Non-specific lumbago assisting system based on ICF and working method of non-specific lumbago assisting system

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-specific lumbago diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF. The system comprises a patient information module, a pain module, a medical history module, a scale module, a basic examination module, a special examination module and a palpation module. Wherein the patient information module is responsible for collecting and managing personal information of a patient, so that a basic form is obtained under a GPT large model, and support is provided for personalized treatment; the pain module is used for monitoring and managing pain symptoms of the patient in real time, recording and continuously tracking changes of pain according to information input by a therapist, and realizing dynamic tracking; the medical history module is responsible for inquiring the medical history of the patient and assisting a therapist in making a scientific and reasonable treatment plan; and the scale module is used for evaluating the risk that the patient turns into chronic non-specific lumbago. A basic medical detection tool is provided for a therapist, the special examination module assists diagnosis, the illness state of a patient can be judged easily, and therefore the treatment accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of medical assistive technology, and in particular relates to a non-specific low back pain assistive system based on ICF and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] Lower back pain is a serious global health problem and one of the most common occupational diseases. Spinal pain is characterized by high incidence and prevalence.

[0003] The mechanisms underlying low back pain are complex. Due to limitations in current diagnostic and assessment methods, approximately 90% of patients with low back pain in clinical practice cannot obtain a definitive pathological diagnosis and are classified as having nonspecific low back pain. Studies have shown that the development of low back pain is influenced by multiple factors, including biological, social, and psychological factors. Furthermore, current low back pain rehabilitation guidelines emphasize that patients with low back pain should undergo comprehensive assessment and individualized treatment within the framework of the International College of Psychological Counsel (ICF).

[0004] With the development of internet technology, M-health (mobile healthcare) intervention has become a research hotspot in the global field of low back pain. Its advantages lie in using digital technology to remotely assess patients' conditions, provide exercise training guidance, and conduct health education, while also incorporating artificial intelligence algorithms to optimize treatment processes, improve medical standards, and help healthcare services break free from the geographical limitations of specific clinics and hospitals, thereby increasing the accessibility of healthcare resources and reducing social healthcare costs.

[0005] Therefore, based on medical needs and relying on cutting-edge technologies, building an intelligent rehabilitation and auxiliary diagnosis and treatment system suitable for people with low back pain in my country is an effective means to improve the standardization of low back pain rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment in my country, and is of great significance to improving the efficacy of low back pain rehabilitation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an ICF-based nonspecific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system and its working method, aiming to solve the following technical problems.

[0007] (1) Existing low back pain assessment systems mostly use experimental biomechanical analysis techniques to assess the shape, posture and range of motion of the lumbar spine for low back pain diagnosis. Their acceptability may be limited in remote clinical environments with weak medical infrastructure.

[0008] (2) Current evidence suggests that single imaging, kinematic, or kinetic data have low reliability and validity in predicting and diagnosing low back pain, and cannot meet the actual needs of low back pain patient assessment. Based on existing low back pain guidelines in various countries, a comprehensive assessment based on the ICF framework and meeting the five modules of structure, function, participation, environment, and individual is required. Single imaging or kinematic examinations only focus on the structural and functional levels of the assessment, lacking comprehensiveness.

[0009] (3) Most of the related products on the market are patient self-management systems, which can provide patients with management solutions for their back pain problems. However, this is only possible if the patient can clearly understand their back pain problem and its general cause, so that they can know the training direction they need. In fact, the causes of back pain are very complex. Without a clear diagnosis and assessment by a professional doctor, patients often cannot find the problem themselves, resulting in missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.

[0010] (4) Currently, most of the existing patient self-treatment systems focus on training exercises at home and do not involve patient education or self-management at home. This affects patients’ understanding of the disease and their compliance. High-quality research evidence shows that patients’ understanding of back pain can significantly affect their prognosis.

[0011] (5) Most existing intelligent tools for low back pain are standalone diagnostic or treatment modules, while actual clinical diagnosis and treatment of low back pain relies on the continuity of assessment and treatment. Existing integrated diagnosis and treatment systems rely solely on online human support and have failed to achieve integrated diagnosis and treatment based on the internal logic of the diagnosis and treatment system.

[0012] In the first aspect, this application provides a non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF, including a patient information module, a pain module, a medical history module, a scale module, a basic examination module, a special examination module, and a palpation module;

[0013] The patient information module is used to collect and input basic patient information, and to mark pain status on the body network diagram. It is then collected and organized under the GPT model to obtain basic forms, collect and manage patients' personal information, including but not limited to name, phone number, gender, reproductive history, age, occupation, etc., so as to better understand the patient's background and provide more personalized treatment suggestions.

[0014] The pain module is used to manage patients' pain symptoms. By marking or scribbling on the body grid, the system will automatically identify the location of the pain and suggest the corresponding pain category or structural name. The therapist enters the specific location and severity of the pain, and the system will record this information and continuously monitor changes in pain during subsequent follow-ups. At the same time, it will provide suggestions for lumbar spine functional tests based on factors that aggravate or reduce pain and 24-hour patterns.

