Arrow-carrying large-interval ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a rocket-borne, large-spacing, ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna, belonging to the field of phased array antenna technology. The antenna includes a conformal metallic carrier for the rocket body, a metasurface layer, an antenna layer, a parasitic layer, a metal ground plane, and a fixing structure. The antenna layer consists of periodically arranged dual-polarized orthogonal active antenna elements, with vertically polarized elements arranged linearly along the axial direction and horizontally polarized elements conformally bent along the cylindrical side of the rocket body. The parasitic layer consists of correspondingly arranged passive parasitic elements, arranged in an orthogonal grid alternating with the active antenna elements. Reverse current is excited by setting short-circuit strips to suppress harmful common-mode resonance in the H-plane. This invention's antenna achieves nine harmonic bandwidths in both the horizontal and vertical polarization directions, and uses a conformal approach with the rocket body to achieve an array spacing of 0.7~0.9λ. H Wide-angle scanning with no raster lobe at ±60° azimuth plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of phased array antenna technology, and more specifically, to a rocket-borne, large-pitch, ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A precise and efficient space-based telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) system is a crucial component in ensuring the successful launch, on-orbit operation, and mission execution of launch vehicles. Among these systems, the onboard satellite communication antenna serves as the gateway for information transmission, playing a critical role in space-based TT&C. With the increasing complexity of TT&C missions, traditional omnidirectional element antennas are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of next-generation launch vehicle space-based TT&C, making phased array antenna technology one of the core technologies for overcoming this bottleneck.

[0003] However, existing rocket-borne phased array antennas have narrow bandwidths, resulting in poor compatibility with satellites in different frequency bands. Furthermore, with the continuous increase in array size, the traditional 0.5λ... H Large-scale phased array antennas, with their limited spacing, face challenges such as excessive channels and high costs. Solving the problems of narrow bandwidth and excessive channel count due to small spacing in phased array antennas is a pressing research challenge. This invention addresses the ultra-wideband and large-spacing technical challenges encountered by phased array antennas in space-based telemetry and control of launch vehicles.

[0004] To address the demand for ultra-wideband phased array antennas, Chinese invention patent application CN202111270034.9 proposes an ultra-wideband low-profile, low-scattering curved phased array antenna, achieving 2-18 GHz (9th harmonic). However, its antenna element size is 7.5mm × 7.3mm (0.45λ). H ×0.438λ H However, even with this array spacing, the problem of an excessive number of channels in a large-scale phased array still exists. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN202110120853.9 proposes a ferrite-loaded, dual-polarized, low-profile, strongly coupled ultra-wideband phased array antenna, achieving a bandwidth of 0.2-2 GHz (10-fold harmonic) within a ±60° scanning range. However, its array spacing is 0.49λ. H The same problems exist.

[0005] To address the need for large-pitch phased array antennas, Chinese invention patent application CN202111440501.8 proposes a foldable, large-pitch, ultra-wideband, low-profile, tightly coupled array antenna with element pitches of 0.544λ along both the azimuth and elevation planes. h-scan and 0.66λ h-scan The λ h-scanThis indicates the highest frequency wavelength in the array scanning state. However, its operating bandwidth when not performing scanning normal radiation is only 4th harmonic, and the actual spacing during scanning is limited by the grating lobes.

[0006] Existing technologies simultaneously meet the requirements of ultra-wideband (≥9 octaves) and large spacing (≥0.7λ). H Two key performance indicators present a fundamental contradiction: as the array spacing increases, harmful common-mode resonances are easily induced in the E / H planes of traditional periodic arrays, leading to malfunctions at high frequencies and exacerbating impedance mismatch at low frequencies, inevitably generating grating lobes during scanning. Conventional methods for suppressing common-mode resonance, such as loading short-circuit pillars on the antenna, can only suppress E-plane common-mode resonances, while H-plane common-mode resonances are difficult to eliminate. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain a 9th octave bandwidth while achieving normal operation with large-spaced arrays. In summary, research on rocket-borne phased array antennas that simultaneously achieve 9 octaves and large-spaced arrays is still limited, but the relevant application needs objectively exist. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical challenges of existing rocket-borne satellite communication phased array antennas, such as narrow bandwidth, small array spacing leading to a large number of channels, high system cost, and integration difficulties, this invention proposes a rocket-borne large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna. Designed for space-based telemetry and control applications of launch vehicles, this invention achieves a large-spacing array, ultra-wideband (9 octaves bandwidth) operating bandwidth for both horizontally and vertically polarized dual channels, and grating-lobe-free scanning over a ±60° azimuth angle, through an innovative alternating antenna-parasitic layer array architecture and conformal design with the rocket body geometry.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0009] A rocket-borne large-pitch ultrawideband conformal phased array antenna includes a conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, an antenna layer, a parasitic layer, a metasurface layer, a metal ground plane, and a fixing structure.

