Water-substrate monitoring device for water area of coal mining subsidence area

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring device for water-sediment in a water area of a coal mining subsidence area. The monitoring device comprises a lifting rod, a water quality monitoring part and a sediment monitoring part, wherein the water quality monitoring part and the sediment monitoring part ascend and descend on the lifting rod; the water quality monitoring part comprises an upper shell, a lifting driving part and a plurality of water quality detection units, the upper shell is installed on the lifting rod, the lifting driving part is installed on the upper shell, the water quality detection units are installed on the surface of the upper shell and distributed at intervals in the height direction, and each water quality detection unit is provided with a water quality reaction sensor; the bottom mud monitoring part comprises a lower shell, a movable driving part and a plurality of soil concentration detection units, the lower shell is installed on the lifting rod, the movable driving part is installed on the lower shell, and the soil concentration detection units are installed on the surface of the lower shell and distributed at intervals in the height direction; according to the application, the chemical performance and the sediment concentration of the water area water and sediment interface of the coal mining subsidence area can be monitored in real time, so that relevant monitoring data can be obtained, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of monitoring water bodies and sediments in ecological and environmental areas, specifically relating to a monitoring device for water and sediment in coal mining subsidence areas. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mining subsidence area water bodies are unique terrestrial still-water ecosystems formed due to surface subsidence and groundwater seepage above the surface caused by coal mining. The unique characteristics of these ecosystems are: ① The water bodies in subsidence areas have complex replenishment sources, including surface runoff, groundwater, domestic sewage, and mine wastewater; ② The complex composition of the water bodies and their substrate in coal mining subsidence areas may lead to uneven distribution of substrate hardness.

[0003] As the sediment in the subsidence area sinks, the physicochemical environment near the water-soil interface in the subsidence area is also undergoing complex and dynamic changes. This may affect the migration and change of pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem, water quality, and the surface environment. Therefore, existing technologies typically employ manual sampling of the water-soil interface at different depths, followed by testing of the water's acidity, alkalinity, redox environment, and other chemical properties to assess water quality. Simultaneously, soil samples can be manually collected from the sediment interface at different depths, and their concentration and chemical properties can be tested to determine the looseness of the sediment and other sediment conditions.

[0004] Manually extracting water and sediment samples from the subsidence area's water body and its substrate interface is used to assess water pollution levels and determine the looseness of the substrate. However, manual monitoring faces challenges due to the difficulty of sampling water and sediment at the interface in coal mining subsidence areas, and this method often suffers from latency and detection delays. Furthermore, current technologies lack the capability to monitor the chemical properties and sediment concentration of the subsidence area's water and substrate interface based on depth gradients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a monitoring device for water-substrate interface in coal mining subsidence areas, which can monitor the chemical properties and sediment concentration of the water-substrate interface in coal mining subsidence areas in real time, so as to obtain relevant monitoring data in a timely manner, save labor costs, and improve work efficiency.

[0006] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A monitoring device for the water-substrate interface in a subsidence area, the monitoring device comprising a lifting rod, and water quality monitoring components and sediment monitoring components that both move up and down on the lifting rod;

[0008] The water quality monitoring device includes an upper housing, a lifting drive, and several water quality detection units. The upper housing is mounted on a lifting rod, and the lifting drive is mounted on the upper housing. The upper housing moves up and down on the lifting rod via the lifting drive. Several water quality detection units are mounted on the surface of the upper housing and are spaced apart along the height direction. Each water quality detection unit has a water quality reaction sensor.

[0009] The sediment monitoring device includes a lower housing, a moving drive, and several soil concentration detection units. The lower housing is mounted on a lifting rod, and the moving drive is mounted on the lower housing. The lower housing moves up and down on the lifting rod via the moving drive. Several soil concentration detection units are mounted on the surface of the lower housing and are spaced apart along the height direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the lifting rod is a screw, and the lifting drive component includes a first rotating component, a drive gear, and a transmission gear. The first rotating component is mounted on the upper housing, the drive gear is fixed to the rotating end of the first rotating component, and the transmission gear is fixed to the upper housing. The transmission gear meshes with the drive gear, and the transmission gear has a screw hole. The screw hole thread passes through the upper housing, and the lifting rod is adapted to the screw hole thread.