[0015] The medical history module is responsible for taking patients' medical history, including but not limited to the onset time, pain intensity, pain nature, and pain source. By analyzing the medical history information, it assists therapists in developing more scientific and reasonable treatment plans.

[0016] The scale module is used to assess the risk of patients developing chronic nonspecific low back pain. Based on the results of the Startback scale, the risk assessment is performed on the patients. At the same time, the results of the ODI test are processed to screen out potential motor dysfunctions and provide a reference for subsequent treatment.

[0017] The basic examination module guides therapists to perform a series of basic examinations on patients according to the system's prompts, including but not limited to functional movement tests and lumbar spine physiological movement tests. After the examination results are entered into the system, the system will perform logical operations on the results. If the results meet the built-in rules, additional tests will be arranged to clarify the cause and mechanism of the abnormal signs.

[0018] The specialized examination module is responsible for screening for potential structural damage based on the results of targeted examinations of specific structures, thus aiding in the diagnosis of diseases. This helps to more accurately determine the patient's condition, thereby improving the targeted nature of treatment.

[0019] The palpation module is used to further examine the patient's lumbar spine area through the therapist's palpation to clarify physical signs.

[0020] Secondly, this application also provides a working method for an ICF-based nonspecific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: The module will collect information sequentially in a certain order, and the collection order cannot be reversed.

[0022] S2: After information collection is completed, data preprocessing will be performed within the module.

[0023] S3: Preprocessing

[0024] First, information is filtered. If it is identified as basic information, it is directly incorporated into the subsequent results integration.

[0025] If a potential contraindication risk is identified, the system will proceed to step S4.

[0026] If identified as a phased inspection result, this information will be directly / according to certain conditions proceed to step S5.

[0027] If the information is identified as requiring further logical operations, then step S6 will be performed on that information.

[0028] S4: Risk warning and referral recommendations;

[0029] S5: Report on the results of the interim inspection, which will be incorporated into the subsequent results integration;

[0030] S6: Temporary storage, awaiting use by subsequent modules; after all module information has been collected,

[0031] S7: Use a weighted algorithm to classify and determine the disease.

[0032] S8: After completing the collection and preprocessing of information from all modules, integrate and summarize the preprocessing results.

[0033] The results were classified into the following criteria for low back pain: low back pain with limited range of motion, low back pain with radiating pain, low back pain with referred pain, low back pain with motor coordination disorders, low back pain with generalized pain, and sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

[0034] The patient's basic information, interim examination results, and disease classification are reclassified using the ICF framework and entered into the data according to four dimensions: structure, function, participation, and psychosocial.

[0035] The pain module includes pain / symptom location, pain / symptom severity, pain nature, duration, pain baseline, 24-hour pattern, aggravating factors, and irritability.

[0036] The medical history module includes, but is not limited to, the following fields: period of pain, history of trauma, medication history, rehabilitation history, history of other injuries, and past medical history.

[0037] The scale module includes, but is not limited to, Startback scale score, prognosis, ODI scale score, and filtering for functional limitations.

[0038] The basic examination module includes, but is not limited to, assistive device use, basic posture observation, functional assessment, physiological movement testing, trunk strength testing, and lower limb strength testing.

[0039] Specialized examination modules include muscle length testing, nerve tension testing, and sacroiliac joint symmetry testing.

[0040] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium containing a program that executes the method steps of the second aspect, wherein the scales, fields, and standards in the module form a specific calculation process implemented by an algorithm.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application embodiment are as follows: it enables remote assessment of patients' conditions, guidance on exercise training, health education, and other health management through digital technology. At the same time, it can be combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to optimize the diagnosis and treatment process, improve the level of medical care, help medical and health services break free from the geographical limitations of specific clinics and hospitals, improve the accessibility of medical and health service resources, and reduce the social medical service costs. Therefore, based on medical needs and relying on cutting-edge technology, building an intelligent rehabilitation auxiliary diagnosis and treatment system suitable for people with low back pain in my country is an effective means to improve the standardization of low back pain rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment in my country, and is of great significance to improving the efficacy of low back pain rehabilitation. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a system workflow diagram provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a sequence diagram of the module data acquisition provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a patient information module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a pain module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the medical history module provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a scale module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the basic inspection module provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the basic inspection module provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0051] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0052] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0053] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0054] The basic framework of the ICF-based multi-module non-specific low back pain auxiliary diagnostic system is based on the standard clinical assessment process for physical therapy, which divides information collection into seven modules: patient information; pain; medical history; scales; basic examinations; special examinations; and palpation.

[0055] Because the information collected within each module has different diagnostic effects on patients, and the information in some modules is related to that in other modules, the diagnostic modules are not processed using a uniform workflow. Based on this actual clinical assessment need, this invention designs a nonspecific low back pain auxiliary diagnostic system using an architecture of preprocessing in each module followed by multi-module ICF integration. For better clarity, the numbers "0.1", "5.2", and "6.3" are used as step markers, detailing the disease determination process and the relationships between the various forms.