[0010] The conformal metal carrier of the rocket body is used as a support structure for the antenna layer, including a cylindrical side that matches the radius of the launch vehicle;

[0011] The antenna layer is composed of a periodic arrangement of several dual-polarized orthogonal active antenna elements, used to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves; wherein, the vertically polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a straight line along the axial direction of the rocket body, while the horizontally polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a conformal bending along the circumferential direction according to the cylindrical side profile of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body.

[0012] The parasitic layer is composed of a periodic arrangement of several dual-polarized orthogonal passive parasitic units; wherein, the horizontally polarized passive parasitic units are located at the midpoint of adjacent horizontally polarized active antenna units, and the vertically polarized passive parasitic units are located at the midpoint of adjacent vertically polarized active antenna units; the passive parasitic units and the active antenna units are arranged in an orthogonal grid pattern to reduce the equivalent array spacing and suppress harmful common-mode resonances introduced by the array spacing being greater than half a wavelength in the H-plane;

[0013] The metasurface layer covers the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, and is used to achieve wide-angle matching and protect the antenna array.

[0014] The metal floor, located below the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, is used to reflect backward electromagnetic waves;

[0015] The fixing structure is used to install and fix the antenna layer on the cylindrical side of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, and to install and fix the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body on the launch vehicle.

[0016] Preferably, the array spacing of the active antenna elements is 0.7~0.9λ. H , λ H The wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency; in this invention, the average wavelength per λ during dual polarization H 2 The number of channels within the area is only 2.5 to 4.1, compared to the traditional 0.5λ. H The array has 8 channels under the same conditions, which can effectively reduce the number of channels.

[0017] Preferably, both the active antenna element and the passive parasitic element are printed with the same FSS (Frequency Selective Surface); wherein printing the FSS pattern on the passive parasitic element can avoid grating lobes caused by large spacing, which would affect the radiation performance.

[0018] Preferably, both the horizontally polarized passive parasitic unit and the vertically polarized passive parasitic unit include a parasitic double-layer PCB structure;

[0019] The parasitic double-layer PCB structure is vertically arranged, and a metal ground plane shared with the active antenna unit is provided at the bottom;

[0020] The parasitic double-layer PCB structure has two outer sides printed with identical, mirror-shaped bent short-circuit strips, and an inner side printed with an FSS.

[0021] The bottom of the bent short-circuit strip is connected to a metal floor, and the top is open.

[0022] Preferably, both the horizontally polarized active antenna unit and the vertically polarized active antenna unit include a double-layer PCB structure for the antenna.

[0023] The antenna has a vertically arranged double-layer PCB structure;

[0024] The antenna's double-layer PCB structure has identical metal coupling capacitor patches, shorting posts, and strip grounds printed on its two outer sides with overlapping projections, while the inner side has dipole radiators, FSS, and strip lines printed on it.

[0025] Preferably, the dipole radiator is composed of two symmetrically arranged rectangular metal patches with rounded ends; the feed point of the dipole radiator is located at the adjacent top ends of its two symmetrical dipole radiating arms, and is connected to the Marchand balun feed structure through metallized vias.

[0026] The stripline and the stripline ground together constitute a broadband Marchand balun feed structure for feeding the dipole radiator;

[0027] The metal coupling capacitor patch projects to cover the gap between adjacent dipole radiators and extends to the top of the dipole radiating arm to enhance the coupling between adjacent dipole radiators and expand the bandwidth.

[0028] The short-circuit post includes short-circuit post A and short-circuit post B; short-circuit post A and short-circuit post B are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the strip ground, one end of which is connected to a metal coupling capacitor patch, and the other end is connected to a metal ground plane.

[0029] At least one metallized via is provided in each of the short-circuit post A, short-circuit post B, metal coupling capacitor patch, and the stripline ground to achieve cross-layer conduction.

