Tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel inspection technology and discloses a dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock, comprising a main body, a support frame fixedly connected to the top of the main body, and a measuring cone fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the support frame. When multiple elastic plates slide closer together, they slide at the bottom of the rock, ensuring the accuracy of the rock's detection position during the inspection process. This addresses the issue of slippage caused by uneven rock surfaces during the rock compression inspection process, ensuring concentrated force at the contact point between the rock and the measuring cone while reducing measurement deviations and improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock strength testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel inspection technology, specifically to a dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument typically consists of a data acquisition module, a data processing and transmission module, an intelligent analysis module, an early warning and decision-making module, and a human-computer interaction module. The data acquisition module includes various sensors and detection devices, such as point load cells, displacement gauges, stress gauges, seepage sensors, blasting vibration sensors, ground-penetrating radar, ultrasonic surrounding rock fracture detectors, and rebound hammers, used to collect physical parameters and image information of the surrounding rock in real time.

[0003] When conducting graded testing of surrounding rock, the strength of the surrounding rock is tested using a point load tester. During the rock strength test, the staff typically places the rock between the placement tray and the test cone of the testing equipment, allowing the test cone to compress the rock. When the test cone on the point load tester compresses and measures the rock, the uneven surface of the rock after blasting can easily cause slippage during the contact and compression process with the measuring cone. This affects the concentration of force on the rock during the measurement process and can also lead to deviations in the measurement and point load values, affecting the accuracy and efficiency of the rock strength test. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention relates to a dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock, comprising a main body, on which a measuring cone and a conical rod are longitudinally arranged opposite each other. A driving mechanism is connected to the measuring cone and / or the conical rod to drive the measuring cone and the conical rod to move closer or further apart. An anti-slip component is provided on the conical rod, the anti-slip component comprising:

[0007] A fixed disk and several elastic plates are provided. The fixed disk is located below the elastic plates and is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the tapered rod. The several elastic plates are arranged in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the tapered rod. One end of each elastic plate is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod, and the other end of each elastic plate is connected to the fixed disk.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, a ring surrounds the edge of the fixed disk, and a plurality of sliding rods are evenly arranged on the ring. The fixed disk has through holes for mounting the sliding rods. The ring can move axially along the fixed disk under the action of a power mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the power mechanism includes a sliding groove and a rotating component disposed on the fixed disk. The end of the elastic plate is slidably installed in the sliding groove and abuts against one end of the rotating component, while the other end of the rotating component is rotatably connected to the ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the power mechanism also includes a counterweight located at the end of the sliding rod away from the ring.

[0011] In another embodiment of this application, the elastic sheet is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod via a mounting bracket, and both ends of the elastic sheet are slidably connected to the mounting bracket; a buffer spring is provided in the sliding direction of the end of the elastic sheet, one end of the buffer spring is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod, and the other end of the buffer spring is connected to the end of the elastic sheet.

[0012] In another embodiment of this application, in the projection direction of the elastic sheet, a telescopic rod is further provided between the elastic sheet and the fixed disk, one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the elastic sheet, and the other end of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the fixed disk.

[0013] In another embodiment of this application, a support frame is further provided on the main body, a support platform is connected to the support frame, and the end of the tapered rod away from the measuring cone passes through the fixed plate and is connected to the support platform through a reset mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the reset mechanism includes a limiting plate and a reset spring. The limiting plate is fixed to the end of the tapered rod away from the measuring cone. One end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the limiting plate, and the other end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the support platform.

[0015] Furthermore, the reset mechanism also includes at least two sets of guide rods and a second reset spring. One end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the fixed plate, and the other end of the guide rod passes through the support platform and is slidably connected to the support platform. The second reset spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod and is located between the fixed plate and the support platform.

