Method for constructing good seedling condition of machine-harvested cotton field in southern Xinjiang

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a good seedling condition of a machine-harvested cotton field in south Xinjiang. The method comprises the steps of cotton field preparation, soil preparation and sowing, drip irrigation after sowing and management after sowing, and comprises the steps that drip irrigation is conducted from September 8 to September 15 in the last year, the drip irrigation amount is 30-55 m / mu, the mechanical harvesting time is after October 20 in the last year, according to the cotton field soil type, the time for recycling drip irrigation belts and mulching films, the straw smashing and returning time and the selected mechanical type for soil preparation are determined, sowing is conducted immediately after soil preparation is completed, and after sowing is conducted, sowing is conducted after sowing is conducted. The operation procedures of the seeding machine comprise film mulching, film pressing, soil covering / non-soil covering, punching, subsequent seeding and pressing / non-pressing; seedling emergence water is dripped twice after sowing, the water dripping interval is 3-5 days, the water dripping amount is 18-25 m / mu, and acidic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer needs to be dressed along with water at least once during water dripping. By means of the method, the average seedling keeping rate is 85.2%, the seedling keeping rate is increased by 5.2%, the average yield per unit of seed cotton is increased by 58.3 kg / mu, and a foundation is laid for continuous high yield of machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of machine-harvested cotton field planting technology, and specifically relates to a method for constructing good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, which is particularly suitable for planting machine-harvested cotton fields under the unique ecological conditions of numerous oases on the edge of the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. Background Technology

[0002] The Southern Xinjiang cotton-growing region is the area with the largest cotton planting area and the highest yield in Xinjiang. With an annual planting area of ​​about 21 million mu, Southern Xinjiang accounts for about 50% of the national total and more than 10% of the global total. The Southern Xinjiang cotton-growing region is undoubtedly an important cotton-growing area in my country and one of the most important cotton-growing regions in the world.

[0003] The climate, soil, water resources and sunlight of the southern Xinjiang region provide unique natural advantages for cotton planting. However, the current production situation in the cotton-growing areas of southern Xinjiang also has the following pain points: (1) Imbalance in the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources: The irrigation water source in the cotton-growing areas of southern Xinjiang mainly relies on the melting snow and ice of the high mountains. From the mid-to-late October of the previous year to the spring sowing in March of the following year, the temperature of the water source is low and the melting water is scarce. Before the spring sowing, the soil moisture replenishment often faces the dilemma of having no water available. In the mid-to-late September of the previous year (the critical period for the ripening of cotton bolls), the agricultural planting water use is significantly reduced. At this time, the water source is relatively abundant. However, under the traditional planting model, the water resources during this period are not scientifically utilized to store moisture, resulting in poor natural soil moisture in the cotton fields when sowing the following year. The quality of land preparation is difficult to meet the standards, and mechanical sowing is prone to problems such as misalignment, uneven sowing depth, and even inability to operate normally. It is urgent to solve the problem that the cotton fields cannot be mechanically sown normally due to poor soil moisture. (2) The cumulative effect of soil problems: The cotton fields in the cotton-growing areas of southern Xinjiang are mostly sandy loam, and some cotton fields are also made of heavy clay loam. Sandy loam has a weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, while clay loam cotton fields are prone to forming large soil clods after plowing and have relatively high soil moisture. Accompanying soil salinization, the osmotic pressure of the soil solution increases after drip irrigation, which not only inhibits cotton seed germination, but also makes cotton seedlings susceptible to salt damage after emergence, resulting in slow growth. Traditional seedling protection techniques do not provide specific and operable solutions for this salinization problem. (3) The contradiction between agricultural machinery configuration and agricultural timing: The cotton-growing areas of southern Xinjiang have a large planting scale, with many large-scale growers whose average planting area often reaches hundreds or even thousands of acres. The traditional agricultural machinery configuration standards are low and the operation efficiency is insufficient. In addition, if abnormal weather such as sandstorms and low temperatures are encountered during spring sowing, and the cotton fields have diverse soil types, it is easy to interrupt the connection between plowing, harrowing, sowing and other processes, missing the best sowing period (usually in early to mid-April), further reducing the seedling survival rate.

[0004] Given the aforementioned pain points in cotton production in southern Xinjiang, although successful seedling protection technologies have been applied in northern Xinjiang, the significantly lower winter snowfall in southern Xinjiang, coupled with high evaporation and severe soil salinization, leads to inconsistent seedling protection effects in southern Xinjiang, with frequent cases of failure. Furthermore, seedling protection technologies used in other humid cotton-growing regions with non-saline soils (such as the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins) are completely unsuitable for the arid and saline-alkali environment of southern Xinjiang.

[0005] To address the issues of poor seedling conditions and low cotton yields in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang due to insufficient moisture, it is urgent to develop a seedling protection technology suitable for the ecological environment of southern Xinjiang in order to create favorable seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in the cotton-growing areas of southern Xinjiang. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems of poor seedling conditions and low cotton yields in cotton fields with insufficient moisture in southern Xinjiang. It provides a method for constructing good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. Based on the unique natural ecological conditions of southern Xinjiang, it carries out targeted cotton field preparation, sowing, and post-sowing management, and establishes seedling protection technology suitable for the ecological environment of southern Xinjiang, laying the foundation for high cotton yields in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.

[0007] Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1. Cotton field preparation, including:

[0009] 1.1. Drip irrigation before machine harvesting: Before machine harvesting, when multiple brown or dark brown spots appear on the surface of the upper cotton boll shell or when more than 30% of the cotton bolls have opened, add an additional drip irrigation.