[0030] The FSS is positioned above the dipole radiator and includes several horizontally arranged square metal patches to improve impedance matching across the entire frequency band.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0032] This invention constructs a composite array architecture with alternating antenna layers and parasitic layers, achieving a physical array spacing of 0.7~0.9λ. H Under these conditions, a unified approach was achieved, enabling ultra-wideband dual-polarization operation within the 2–18 GHz (9 octaves) range and ±60° grating-lobe-free wide-angle scanning in the azimuth plane. Specifically, the bent short-circuit strips in the parasitic layer reduce the spacing between adjacent unbalanced currents to half of their original size, compressing the equivalent array spacing. This shifts the harmful common-mode resonances caused by large-spacing arrays out of the frequency band, avoiding the problems associated with traditional 0.5λ arrays. HThe array layout addresses the issue of a large number of channels (this scheme has only 2.5~4.1 channels per unit area, a reduction of at least 50% compared to traditional schemes); simultaneously, the antenna layer and parasitic layer share the same FSS pattern, effectively suppressing higher-order modes of the FSS under large spacing and ensuring impedance matching stability across the entire frequency band; furthermore, to achieve grating-lobe-free wide-angle scanning, a conformal arrowhead scheme is adopted, using a cylindrical array at 0.7~0.9λ. H With a certain array spacing, ±60° grating-free scanning of the azimuth plane can be achieved; in addition, all structures are based on mature PCB technology and have good feasibility. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a 3D schematic diagram of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a unit model diagram of the phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conformal curved array of horizontally polarized active antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the active antenna element, passive parasitic element, and metasurface layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the active antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a front view of a vertically polarized active antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a front view of a horizontally polarized active antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the passive parasitic unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a front view of the vertically polarized passive parasitic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a front view of a horizontally polarized passive parasitic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 This is the active standing wave ratio of the central unit port of the comparative model of the present invention when it is scanned at 0° along the azimuth plane.

[0044] Figure 12 This refers to the active standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the core unit port when scanning along the azimuth plane at 0°, 30°, and 60° in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 13 The comparative phased array antenna of this invention is at 0.5λ H Normalized scanning pattern at 18 GHz under array configuration;

[0046] Figure 14 The comparative phased array antenna of this invention is at 0.8λ H Normalized scanning pattern at 18 GHz under array configuration;

[0047] Figure 15 This is the normalized scanning pattern of the phased array antenna at 18 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Conformal metal carrier for the rocket body; 2. Fixing structure, 201. Connecting bolt, 202. Fixing screw hole; 3. Metasurface layer, 301. Square metal patch; 4. Vertically polarized active antenna element, 401. Frequency selective surface, 402. Metallized coupling capacitor patch, 403. Metallized via, 404. Shorting post, 405. Dipole radiator, 406. Stripline, 407. Stripline ground, 408. Rectangular window, 409. Parallel columnar extension, 410. Slot; 5. Horizontally polarized antenna element, 501. Frequency selective surface, 502. Metallized coupling capacitor patch, 503. Metallized via, 504. Shorting post, 505. Dipole radiator. 506. Stripline, 507. Stripline ground, 508. Rectangular window, 509. Parallel columnar extension, 510. Slot; 6. Vertically polarized passive parasitic unit, 601. Frequency selective surface, 602. Bent-type short-circuit strip, 603. Slot; 7. Horizontally polarized passive parasitic unit, 701. Frequency selective surface, 702. Bent-type short-circuit strip, 703. Slot; 8. Metal floor, 801. Orthogonal slot. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0050] This embodiment provides a rocket-borne, large-pitch, ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a conformal metal carrier for the rocket body, an antenna layer, a parasitic layer, a metasurface layer, a metal ground plane, and a fixing structure.

[0051] The conformal metal carrier of the rocket body is used as a support structure for the antenna layer, including a cylindrical side that matches the radius of the launch vehicle and a rectangular planar side that is fixedly installed with the launch vehicle; in this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the cylindrical side is 2m.

[0052] The antenna layer consists of 10×10 periodically arranged dual-polarized orthogonal active antenna elements with a spacing of 0.8λ. H It is used for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves; wherein, the vertically polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a straight line along the axial direction of the rocket body, while the horizontally polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a conformal bending pattern along the circumferential direction according to the cylindrical side profile of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0053] The parasitic layer is composed of 10×10 periodically arranged dual-polarized orthogonal passive parasitic units. The horizontally polarized passive parasitic units are positioned at the midpoint of adjacent horizontally polarized active antenna units, and the vertically polarized passive parasitic units are positioned at the midpoint of adjacent vertically polarized active antenna units. The passive parasitic units and the active antenna units are arranged in an orthogonal grid pattern to reduce the equivalent array spacing and suppress harmful common-mode resonances introduced into the H-plane due to the array spacing exceeding half a wavelength.

[0054] The metasurface layer includes a metasurface dielectric substrate and square metal patches periodically arranged on its upper surface; the metasurface layer covers the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, and is used to achieve wide-angle matching and protect the array surface.

[0055] The fixing structure is used to install and fix the antenna layer on the cylindrical side of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, and to install and fix the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body on the launch vehicle.