[0011] Furthermore, the water quality detection unit includes several tanks and several telescopic components. The water quality reaction sensor is located inside the tank. The several tanks are distributed at equal angles around the screw along the circumferential direction on the surface of the upper shell. The tanks have liquid inlet holes. The several telescopic components correspond to the several tanks respectively. The telescopic components are installed on the surface of the upper shell. The telescopic ends of the telescopic components are directly opposite the liquid inlet holes to open and close the liquid inlet holes.

[0012] Furthermore, a magnetic sealing ring is provided at the opening of the liquid inlet. The telescopic component includes a guide tube, a telescopic spring, and a sealing ball. One end of the guide tube is fixed to the surface of the upper housing, and the other end of the guide tube corresponds to the liquid inlet. The telescopic spring is inserted into the guide tube, and one end of the telescopic spring is fixed to the surface of the upper housing. The sealing ball is fixed to the other end of the telescopic spring. The two ends of the telescopic spring are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the circuit board, respectively. When the telescopic spring returns to its original position and extends, the sealing ball is attracted to the magnetic sealing ring and seals the liquid inlet.

[0013] Furthermore, a cone-shaped block is fixed to the lower end face of the lower housing, the lifting rod is a screw, and the moving drive component includes a rotating component, a driving gear, and a driven gear. The rotating component is mounted on the lower housing, the driving gear is fixed to the rotating end of the rotating component, the driven gear is fixed to the lower housing, the driven gear meshes with the driving gear, and the driven gear has a threaded hole that extends through the lower housing. The lifting rod is threaded to the threaded hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil concentration detection unit includes several detection modules distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the lifting rod. Each detection module includes a sealing cavity, an extension member, and a squeezing member. The sealing cavity is installed on the surface of the lower housing, and the bottom surface of the sealing cavity has an opening for sludge discharge. The extension member is installed on the lower housing, and the extension end of the extension member is provided with an extension plate with filter holes. The squeezing member is installed on the sealing cavity, and the squeezing end of the squeezing member is provided with a squeezing plate located inside the sealing cavity. When the extension member extends, the extension plate covers and seals the opening, and the squeezing plate squeezes the sludge in the sealing cavity toward the extension plate through the squeezing action of the squeezing member.

[0015] Furthermore, the soil concentration detection unit also includes a synchronous contraction component, which consists of several protruding components. The surface of the lower housing has several slots, each corresponding to a detection module. The slots are for the protruding plates to be inserted into. The interior of the lower housing has an annular groove that communicates with the slots. The surface of the lower housing has an insertion hole that communicates with the annular groove. The slots, the annular groove, and the insertion hole form a compression chamber filled with liquid. The synchronous contraction component includes a pusher, a push rod, and a compression ring. The pusher is mounted on the lower housing, and the push rod is mounted on the protruding end of the pusher. The push rod is inserted into the insertion hole. The compression ring is fixed to the end of the push rod away from the pusher and is inserted into the annular groove. The pusher extends and retracts the push rod, using the compression ring to squeeze the liquid in the compression chamber to control the protruding plates to extend out or into the slots.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil concentration detection unit also includes an intermittent pressing component, which is a plurality of the aforementioned extrusion components. The intermittent pressing component includes a second rotating component, a direct-drive gear, an internal gear ring, a compression spring, and a pressing block. The second rotating component is mounted on the lower housing, and the direct-drive gear is fixedly connected to the rotating end of the second rotating component. An outer ring groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the lower housing, and the internal gear ring is rotatably mounted within the outer ring groove. The direct-drive gear meshes with the inner tooth surface of the internal gear ring, which is located on the top surface of a plurality of sealing cavities. A straight rod is fixedly connected to the top surface of the extrusion plate, and the straight rod penetrates the top surface of the sealing cavity. When the sealed cavity is filled with mud, the bottom surface of the internal gear ring abuts against the top of the straight rod. The bottom surface of the internal gear ring has a groove. One end of the compression spring is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the groove, and the pressing block is fixed to the other end of the compression spring. The outer surface of the pressing block about the arc direction of the internal gear ring is an arc-shaped surface, and it transitions to the bottom surface of the internal gear ring with an arc. When the compression spring is in its natural state, the bottom surface of the pressing block abuts against the top surface of the sealed cavity. The second rotating component drives the direct drive gear to rotate and drives the internal gear ring to rotate, so that the pressing block presses the extrusion component downward through its arc-shaped surface, so that the extrusion plate of the extrusion component compresses the mud in the sealed cavity.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower housing is provided with a clearance groove between adjacent soil concentration detection units, which provides space for the synchronous contraction component and intermittent pushing component of the soil concentration detection unit below.

