Electrically-driven pneumatic type small-particle-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrically-driven pneumatic type small-particle-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder, belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery, and aims to solve the problems of low seeding precision, poor seeding depth stability, low fertilizer utilization rate and high operation power consumption of small-particle-size seeds. The machine comprises a main rack, and a strip-shaped rotary tillage part, a side deep application and fertilizer discharge part, a front pressing overall profiling part, an electric pneumatic type precision seed discharge part, a monomer profiling ditching and seeding part and a rear pressing part which are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction, the soil breaking rate and power consumption are reduced through strip-shaped rotary tillage, seed and fertilizer isolation and synergism are achieved through row inner side deep application, the seeding depth is stabilized through overall and single body two-stage profiling matching front and back double pressing, and precise seeding is achieved through an electrically-driven pneumatic type centralized seeding device. The small-particle-size seed no-tillage precision seeder can realize no-tillage precision seeding of small-particle-size seeds such as sesame, pepper and millet, is stable in seeding depth and low in power consumption, can reduce the seed breakage rate, and remarkably improves the seeding precision, the seedling emergence consistency and the fertilizer utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery seeding technology, and in particular to an electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder suitable for small-diameter seeds such as sesame, chili peppers, and millet. Background Technology

[0002] Sesame, chili peppers, millet, and other small-grain oilseeds, vegetables, and miscellaneous grains are widely cultivated and in high market demand, making mechanized sowing a core aspect of crop cultivation. However, these crops have small seed diameters and require shallow sowing depths, placing extremely high demands on the precision of sowing rate and the stability of sowing depth. Existing sowing equipment is insufficient to meet their precision sowing needs.

[0003] Existing small-diameter seed planters are mainly divided into two categories: one is small self-propelled planters, which usually only have a single sowing function and do not have the ability to simultaneously tillage and fertilize, resulting in multiple operation steps and low efficiency; the other is medium-sized suspended planters, which often integrate fertilization and sowing devices into traditional whole-field rotary tillers. During operation, fertilizer is first spread on the untilled surface, and then the whole-field rotary tillage mixes the fertilizer with the soil throughout the entire field. This results in problems such as high soil disturbance rate, high power consumption, serious fertilizer volatilization and loss, and low utilization rate. At the same time, the soil compaction is poor after whole-field rotary tillage, making it difficult to stably control the sowing depth, which easily leads to inconsistent sowing depth, missed sowing and double sowing, and uneven emergence, seriously affecting the yield and quality of small-diameter crops.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is currently a lack of a combined seeder capable of simultaneously performing strip no-till operations, lateral deep application of seeds and fertilizers, stable control of sowing depth, and precision seeding of small-diameter seeds. This makes it impossible to meet the mechanization needs of large-scale, standardized planting of small-diameter crops. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds. This seeder can simultaneously complete the entire process of strip rotary tillage, lateral deep fertilization, pre-sowing compaction, precision sowing, and post-sowing covering and compaction, achieving no-till precision sowing of small-diameter seeds. It also effectively reduces power consumption, improves fertilizer utilization, stably controls sowing depth, and enhances sowing accuracy and seedling uniformity.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds includes a main frame, on which, from front to back along the direction of travel of the seeder, are arranged a strip rotary tillage component, a fertilizer discharge component, a front compaction assembly, a pneumatic combined drum type precision seed collector and discharge device for small-diameter seeds, a seed furrow contouring assembly, and a rear compaction assembly. The front end of the main frame is provided with a traction attachment structure for attachment to power machinery; The strip rotary tillage component is rotatably installed at the lower front end of the main frame and is used to perform strip rotary tillage and soil breaking operations on the planting strip corresponding to the sowing row. The fertilizer discharge component is fixedly installed on the main frame and located behind the strip rotary tillage component, and is used to apply fertilizer to the inner side of the planting strip after rotary tillage. The front compaction assembly is attached to the rear end of the main frame via the overall contour adjustment mechanism. The front compaction assembly includes a contour hanging beam, a front compaction wheel, and a seed metering device mounting bracket. The front compaction wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the contour hanging beam and is used to compact and level the planting strip after rotary tillage and fertilization before sowing. The seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed to the upper part of the contour hanging beam. The pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision seed collection and metering device is fixedly installed on the seed metering device mounting bracket and is used for precision quantitative seed metering of small-diameter seeds. The seed furrow shaping assembly includes at least one set of seed furrow opening devices. Each set of seed furrow opening devices is attached to the shaping hook beam via a parallelogram shaping mechanism. The seed furrow opening device includes a double-disc furrow opener and a seed discharge guide. The upper end of the seed discharge guide is connected to the seed guide port of the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharge device. The lower end of the seed discharge guide extends to the seed furrow forming area of ​​the double-disc furrow opener, which is used to accurately transport the seeds discharged by the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharge device into the seed furrow. The rear compaction assembly corresponds one-to-one with the seed furrow opening device. The rear compaction assembly is fixedly installed at the tail of the corresponding seed furrow opening device and located behind the double-disc furrow opener. It is used to compact the seed furrow after sowing.