[0056] The overall process includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) 0.1: Each module will be in a certain order (see Figure 2 Information is collected sequentially, and the collection order cannot be reversed.

[0058] (2) 0.2: After the information collection is completed, data preprocessing will be carried out within the module.

[0059] (3) 0.3: Preprocessing first involves information screening. If identified as "basic information", this information will be directly integrated into subsequent results. If identified as "potential contraindication risk", the system will execute "0.4 risk warning and referral suggestion". If identified as "interim examination results", this information will be directly or according to certain conditions to "0.5 interim examination results report", and then enter into subsequent results integration. If identified as "information requiring further logical operation", this information will be additionally "0.6 temporarily stored, waiting for subsequent module calls". After all module information is collected, "0.7 use weighted algorithm to classify and judge the disease".

[0060] (4) 0.8: After completing the collection and preprocessing of all module information, the preprocessing results are integrated.

[0061] 1. The classification criteria for low back pain based on the results are as follows:

[0062] A. Lower back pain with limited range of motion: facet joints, uncovertebral joints, lumbar vertebrae, bones, sacroiliac joints

[0063] B. Low back pain with radiating pain: nerve roots, intervertebral foramen, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, sural nerve, blood vessels, intervertebral disc, piriformis muscle, spinal canal

[0064] C. Lower back pain with referred pain: dura mater, facet joints, uncovertebral joints, intervertebral discs

[0065] D. Low back pain accompanied by impaired motor coordination: paravertebral ligaments, superficial posterior ligaments of the spine, anterior ligaments, deep posterior ligaments of the spine, anterior muscle groups, small paravertebral muscle groups, back muscles, anterior thigh muscles, posterior thigh muscles, lateral thigh muscles.

[0066] E. Lower back pain accompanied by general body pain

[0067] F. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction: Sacroiliac joint

[0068] 2. The classification criteria for low back pain based on objective examination results are as follows:

[0069] i. Lower back pain accompanied by limited mobility: (Meeting both of the following criteria)

[0070] a) 2.1 Results do not include the lower limbs;

[0071] b) "5.12 Is there pain when flexing the trunk?"

[0072] "Is there any pain when extending the trunk on May 19th?"

[0073] "Did you experience pain during lateral trunk shifting on May 24th?"

[0074] "5.31 Is there pain when rotating the torso?"

[0075] "5.19 Is there pain when extending the trunk backward?"

[0076] "Is there pain during the 5.39 quadrant test?"

[0077] At least one abnormality

[0078] c) 7.1 At least one result is abnormal

[0079] A. Lower back pain with radiating pain: simultaneously meeting the following criteria

[0080] a)2.1 Results include lower extremities

[0081] b) At least one abnormality in 6.6-6.9

[0082] B. Lower back pain with referred pain:

[0083] a)2.1 Results include lower extremities

[0084] b) The result for "5.3 Whether the patient's standing position was skewed" was yes.

[0085] c) "Is there pain when extending the trunk on May 19th?" The result was yes.

[0086] C. Lower back pain accompanied by impaired motor coordination:

[0087] a) Abnormal trunk strength test results on May 41st

[0088] D. Lower back pain accompanied by general body pain

[0089] a) When “4.2 StarTback Disease Chronic Prognostic Assessment” is high-risk, this item prompts the therapist to independently determine whether the patient belongs to this category.

[0090] E. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction:

[0091] a) Three or more of the six questions from June 12 to June 17 are positive, or both questions on June 12 and June 15 are positive.

[0092] (5) 0.9: Based on the requirements of the ICF framework, the patient's basic information, interim examination results and disease classification are reclassified, and the patient is comprehensively diagnosed in four dimensions: structure, function, participation and psychosocial.

[0093] The above structure includes:

[0094] a. Use of assistive devices (Retrieve abnormal results from 5.1-5.2)

[0095] b. Observation of basic posture (retrieving abnormal results from 5.3-5.4)

[0096] c. Physiological exercise test (retrieve abnormal results from May 11-40)

[0097] d. Trunk strength test (retrieving abnormal results from 5.41)

[0098] e. Lower limb strength test (retrieve abnormal results from 5.42-5.45)

[0099] f. Muscle length examination (retrieve items from 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, and 6.3 that showed a "positive" result)

[0100] g. Nerve tension test (retrieved from the results of 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7, which were "positive")

[0101] h. Screening (retrieving items with "positive / yes" results from 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, and 6.15)

[0102] i. Palpation examination results (retrieve abnormal results from 7.1)

[0103] j. Stability results (retrieving anomalous results from 7.3)

[0104] The intersection of the following items includes functionality

[0105] a. Aggravating factors (Items whose results are "Yes" in 2.12; 2.14; 2.16; 2.18; 2.20)

[0106] b. Functional assessment (retrieving direct results from 5.5-5.10)

[0107] c. Filtering for Functional Restrictions (Retrieve 4.4)