[0016] In another embodiment of this application, the elastic sheet has a plurality of elastic ridges or elastic spheres on the side facing the measuring cone; and / or, the initial shape of the elastic sheet between the tapered rod and the fixed plate is an arch shape.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In the dynamic grading instrument for surrounding rock of the present invention, when multiple elastic plates slide and approach each other, the multiple elastic plates will adhere to the bottom of the rock to provide support and ensure the accuracy of the detection position of the rock during the detection process. In this way, it can prevent the rock from slipping due to the unevenness of the rock surface during the extrusion detection process of the measuring cone, and ensure that the force at the contact point between the rock and the measuring cone is concentrated while reducing the deviation of the measurement value, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock strength detection.

[0019] 2. In the tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument of the present invention, the bent part of the elastic sheet will contact and support the bottom of the rock with the inclined surface of the rock. This can reduce the situation where the measuring cone tip tilts and becomes unbalanced and eccentric when measuring the rock because the local inclined surface of the bottom of the rock does not contact the elastic sheet during the measurement process. This can further ensure the stability of the rock position during the detection process, while further improving the accuracy and stability of rock detection and improving detection efficiency.

[0020] 3. In the dynamic grading instrument for surrounding rock of the present invention, when the conical rod slides upward at the crack, the conical rod will drive the limiting plate to reset and slide. At this time, as the limiting plate resets with the conical rod, the ring loses the support of the rotating part and slides downward and resets under the action of multiple counterweights. At this time, there is a certain amount of movable space between the ring and the rock, and the fractured rock can fall off. This can reduce the situation where the rock is difficult to separate inside the ring after it is fractured when it is pushed and covered by the ring, and the measuring cone is embedded in the crack of the rock after it is fractured, affecting the continuous detection. This can ensure that the rock can be separated quickly after it is fractured, and further improve the accuracy and detection efficiency of the subsequent rock measurement process.

[0021] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the drive component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the load-bearing component of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another structure of the support component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed disk structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support components of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary mechanism of the present invention after it has been moved.

[0031] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0032] In the picture:

[0033] Main body 1; support frame 101; measuring cone 102; tapered rod 103; bearing platform 104; bearing frame 105; drive mechanism 106;

[0034] Anti-slip component 2; fixed plate 201; elastic sheet 202; ring 203; sliding rod 204; sliding groove 205; rotating part 206; counterweight 207; mounting bracket 208; buffer spring 209; telescopic rod 210;

[0035] Reset mechanism 3; limit plate 301; reset spring 1 302; guide rod 303; reset spring 2 304. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, a dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock includes a main body 1. A measuring cone 102 and a conical rod 103 are longitudinally arranged opposite each other on the main body 1. The working ends of both the measuring cone 102 and the conical rod 103 are conical spherical heads, which are spherical surfaces with a small radius of curvature (typically 5 mm or any specified size). This ensures that, under normal operation, the weight of the rock sample will not cause it to be pre-crushed or damaged. In this embodiment, a driving mechanism 106 is connected to the measuring cone 102 and / or the conical rod 103 to drive the measuring cone 102 and the conical rod 103 to move closer or further apart. The driving mechanism 106 can be any conventional linear drive device, such as an electric linear actuator, a hydraulic drive device, a pneumatic drive device, a jack, etc.

[0038] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, an anti-slip component 2 is provided on the tapered rod 103. The anti-slip component 2 includes:

[0039] A fixed disk 201 and several elastic plates 202 are arranged in an array on the outer wall of the conical rod 103. The fixed disk 201 is located below the elastic plates 202 and is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the conical rod 103. At least three sets of elastic plates 202 are arranged in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the conical rod 103. One end of the elastic plate 202 is connected to the outer wall of the conical rod 103, and the other end of the elastic plate 202 is connected to the fixed disk 201. In this embodiment, when a rock is placed on the conical rod 103, it will press down on the conical rod to a certain extent. The conical rod 103 moves downward relative to the fixed disk 201, and the elastic plates 202 will gradually bend further to support the bottom of the rock. This ensures that the rock does not slip due to the unevenness of the rock surface during the rock compression test, thus reducing the deviation of the measurement value and improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock strength testing.