[0007] Furthermore, the strip-shaped rotary tiller component includes a gearbox, a rotary tiller shaft, multiple sets of rotary tiller blades, a rotary tiller protective cover, and a front mounting bracket. The front mounting bracket is bolted to the upper front end of the main frame, and the gearbox is bolted to the middle of the front mounting bracket. The power input end of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor via a universal joint drive shaft to receive power from the tractor and to achieve power reduction, reversal, and speed adjustment. The power output end of the gearbox is connected to the rotary tiller shaft via a spline drive. The rotary tiller shaft is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the rotary tiller protective cover via bearing seats, and the axial direction of the rotary tiller shaft is perpendicular to the direction of the implement's travel. Multiple sets of rotary tiller blades are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the rotary tiller shaft. Each set of rotary tiller blades corresponds one-to-one with the planting strip position of a seed row. Each set of rotary tiller blades includes two cutter discs coaxially mounted on the rotary tiller shaft and multiple rotary tiller blades. The cutter discs are welded and fixed to the rotary tiller shaft. The multiple rotary tiller blades are evenly and alternately arranged along the circumference of the cutter discs. The rotary tiller blades adopt a curved blade structure to efficiently complete soil cutting and pulverizing operations. A front plow is installed on the main frame and in front of the gearbox.

[0008] Furthermore, the fertilizer discharging component includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer shovel fixing bracket, clamps, a fertilizer discharging pipe, and a fertilizer shovel. The fertilizer shovel fixing bracket is fixedly installed on the upper part of the main frame by bolts and is located behind the strip rotary tiller. The bottom of the fertilizer box is installed on the main frame by a fertilizer box bracket. The fertilizer box is a sealed box with a lid on the top, and the inside is used to hold fertilizer. The bottom of the fertilizer box is provided with a discharge port that matches the number of planting rows. Each discharge port is equipped with a fertilizer dispenser. The fertilizer dispenser adopts a grooved wheel type fertilizer dispenser, and its drive end is connected to a fertilizer discharging drive motor to realize quantitative fertilizer discharging. The lower discharge port of each fertilizer applicator is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer applicator pipe via a clamp, and the lower end of the fertilizer applicator pipe is connected to the fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer shovel. The fertilizer shovel is fixedly installed on the rear beam at the bottom of the main frame with U-bolts. The fertilizer shovel corresponds to the sowing row one by one, and the shovel body of each fertilizer shovel is located in the middle of the corresponding sowing row.

[0009] Furthermore, the front compaction assembly is attached to the rear end of the main frame via an overall contour adjustment mechanism, including two mounting plates, two contour mounting beams, a contour fixing frame, multiple sets of overall contour adjustment plates, a seed metering device mounting bracket, a front compaction wheel, a soil scraper bracket, and a soil scraper. The two contour mounting beams are arranged in the left and right directions and are spaced apart front and back. The two mounting plates are respectively located at the left and right ends of the two contour mounting beams. The front end of the overall contour adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the rear end of the main frame with bolts, and the rear end of the overall contour adjustment plate is connected to the front contour mounting beam through the contour fixing frame. Multiple sets of adjustment holes are equally spaced along the vertical direction on the fertilizer box bracket. The middle part of the overall contour adjustment plate is connected to the holes on the fertilizer box bracket with bolts. By changing the holes connected to the fertilizer box bracket, the vertical height of the contour mounting beam can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the working height of the front compaction wheel and realizing the uniform adjustment of the seeding depth benchmark of the whole machine. The contour-following fixing frame is installed on the contour-following hanging beam by U-bolts. The front pressing wheel is rotatably installed between the two hanging baffles via the front pressing wheel shaft and the seated bearing. The number of front pressing wheels is equal to that of the cutter disc and they correspond one-to-one. The upper end of the soil scraping bracket is fixed to the contour-following hanging beam on the rear side. The soil scraping blade is fixed to the lower end of the soil scraping bracket by bolts. The front side of the soil scraping blade is in close contact with the rear lower wheel surface of the front pressing wheel. The seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed to the upper part of the contour-following hanging beam by bolts and is used to install and fix the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision metering device.

[0010] Furthermore, the seed furrow contouring assembly includes multiple sets of seed furrowing devices, which are the same number as the number of seed rows. Each set of seed furrowing devices is attached to a single mounting bracket via a parallelogram contouring mechanism. Each seed furrow opening device includes a double-disc furrow opener, a double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket, a double-disc furrow opener arc baffle, and a seed dispensing guide. The double-disc furrow opener consists of two symmetrically arranged inclined discs, which are rotatably mounted on the lower part of the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket via a double-disc shaft and bearings. The lower edges of the two discs fit together to form a V-shaped seed furrow forming area, which can open regular seed furrows on the compacted seed bed during operation. The arc baffle of the double-disc furrow opener is fixedly installed on both sides of the double-disc furrow opener to prevent soil from entering the discs. The seed dispensing guide is fixedly installed between the two discs. The upper end of the seed dispensing guide is connected to the outlet of the Venturi air-pumped seed conveying device through a flexible seed guide tube, and the lower end of the seed dispensing guide extends to the bottom of the seed furrow forming area of ​​the double-disc furrow opener, which can accurately deliver seeds to the bottom of the seed furrow to ensure consistent sowing depth.