[0108] Participants include the following roles

[0109] a. Occupation (Retrieve 1.8 and 1.9, and indicate the habitual posture in parentheses next to it, for example: Occupation: Teacher [Standing])

[0110] b. Home Structure (Retrieve 1.10 and 1.11, and add floor height information after "Yes / No", for example: via stairs: Yes [6th floor])

[0111] c. Caregiver (Retrieve 1.12, e.g.: Is there a caregiver: No)

[0112] d. Caring for others (Retrieve 1.13, e.g.: Need to care for others: Yes)

[0113] e. Exercise habits (retrieve 1.14, 1.15, for example: Exercise habit: is [Basketball])

[0114] The aforementioned social psychology includes:

[0115] a. Startback Scale score (retrieved from 4.1)

[0116] b. Prognostic information retrieval (retrieve from 4.2)

[0117] (6) 0.10: After the diagnosis is completed, the data is stored.

[0118] (7) 0.11: After storage, a report is generated on the data results.

[0119] The following is a description of the input information and preprocessing logic for each module:

[0120] The patient information module has the following workflow: Figure 3 As shown,

[0121] (I) Input

[0122] 1. Set up questions, allowing the system to obtain answers through therapist questioning, patient responses, and therapist manual input. Questions include name, contact number, gender and reproductive history, age, occupation and occupation-related specific body types, family situation, and exercise habits.

[0123] (II) Preprocessing

[0124] 1. All information in this module is categorized as basic information and requires no further processing.

[0125] (III) Preprocessing and Integration (Generating Module Reports)

[0126] 1. After completing the above steps, the module will finish running and generate a progress report.

[0127] 2. The report includes:

[0128] (1) Basic Information:

[0129] i. Name (Retrieved from 1.1)

[0130] ii. Contact phone number (retrieve from 1.2)

[0131] iii. Gender (Retrieve from 1.3; if the woman has a history of childbirth, retrieve from 1.4 and indicate it in parentheses. For example: Gender: Female [with a history of childbirth])

[0132] iv. Age (Retrieve 1.6 and 1.7 and indicate the age range in parentheses, for example: Age: 40 years old [middle age])

[0133] v. Occupation (Retrieve 1.8 and 1.9 and indicate the habitual posture in parentheses, for example: Occupation: Teacher [standing])

[0134] vi. Home Structure (Retrieve 1.10 and 1.11, and add floor height information after "Yes / No", for example: via stairs: Yes [6 floors])

[0135] vii. Caregiver (Retrieve 1.12, e.g.: Is there a caregiver: No)

[0136] viii. Taking care of others (Retrieved from 1.13, e.g.: Need to take care of others: Yes)

[0137] ix. Exercise Habits (Retrieve 1.14, 1.15, for example: Exercise Habits: is [Basketball])

[0138] (2) Potential contraindications: None

[0139] (3) Interim inspection results: None

[0140] (4) Information requiring further logical operations: None

[0141] Module Two: Pain Module, the process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown,

[0142] (I) Input

[0143] The input steps form the main part of the flowchart. Questions guide the examiner to collect pain information, and the examiner inputs the examination results after conducting the consultation.

[0144] 1. Location of pain

[0145] After the therapist completes the consultation with the patient, the patient can input information by checking or drawing squares on the body grid diagram. The system will then prompt the corresponding grid category or the name of the corresponding structure.

[0146] 2. Severity of pain

[0147] After the therapist explains the pain severity rating to the patient, the patient rates their pain severity by moving a slider on a visual color bar, thus inputting the severity information. The system records the corresponding position of the slider on the bar.

[0148] 3. Nature and depth of pain

[0149] The system guides therapists to conduct pain assessments on patients based on a set of questions that align with clinical consultation logic. After receiving the questions, therapists select options on their dashboard to complete the information input. Once pain information collection is complete, the process transitions to a 24-hour mode.

[0150] 4. 24-hour mode

[0151] The system guides therapists to collect data on how patients’ pain changes throughout the day using a set of questions. Therapists can record patient information by entering it into a therapist panel, with input methods including directional selection and numerical input.

[0152] 5. Aggravating factors

[0153] The section on aggravating factors guides therapists to collect information on aggravating factors by setting a set of questions based on postures that exacerbate the patient's pain. If the patient's pain worsens in a certain posture, the system automatically retrieves the set of follow-up questions; if no such posture exacerbates the pain, the process proceeds to the next step.

[0154] (II) Preprocessing

[0155] 1. Risk warning and referral recommendations corresponding to 0.4: Risk warning will be issued when the following conditions are met.

[0156] (1) 2.4 Pain / symptoms: Is there a throbbing or pulsating sensation? - Result: Yes

[0157] (2) 2.13.4 What kind of sleeping posture is preferred? - Result: D

[0158] 2. Report corresponding to the 0.5 stage inspection results:

[0159] (1) Irritability calculation: retrieve the pain score in 2.2, the 24-hour pain pattern in 2.9, and the duration of pain in 2.8 from the process, and calculate the patient's irritability level (low, medium, high) according to the rules (if VAS ≥ 7 / 10 and there is persistent nocturnal pain, it is high irritability; if VAS = 4-6 / 10 and there is no persistent nocturnal pain, it is medium irritability; if VAS ≤ 3 / 10 and there is no nocturnal pain, it is low irritability).