[0040] In another embodiment, the anti-slip component 2 further includes a ring 203 arranged around the edge of the fixed disk 201. A plurality of sliding rods 204 are evenly arranged on the ring 203, and the fixed disk 201 has through holes for mounting the sliding rods 204. The ring 203 can move axially along the fixed disk 201 under the action of a power mechanism. That is, when further fixing and supporting the rock is required, the ring 203 can be driven to move upward relative to the fixed disk 201 under the action of the power mechanism until it contacts and supports the bottom periphery of the rock, further ensuring the stability of the rock during the measurement process.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the power mechanism further includes a sliding groove 205 and a rotating member 206 disposed on the fixed disk 201. The end of the elastic plate 202 is slidably mounted in the sliding groove 205 and abuts against one end of the rotating member 206. The other end of the rotating member 206 is rotatably connected to the ring 203. Specifically, key-shaped grooves can be formed on opposite sidewalls of the sliding groove 205. Sliding rotating posts adapted to the key-shaped grooves are provided on both sides of the end of the elastic plate 202, so that the elastic plate 202 can rotate relative to the sliding groove 205 and move along the length direction of the key-shaped groove or the sliding groove 205. Similarly, the rotating member 206 and the elastic plate 202 are slidably mounted in the sliding groove 205 and abut against one end of the rotating member 206. The end of the sheet 202 that abuts can also be installed in the sliding groove 205 with a similar or identical structure as described above. In this way, when the elastic sheet 202 is subjected to compressive force, the elastic sheet 202 can adapt to its own deformation based on the rotational movement with the sliding groove 205, and can also transmit the compressive force to the rotating member 206 to drive the rotating member 206 to rotate, thereby lifting the ring 203 to further support and stabilize the rock. In this embodiment, the power mechanism uses the transmission of the equipment's own force to drive the ring 203. Based on the weight and compressive force of the rock, different degrees of support are achieved. Its structure is simple and its energy consumption is low.

[0042] Furthermore, the power mechanism also includes a counterweight 207 located at the end of the sliding rod 204 away from the ring 203. The counterweight 207 is able to reset the ring 203 based on its own weight after the test.

[0043] In another embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the elastic plate 202 is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod 103 via the mounting bracket 208. The ends of the elastic plate 202 are slidably and rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 208. Specifically, a slide rail can be provided on the opposing inner sidewall of the mounting bracket 208. Sliding pivots adapted to the slide rails are provided on both sides of the ends of the elastic plate 202, allowing the elastic plate 202 to rotate relative to the mounting bracket 208 while also moving along the length of the slide rail on the mounting bracket 208. A buffer spring 209 is provided in the sliding direction of the ends of the elastic plate 202. One end of the buffer spring 209 is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod, and the other end is connected to the ends of the elastic plate 202. In this embodiment, the ends of the elastic plate 202 can move within the mounting bracket 208 to buffer the compressive force, preventing the structure from being rigidly damaged. Simultaneously, the ends of the elastic plate 202 can rotate relative to the mounting bracket 208 to adapt to their own deformation, ensuring conformity with the shape of the rock bottom, thereby providing better support and stabilization for the rock.