[0011] Furthermore, the quadrilateral contouring mechanism includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, an adjusting spring, and a single mounting bracket. The front end of the single mounting bracket is fixedly connected to a contouring hook beam on the rear side. The front ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the upper and lower parts of the rear end of the contouring hook beam via hinge bolts. The rear ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener via a single contouring connecting shaft, forming a parallelogram connecting rod structure. This ensures that the single mounting bracket remains vertical during the contouring process, thereby ensuring that the furrowing depth of the double-disc furrow opener remains consistent. The adjusting spring is inclined with a lower front and a higher rear. The two ends of the adjusting spring are respectively connected to the upper part of the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener and the front side of the lower connecting rod. This provides downward contouring pressure and buffer for the contouring of the furrowing device, allowing the double-disc furrow opener to always conform to the ground and adapt to local undulations in the field.

[0012] Furthermore, the rear compaction assembly corresponds one-to-one with the seed furrowing device. Each rear compaction assembly includes a rear compaction wheel, a rear compaction wheel bracket, and a rear compaction wheel shaft. The front end of the rear compaction wheel bracket is hinged to the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener of the corresponding seed furrowing device. The hinge point is located between the upper and lower connecting rods. The rear compaction wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the rear compaction wheel bracket through the rear compaction wheel shaft and the seated bearing.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages by adopting the above technical solution: (1) The present invention adopts a strip rotary tillage operation mode, which only performs local rotary tillage and soil breaking on the planting strip corresponding to the sowing row, without the need for full field rotary tillage, which greatly reduces the soil disturbance area and the power consumption of machinery operation, while preserving the uncultivated surface between the planting strips, reducing soil moisture loss, and meeting the no-till agronomic requirements of conservation tillage.

[0014] (2) The present invention adopts a deep fertilization structure with the fertilization shovel set inside the sowing row. The fertilization depth is greater than the sowing depth, which realizes the horizontal and vertical double isolation between fertilizer and seeds. This avoids the problem of seed burning caused by direct contact between seeds and fertilizer, and realizes deep application of fertilizer, greatly reducing fertilizer volatilization and loss, and significantly improving fertilizer utilization.

[0015] (3) The present invention constructs a two-level sowing depth control system of "overall contouring + individual contouring". The overall contouring adjustment mechanism of the front pressing assembly realizes the unified adjustment of the sowing depth benchmark of the whole machine. The parallelogram contouring mechanism of each sowing furrow device realizes the independent contouring between rows. Combined with the double pressing structure before and after sowing, it can always maintain the uniformity of sowing depth under uneven field conditions, and completely solves the industry pain point of shallow sowing depth and difficulty in controlling sowing depth for small-diameter seeds.

[0016] (4) The present invention adopts an electric-driven pneumatic combined roller precision seed metering device. Through negative pressure adsorption for seed filling, positive pressure airflow for seed cleaning, and positive pressure non-contact seed unloading, combined with the precise speed control of the electric-driven roller, it can realize single or fixed number precision seed metering of small-diameter seeds. Compared with the traditional external groove wheel seed metering device, it greatly improves the seed metering accuracy and significantly reduces the seed breakage rate. Combined with the Venturi air delivery seed guiding structure, it can ensure the consistency of seeding amount in each row and avoid missed seeding and reseeding.

[0017] (5) This invention integrates the functions of strip rotary tillage, lateral deep fertilization, pre-sowing compaction, precision seeding, furrow sowing, and post-sowing covering and compaction. It can complete the entire process of no-till sowing of small-diameter seeds in one operation, greatly reducing the number of operations and improving planting efficiency. It is suitable for the large-scale and standardized planting needs of various small-diameter crops such as sesame, pepper, and millet.

[0018] (6) The present invention adopts an electric drive control scheme. The electric control assembly adjusts the speed of the seeding and fertilizer dispensing motors in real time according to the machine's travel speed, so as to achieve variable precision seeding and fertilizer dispensing, which is not affected by the fluctuation of the machine's travel speed. This further improves the stability and accuracy of sowing and fertilization, while simplifying the machine's transmission structure and reducing the failure rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the agronomic operation of strip rotary tillage and lateral deep fertilization according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the strip rotary tillage component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process timing of the component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer discharge component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall contouring and individual contouring structures in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the combined front and rear pressing structure in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front press assembly in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the post-pressing assembly in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the seed trench contouring assembly in this invention.