[0010] 1.2. Mechanized Harvesting and Subsequent Preparations: Mechanized harvesting shall take place after October 20th of the previous year. After harvesting, cotton fields with sandy soil shall complete the drip irrigation tape, plastic film recycling, and straw crushing and returning to the field before spring sowing in the following year. Cotton fields with other soil types shall complete the above operations within 45 days after harvesting.

[0011] 2. Land preparation and sowing, including:

[0012] 2.1. Pre-sowing land preparation: This includes plowing, harrowing, and soil chemical sealing for weed control. The plowing depth during land preparation is 50-70cm. Adjustments are made based on the depth of deep plowing and the plowshare angle at the work site. Typically, the plowshare angle is adjusted to 18-22° for sandy loam cotton fields with relatively light salinity, and lowered to 15-18° for other cotton fields with heavier salinity to avoid turning over the topsoil. No chemical fertilizers are applied before plowing. Residual plastic film is recovered 1-2 times during land preparation. After land preparation, the cotton field should meet the standards of being "flat, broken, clean, and uniform," and should have a loose topsoil and firm subsoil. "Flat, fine, clean, and even" are four key quality standards for land preparation in agricultural production, aiming to create a good foundation for sowing and crop growth. "Flat" refers to a level surface after preparation, free of mounds, pits, or ditches, ensuring even irrigation and consistent sowing depth. "Fine" refers to finely broken topsoil, free of clay clods or large clods exceeding 1.5 cm in diameter, facilitating root extension and water penetration. "Clean" refers to a clean field, free of weed roots, stubble, waste film, or debris, preventing clogging of sowing machinery and reducing the risk of pests and diseases. "Even" refers to thorough preparation, achieving square corners and straight edges, ensuring a regular field shape conducive to mechanized operations. After pre-sowing land preparation, the relative moisture content of the topsoil layer should be 40-60%.

[0013] 2.2. Sowing operations: Select a sowing time to avoid more than 5 consecutive days of low temperature and humid weather after sowing; use a seeder for sowing, and the operation includes laying film, pressing film, punching holes, sowing seeds and covering with soil. The drip irrigation tape is an inlaid patch type, and the dripper flow rate is 1.38L / h, 1.8L / h or 2.0L / h.

[0014] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing, including: completing drip irrigation within 5 days after sowing, the drip irrigation time can be adjusted according to weather changes, including temperature changes and wind and sand disasters; the width of the wet soil strip on the left and right sides of each cotton mulch film is 2-3cm.

[0015] 4. Post-sowing management, including: cultivation, covering with soil, and drip irrigation during the budding stage.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of step 1.1, when the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is performed between September 8th and 15th of the previous year or one week before spraying the defoliant and ripening agent, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to 30-55 m³ / mu; when the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is performed after September 16th of the previous year, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to within 25 m³ / mu.

[0017] As a preferred option for step 2, when the relative soil moisture content is greater than 55% after plowing, the soil should be dried for 1-2 days before harrowing. For cotton fields with heavy sand or when the soil moisture is low, plowing, harrowing, soil chemical sealing weeding, and sowing should be carried out continuously without interruption.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of step 2.1, for cotton fields with sandy soil, land preparation should be completed 2-4 days before sowing. The harrowing machinery should be a harrow set without notched harrows or spiked harrows, and should be equipped with a diversion-type leveling frame with a press roller and a compaction smearing plate. For cotton fields with other soil types, land preparation should be completed 4-6 days before sowing. For cotton fields with heavy clay soil or large soil clods that are difficult to break, the harrowing machinery should be equipped with a notched harrow, a press roller and a compaction smearing plate, or a drive harrow can be used.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of step 2.2, the beak of the seeder is cross-shaped and has a length of 2.6~3.0cm.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of step 2.2, when the operation process is laying film, pressing film, covering with soil, punching holes, sowing seeds and pressing, the seeder of the seeder should be installed afterward to avoid misalignment; when the process is laying film, pressing film, punching holes and sowing seeds, and covering with soil after the cotton seedlings emerge, the soil covering roller and the attached pressing roller of the seeder should be removed to prevent rain damage.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of step 3, water with a mineralization of ≤3g / L is used for two drip irrigations, with an interval of 3-5 days. The drip irrigation working pressure is 3-7m, and the drip volume is 18-25m³ / mu each time. In at least one drip irrigation, any one or any combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer are applied with the water.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of step 4, the depth of the inter-cultivation after sowing is 15-18cm, with an 8-10cm protective strip of mulch film left on the edge.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of step 4, the soil covering is carried out mechanically on uncovered cotton fields within 1 to 2 days before or after the 3-leaf-1-heart stage.

[0024] As a preferred option for step 4, the first drip irrigation during the budding stage is from mid-May to early June of the same year, with a drip volume of 35-45 m³ / mu. For cotton fields with high salinity, soil conditioner is applied along with the irrigation.