[0044] In another embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 8As shown, in the projection direction of the elastic sheet 202, a telescopic rod 210 is also provided between the elastic sheet 202 and the fixed disk 201. One end of the telescopic rod 210 is fixedly connected to the elastic sheet 202, and the other end of the telescopic rod 210 is rotatably connected to the fixed disk 201. Those skilled in the art can, without affecting the normal use of the elastic sheet 202, set a certain preset length for the telescopic rod 210 based on conventional technical means and the initial shape of the elastic sheet 202, to prevent the elastic sheet 202 from bending backwards or collapsing. Furthermore, the telescopic rod 210 also adapts to the expansion and contraction of the elastic sheet 202, avoiding affecting the normal deformation of the elastic sheet 202 and acting as a buffer during the reset of the elastic sheet 202, thus ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0045] In another embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system also includes a support frame 101 mounted on the main body 1. A support platform 104 is connected to the support frame 101. The end of the tapered rod 103 away from the measuring cone 102 passes through the fixed plate 201 and is connected to the support platform 104 via a reset mechanism 3. The reset mechanism 3 includes a limiting plate 301 and a reset spring 302. The limiting plate 301 is fixed to the end of the tapered rod 103 away from the measuring cone 102. One end of the reset spring 302 is fixedly connected to the limiting plate 301, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support platform 104. The reset mechanism also includes at least two sets of guide rods 303 and a reset spring 304. One end of the guide rod 303 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 201, and the other end passes through the support platform 104 and is slidably connected to it. The reset spring 304 is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod 303 and located between the fixed plate 201 and the support platform 104. The reset spring 302 and reset spring 304 in the reset mechanism can accumulate elastic potential energy during the rock crushing process. After the rock is crushed, the elastic potential energy is released to push the relevant structure to reset, so as to ensure the normal use of the equipment next time.

[0046] Furthermore, a bearing surface can be provided on the bearing platform 104 on the outer periphery of the fixed plate 201 to assist in the placement of some larger rocks.

[0047] In the tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument of this embodiment, the elastic sheet 202 has several elastic protrusions or elastic spheres on the side facing the measuring cone 102. These protrusions or spheres can further conform to the bottom of the rock based on their own deformation, further increasing the adhesion between the elastic sheet 202 and the bottom of the rock, preventing the rock from sliding or shifting, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of the test. Specifically, the elastic protrusions or spheres can be made of materials such as elastic rubber or silicone, which not only have good elastic deformation but also good anti-slip effect.

[0048] In the tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument of this embodiment, the initial shape of the elastic sheet 202 between the conical rod 103 and the fixed plate 201 is an arch shape, which can ensure that the elastic sheet 202 deforms in a predetermined direction during further compression, so as to ensure effective support for the rock.

[0049] In this embodiment, the material of the elastic sheet 202 is selected based on its characteristics of having a certain auxiliary support strength and being able to produce a certain degree of deformation. Those skilled in the art can select from existing materials such as polyurethane, rubber, EVA / high-elastic EVA, spring steel sheets, and shape memory alloys, and this application does not limit it. In addition, in this embodiment, since rock crushing will generate gravel and debris, in order to avoid the impact of gravel and debris on the use of related structures, in related key structures, including but not limited to the power mechanism, reset mechanism, mounting bracket 208, buffer spring 209, and telescopic rod 210 in this embodiment, protection can be provided by conventionally used flexible protective covers, protective corrugated sleeves, etc., to ensure stable operation of the equipment and facilitate cleaning and maintenance. The relevant installation methods and uses are conventional technical means in the art and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0050] In use, the rock whose surrounding rock strength needs to be tested is first placed on top of the fixed plate 201 and the support frame 105. Then, the operator starts the drive mechanism 106. When the drive mechanism 106 is working, it will push the support platform 104 and the support frame 105 on top of the support platform 104 to slide upward. When the support platform 104 slides upward, it will cause the rock to continuously squeeze the measuring cone 102 until the rock breaks. At the same time, the measuring cone 102 will transmit and display the detected strength curve and value to the background, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting the rock strength in the dynamic grading of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0051] When the worker places the rock on top of the fixed plate 201, the conical rod 103 in the middle of the fixed plate 201 slides downward under the weight of the rock itself. As the conical rod 103 slides downward, it exerts a downward pressure on the top of the elastic plate 202. The elastic plate 202 can be made of high-performance spring steel. When the top of the elastic plate 202 is subjected to downward pressure, the bottom of the elastic plate 202 slides between the two key-shaped grooves inside the sliding groove 205. This sliding motion of the bottom of the elastic plate 202 generates a pushing force on the rotating component 206. Simultaneously, when the rotating component 206 is pushed by the elastic plate 202, it rotates and pushes the ring 203 upward, contacting the outer edge of the bottom of the rock. Subsequently, when the measuring cone 102 compresses the rock, the downward pressure generated by the measuring cone 102 on the rock will further exert downward pressure on the conical rod 103 and the fixed plate 201 through the rock, causing the conical rod 103 to... As the rod 103 and the fixed plate 201 continue to slide downwards, and the rock is further pushed downwards by the pressure of the measuring cone 102, the outer sidewall of the elastic plate 202 is in close contact with the bottom of the rock. When the rod 103 slides downwards again under the pressure, the tops of the multiple elastic plates 202 on the rod 103 will slide towards the rod 103 during the downward sliding process. When the multiple elastic plates 202 slide towards each other, they will fit tightly against the bottom of the rock, ensuring the stability of the detection position during the testing process. This also prevents slippage between the rock and the measuring cone 102 during the rock compression testing process caused by the unevenness of the rock surface. This ensures that the force is concentrated at the contact point between the rock and the measuring cone 102, while reducing the deviation of the measurement values, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of rock strength testing.