[0020] The component names marked in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Fertilizer discharge component, 11-Fertilizer box, 12-Fertilizer discharge device, 13-Rear beam, 14-Baffle, 15-Fertilizer shovel, 16-Fertilizer box bracket, 17-Rotary tillage cover, 18-Front beam, 2-Pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharge device, 3-Front compactor assembly, 31-Hanging baffle, 32-Following hanging beam, 33-Following fixing frame, 34-Overall following contour adjustment plate, 35-Seed metering device mounting bracket, 36-Front compactor wheel, 37-Soil scraper bracket, 38-Soil scraper, 4-Seed furrow following contour assembly, 41-Parallelogram following mechanism, 411- 412-Adjusting spring, 413-Single contour connecting shaft, 42-Single mounting bracket, 43-Seed metering guide tube, 44-Double disc furrow opener fixing bracket, 45-Double disc furrow opener arc baffle, 46-Double disc furrow opener, 5-Rear compactor assembly, 51-Rear compactor wheel, 52-Rear compactor wheel bracket, 53-Rear compactor wheel axle, 6-Strip rotary tiller component, 61-Front mounting bracket, 62-Gearbox, 63-Rotary tiller side baffle, 64-Rotary tiller outer baffle, 65-Rotary tiller blade, 66-Cutter disc, 67-Rotary tiller blade shaft, 68-Front plow. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] The electrically driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds disclosed in this embodiment has the following overall structure: Figures 1-10 As shown, it includes a main frame, and a strip rotary tillage component 6, a fertilizer discharge component 1, a front compaction assembly 3, a pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharge device 2, a seed furrow contouring assembly 4, and a rear compaction assembly 5, which are arranged sequentially from front to back on the main frame along the direction of travel of the seeder (machine).

[0023] The main frame is an integrally welded frame steel structure, serving as the installation and load-bearing base for the entire machine. A traction hook structure is welded to the front end of the main frame. In this embodiment, the traction hook structure adopts a three-point suspension frame, which is used to reliably hook with the three-point suspension mechanism of power machinery such as tractors, so as to realize the traction and lifting of the implement.

[0024] The specific structure of the strip rotary tillage component 6 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a gearbox 62, a rotary tiller shaft 67, multiple sets of rotary tiller blades, a rotary tiller protective cover, and a front mounting bracket 61. The front mounting bracket 61 is bolted to the upper front end of the main frame. The gearbox 62 is bolted to the middle of the front mounting bracket 61. The power input end of the gearbox 62 is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor via a universal joint drive shaft, used to receive power from the tractor and realize power reduction, reversal, and speed regulation. The power output end of the gearbox 62 is connected to the rotary tiller shaft 67 via a spline drive. The rotary tiller shaft 67 is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the rotary tiller protective cover via bearing seats. The axis of the rotary tiller shaft 67 is perpendicular to the direction of the implement's travel.

[0025] Multiple sets of rotary tiller blades are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the rotary tiller shaft 67. Each set of rotary tiller blades corresponds one-to-one with the planting strip position of a planting row. In this embodiment, three sets of rotary tiller blades are set, corresponding to three rows of planting operations. Each set of rotary tiller blades includes two cutter discs 66 coaxially mounted on the rotary tiller shaft 67 and multiple rotary tiller blades 65. The cutter discs 66 are welded and fixed to the rotary tiller shaft 67. The multiple rotary tiller blades 65 are evenly and alternately arranged around the circumference of the cutter discs 66. The rotary tiller blades 65 adopt a curved blade structure, which can efficiently complete soil cutting and pulverizing operations. A front plow 68 is provided on the main frame and in front of the gearbox. During operation, only the rotary tiller blades 65 corresponding to the planting strip position disturb the soil. The area between adjacent planting strips remains uncultivated, forming a regular strip-shaped working surface, providing loose soil conditions for subsequent fertilization and sowing operations, while significantly reducing soil disturbance rate and operating power consumption. A rotary tillage protective cover is installed on the outside of the rotary tillage blade shaft 67 and the rotary tillage blade assembly. The rotary tillage protective cover includes a rotary tillage side baffle 63, a rotary tillage outer baffle 64, and a rotary tillage cover plate 17. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, all are fixedly connected to the front mounting bracket 61 by bolts to prevent mud from splashing during operation and improve operation safety.

[0026] The specific structure of fertilizer discharge component 1 is as follows: Figure 5As shown, the system includes a fertilizer tank 11, a fertilizer applicator 12, a fertilizer shovel fixing bracket, clamps, a fertilizer applicator pipe, and a fertilizer shovel 15. The fertilizer shovel fixing bracket is bolted to the upper part of the main frame and located behind the strip rotary tillage component 6. The bottom of the fertilizer tank 11 is mounted on the main frame via a fertilizer tank bracket 16. The fertilizer tank 11 is a sealed box with a lid on top, used to hold fertilizer. The bottom of the fertilizer tank 11 has a discharge port with the same number of rows as the seeding rows. Each discharge port is equipped with a fertilizer applicator 12. The fertilizer applicator 12 is a grooved wheel type fertilizer applicator, and its drive end is connected to a fertilizer applicator drive motor to achieve quantitative fertilizer applicator.