[0018] Furthermore, this application also includes an inflatable boat, a fixed plate, several pull ropes, and a counterweight; the inflatable boat has a through hole in the middle, the fixed plate is fixed to the top surface of the inflatable boat, the top of the lifting rod is fixed to the fixed plate through the through hole, several pull ropes are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the inflatable boat, one end of the pull rope is fixed to the bottom surface of the inflatable boat, and the counterweight is fixed to the other end of the pull rope.

[0019] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This application achieves real-time monitoring of the water and sediment interface in a coal mining subsidence area by placing a lifting boom in the bottom sediment interface and utilizing water quality monitoring devices and sediment monitoring devices that move up and down the boom. The water quality monitoring device has multiple water quality detection units mounted on its upper shell along the height direction and uses a water quality reaction sensor to detect the water quality, thus enabling real-time water quality monitoring at different heights within the subsidence area. Compared to existing technologies that rely on manual sampling for water quality testing, this device offers a more convenient and efficient structure and usage. Simultaneously, the sediment monitoring device, driven by a movable actuator, enters the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area to detect the sediment. This device uses multiple sediment concentration detection units mounted along the height direction to monitor the sediment concentration at different heights in real time. Compared to existing technologies that rely on manual excavation of sediment from the bottom sediment interface for sediment concentration testing, this device offers a more convenient and efficient structure and usage. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application, with a partial cross-section of the inflatable boat shown in the figure.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water quality monitoring device in this application.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sediment monitoring device of this application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is an exploded and partial cross-sectional view of the sediment monitoring device of this application.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point D.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Inflatable boat; 11. Through hole; 12. Pull rope; 13. Counterweight;

[0031] 2. Fixed plate; 21. Lifting rod;

[0032] a. Water quality monitoring equipment;

[0033] 3. Upper shell; 31. Screw hole;

[0034] 4. Lifting drive component; 41. First rotating component; 42. Drive gear; 43. Transmission gear;

[0035] 5. Water quality testing unit; 51. Tank body; 511. Liquid inlet; 52. Guide tube; 53. Telescopic spring; 54. Sealing ball;

[0036] b. Sediment monitoring components;

[0037] 6. Lower housing; 61. Threaded hole; 62. Clear groove; 63. Compression chamber; 631. Slot; 632. Annular groove; 633. Insertion hole; 64. Outer annular groove; 65. Conical block;

[0038] 7. Moving drive component; 71. Rotating component; 72. Driving gear; 73. Driven gear;

[0039] c. Soil concentration detection unit;

[0040] 8. Detection module; 81. Sealed cavity; 811. Opening; 82. Protruding plate; 821. Filter hole; 83. Extrusion plate; 831. Straight rod;

[0041] 9. Synchronous contraction component; 91. Pushing component; 92. Push rod; 93. Compression ring;

[0042] 10. Intermittent pushing component; 101. Second rotating component; 102. Direct drive gear; 103. Internal gear ring; 1031. Slot; 104. Compression spring; 105. Pressing block. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Terms such as “upper,” “inner,” “middle,” “left,” “right,” and “one” used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the present application.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The present application embodiment shows a water-bottom sediment monitoring device for a coal mining subsidence area. The monitoring device includes an inflatable boat 1, several ropes 12, several counterweights 13, a fixed plate 2, a lifting rod 21, and water quality monitoring components a and bottom sediment monitoring components b, which move up and down on the lifting rod 21.

[0045] The inflatable boat 1 floats on the surface of the water in the coal mining subsidence area during use. The inflatable boat 1 has a through hole 11 in the middle. Several ropes 12 are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the inflatable boat 1 along the circumference. One end of the rope 12 is fixed to the bottom surface of the inflatable boat 1. The number of counterweights 13 corresponds to the number of ropes 12. The counterweights 13 are fixed to the other end of the ropes 12 so that the ropes 12 sink into the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area water to keep the inflatable boat 1 relatively fixed.