[0056] The metal floor, located below the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, is used to reflect backward electromagnetic waves. The metal floor is provided with orthogonal slots that match the antenna double-layer PCB structure and the parasitic double-layer PCB structure, for embedding and fixing the antenna double-layer PCB structure and the parasitic double-layer PCB structure.

[0057] In this embodiment, as Figures 4-7 As shown, both the horizontally polarized active antenna unit and the vertically polarized active antenna unit include a vertically arranged double-layer PCB structure with a thickness of 0.254 mm, a height of 9.5 mm, and a relative permittivity of 2.2. At the same time, the double-layer PCB structure is provided with two slots to achieve mutual engagement with the orthogonally arranged active antenna unit and passive parasitic unit.

[0058] The antenna's double-layer PCB structure has identical metal coupling capacitor patches, shorting posts, and strip grounds printed on its two outer sides with overlapping projections, while the inner side has dipole radiators, FSS, and strip lines printed on it.

[0059] The dipole radiator is composed of two symmetrically arranged rectangular metal patches with rounded ends. The feed point of the dipole radiator is located at the adjacent top ends of its two symmetrical dipole radiating arms and is connected to the Marchand balun feed structure through a metallized via.

[0060] The stripline and the stripline ground together constitute a broadband Marchand balun feed structure for feeding the dipole radiator. The main body of the stripline ground is an inverted right-angled U-shaped structure, with its horizontal branches broken in the middle and having two parallel columnar extensions. The top of the extensions has a metallized via connecting to the dipole radiator. At the same time, the left branch of the stripline ground has eight rectangular windows arranged vertically to improve impedance matching. The bottom of the right branch has a metallized via. A metallized via is provided in the area between the two parallel extensions.

[0061] The metal-coupled capacitor patch projects to cover the gap between adjacent dipole radiators and extends to the top of the dipole radiator arm to the columnar extension of the strip ground; at the same time, four metallized vias are provided on the lower side of the metal-coupled capacitor patch to realize cross-layer conduction; the metal-coupled capacitor patch is used to enhance the coupling between adjacent dipole radiators to expand the bandwidth.

[0062] The short-circuit post includes a bent short-circuit post A and a bent short-circuit post B; short-circuit posts A and B are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the strip ground, with one end connected to a metal coupling capacitor patch and the other end connected to a metal ground plane; at the same time, two metallized vias are respectively provided on short-circuit posts A and B to realize cross-layer conduction.

[0063] The FSS (Frequency Selective Surface) is positioned above the dipole radiator to improve impedance matching across the entire frequency band.

[0064] In this embodiment, as Figures 8-10 As shown, both the horizontally polarized passive parasitic unit and the vertically polarized passive parasitic unit include a vertically arranged parasitic double-layer PCB structure, and the parameters of the parasitic double-layer PCB structure are the same as those of the antenna double-layer PCB structure.

[0065] The parasitic double-layer PCB structure has two outer surfaces printed with identical, mirror-image bent short-circuit strips, and the inner surface printed with the same FSS as the active antenna element.

[0066] The bottom of the bent short-circuit strip is connected to a metal floor, and the top is open. In this embodiment, the lengths of each segment of the bent short-circuit strip from bottom to top are 2.8mm, 1.3mm, 2.4mm, and 2.4mm, respectively.

[0067] The antenna works as follows:

[0068] In the active antenna unit, when the radio frequency signal is input to the Marchand balun, the balanced output differential signal excites the dipole radiator to generate electromagnetic waves; the metal coupling capacitor patch introduces additional capacitance to extend the impedance bandwidth in the low frequency band, while the short-circuit post suppresses the common-mode resonance generated by the E-plane.

[0069] In the passive parasitic unit, the bent short-circuit strip reduces the spacing between adjacent unbalanced currents to half of its original size, compressing the equivalent array spacing and thus removing the harmful common-mode resonance caused by large spacing from the frequency band. At the same time, the passive parasitic unit shares the FSS pattern with the active antenna unit, controlling the period of the FSS within half a wavelength, suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes of the FSS, and ensuring the matching stability of the entire frequency band.

[0070] Furthermore, by conforming the rocket body and opening the partitions, ±60° grid-free scanning can be achieved; the metasurface layer further improves wide-angle matching by regulating the near-field distribution through periodic metal patches.