[0027] The lower discharge port of each fertilizer applicator 12 is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer applicator pipe via a clamp. The lower end of the fertilizer applicator pipe is connected to the fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer shovel 15. The fertilizer shovel 15 is fixedly installed on the rear beam 13 at the bottom of the main frame with U-bolts. The fertilizer shovel 15 corresponds one-to-one with the sowing row (rotary tillage blade set). The shovel body of each fertilizer shovel 15 is located in the middle of the corresponding sowing row. In this embodiment, the lateral distance between the fertilizer shovel 15 and the corresponding two sides of the sowing row is 10-15cm. The working depth of the fertilizer shovel 15 is 2-3cm deeper than the furrowing depth of the double disc furrow opener 46, realizing the lateral and longitudinal isolation of seeds and fertilizer, avoiding seed burning, and realizing deep fertilizer application to improve utilization rate. The fertilizer applicator pipe adopts an approximately vertical installation angle, with the fertilizer outlet facing the rear side, and the height of the fertilizer outlet is higher than the bottom of the shovel body of the fertilizer shovel 15, which can effectively prevent soil from clogging the fertilizer outlet and ensure stable fertilization operation.

[0028] The specific structure of the front press assembly 3 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the overall contouring adjustment mechanism is attached to the rear end of the main frame, including two mounting baffles 31, two contouring mounting beams 32, a contouring fixing frame 33, multiple sets of overall contouring adjustment plates 34, a seed metering device mounting bracket 35, a front pressing wheel 36, a soil scraping bracket 37, and a soil scraping blade 38. Two contouring beams 32 are arranged in the left and right directions and are spaced apart front and back. Two mounting plates 31 are respectively set at the left and right ends of the two contouring beams 32. The front end of the overall contouring adjustment plate 34 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the main frame by bolts. The rear end of the overall contouring adjustment plate 34 is connected to the front contouring beam 32 by contouring fixing bracket 33. Multiple sets of adjustment holes are opened on the fertilizer box bracket 16, which are equally spaced along the vertical direction. The middle part of the overall contouring adjustment plate 34 is connected to the hole on the fertilizer box bracket 16 by bolts. By changing the hole connected to the fertilizer box bracket 16, the vertical height of the contouring beam 32 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the working height of the front pressing wheel 36 and realizing the uniform adjustment of the seeding depth benchmark of the whole machine.

[0029] The contour-following fixing frame 33 is mounted on the contour-following hanging beam 32 via U-bolts. The front compaction wheel 36 is rotatably mounted between the two hanging baffles 31 via the front compaction wheel axle and the seated bearing. The number of front compaction wheels 36 is equal to that of the cutter discs 66, and they correspond one-to-one. The front compaction wheels 36 can simultaneously compact and level all planting strips, providing a compact and flat seedbed for subsequent furrowing and sowing. The upper end of the soil scraper bracket 37 is fixed to the contour-following hanging beam 32 on the rear side. The soil scraper 38 is fixed to the lower end of the soil scraper bracket 37 via bolts. The front side of the soil scraper 38 is in close contact with the lower rear wheel surface of the front compaction wheel 36, which can remove the soil adhering to the wheel surface of the front compaction wheel 36 in real time, ensuring a stable compaction effect. The seed metering device mounting bracket 35 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the contour hanging beam 32 by bolts. It is used to install and fix the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision metering device 2, so that the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision metering device 2 and the front pressing assembly 3 form an integral linkage structure, ensuring that the seed metering benchmark and the sowing depth benchmark are always consistent.

[0030] The pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collector 2 adopts the published patent document: pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collector (patent application number: 202411294638.0), therefore the specific structure and working principle of the pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collector 2 will not be described in detail.

[0031] Seed trench contouring assembly 4 and single contouring mechanism The specific structure of the seed trench contour assembly 4 is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the device includes multiple sets of seed furrow opening devices, which are the same as the number of sowing rows. In this embodiment, there are 6 sets of seed furrow opening devices. Each set of seed furrow opening devices is attached to the single mounting bracket 42 by a parallelogram contouring mechanism 41.

[0032] Each seed furrow opening device includes a double-disc furrow opener 46, a double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket 44, a double-disc furrow opener arc-shaped baffle 45, and a seed discharge guide tube 43. The double-disc furrow opener 46 includes two symmetrically arranged inclined discs. The two discs are rotatably mounted on the lower part of the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket 44 via a double-disc shaft and bearings. The lower edges of the two discs fit together to form a V-shaped seed furrow forming area, which can open regular seed furrows on the compacted seed bed during operation. The double-disc furrow opener arc-shaped baffle 45 is fixedly installed on both sides of the double-disc furrow opener 46 to prevent soil from entering the interior of the discs. The seed metering guide tube 43 is fixedly installed between two discs. The upper end of the seed metering guide tube 43 is connected to the discharge port of the Venturi air delivery seed conveying device 25 through a flexible seed guide tube. The lower end of the seed metering guide tube 43 extends to the bottom of the seed furrow forming area of ​​the double disc furrow opener 46, which can accurately deliver the seeds to the bottom of the seed furrow and ensure consistent sowing depth.