[0025] The technical solutions described above in this invention, based on the unique natural ecological conditions of southern Xinjiang, specifically address cotton field preparation, sowing, and post-sowing management. This includes pre-harvest drip irrigation for soil moisture regulation, post-harvest strategies for matching cotton field drip irrigation tape and mulch film recycling with cotton field soil type, ultra-deep plowing of cotton fields, selection of land preparation machinery, application of patch-type drip irrigation tape, and timely and appropriate drip irrigation after sowing. Combined with the rational allocation of agricultural machinery, this systematic seedling protection management approach—combining opportunistic irrigation, soil adaptation management, salinity control, and efficient synergy of agricultural machinery—establishes a seedling protection technology suitable for the ecological environment of southern Xinjiang.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. In response to the unique ecological conditions in many oasis cotton-growing areas on the edge of the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang (such as Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, and Kashgar Prefecture), which are characterized by scarce winter snowfall, insufficient spring soil moisture, high soil salinity (the salt and alkali content in the topsoil is about twice that of cotton-growing areas in northern Xinjiang), and a prominent contradiction between water supply and demand, this study provides a supporting seedling condition construction plan to fill the gap in seedling protection technology specific to cotton-growing areas in southern Xinjiang. This plan has profound significance for the sustainable development of cotton production and social stability in southern Xinjiang.

[0028] 2. Make full use of natural water resources to ensure the required soil moisture for cotton sowing, solve the problem of poor soil moisture in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang during spring sowing, avoid the problem of water resources dropping sharply after machine harvesting and being unable to replenish moisture, and effectively prevent cotton harvester crushing. Combined with the optimization of machine harvesting time and the continuous and uninterrupted operation of plowing, harrowing and sowing in cotton fields with heavy sandy soil in the spring, ensure the smooth operation of sowing machinery.

[0029] 3. By strictly controlling the drip irrigation time, volume, and frequency, and applying acidic fertilizer or bio-fertilizer with the drip irrigation water, combined with matching land preparation and sowing procedures, and timely removal of mulch film after machine harvesting, not only is good seedling growth ensured in cotton fields, but water conservation also helps ensure the supply of ecological water for oases. Applying the method of this invention, the seedling survival rate in cotton fields reached over 83.9% in the example, with a two-year average of 85.1%, and the overall seedling condition was better than the control. The average yield of seed cotton over two years was 509.5 kg / mu, an average increase of 38.2 kg / mu, laying the foundation for high cotton yields in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The following figures are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the detailed embodiments to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. They include:

[0031] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for constructing good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] This invention addresses existing technical problems by providing a method for cultivating good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. Based on the unique natural ecological conditions of southern Xinjiang, it specifically carries out cotton field preparation, sowing, and post-sowing management, establishing seedling protection techniques suitable for the ecological environment of southern Xinjiang, thus laying the foundation for high cotton yields in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.

[0034] To achieve the above technical solution, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing good seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Cotton field preparation, including:

[0036] S101. Drip irrigation before machine harvesting: Before machine harvesting, when multiple brown or dark brown spots appear on the surface of the upper cotton boll shell or when more than 30% of the cotton bolls have opened, add one more drip irrigation;

[0037] S102. Mechanized Harvesting and Subsequent Preparations: Mechanized harvesting shall take place after October 20 of the previous year. After mechanized harvesting, cotton fields with sandy soil shall complete the drip irrigation tape, plastic film recycling and straw crushing and returning to the field before spring sowing in the following year. Cotton fields with other soil types shall complete the operation within 45 days after mechanized harvesting.

[0038] S2. Land preparation and sowing, including:

[0039] S201. Pre-sowing land preparation: This includes plowing, harrowing, and soil chemical sealing for weed control. The plowing depth during land preparation is 50-70cm, for example, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70cm. Adjustments are made based on the depth of deep plowing and the plowshare angle at the work site. Typically, the plowshare angle is adjusted to 18-22° for sandy loam cotton fields with relatively light salinity using a plowshare angle adjustment mechanism, and lowered to 15-18° for other cotton fields with heavier salinity to avoid turning over the topsoil. No chemical fertilizers are applied before plowing. Residual plastic film is recycled 1-2 times during land preparation. After land preparation, the cotton field should meet the standards of being "flat, broken, clean, and uniform," and should have a loose topsoil and firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer should be 40-60%, for example, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60%.

[0040] S202. Sowing operations: Select a sowing time to avoid more than 5 consecutive days of low temperature and humid weather after sowing; use a seeder for sowing, and the operation includes laying film, pressing film, punching holes, sowing seeds and covering with soil. The drip irrigation tape is an inlaid patch type, and the dripper flow rate is 1.38L / h, 1.8L / h or 2.0L / h.

[0041] S3. Drip irrigation after sowing, including: completing drip irrigation within 5 days after sowing, and drip irrigation to the width of the wet soil strip on the outer side of each cotton mulch film on both sides of the field, which is 2-3 cm wide;

[0042] S4. Post-sowing management, including: cultivation, covering with soil and drip irrigation during the budding stage.

[0043] Preferred implementations of the above technical solutions include:

[0044] In step S101, if the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is between September 8th and 15th of the previous year or one week before spraying the defoliant and ripening agent, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to 30-55 m³ / mu, for example, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55 m³ / mu; if the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is after September 16th of the previous year, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to within 25 m³ / mu.

[0045] In step S2, when the relative soil moisture content is greater than 55% after plowing, the soil should be dried for 1-2 days before harrowing. For cotton fields with heavy sand or when the soil moisture is low, plowing, harrowing, soil chemical sealing weeding and sowing should be carried out continuously without interruption.

[0046] In step S201, for cotton fields with sandy soil, land preparation should be completed 2-4 days before sowing. The harrowing machinery should use harrow sets without notched harrows or spiked harrows, and should be equipped with a diversion leveling frame with a press roller and a compaction smearing plate. For cotton fields with other soil types, land preparation should be completed 4-6 days before sowing. For cotton fields with heavy clay soil or large soil clods that are difficult to break, the harrowing machinery should be equipped with a notched harrow, a press roller and a compaction smearing plate, or a drive harrow can be used.