[0160] (2) Persistence of pain (see 2.8-2.11): Based on the question: Is the pain persistent? Make an initial judgment on the possibility of damage to the patient's structure. If the result is no, ask follow-up questions "2.10 Frequency of pain" and "2.11 Duration of each episode", and integrate the two items into the pain baseline.

[0161] 3. Corresponding to 0.6 temporary storage, awaiting calls from subsequent modules.

[0162] (1) Pain nature and depth (see 2.5-2.7): Based on two questions, “Is your pain / symptom sharp?” and “Can you press / feel your pain with one finger?”, a preliminary judgment is made on the possibility of structural damage to the patient. There are four possible answers to the two questions, each corresponding to a set of potential structural damages. The possibility of the damage is stored for further calculation later.

[0163] (2) 2.9 The 24-hour pattern of pain is based on the question "When are the symptoms most obvious during the day?" to make a preliminary judgment on the possibility of structural damage to the patient. The answers include "morning stiffness with pain", "night pain", and "mild in the morning and severe in the evening". There are three possible answers, and each possibility corresponds to a set of potential structural damages. The possibility of the damage is stored and awaits further calculation.

[0164] (3) Aggravating factors (see 2.12; 2.14; 2.16; 2.18; 2.20): Based on asking whether there is pain under multiple activities, when the answer to the question is "yes", the corresponding questionnaire filling or judgment process needs to be carried out (see 2.13; 2.15; 2.17; 2.19; and process 2.21-2.13). According to the answers corresponding to the questionnaire options, the possibility of the corresponding potential structural damage is increased, and the possibility of the damage is stored for further call and calculation later.

[0165] (III) Preprocessing and Integration (Generating Module Reports)

[0166] 1. After completing the above steps, the module will finish running and generate a progress report.

[0167] 2. The report includes:

[0168] (1) Basic information: None

[0169] (2) Potential contraindications:

[0170] i. If condition 2.4 is met, and the result is "Yes", the message is: "Vascular risk".

[0171] ii.2.13.4 A result of "D" indicates: "Vascular risk"

[0172] (3) Interim inspection results:

[0173] i. Location of pain / symptom (Retrieved from 2.1, presented as a body diagram, with colored squares indicating the location and area of ​​pain. A description of the area is also provided, including four keywords: location (lower back / abdomen / thigh / calf); front / back / side; medial / lateral (bounded by the mid-clavicular line / mid-scapular line); and the area between the two key points.)

[0174] ii. Pain / symptom severity (retrieved from 2.2)

[0175] iii. Nature of pain (direct results from 2.3; 2.5; 2.6 / 2.7)

[0176] iv. Persistence (Retrieved 2.8)

[0177] v. Baseline pain (retrieved from 2.10; 2.11)

[0178] vi. 24-hour mode (retrieves the direct result of version 2.9)

[0179] vii. Aggravating factors (retrieved items whose results were "yes" in 2.12; 2.14; 2.16; 2.18; 2.20)

[0180] viii. Irritability (obtained from calculations in 2.2, 2.8, and 2.9)

[0181] (4) Information requiring further logical operations:

[0182] The results of operations i.2.6 and 2.7, i.e., the possibilities of the structure.

[0183] The result of the operation in ii.2.9, i.e., the possibility of the structure.

[0184] The results of the operations in iii.2.12; 2.14; 2.16; 2.18; 2.20, i.e., the possibilities of the structure.

[0185] Module 3: Medical History Module, the workflow is as follows: Figure 5 As shown,

[0186] (I) Input

[0187] 1. Set up questions, and the system obtains answers through therapist questioning, patient response, and therapist manual input. Questions include 3.1-3.2 time of pain onset, 3.3-3.5 history of trauma, 3.6-3.8 history of surgery, 3.9 history of medication, 3.11-3.15 history of rehabilitation, 3.16 red flag sign, 3.17-3.22 past medical history and related sub-questions.

[0188] (II) Preprocessing

[0189] 1. Reporting of interim examination results corresponding to 0.5: The duration of pain is calculated based on the difference between the time of onset of the patient's pain and the date of the test. The pain is grouped and stored according to acute (<4 weeks), subacute (1 month to 3 months), and chronic (>3 months).

[0190] (III) Preprocessing and Integration (Generating Module Reports)

[0191] 1. After completing the above steps, the module will finish running and generate a progress report.

[0192] 2. The report includes:

[0193] (1) Basic information: None

[0194] (2) Potential contraindications:

[0195] i. If the result for "3.16 Has any of the following occurred during the disease development process?" is yes, it suggests "severe lumbar neuropathy".