[0033] The specific structure of the parallelogram contouring mechanism 41 is as follows: Figure 6As shown, the device includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, an adjusting spring 412, and a single mounting bracket 42. The front end of the single mounting bracket 42 is fixedly connected to a contouring hanging beam 32 on the rear side. The front ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the upper and lower parts of the rear end of the contouring hanging beam 32 via hinge bolts 411. The rear ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket 44 via a single contouring connecting shaft 413, forming a parallelogram connecting rod structure. This ensures that the single mounting bracket 42 remains vertical during the contouring process, thereby ensuring that the furrowing depth of the double-disc furrow opener 46 remains consistent. The adjusting spring 412 is inclined with a lower front and a higher rear. The two ends of the adjusting spring 412 are respectively connected to the upper part of the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket 44 and the front side of the lower connecting rod. This provides downward contouring pressure and buffering for the contouring of the furrowing device, allowing the double-disc furrow opener 46 to always keep in contact with the ground and adapt to local undulations in the field.

[0034] The specific structure of the rear press assembly 5 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, corresponding to the seed furrowing device, each rear compaction assembly 5 includes a rear compaction wheel 51, a rear compaction wheel bracket 52, and a rear compaction wheel shaft 53. The front end of the rear compaction wheel bracket 52 is hinged to the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket 44 of the corresponding seed furrowing device (the hinge point is located between the upper and lower connecting rods). The rear compaction wheel 51 is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the rear compaction wheel bracket 52 via the rear compaction wheel shaft 53 and a seated bearing.

[0035] The rear compaction wheel 51 uses a narrow rubber wheel with a wheel width greater than or equal to the width of the seed furrow. During operation, it can push the loose soil on both sides of the seed furrow back to cover the seeds and lightly compact them, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the surrounding soil. This provides a good soil environment for seed germination while avoiding excessive compaction that could affect seedling emergence. The rear compaction assembly 5 adopts a segmented floating structure, which can adapt to the overall undulation of the field ground, ensuring a smooth and stable operation and preventing soil clogging or jamming.

[0036] II. Overall Operation Process and Working Principle The electrically driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds described in this embodiment is attached to the rear of a tractor via a three-point suspension frame during operation. The operation process is as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the specific working process is as follows: S1. Pre-operation preparation: According to the agronomic requirements of the target crop, adjust the height of the contour-following connecting beam 32 through the overall contour-following adjustment plate 34, and set the sowing depth and compaction degree of the whole machine; add fertilizer to the fertilizer box 11 and add the target small-diameter seeds to the seed box 21; start the tractor's power take-off shaft to provide power to the strip rotary tiller 6, and start the negative pressure air source and positive pressure air source of the pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharging device 2 to complete the pre-operation preparation.

[0037] S2. Strip rotary tillage: The tractor pulls the implement forward, and the gearbox 62 transmits the tractor's power to the rotary tiller shaft 67, causing the rotary tiller shaft 67 to rotate. The rotary tiller blades rotate synchronously with the rotary tiller shaft 67, performing soil cutting, breaking up and loosening operations only on the planting strip area corresponding to each planting row. The area between the planting strips remains untilled, forming a regular strip working surface, providing loose soil conditions for subsequent fertilization and sowing operations, while significantly reducing soil disturbance rate and operating power consumption.

[0038] S3. Lateral Deep Fertilization Operation: During the strip rotary tillage operation, the drive control system 22 controls the fertilizer discharge drive motor to rotate according to the machine's travel speed, driving the fertilizer discharger 12 to discharge fertilizer in a quantitative manner. The fertilizer is transported to the fertilizer shovel 15 through the fertilizer discharge pipe. The fertilizer shovel 15 opens a fertilizer trench in the planting strip after rotary tillage and on the inner side of the sowing row. After the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer trench, the soil on both sides of the fertilizer trench naturally backfills, completing the lateral deep application of fertilizer. The fertilizer application depth is greater than the sowing depth and maintains a lateral distance from the sowing row to achieve seed-fertilizer isolation, avoid seed burning, reduce fertilizer volatilization and loss, and improve fertilizer utilization rate.

[0039] S4. Pre-sowing overall compaction and contouring operation: After fertilization, the front compaction wheel 36 moves forward with the machine to simultaneously compact and level all planting strips after rotary tillage and fertilization, forming a seedbed with uniform compaction and a flat surface, providing a stable benchmark for subsequent furrowing and sowing; at the same time, the front compaction assembly 3 floats and contours with the overall undulation of the field ground through the overall contouring adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the sowing depth benchmark of the whole machine is always stable and is not affected by the overall undulation of the field terrain.

[0040] S5. Precision seeding and pneumatic seed delivery: Under the action of positive pressure airflow, the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision seed collector 2 is used for precision seeding. The seeds are transported through the flexible seed delivery tube to the seed delivery guide tube 43 of the corresponding seed opening furrow device, thus completing precision seeding and pneumatic seed delivery.

[0041] S6. Furrowing and Individual Shaping Operation: Seeds in the seed metering guide tube 43 fall into the furrows opened by the double-disc furrow opener 46, completing the sowing operation. During the movement of the machine, the parallelogram shaping mechanism 41 of each furrow opening device can independently float up and down with the local undulations of the field ground, driving the double-disc furrow opener 46 to float synchronously, ensuring that the furrowing depth of the double-disc furrow opener 46 is always consistent with the set sowing depth, realizing precise control of individual sowing depth. Combined with the overall shaping of the front compaction assembly 3, a two-level shaping system (overall + individual) is formed, which completely solves the problem of difficult control of sowing depth for small-diameter seeds, ensuring that the sowing depth of all sowing rows is uniform.