[0047] In step S202, the duckbill of the seeder is cross-shaped and has a length of 2.6~3.0cm, for example, it can be 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 or 3.0cm.

[0048] In step S202, when the work process is to lay film, press film, cover with soil, punch holes, sow seeds and compact, the seeder of the seeder should be installed afterward to avoid misalignment; when the process is to lay film, press film, punch holes and sow seeds, and cover with soil after the cotton seedlings emerge, the soil covering roller of the seeder and the attached compaction roller should be removed to prevent rain damage.

[0049] In step S3, water with a mineralization of ≤3g / L is used for two drip irrigations, with an interval of 3-5 days. The drip irrigation working pressure is 3-7m, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7m; the drip volume each time is 18-25m³ / mu, for example 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 m³ / mu; and any one or any combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer is applied with the drip irrigation water during at least one drip irrigation.

[0050] In steps S2 and S3 above, the requirements for agricultural machinery are as follows: for every 3,000 mu, there should be one 250-horsepower tractor, one approximately 2m wide reversible five-furrow plow, one 4.5m wide diversion leveling frame, one drive harrow (for clay soil), two seeders with three 205cm seeding widths and navigation, one 16m wide sprayer (working liquid capacity 2000L), one cultivator, one soil sealing machine, and compatible power machinery, as well as other similar agricultural machinery (including power configuration) that can complete the workload of the method of this invention in a timely manner.

[0051] In step S4, the depth of inter-cultivation after sowing is 15-18cm, for example, 15, 16, 17 or 18cm; leave a protective film strip of 8-10cm, for example, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5 or 10cm.

[0052] In step S4, the soil covering is carried out mechanically on uncovered cotton fields within 1 to 2 days before or after the 3-leaf-1-heart stage.

[0053] In step S4, the first drip irrigation during the budding stage is from mid-May to early June of the same year, with an irrigation volume of 35-45 m³ / mu, for example, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42 or 45 m³ / mu. For cotton fields with high salinity and alkalinity, soil conditioner is applied along with the irrigation.

[0054] From 2023 to 2025, a high-yield demonstration field for machine-harvested cotton was established at Xinjiang Keyuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd. in Luntai County, Xinjiang. Five implementation examples were set up, each covering approximately 200 mu (about 13.3 hectares), with surrounding cotton fields serving as controls. To ensure the orderly connection between land preparation and sowing, agricultural machinery such as plows, harrows, and seeders were equipped according to the following standards per 3000 mu: one 250-horsepower tractor, one approximately 2-meter wide reversible five-furrow plow, one 4.5-meter wide diversion-type leveling frame, one drive harrow (specifically for clay soil), two 3-width 205cm seeders with navigation, one 16-meter wide sprayer (2000L working liquid capacity), one cultivator, one soil sealing machine, and compatible power machinery, as well as other similar agricultural machinery (including power configuration) capable of timely completing the workload described in this invention.

[0055] Example 1:

[0056] Year: 2022-2023. Specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0057] 1. Cotton field preparation

[0058] (1) Drip irrigation before machine harvesting

[0059] The selected cotton field was a sandy loam soil with a relatively high sand content (70% sand content), covering approximately 300 mu. Field surveys showed that 30% of the cotton bolls had opened, meeting the conditions for triggering drip irrigation. Drip irrigation was started on September 8, 2022, with a drip rate of 40 m³ / mu.

[0060] (2) Mechanized harvesting and subsequent preparations

[0061] On October 20, 2022, the soil was harvested by machine, at which time the relative moisture content of the soil was 41% (ensuring no wheel grooves after the machine compacted the soil). After the machine harvest, the recycling operation was carried out. Due to the heavy sandy nature of the soil (poor water and fertilizer retention), the residual film was not recycled in the same year. On April 1, 2023, the Xinjiang Boshiran residual film recycling machine (3m operating width) was used to recycle the film. At the same time, the Dongfanghong 1304 tractor drove the straw crusher (crushing length ≤10cm) to complete the return to the field.

[0062] 2. Land preparation and sowing

[0063] (1) Pre-sowing land preparation (moisture-preserving operations)

[0064] Before the operation, the relative soil moisture content of the cotton field was 41%, which was low. Continuous operation was adopted, starting on April 6, 2023. The following operations were completed in sequence within 2.5 days: plowing (70cm depth), residual film collection, harrowing (using a diversion-type leveling frame with a roller and compaction board but without notched harrows or spiked harrows), weeding, and sowing. The residual film was collected twice, once after the first diagonal harrowing and once before the last straight harrowing, using a raking residual film collection machine to collect the residual film from the cotton field. After land preparation, the cotton field needed to be "flat, broken, clean, and even" with a loose topsoil and a firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer in the cotton field to be sown was 40%.

[0065] (2) Sowing operations

[0066] The selected cotton variety was "Xinluzhong 67," suitable for machine harvesting. The selected seeder's seed nozzle was cross-shaped, 2.6 cm in length, and the sowing depth was 2.6 cm. The seeder's operation process included laying mulch, pressing the mulch, punching holes, and sowing the seeds. After the cotton seedlings emerged, the soil was covered to prevent rain damage.