[0196] ii. However, if the condition meets the criteria in section 3.21, "Does the patient have any of the following diseases?", and the result is yes, it suggests "potential high-risk diseases in other systems".

[0197] (3) Interim inspection results:

[0198] i. Period of pain (Refer to 3.1, 3.2, for example: Period of pain: 1 week ago, acute)

[0199] ii. History of trauma (Retrieve 3.3-3.6, show the specific form of injury, and indicate the injured structure in parentheses, for example: History of trauma: hit by external force, damaged structure: bone, whether surgery was required: no)

[0200] iii. Medication history (retrieve 3.9, 3.10)

[0201] iv. Rehabilitation history (retrieve direct results from March 11-15)

[0202] v. Other history of injury (retrieved from March 17-19)

[0203] vi. Past history (retrieve 3.20)

[0204] (4) Information requiring further logical operations:

[0205] i. If the result of 3.3 is yes, store the result of check 3.5.

[0206] ii. If the result of 3.17 is yes, store the results of 3.18-3.19.

[0207] Scale module (see process) Figure 6 )

[0208] (I) Input

[0209] 1. The therapist follows Figure 6 The process involves questioning and collecting information from patients.

[0210] 2. Input the patient's answers into the corresponding questions, which are then converted into corresponding scores by the software and stored.

[0211] (II) Preprocessing

[0212] 1. Reporting of the 0.5 stage examination results: The results of the StarTback scale are processed as follows to determine the risk of the patient developing chronic nonspecific low back pain: (When the total score is ≤3, it is low risk; when the total score is ≥4 and the score of items 5-9 is ≤3, it is medium risk; when the total score is ≥4 and the score of items 5-9 is >3, it is high risk)

[0213] 2. Corresponding to 0.6 temporary storage, awaiting subsequent module calls: Summarize the items that did not achieve full marks in items 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the ODI test, and store them for subsequent evaluation modules.

[0214] (III) Preprocessing and Integration (Generating Module Reports)

[0215] (1) Basic information: None

[0216] (2) Potential contraindications: None

[0217] (3) Interim inspection results:

[0218] i. Startback Scale score (retrieved from 4.1)

[0219] ii. Prognostic information retrieval (retrieve 4.2)

[0220] iii. ODI scale score (retrieved from 4.3)

[0221] iv. Filtering for Functional Restrictions (Retrieve 4.4)

[0222] (4) Information requiring further logical operations: None

[0223] Basic inspection module, as shown Figure 7 .

[0224] (I) Input

[0225] 1. Set up questions, and have the system obtain answers through therapist questioning, patient response, and therapist manual input. The questions include 5.1-5.2 Assistive device use, 5.3-5.4 Basic posture observation, 5.5-5.10 Functional assessment, 5.11-5.40 Physiological movement testing, 5.41 Trunk strength testing, and 5.42-5.45 Lower limb strength testing.

[0226] (II) Preprocessing

[0227] 1. Corresponding to risk warning and referral suggestions for 0.4: When 5.39 is executed and the result is negative, set a reminder: potential other diseases.

[0228] 2. Corresponding to the report of the phased inspection results in section 0.5: 5.7 The content of the functional activity inspection depends on modules two and four, and the process is as follows: Read module two:

[0229] Pain module (see process) Figure 4 The items with a result of "Yes" in sections 2.12, 2.14, 2.16, 2.18, and 2.20, as well as those from module four:

[0230] Scale module (see process) Figure 6 The results of the functional limitation screening in section 4.4 are used as the union of two items, which are used as the inspection items in section 5.7. Each item must complete the full evaluation from 5.7 to 5.10. For items with a result of "yes" in 5.10, a reminder of "this posture needs to be adjusted" is added in the preprocessing integration.

[0231] 3. Corresponding to 0.6 temporary storage, awaiting calls from subsequent modules.

[0232] (1) In the trunk flexion test (5.11-5.17), when the answer to "Is there pain during trunk flexion?" is "yes", the answer to "At which stage of bending is the pain?" is "5.14". There are two possible answers: "at the end" and "during the movement". Each possibility corresponds to a set of potential structural injuries. The possibility of such injury is stored and awaited for further calculation.

[0233] (2) In the trunk extension test (5.18-5.22), when the answer to "Is there pain during trunk extension?" in question 5.19 is "yes", and the answer to "At which stage of extension is the pain?" in question 5.21 is "at the end" or "during the movement", there are two possible answers: "end" and "during the movement". Each possibility corresponds to a set of potential structural damages. The possibility of such damage is stored and awaits further calculation in the future.

[0234] (3) In the trunk flexion test from 5.23 to 5.29, when the answer to "Is there pain during trunk lateral shift on 5.24?" is "yes", the answer to "At which stage of lateral shift is the pain on 5.26?" is "at the end" and "during the shift". Each possibility corresponds to a set of potential structural damages. The possibility of such damage is stored and awaited for further calculation.