[0071] To better illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, a 10×10 two-dimensional planar phased array antenna constructed using the above-mentioned active antenna elements in a conventional array configuration is used as a comparative example, with an array spacing of 0.5λ. H At that time, its active standing wave is like Figure 11 As shown, impedance matching is good at this spacing; its 18GHz normalized radiation pattern is as follows. Figure 13 As shown, no grid lobes appear during large-angle scanning. The array spacing is increased to 0.8λ. H At that time, its active standing wave is like Figure 11 As shown, harmful common-mode resonances can be observed within the band; its 18GHz normalized radiation pattern is as follows. Figure 14 As shown, grid lobes appear during large-angle scanning.

[0072] The active standing wave of the present invention embodiment is as follows: Figure 12 As shown, the impedance matching within the band is good; the normalized radiation pattern at 18 GHz is as follows. Figure 15 As shown, no grid lobes appear during large-angle scanning. This is significant compared to the traditional 0.5λ... H In terms of array configuration, this invention reduces the number of channels by approximately 60% while ensuring good in-band impedance matching and no visible gate lobes throughout the array, resulting in a channel density per unit area of ​​8 channels / λ. H ² decreased to 3.1 / λ H ².

[0073] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rocket-borne, large-pitch, ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna, characterized in that, It includes the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, antenna layer, parasitic layer, metasurface layer, metal ground plane, and fixing structure; The conformal metal carrier of the rocket body is used as a support structure for the antenna layer, including a cylindrical side that matches the radius of the launch vehicle. The antenna layer is composed of a periodic arrangement of several dual-polarized orthogonal active antenna elements, used to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves; wherein, the vertically polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a straight line along the axial direction of the rocket body, while the horizontally polarized active antenna elements are arranged in a conformal bending along the circumferential direction according to the cylindrical side profile of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body. The parasitic layer is composed of a periodic arrangement of several dual-polarized orthogonal passive parasitic units; wherein, the horizontally polarized passive parasitic units are located at the midpoint of adjacent horizontally polarized active antenna units, and the vertically polarized passive parasitic units are located at the midpoint of adjacent vertically polarized active antenna units; the passive parasitic units and the active antenna units are arranged in an orthogonal grid pattern to reduce the equivalent array spacing and suppress harmful common-mode resonances introduced by the array spacing being greater than half a wavelength in the H-plane; The metasurface layer covers the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, and is used to achieve wide-angle matching and protect the antenna array. The metal floor, located below the antenna layer and the parasitic layer, is used to reflect backward electromagnetic waves; The fixing structure is used to install and fix the antenna layer on the cylindrical side of the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body, and to install and fix the conformal metal carrier of the rocket body on the launch vehicle.

2. The rocket-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The array spacing of the active antenna elements is 0.7~0.9λ. H , λ H This is the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.

3. The rocket-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Both the active antenna element and the passive parasitic element are printed with the same FSS pattern.

4. A rocket-borne, large-pitch, ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Both the horizontally polarized passive parasitic unit and the vertically polarized passive parasitic unit include a parasitic double-layer PCB structure. The parasitic double-layer PCB structure is vertically arranged, and a metal ground plane shared with the active antenna unit is provided at the bottom; The parasitic double-layer PCB structure has two outer sides printed with identical, mirror-shaped bent short-circuit strips, and an inner side printed with an FSS. The bottom of the bent short-circuit strip is connected to a metal floor, and the top is open.

5. The rocket-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Both the horizontally polarized active antenna unit and the vertically polarized active antenna unit include a double-layer PCB structure for the antenna. The antenna has a vertically arranged double-layer PCB structure; The antenna's double-layer PCB structure has identical metal coupling capacitor patches, shorting posts, and strip grounds printed on its two outer sides with overlapping projections, while the inner side has dipole radiators, FSS, and strip lines printed on it.

6. The rocket-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The dipole radiator is composed of two symmetrically arranged rectangular metal patches with rounded ends; the feed point of the dipole radiator is located at the adjacent top ends of its two symmetrical dipole radiating arms, and is connected to the Marchand balun feed structure through metallized vias. The stripline and the stripline ground together constitute a broadband Marchand balun feed structure for feeding the dipole radiator; The metal coupling capacitor patch projects to cover the gap between adjacent dipole radiators and extends to the top of the dipole radiating arm to enhance the coupling between adjacent dipole radiators and expand the bandwidth. The short-circuit post includes short-circuit post A and short-circuit post B; short-circuit post A and short-circuit post B are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the strip ground, one end of which is connected to a metal coupling capacitor patch, and the other end is connected to a metal ground plane. At least one metallized via is provided in each of the short-circuit post A, short-circuit post B, metal coupling capacitor patch, and the stripline ground to achieve cross-layer conduction. The FSS is positioned above the dipole radiator and includes several horizontally arranged square metal patches to improve impedance matching across the entire frequency band.

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