[0067] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing

[0068] After sowing on April 8, 2023, drip irrigation was postponed to April 10 due to weather conditions (to avoid low temperatures). On April 10, drip irrigation was carried out using water with a mineralization of approximately 2.0 g / L. The first drip irrigation (25 m³ / mu) was followed by topdressing with 1.5-2.0 kg / mu of urea phosphate. The second drip irrigation (18 m³ / mu) was carried out on April 14. After each drip irrigation, a 2-3 cm wide strip of wet soil was maintained on the outer side of each cotton mulch film on both sides. 1.2 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer (50% organic matter content) was topdressed with the water. The drip irrigation tape used was an inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape produced by the Plastic Products Factory of Luntai County Yuanjiang Agricultural, Industrial and Trade Co., Ltd. (250 mm dripper spacing, 2.0 L / h dripper flow rate). The working pressure of the drip irrigation system was 3-7 m.

[0069] 4. Post-sowing management

[0070] Intertillage: Intertillage on April 10, 2023 (depth 15cm); during intertillage, leave a 10cm protective strip of mulch film;

[0071] Covering with soil: On May 6 (one day before the 3-leaf-1-heart stage), mechanical soil covering was carried out, with a soil covering thickness of about 1.5cm;

[0072] Watering during the budding stage: 45 m³ / mu on May 18th.

[0073] Other seedling protection and management methods in cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with drip irrigation in the local area.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Year: 2022-2023. Specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0076] 1. Cotton field preparation

[0077] (1) Drip irrigation before machine harvesting

[0078] The selected cotton field is sandy loam soil, about 200 mu. Before machine harvesting, drip irrigation was carried out on September 15, 2022 (7 days before spraying defoliant and ripening agent), with a drip volume of 40 m³ / mu.

[0079] (2) Mechanized harvesting and subsequent preparations

[0080] On October 27, 2022, cotton was harvested by machine using a Swan 4MZD-6 cotton harvester; on December 9, 2022, a residual film recycling machine and a straw crusher were used simultaneously.

[0081] 2. Land preparation and sowing

[0082] (1) Pre-sowing land preparation

[0083] On April 10, 2023, the land was plowed (60cm depth). On April 11, harrowing was carried out using a split-type leveling frame with a roller and compaction board (without notched harrows or spiked harrows). Land preparation was completed on April 12. During land preparation, soil chemical sealing weeding was implemented, and residual film was collected from the cotton field once using a raft-type residual film recycling machine. After land preparation, the cotton field should be "flat, broken, clean, and uniform," with a loose topsoil and a firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer in the cotton-sown field should be 49%.

[0084] (2) Sowing operations

[0085] Originally planned to be completed by April 10, 2023, sowing was rescheduled to April 12 due to forecasts of low temperatures following sowing. At that time, the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm under the film was consistently above 14.5℃. The cotton variety selected was "Xinluzhong 67," suitable for machine harvesting. The selected seeder had a cross-shaped seeder with a 2.8cm duckbill length. Sowing was completed on the morning of April 13. The seeder's operation consisted of laying the film, pressing the film, covering with soil, and punching holes. During the subsequent sowing and compaction, the seeder's seeder was installed at the rear to prevent misalignment.

[0086] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing

[0087] After sowing on April 8, 2023, drip irrigation was postponed to April 10 to avoid low temperatures. The first drip irrigation was carried out on the afternoon of April 13, using reservoir water with low mineralization (≤3g / L), with a drip rate of 23m³ / mu. The second drip irrigation was carried out on April 17, 2023 (19m³ / mu). After each drip irrigation, a 2-3cm wide strip of wet soil was maintained on the outer side of each cotton mulch film on both sides, and 1.8kg / mu of urea phosphate (N-P2O5=17-44) was applied with the irrigation water. The drip irrigation tape used was an inlaid patch type (250mm spacing between drippers, 1.8L / h flow rate), and the working pressure of the drip irrigation system was 3-7m.

[0088] 4. Post-sowing management

[0089] Intertillage: Intertillage was carried out on April 19, 2023 (depth 17cm); during intertillage, a 9cm protective strip of mulch film was left at the edge;

[0090] Bud stage drip irrigation: The first drip irrigation during the bud stage was on May 25, 2023, with a drip rate of 40 m³ / mu.

[0091] Other seedling protection and management methods in cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with drip irrigation in the local area.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] Year: 2023-2024. Specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0094] 1. Cotton field preparation

[0095] (1) Drip irrigation before machine harvesting

[0096] The selected cotton field, approximately 60 mu (about 4 hectares), was sandy loam soil with a relatively high sand content (65% sand and 15% clay). Before machine harvesting in 2023, the initial soil moisture content was 40% (relative water content). The cotton variety planted was "Xin 6015," suitable for machine harvesting. Drip irrigation was initiated on September 10, 2023, with a drip rate of 55 m³ / mu. At this time, brown spots (a sign of physiological maturity) were observed on many of the upper boll hulls of the cotton plants.

[0097] (2) Mechanized harvesting and subsequent preparations

[0098] On October 22, 2023, cotton was harvested by machine using a John Deere 9970 cotton harvester at a speed of 5 km / h, achieving a harvesting rate of 96%. The soil moisture in the cotton field before harvesting was 32% (ensuring no wheel furrows after the machine compaction and wheel track depth ≤2cm). Due to the sandy nature of the soil (poor water and fertilizer retention), no residual film was recycled that year after harvesting. On March 25, 2024 (15 days before spring sowing), a Xinjiang Boshiran residual film recycling machine (3m operating width) was used to recycle the mulch film, and simultaneously, a Dongfanghong 1304 tractor was used to drive a straw crusher (crushing length ≤10cm) to complete the return to the field.