[0235] (4) In the trunk flexion test from 5.31 to 5.26, when the answer to "Is there pain during trunk rotation?" in 5.31 is "yes", and the answer to "At which stage of rotation is the pain?" in 5.33 is "at the end" and "during the movement", there are two possible answers, each corresponding to a set of potential structural injuries. The possible injuries are stored for further calculation later.

[0236] (5) If the results for “5.12 Is there pain during trunk flexion?”, “5.19 Is there pain during trunk extension?”, “5.24 Is there pain during trunk lateral shift?”, and “5.31 Is there pain during trunk rotation?” are all “No”, proceed to “5.38 Quadrant Test” and its sub-procedures.

[0237] (III) Preprocessing and Integration (Generating Module Reports)

[0238] (1) Basic information: None

[0239] (2) Potential contraindications:

[0240] If step 5.39 is executed and the result is negative, set a reminder: "Potential other diseases".

[0241] (3) Interim inspection results:

[0242] Assistive device use (direct results from 5.1-5.2)

[0243] Basic posture observation (direct results from 5.3-5.4)

[0244] Functional assessment (retrieving direct results from 5.5-5.10)

[0245] Physiological and motor test (direct results retrieved from May 11-40)

[0246] Trunk strength test (direct results retrieved from 5.41)

[0247] Lower limb strength test (retrieved direct results from 5.42-5.45)

[0248] (4) Information requiring further logical operations:

[0249] The calculation results of 5.14; 5.21; 5.26; 5.38, and the possibilities of the structure.

[0250] Module Six: Special Inspection Module, such as Figure 7 As shown,

[0251] The Special Examination module corresponds to the "Objective Examination" in the SOAP workflow. It helps therapists understand the patient's physical structure information, enabling more accurate diagnosis, monitoring of symptom progression, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. It provides therapists with strong evidence and guidance. The Special Examination module includes the following three steps:

[0252] (a) Input

[0253] 1. Special examinations guide therapists in collecting objective data through a question-based workflow. The questions are set according to the order of commonly used clinical examinations. After completing the special examinations according to the guidance, the therapist inputs the results, and the system automatically generates the next examination item. The examinations that should be entered include "muscle length", "nerve examination" and "screening".

[0254] 2. Information collection sequence

[0255] (1) After completing the input of muscle length test data, the process automatically retrieves the subjective data of the “Pain / Symptom Location” module. If there are lower limb / buttock symptoms, the process continues to perform muscle length test that may cause lower limb / buttock symptoms. After inputting the test result data, the process proceeds to the next neurological examination step (jump to 6.6). If the process retrieves the result as “No”, the process jumps directly to the screening item (jump to 6.9).

[0256] (2) The neurological examination is based on the data retrieved from “2.1 Pain / Symptom Location”. If no relevant symptoms are found, the neurological examination is skipped.

[0257] (3) When screening is performed, the process retrieves the subjective data from the “Pain / Symptom Location” module and performs a weighted calculation to determine whether the patient has symptoms in the sacroiliac region. The calculation rule is: if “2.1 Symptom Pain / Symptom Location” does not include sacroiliac joint / subjective consultation [structure] sacroiliac joint < 2, then the option “whether to perform sacroiliac joint screening” is provided; otherwise, the screening is skipped (items 6.9 to 6.18).

[0258] (ii) Pretreatment

[0259] 1. Report corresponding to the 0.5 phase inspection results

[0260] (1) Summary of sacroiliac joint screening: If the therapist performs the screening test, after the test is completed, retrieve the results of items 6.12 to 6.17. If 3 or more of the 6 questions from 6.12 to 6.17 are positive, or if both questions 6.12 and 6.15 are positive, it indicates sacroiliac joint disorder; otherwise, further check the symmetry and save the results.

[0261] (III) Output of Interim Results

[0262] 1. After completing the above steps, the module will finish running and generate a progress report.

[0263] 2. The report includes:

[0264] (1) Basic information: None

[0265] (2) Potential contraindications: None

[0266] (3) Interim inspection results (only the saved inspection results are output):

[0267] ix. Muscle length examination (retrieve items from 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, and 6.3 that showed a "positive" result)

[0268] x. Nerve tension test (retrieved from the results of 6.5, 6.6, and 6.7, which were "positive")

[0269] xi. Screening (retrieve items with "positive / yes" results from 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, and 6.15)

[0270] xii. Sacroiliac joint symmetry (obtained from the calculation and input in 6.16)

[0271] (4) Information requiring further logical operations: None

[0272] Module Seven: Palpation, such as Figure 8 As shown, palpation is a method used by therapists to assess the condition by touching the area being examined. After completing the aforementioned lumbar spine examination, the therapist performs further palpation on the structures in the lumbar region to further clarify physical signs. The palpation examination module mainly includes the following steps:

[0273] (a) Input

[0274] The input steps form the main part of the flowchart, guiding therapists through palpation examinations via a question-and-answer format. The palpation questions are set according to the commonly used sequence of clinical palpation. After completing the palpation examination as instructed, the therapist inputs the results, and the system automatically generates the next examination item.