[0052] When the conical rod 103 slides downwards during the measurement process where the rock is compressed by the measuring cone 102, the downward sliding of the conical rod 103 will generate a strong downward pressure on the top of the elastic plate 202. Due to the irregular slope of the rock surface, when multiple elastic plates 202 are in contact with the rock, some of the outer walls of the elastic plates 202 may not make contact with the bottom of the rock. When the conical rod 103 slides further downwards and generates downward pressure on the top of multiple elastic plates 202, the multiple elastic plates 202 and the elastic protrusions or elastic convex balls on their outer walls will slide relatively close together while in contact with the bottom of the rock. At the same time, the elastic plates 202 that are not in contact with the bottom of the rock will undergo local bending deformation under the action of their own elasticity during the downward sliding of the conical rod 103. After bending, the bent part of the elastic plate 202 will contact and support the inclined surface of the rock at the bottom of the rock, presenting a certain effect. Figure 8 As shown in the state of positions G and H, this can reduce the situation where the rock is not in contact with the elastic sheet 202 due to the local tilting surface at the bottom of the rock during the measurement process, which would cause the measuring cone 102 to tilt and become unbalanced and eccentric when measuring the rock. This can further ensure the stability of the rock position during the detection process, while improving the accuracy and stability of rock detection and increasing detection efficiency.

[0053] When the test is completed, the counterweights 207 at the bottom of the multiple sliding rods 204 will cause the ring 203 to slide downward under its own weight. When the ring 203 slides downward, it will push the elastic plate 202 through the rotating part 206, causing the elastic plate 202 to drive the tapered rod 103 to reset. When the tapered rod 103 resets, it will drive the telescopic rod 210 to reset. During the reset process, the telescopic rod 210 will ensure that the elastic plate 202 maintains the integrity of the arc surface after reset and the consistency of the synchronous position of the multiple elastic plates 202 after reset, thereby improving the detection efficiency and continuity of the test.

[0054] As the tapered rod 103 slides downwards with the fixed plate 201 during rock detection, the bottom of the tapered rod 103 compresses the tops of the first reset spring 302 and the second reset spring 304, putting them in a compressed state. Then, when the measuring cone 102 compresses the rock, causing it to crack, the elastic potential energy accumulated by the first reset spring 302 and the second reset spring 304 is released, thereby resetting the relevant structure. The released return spring 302 pushes the conical rod 103 to slide upward at the crack in the rock. When the conical rod 103 slides upward at the crack, it drives the limiting plate 301 to slide back to its original position. At this time, the limiting plate 301 slides back to its original position as the conical rod 103 returns to its original position and the ring 203 slides back to its original position under the action of multiple counterweights 207. There is a certain amount of space between the ring 203 and the rock, allowing the broken rock to fall off. This reduces the possibility that the rock will be difficult to separate inside the ring 203 after it breaks when it is pushed and covered by the ring 203, and that the measuring cone 102 will be embedded in the crack in the rock after it breaks, affecting subsequent detection. This ensures that the rock can be separated quickly after it breaks, and further improves the accuracy and detection efficiency of subsequent rock measurement. Of course, to ensure thorough cleaning, external cleaning devices such as small vacuum cleaners and cleaning brushes can also be used to clean the equipment.