[0099] 2. Land preparation and sowing

[0100] (1) Pre-sowing land preparation

[0101] On April 5, 2024, the land was plowed (65cm depth) using a Dongfanghong LX2504 tractor (250 horsepower) driving a 2m wide reversible five-furrow plow at a speed of 6km / h. On April 5, a scraper-type residual film collector (2.5m working width) was used to collect residual film once along the diagonal of the cotton field. On April 8 (2 days before sowing), a 4.5m wide diversion leveling frame (without notched harrows, spiked harrows, etc., but with a 50cm diameter press roller and a 2m long compaction screed) was used for harrowing at a speed of 8km / h. The soil particle size after harrowing was ≤2cm. On April 8, a 16m wide sprayer (2000L working liquid volume) was used to spray 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate (200mL per mu, diluted with 30L of water). After land preparation, cotton fields should be "flat, broken, clean, and even" with loose topsoil and firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer in cotton fields ready for sowing should be 45%.

[0102] (2) Sowing operations

[0103] On April 10, 2024, the soil temperature at a depth of 5cm under the film was stable at 14.6℃, with no rainfall forecast. A precision seeder with three 205cm widths and Beidou navigation was used. The selected cotton variety was "Xinluzhong 67", which is suitable for machine harvesting. The selected seeder had a cross-shaped hole seeder with a duckbill length of 3.0cm, a row spacing of 66cm + 10cm (wide and narrow rows), a plant spacing of 9.5cm, and a theoretical number of plants per mu (66,000-667 square meters). To prevent rain damage, the seeder operation process was to lay the film, press the film, punch holes, and sow the seeds. The soil was covered after the cotton seedlings emerged.

[0104] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing

[0105] The first drip irrigation was carried out on April 11, 2024, one day after sowing, using reservoir water with a mineralization of 2.5 g / L. The drip irrigation tape was an inlaid patch type, with a drip volume of 20 m³ per mu. After drip irrigation, the width of the wet soil strip outside the film was measured to be 2.5 cm (using a measuring tape). The second drip irrigation was carried out on April 15, with a drip volume of 22 m³ / mu. At the same time, 0.8 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (purity 98%) was applied with the irrigation water (injected at a uniform speed through the fertilizer tank, and the injection time was synchronized with the drip irrigation time). The drip irrigation tape used was an inlaid patch type drip irrigation tape produced by the Plastic Products Factory of Luntai County Yuanjiang Agricultural, Industrial and Trade Co., Ltd., with a dripper spacing of 250 mm, a dripper flow rate of 1.8 L / h, and a drip irrigation system working pressure of 3~7 m.

[0106] 4. Post-sowing management

[0107] Tillage: On April 16, 2024, a Dongfanghong 1204 tractor was used to drive a tiller (with adjustable hoe tooth depth) to tillage to a depth of 16cm, leaving a 9cm protective film strip on the side.

[0108] Covering with soil: On May 5th (about 1 day after the 3-leaf-1-heart stage, when the plant height is 8cm), use a special soil covering machine to cover the soil to a thickness of about 1.5cm;

[0109] Drip irrigation during the budding stage: On May 20th, drip irrigation of 40 m³ / mu, with topdressing of urea 1.2 kg / mu and diammonium phosphate 0.8 kg / mu.

[0110] Other seedling protection and management methods in cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with drip irrigation in the local area.

[0111] Example 4

[0112] Year: 2023-2024. Specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0113] 1. Cotton field preparation

[0114] (1) Drip irrigation before machine harvesting

[0115] The selected cotton field has a clay loam soil type (40% clay content, 30% sand content), covering an area of ​​approximately 80 mu (about 5.3 hectares). After plowing in 2023, the initial relative soil moisture content was 60%. The cotton variety was "Xinluzhong 121," suitable for machine harvesting. On September 14, 2023 (35% of the cotton bolls had opened), drip irrigation was applied at a rate of 50 m³ / mu (about 3.3 hectares), resulting in a soil relative moisture content of 64% after drip irrigation.

[0116] (2) Mechanized harvesting and subsequent preparations

[0117] On October 25, 2023, machine harvesting was carried out using a Boshiran 4MZD-6C cotton harvester, and on November 20-21, a residual film recycling machine and a straw crusher were used simultaneously.

[0118] 2. Land preparation and sowing

[0119] (1) Pre-sowing land preparation

[0120] On April 4, 2024, the land was plowed (50cm depth). After plowing, the relative soil moisture content was measured at 58% (>55%), and the soil was allowed to dry for 2.5 days. On April 6, a diversion-type leveling frame equipped with a notched harrow, a 60cm diameter roller, and a compaction screed was used. Simultaneously, some plots were broken up with a driven harrow (300r / min). After two passes, the soil particle size was ≤3cm. The residual film was collected once using a raft-type residual film recovery machine. On April 8, 48% trifluralin EC (150mL per mu) was sprayed, diluted with 40L of water, with the sprayer traveling at 7km / h. After land preparation, the cotton field needs to be "level, broken, clean, and uniform," with a loose topsoil and firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer in the cotton field to be sown should be 60%.