[0042] S7. Post-sowing soil covering and compaction: After sowing, the rear compaction wheel 51 at the tail of each seed furrow device moves forward with the machine, pushing the loose soil on both sides of the seed furrow to backfill and cover the seeds, and lightly compacting the seed furrow to make the seeds in close contact with the surrounding soil, eliminating gaps in the seed furrow, providing a good water, air and heat environment for seed germination, and significantly improving the seedling rate and the consistency of crop growth.

[0043] S8. Finishing Operation: After the operation is completed, the tractor lifts the implements, stops power output, shuts off the electronic control assembly and air supply, and completes all sowing operations.

[0044] The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds in this embodiment can complete the entire process of strip rotary tillage, lateral deep fertilization, pre-sowing compaction, precision sowing, and post-sowing covering and compaction in one operation. It enables no-till precision sowing of small-diameter seeds such as sesame, pepper, and millet, with high operating efficiency, high sowing accuracy, stable sowing depth, high fertilizer utilization rate, and good seedling uniformity, fully meeting the mechanization needs of large-scale and standardized planting of small-diameter crops.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrically driven, pneumatically powered precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds, characterized in that: The main frame includes a strip rotary tillage component, a fertilizer discharge component, a front compaction assembly, a pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collection and discharge device, a seed furrow contouring assembly, and a rear compaction assembly, arranged sequentially from front to back along the direction of travel of the seeder. The front end of the main frame is provided with a traction attachment structure for attachment to power machinery; The strip rotary tillage component is rotatably installed at the lower front end of the main frame and is used to perform strip rotary tillage and soil breaking operations on the planting strip corresponding to the sowing row. The fertilizer discharge component is fixedly installed on the main frame and located behind the strip rotary tillage component, and is used to apply fertilizer to the inner side of the planting strip after rotary tillage. The front compaction assembly is attached to the rear end of the main frame via the overall contour adjustment mechanism. The front compaction assembly includes a contour hanging beam, a front compaction wheel, and a seed metering device mounting bracket. The front compaction wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the contour hanging beam and is used to compact and level the planting strip after rotary tillage and fertilization before sowing. The seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed to the upper part of the contour hanging beam. The pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision seed metering device is fixedly installed on the seed metering device mounting bracket and is used for precision quantitative seed metering of small-diameter seeds. The seed furrow shaping assembly includes at least one set of seed furrow opening devices. Each set of seed furrow opening devices is hooked onto the shaping hooking beam via a parallelogram shaping mechanism. The seed furrow opening device includes a double-disc furrow opener and a seed discharge guide. The upper end of the seed discharge guide is connected to the seed guide port of the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collector and discharger. The lower end of the seed discharge guide extends to the seed furrow forming area of ​​the double-disc furrow opener, and is used to accurately transport the seeds discharged by the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collector and discharger into the seed furrow. The rear compaction assembly corresponds one-to-one with the seed furrow opening device. The rear compaction assembly is fixedly installed at the tail of the corresponding seed furrow opening device and located behind the double-disc furrow opener. It is used to compact the seed furrow after sowing.

2. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strip-shaped rotary tiller component includes a gearbox, a rotary tiller shaft, multiple sets of rotary tiller blades, a rotary tiller protective cover, and a front mounting bracket. The front mounting bracket is bolted to the upper front end of the main frame, and the gearbox is bolted to the middle of the front mounting bracket. The power input end of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor via a universal joint drive shaft to receive power from the tractor and to achieve power reduction, reversal, and speed adjustment. The power output end of the gearbox is connected to the rotary tiller shaft via a spline drive. The rotary tiller shaft is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the rotary tiller protective cover via bearing seats, and the axial direction of the rotary tiller shaft is perpendicular to the direction of the implement's travel. Multiple sets of rotary tiller blades are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the rotary tiller shaft. Each set of rotary tiller blades corresponds one-to-one with the planting strip position of a seed row. Each set of rotary tiller blades includes two cutter discs coaxially mounted on the rotary tiller shaft and multiple rotary tiller blades. The cutter discs are welded and fixed to the rotary tiller shaft. The multiple rotary tiller blades are evenly and alternately arranged along the circumference of the cutter discs. The rotary tiller blades adopt a curved blade structure to efficiently complete soil cutting and pulverizing operations. A front plow is installed on the main frame and in front of the gearbox.

3. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fertilizer discharging component includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer shovel fixing bracket, clamps, a fertilizer discharging pipe, and a fertilizer shovel. The fertilizer shovel fixing bracket is bolted to the upper part of the main frame and located behind the strip rotary tiller. The bottom of the fertilizer box is mounted on the main frame via a fertilizer box bracket. The fertilizer box is a sealed box with a lid on top, and the inside is used to hold fertilizer. The bottom of the fertilizer box is equipped with a discharge port that matches the number of planting rows. Each discharge port is equipped with a fertilizer dispenser. The fertilizer dispenser is a grooved wheel type, and its drive end is connected to a fertilizer discharging drive motor to achieve quantitative fertilizer discharging. The lower discharge port of each fertilizer applicator is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer applicator pipe via a clamp, and the lower end of the fertilizer applicator pipe is connected to the fertilizer inlet of the fertilizer shovel. The fertilizer shovel is fixedly installed on the rear beam at the bottom of the main frame with U-bolts. The fertilizer shovel corresponds to the sowing row one by one, and the shovel body of each fertilizer shovel is located in the middle of the corresponding sowing row.

4. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front compaction assembly is attached to the rear end of the main frame via a general contour adjustment mechanism. It includes two mounting plates, two contour mounting beams, a contour fixing frame, multiple sets of general contour adjustment plates, a seed metering device mounting bracket, a front compaction wheel, a soil scraper bracket, and a soil scraper. The two contour mounting beams are arranged in the left and right directions and are spaced apart front and back. The two mounting plates are respectively located at the left and right ends of the two contour mounting beams. The front end of the general contour adjustment plate is fixedly connected to the rear end of the main frame with bolts. The rear end of the general contour adjustment plate is connected to the front contour mounting beam through the contour fixing frame. Multiple sets of adjustment holes are equally spaced along the vertical direction on the fertilizer box bracket. The middle part of the general contour adjustment plate is connected to the holes on the fertilizer box bracket with bolts. By changing the holes connected to the fertilizer box bracket, the vertical height of the contour mounting beam 32 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the working height of the front compaction wheel and realizing the uniform adjustment of the seeding depth benchmark of the whole machine. The contour-following fixing frame is installed on the contour-following hanging beam by U-bolts. The front pressing wheel is rotatably installed between the two hanging baffles via the front pressing wheel shaft and the seated bearing. The number of front pressing wheels is equal to that of the cutter disc and they correspond one-to-one. The upper end of the soil scraping bracket is fixed to the contour-following hanging beam on the rear side. The soil scraping blade is fixed to the lower end of the soil scraping bracket by bolts. The front side of the soil scraping blade is in close contact with the rear lower wheel surface of the front pressing wheel. The seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed to the upper part of the contour-following hanging beam by bolts and is used to install and fix the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision metering device.

5. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seed furrow contouring assembly includes multiple sets of seed furrow opening devices, which are the same number as the number of seed rows. Each set of seed furrow opening devices is attached to a single mounting bracket via a parallelogram contouring mechanism. Each seed furrow opening device includes a double-disc furrow opener, a double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket, a double-disc furrow opener arc baffle, and a seed dispensing guide. The double-disc furrow opener consists of two symmetrically arranged inclined discs, which are rotatably mounted on the lower part of the double-disc furrow opener fixing bracket via a double-disc shaft and bearings. The lower edges of the two discs fit together to form a V-shaped seed furrow forming area, which can open regular seed furrows on the compacted seed bed during operation. The arc baffle of the double-disc furrow opener is fixedly installed on both sides of the double-disc furrow opener to prevent soil from entering the discs. The seed dispensing guide is fixedly installed between the two discs. The upper end of the seed dispensing guide is connected to the outlet of the Venturi air-pumped seed conveying device through a flexible seed guide tube, and the lower end of the seed dispensing guide extends to the bottom of the seed furrow forming area of ​​the double-disc furrow opener, which can accurately deliver seeds to the bottom of the seed furrow to ensure consistent sowing depth.

6. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 5, characterized in that: The parallelogram-shaped contouring mechanism includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, an adjusting spring, and a single mounting bracket. The front end of the single mounting bracket is fixedly connected to a contouring hook beam on the rear side. The front ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the upper and lower parts of the rear end of the contouring hook beam via hinge bolts. The rear ends of the upper and lower connecting rods are respectively hinged to the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener via a single contouring connecting shaft, forming a parallelogram-shaped connecting rod structure. This ensures that the single mounting bracket remains vertical during the contouring process, thereby ensuring that the furrowing depth of the double-disc furrow opener remains consistent. The adjusting spring is inclined with a lower front and a higher rear. The two ends of the adjusting spring are respectively connected to the upper part of the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener and the front side of the lower connecting rod. This provides downward contouring pressure and buffer for the contouring of the furrowing device, allowing the double-disc furrow opener to always keep in contact with the ground and adapt to local undulations in the field.

7. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-till combined seeder for small-diameter seeds according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear compaction assembly corresponds one-to-one with the seed furrowing device. Each rear compaction assembly includes a rear compaction wheel, a rear compaction wheel bracket, and a rear compaction wheel shaft. The front end of the rear compaction wheel bracket is hinged to the fixed bracket of the double-disc furrow opener of the corresponding seed furrowing device. The hinge point is located between the upper and lower connecting rods. The rear compaction wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower part of the rear compaction wheel bracket through the rear compaction wheel shaft and the seated bearing.

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