[0055] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A dynamic grading instrument for tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that, The device includes a main body (1), on which a measuring cone (102) and a tapered rod (103) are longitudinally arranged opposite each other. A driving mechanism (106) is connected to the measuring cone (102) and / or the tapered rod (103) for driving the measuring cone (102) and the tapered rod (103) to move closer or further apart. An anti-slip component (2) is provided on the tapered rod (103), the anti-slip component (2) including: A fixed disk (201) and a plurality of elastic plates (202) are provided. The fixed disk (201) is located below the elastic plates (202) and is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the tapered rod (103). The plurality of elastic plates (202) are arranged in an array on the circumferential outer wall of the tapered rod (103). One end of the elastic plate (202) is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod (103), and the other end of the elastic plate (202) is connected to the fixed disk (201). A ring (203) surrounds the edge of the fixed disk (201), and the ring (203) can move along the axial direction of the fixed disk (201) under the action of the power mechanism; the power mechanism includes a sliding groove (205) and a rotating member (206) provided on the fixed disk (201), the end of the elastic plate (202) is slidably installed in the sliding groove (205) and abuts against one end of the rotating member (206), and the other end of the rotating member (206) is rotatably connected to the ring (203).

2. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of sliding rods (204) are evenly arranged on the ring (203), and the fixed plate (201) has through holes for mounting the sliding rods (204).

3. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power mechanism also includes a counterweight (207) located at the end of the sliding rod (204) away from the ring (203).

4. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic sheet (202) is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod (103) via the mounting bracket (208), and the two ends of the elastic sheet (202) are slidably connected to the mounting bracket (208); a buffer spring (209) is provided in the sliding direction of the end of the elastic sheet (202), one end of the buffer spring (209) is connected to the outer wall of the tapered rod, and the other end of the buffer spring (209) is connected to the end of the elastic sheet (202).

5. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, In the projection direction of the elastic sheet (202), a telescopic rod (210) is also provided between the elastic sheet (202) and the fixed disk (201). One end of the telescopic rod (210) is fixedly connected to the elastic sheet (202), and the other end of the telescopic rod (210) is rotatably connected to the fixed disk (201).

6. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support frame (101) mounted on the main body (1), on which a bearing platform (104) is connected. The end of the tapered rod (103) away from the measuring cone (102) passes through the fixed plate (201) and is connected to the bearing platform (104) through a reset mechanism (3).

7. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reset mechanism (3) includes a limiting plate (301) and a reset spring (302). The limiting plate (301) is fixed to the end of the tapered rod (103) away from the measuring cone (102). One end of the reset spring (302) is fixedly connected to the limiting plate (301), and the other end of the reset spring (302) is fixedly connected to the support platform (104).

8. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reset mechanism further includes at least two sets of guide rods (303) and a second reset spring (304). One end of the guide rod (303) is fixedly connected to the fixed plate (201), and the other end of the guide rod (303) passes through the support platform (104) and is slidably connected to the support platform (104). The second reset spring (304) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod (303) and located between the fixed plate (201) and the support platform (104).

9. The tunnel surrounding rock dynamic grading instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic sheet (202) has a plurality of elastic ridges or elastic spheres on the side facing the measuring cone (102); and / or, the elastic sheet (202) is initially arched between the tapered rod (103) and the fixed plate (201).

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