[0121] (2) Sowing operations

[0122] On April 9, 2024, the soil temperature 5cm below the film was stable at 15.2℃, with no rainfall forecast. The selected cotton variety was "Xinluzhong 67," which is suitable for machine harvesting. A precision seeder with three 205cm widths and Beidou navigation was used. The selected seeder's hill-seeder was cross-shaped with a duckbill length of 3.0cm. The seeder's operation steps were: laying film, pressing film, covering with soil, and punching holes. When sowing and compacting, the hill-seeder's hill-seeder was installed at the rear to avoid misalignment.

[0123] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing

[0124] The first drip irrigation was carried out on April 14, 2024, using water with a mineralization of 2.8 g / L. The drip irrigation tape was an inlaid patch type, with a dripper flow rate of 1.38 L / h, a dripper spacing of 300 mm, a drip irrigation system working pressure of 3-7 m, and a drip volume of 18 m³ / mu. The second drip irrigation was carried out on April 18, with a drip volume of 20 m³ / mu, and 1.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate was applied with the irrigation water. After each drip irrigation, the width of the wet soil strip on the outer side of each cotton mulch film was ensured to be 2-3 cm.

[0125] 4. Post-sowing management

[0126] Intertillage: Intertillage was carried out on April 19, 2024, to a depth of 18cm, with an 8cm protective strip left on the edge of the film;

[0127] Watering during the budding stage: The first watering during the budding stage was on June 5th, with a watering volume of 35 m³ / mu.

[0128] Other seedling protection and management methods in cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with drip irrigation in the local area.

[0129] Example 5

[0130] Year: 2024-2025. Specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0131] 1. Cotton field preparation

[0132] (1) Drip irrigation before machine harvesting

[0133] The selected cotton field is a clay loam soil with relatively high salinity (total salt content of 4.7‰ in the 0-20cm soil layer), covering an area of ​​70 mu. The cotton variety is "Xinluzhong 121" (a salt-tolerant variety) which is suitable for machine harvesting. On September 17, 2024, multiple brown spots appeared on the surface of the cotton boll husks in the cotton field. At the same time, drip irrigation of 25m³ / mu was carried out (the cotton field's boll opening rate reached more than 30%).

[0134] (2) Mechanized harvesting and subsequent preparations

[0135] Mechanized harvesting took place on November 2, 2024, and the plastic film and straw were recycled and crushed and returned to the field on November 15.

[0136] 2. Land preparation and sowing

[0137] (1) Pre-sowing land preparation

[0138] On April 10, 2025, the land was plowed (to a depth of 55cm); on April 13, harrowing was carried out (using a diversion-type leveling frame equipped with a notched harrow, rollers, press rollers, and compaction screeds). During this period, soil chemical sealing weeding was implemented, and residual film was collected from the cotton field twice using a raft-type residual film recycling machine, one after the first diagonal harrowing and the other before the last straight harrowing. After land preparation, the relative soil moisture content was 40%, and the cotton field achieved a state of "flatness, fragmentation, cleanliness, and uniformity," with a loose topsoil and a firm subsoil.

[0139] (2) Sowing operations

[0140] Sowing was carried out on April 13, 2025. The selected cotton variety was "Xinluzhong 67", which is suitable for machine harvesting. The selected seeder had a cross-shaped seeder with a duckbill length of 2.7cm, a row spacing of 66cm + 10cm (wide and narrow rows), a plant spacing of 9.5cm, and a theoretical number of plants per mu (667 square meters). To prevent rain damage, the seeder operation process was to lay the film, press the film, punch holes, and sow the seeds. The cotton seedlings were covered with soil after they emerged.

[0141] 3. Drip irrigation after sowing

[0142] The first drip irrigation was carried out on April 17, 2025, using water with a mineralization of 2.9 g / L. The drip irrigation tape was an inlaid patch type, with a dripper flow rate of 1.38 L / h, a dripper spacing of 300 mm, a drip irrigation system working pressure of 3-7 m, and a drip volume of 22 m³ / mu. The second drip irrigation was carried out on April 21, with a drip volume of 18 m³ / mu and 1.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate applied with the irrigation water. After drip irrigation, the width of the wet soil strip outside the film on both sides of each cotton field was ensured to be 2-3 cm, and the total soil salinity was 2.8‰.

[0143] 4. Post-sowing management

[0144] Intertillage: Intertillage was carried out on April 18, 2025, to a depth of 17cm, with a 9cm protective strip left on the edge of the film;

[0145] Covering with soil: On May 6 (the second day after the 3-leaf-1-heart stage), mechanical soil covering was carried out, with a soil covering thickness of about 1.2cm;

[0146] Drip irrigation during the budding stage: The first drip irrigation during the budding stage is on May 6th, with a drip volume of 40m³ / mu. Humic acid-based soil conditioner is applied with the irrigation water at a rate of 2.0kg / mu.

[0147] Other seedling protection and management methods in cotton fields are carried out in accordance with the conventional methods for high-yield cotton fields with drip irrigation in the local area.

[0148] In mid-to-late May of each implementation example cotton field, seedling survival rate and seedling condition surveys were conducted for each implementation example and the surrounding control. Yield measurements were performed at the end of September and the beginning of October of the same year. The data for each implementation example or control in Table 1 were obtained from surveys conducted at 3-5 randomly selected points in the cotton field of that implementation example or control, and then the average value was calculated. The survey area at each point was 66.7 m². 2 .