[0275] (ii) Pretreatment

[0276] 1. If no abnormalities are found during the check, proceed to the next step until the module process ends.

[0277] 2. For abnormal signs selected by the therapist on the examination panel, the system automatically retrieves the process information database to interpret the structural and functional problems reflected by the abnormal signs.

[0278] 3. The system automatically performs logical operations on the input results of the inspection items. If they conform to the built-in rules of the process, additional tests are performed on the inspection items to clarify the cause and mechanism of the abnormal signs. Redundant additional tests are avoided by performing operations on the data of the previous level of problems.

[0279] (III) Output of Interim Results

[0280] (1) Basic information: None

[0281] (2) Potential contraindications: None

[0282] (3) Interim inspection results (only the saved inspection results are output):

[0283] i. Results of palpation examination (retrieved from the direct results of 7.1)

[0284] ii. Results of stability (direct results from 7.3)

[0285] (4) Information requiring further logical operations: None

[0286] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0287] This application also provides a network device, which includes: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0288] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A nonspecific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF, characterized in that: It includes modules for patient information, pain, medical history, scales, basic examinations, special examinations, and palpation. The patient information module is used to collect and input basic patient information, mark pain status on the body network diagram, collect and organize basic forms under the GPT big model, collect and manage patients' personal information, including but not limited to name, telephone number, gender, reproductive history, age and occupation, to understand the patient's background and thus provide personalized treatment suggestions; The pain module is used to manage patients' pain symptoms. By marking or scribbling on the body grid, the system will automatically identify the location of the pain and suggest the corresponding pain category or structural name. The therapist enters the specific location and severity of the pain, and the system will record the above information and continuously monitor changes in pain during subsequent follow-ups. At the same time, it will provide suggestions for lumbar spine functional tests based on factors that aggravate or reduce pain and 24-hour patterns. The medical history module is responsible for taking the patient's medical history, including but not limited to the onset time, pain intensity, pain nature and pain source. By analyzing the medical history information, it assists therapists in developing a more scientific and reasonable treatment plan. The scale module is used to assess the risk of patients developing chronic nonspecific low back pain. Based on the results of the Startback scale, the risk assessment of patients is carried out, and the results of the ODI test are processed to screen out potential motor dysfunctions, providing a reference basis for subsequent treatment. The basic examination module guides therapists to perform basic examinations on patients according to the system's prompts, including but not limited to functional movement tests and lumbar spine physiological movement tests. After these examination results are entered into the system, the system will perform logical operations on the results. If the results meet the built-in rules, additional tests will be arranged to clarify the cause and mechanism of the abnormal signs. The special examination module is responsible for assisting in the diagnosis of diseases based on special examination results, so as to accurately determine the patient's condition and the appropriateness of treatment; The palpation module is used to further examine the patient's lumbar spine area through the therapist's palpation to clarify physical signs.

2. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The module will collect information sequentially in a certain order, and the collection order cannot be reversed. S2: After information collection is completed, data preprocessing will be performed within the module. S3: Preprocessing First, information is filtered. If it is identified as basic information, it is directly incorporated into the subsequent results integration. If a potential contraindication risk is identified, the system will proceed to step S4. If identified as a phased inspection result, this information will be directly / according to certain conditions proceed to step S5. If the information is identified as requiring further logical operations, then step S6 will be performed on that information. S4: Risk warning and referral recommendations; S5: Report on the results of the interim inspection, which will be incorporated into the subsequent results integration; S6: Temporary storage, awaiting use by subsequent modules; after all module information has been collected, S7: Use a weighted algorithm to classify and determine the disease. S8: After completing the collection and preprocessing of information from all modules, integrate and summarize the preprocessing results.

3. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The results were classified into the following criteria for low back pain: low back pain with limited range of motion, low back pain with radiating pain, low back pain with referred pain, low back pain with motor coordination disorders, low back pain with generalized pain, and sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

4. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that: it consists of... The ICF framework reclassifies patients' basic information, interim test results, and disease classifications, and records them according to four dimensions: structure, function, participation, and psychosocial.

5. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The pain module includes pain / symptom location, pain / symptom severity, pain nature, duration, pain baseline, 24-hour pattern, aggravating factors, and irritability.

6. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The medical history module includes, but is not limited to, the following fields: period of pain, history of trauma, medication history, rehabilitation history, history of other injuries, and past medical history.

7. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The scale module includes, but is not limited to, Startback scale score, prognosis, ODI scale score, and filtering for functional limitations.

8. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The basic examination module includes, but is not limited to, assistive device use, basic posture observation, functional assessment, physiological movement testing, trunk strength testing, and lower limb strength testing.

9. The working method of the non-specific low back pain diagnosis and treatment auxiliary system based on ICF as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Specialized examination modules include muscle length testing, nerve tension testing, and sacroiliac joint symmetry testing.

10. A computer-readable storage medium containing a program, characterized in that... The method steps described in claims 2-9 are performed, and the scales, fields, and standards in the module form a specific calculation process implemented by an algorithm.

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