[0046] The fixed plate 2 is fixed to the top surface of the inflatable boat 1. The lifting rod 21 is a screw rod. The top end of the lifting rod 21 is fixed to the fixed plate 2 through the through hole 11. The bottom part of the lifting rod 21 extends into the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area. The water quality monitoring device a is located in the water of the subsidence area and can move up and down on the lifting rod 21 to monitor the water quality at different heights in the water in real time. The bottom sediment monitoring device b is located in the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area and can move up and down on the lifting rod 21 to monitor the sediment concentration at different heights of the bottom sediment interface in real time.

[0047] Please continue reading. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The water quality monitoring device a includes an upper housing 3, a lifting drive 4, and several water quality detection units 5. The upper housing 3 is cylindrical and threaded onto the lifting rod 21. The upper housing 3 and the lifting rod 21 are coaxially arranged. The lifting drive 4 is installed on the upper housing 3 and is driven by the lifting drive 4 to move up and down on the lifting rod 21. Several water quality detection units 5 are installed on the surface of the upper housing 3 and are evenly distributed along the height direction. The water quality detection units 5 have water quality reaction sensors to monitor the water quality of different heights in the subsidence area in real time.

[0048] The lifting drive component 4 includes a first rotating component 41, a drive gear 42, and a transmission gear 43. The first rotating component 41 is powered by a motor and is mounted on the upper housing 3. The drive gear 42 is fixed to the rotating end of the first rotating component 41, and the transmission gear 43 is fixed to the top surface of the upper housing 3. The transmission gear 43 is coaxially arranged with the upper housing 3 and meshes with the drive gear 42. The transmission gear 43 has a threaded hole 31 that threaded through the upper housing 3. The lifting rod 21 is threaded into the threaded hole 31. Driven by the rotation of the first rotating component 41, the drive gear 42 rotates, which in turn drives the transmission gear 43 and the upper housing 3 to rotate, causing the upper housing 3 to move up and down along the lifting rod 21.

[0049] The water quality detection unit 5 includes several tanks 51 and several telescopic components. The water quality reaction sensor is located inside the tank 51. The tanks 51 are distributed at equal angles around the screw along the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the upper shell 3. The top of the tank 51 has a liquid inlet hole 511, and the opening of the liquid inlet hole 511 is provided with a magnetic sealing ring. The telescopic components correspond to the tanks 51 respectively. The telescopic components are installed on the surface of the upper shell 3. The telescopic ends of the telescopic components are directly opposite the liquid inlet hole 511 to open and close the liquid inlet hole 511, thereby controlling the water from different water levels to enter the tanks 51. The water quality reaction sensor is used to detect the water in the tanks 51, thereby realizing the function of real-time monitoring of water levels at different heights.

[0050] In this embodiment, the telescopic component includes a guide tube 52, a telescopic spring 53, and a sealing ball 54 made of metal. One end of the guide tube 52 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper housing 3, and the other end of the guide tube 52 corresponds to the liquid inlet 511. The telescopic spring 53 is inserted into the guide tube 52, with one end fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the upper housing 3. The sealing ball 54 is fixed to the other end of the telescopic spring 53. The two ends of the telescopic spring 53 are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the circuit board, respectively, so that the telescopic spring 53 can be controlled to telescopically move by the power supply of the circuit board. When the telescopic spring 53 is extended and reset, it pushes the sealing ball 54 toward the liquid inlet 511 so that the sealing ball 54 is attracted to the magnetic sealing ring and seals the liquid inlet 511. Conversely, when the circuit board powers the two ends of the telescopic spring 53, the telescopic spring 53 contracts to pull the sealing ball 54, thereby causing the sealing ball 54 to disengage from the liquid inlet 511, so that water at the current height of the water body enters the tank 51, and the water quality of the water in the tank 51 is detected by a water quality reaction sensor.

[0051] Qing Reference Figures 4 to 8The sediment monitoring device b includes a lower housing 6, a cone block, a moving drive 7, and several soil concentration detection units c. The lower housing 6 is cylindrical and threaded onto the lifting rod 21. The lower housing 6 and the lifting rod 21 are coaxially arranged. The cone block 65 is fixed to the bottom surface of the lower housing 6. The moving drive 7 is installed on the lower housing 6. The lower housing 6 is driven by the moving drive 7 to move up and down on the lifting rod 21. The cone block 65 can improve the ability of the lower housing 6 to penetrate into the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area. Several soil concentration detection units c are installed on the surface of the lower housing 6 and distributed at intervals along the height direction to detect the soil concentration at different heights in the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area in real time.