[0149] Table 1. Comparison of Effects of Examples

[0150] As shown in Table 1 above, the seedling survival rate and seed cotton yield of all two-year implementation examples were higher than those of the surrounding control, specifically including:

[0151] In 2023, the seedling survival rate increased by 5.8-7.0% compared to the surrounding control, with an average increase of 6.4%, indicating significantly better seedling conditions. The seed cotton yield increased by 28.5-51.9 kg / mu compared to the surrounding control, with an average increase of 40.2 kg / mu. In 2024, the seedling survival rate increased by 3.6-4.0% compared to the surrounding control, with an average increase of 3.8%, indicating an overall advantage in seedling conditions. The seed cotton yield increased by 22.3-40.4 kg / mu compared to the surrounding control, with an average increase of 31.4 kg / mu. In 2025, the seedling survival rate increased by 5.5% compared to the surrounding control, indicating an overall advantage in seedling conditions. The seed cotton yield increased by 103.4 kg / mu compared to the surrounding control.

[0152] In summary, the average seedling survival rate of the corresponding examples in the three years was 85.2%, an increase of 5.2 percentage points. The overall seedling condition was better than that of the surrounding control. The average seed cotton yield was 509.0 kg / mu, an increase of 58.3 kg / mu on average.

[0153] For the preferred embodiments of the present invention described above, common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics in the technical solutions are not described in detail; each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and the technical features involved in each embodiment can be combined with each other without conflicting with each other. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0154] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above embodiments can be improved and modified in various ways without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing favorable seedling conditions in machine-harvested cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1. Cotton field preparation, including: Step 1.

1. Drip irrigation before machine harvesting: Before machine harvesting, when multiple brown or dark brown spots appear on the surface of the upper cotton boll shell or when more than 30% of the cotton bolls have opened, add one more drip irrigation; Step 1.

2. Mechanized Harvesting and Subsequent Preparations: Mechanized harvesting should take place after October 20th of the previous year. After harvesting, cotton fields with sandy soil should complete the drip irrigation tape, plastic film recycling, and straw crushing and returning to the field before spring sowing in the following year. Cotton fields with other soil types should complete the above operations within 45 days after harvesting. Step 2. Land preparation and sowing, including: Step 2.

1. Pre-sowing land preparation: This includes plowing, harrowing, and soil chemical sealing for weed control. The plowing depth during land preparation is 50-70cm. The plowing angle is adjusted according to the deep plowing depth and plowshare angle at the work site. Usually, the plowshare angle is adjusted to 18-22° for cotton fields with relatively light salinity and alkalinity, and lowered to 15-18° for other cotton fields with heavier salinity and alkalinity to avoid turning over the subsoil. No chemical fertilizers are applied before plowing. Residual plastic film is recycled 1-2 times during land preparation. After land preparation, the cotton field should meet the standards of "flat, broken, clean, and uniform" and have a loose topsoil and firm subsoil. The relative moisture content of the topsoil layer is 40-60%. Step 2.

2. Sowing operations: Select a sowing time to avoid more than 5 consecutive days of low temperature and humid weather after sowing; use a seeder for sowing, and the operation includes laying film, pressing film, punching holes, sowing seeds and covering with soil. The drip irrigation tape is an inlaid patch type, and the dripper flow rate is 1.38L / h, 1.8L / h or 2.0L / h. Step 3. Drip irrigation after sowing, including: completing drip irrigation within 5 days after sowing, drip irrigation to the width of the wet soil strip on the outer side of each cotton mulch film on both sides of the field is 2-3 cm; Step 4. Post-sowing management, including: cultivation, covering with soil, and drip irrigation during the budding stage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1.1, when the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is between September 8th and 15th of the previous year or one week before spraying the defoliant and ripening agent, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to 30-55 m³ / mu; when the drip irrigation before machine harvesting is after September 16th of the previous year, the drip irrigation volume is adjusted to within 25 m³ / mu.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, when the relative soil moisture content is greater than 55% after plowing, the soil should be dried for 1-2 days before harrowing. For cotton fields with heavy sand or when the soil moisture is low, plowing, harrowing, soil chemical sealing weeding and sowing should be carried out continuously without interruption.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2.1, for cotton fields with sandy soil, land preparation should be completed 2-4 days before sowing. The harrowing machinery should use harrow sets without notched harrows or spiked harrows, and should be equipped with a diversion leveling frame with a press roller and a compaction smearing plate. For cotton fields with other soil types, land preparation should be completed 4-6 days before sowing. For cotton fields with heavy clay soil or large soil clods that are difficult to break, the harrowing machinery should be equipped with a notched harrow, a press roller, and a compaction smearing plate.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2.2, the duckbill of the seeder is cross-shaped and has a length of 2.6~3.0cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2.2, when the operation process is to lay film, press film, cover with soil, punch holes, sow seeds and press down, the seeder of the seeder should be installed afterward; when the process is to lay film, press film, punch holes and sow seeds, and cover with soil after the cotton seedlings emerge, the soil covering roller and the attached pressing roller of the seeder should be removed.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, water with a mineralization of ≤3g / L is used for two drip irrigations, with an interval of 3-5 days. The drip irrigation working pressure is 3-7m, and the drip volume is 18-25m³ / mu each time. In at least one drip irrigation, any one or any combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer are applied with the water.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In step 4, the depth of the inter-cultivation after sowing is 15-18cm, with an 8-10cm protective film strip left on the edge.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In step 4, the soil covering is carried out mechanically on uncovered cotton fields within 1 to 2 days before or after the 3-leaf-1-heart stage.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, In step 4, the first drip irrigation during the budding stage is from mid-May to early June of the same year, with an irrigation volume of 35-45 m³ / mu. For cotton fields with high salinity, soil conditioner is applied along with the irrigation.

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