[0052] The moving drive component 7 includes a rotating component 71, a driving gear 72, and a driven gear 73. The rotating component 71 is powered by a motor and is mounted on the top surface of the lower housing 6. The driving gear 72 is fixed to the rotating end of the rotating component 71, and the driven gear 73 is fixed to the top surface of the lower housing 6. The driven gear 73 is coaxially arranged with the lower housing 6 and meshes with the driving gear 72. The driven gear 73 has a threaded hole 61, which threads through the lower housing 6 and the conical block 65. The lifting rod 21 is threadedly fitted with the threaded hole 61. Under the driving action of the rotating component 71, the driving gear 72 rotates, which in turn drives the driven gear 73 and the lower housing 6 to rotate. This causes the lower housing 6 to move up and down on the lifting rod 21, and utilizes the conical shape of the conical block 65 to penetrate or extend the lower housing 6 into the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area.

[0053] The soil concentration detection unit c includes several detection modules 8 distributed at equal angles around the lifting rod 21 along the circumference. Each detection module 8 includes a sealing cavity 81, an extension member, and a squeezing member. The sealing cavity 81 is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the lower housing 6. The bottom surface of the sealing cavity 81 has an opening 811 for sludge discharge. When the opening 811 is open, the lower housing 6 can be moved downwards by a certain distance via the moving drive member 7, thereby allowing sludge to be discharged from the opening 811 into the sealing cavity 81, thus enabling the sealing cavity 81 to collect sludge at a specified height. The extension member can be an electric cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or pneumatic cylinder, etc., with an extension function. The extension member is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the lower housing 6 to achieve the extension function. The extension end of the extension member is provided with an extension plate 82, which has several filter holes 82. 1. The aperture of the filter hole 821 is smaller than the diameter of the fine sand in the soil. The extrusion can be achieved by using components with extension functions such as electric cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, or pneumatic cylinders. The extrusion component is installed on the top surface of the sealing cavity 81, and the extension end of the extrusion component penetrates the top surface of the sealing cavity 81. The extrusion end of the extrusion component is provided with an extrusion plate 83, which is located inside the sealing cavity 81. The outer circumferential surface of the extrusion plate 83 abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the sealing cavity 81. Through the extrusion action of the extrusion component, the extrusion plate 83 moves up and down inside the sealing cavity 81. When the extension component extends, the extension plate 82 covers and seals the opening 811. The extrusion plate 83 extrudes the sludge inside the sealing cavity 81 towards the extension plate 82 through the extrusion action of the extrusion component.

[0054] The soil concentration detection unit c in this embodiment also includes a synchronous contraction member 9 and an intermittent pushing member 10. The synchronous contraction member 9 consists of several extension members, which can realize the extension or contraction movement of several extension plates 82, thereby replacing the use of several extension members to control the movement of a single extension plate 82, so as to simplify the structure. The intermittent pushing member 10 consists of several extrusion members, which can compress the extrusion plates 83 one by one according to the movement sequence, so as to compress the sludge in the single sealed cavity 81, thereby allowing the water in the sludge to be discharged from the filter hole 821. The extrusion distance of the extrusion plate 83 can be calculated by the control system to obtain the ratio between the volume of the extruded soil in the sealed cavity 81 and the volume of the sealed cavity 81, thereby obtaining the soil concentration data of the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area at the current height position.

[0055] To facilitate the structural setup and installation of the synchronous shrinkage component 9 and the intermittent pushing component 10 in the single soil concentration detection unit c, the lower housing 6 is provided with a clearance groove 62 between adjacent soil concentration detection units c. The clearance groove 62 provides space for the setup and installation of the synchronous shrinkage component 9 and the intermittent pushing component 10 of the lower soil concentration detection unit c.

[0056] In the single soil concentration detection unit c, the outer circumferential surface of the lower housing 6 is provided with several slots 631, which correspond to several detection modules 8. The slots 631 are for the insertion and engagement of the extension plate 82. The interior of the lower housing 6 is provided with an annular groove 632, which is coaxially arranged with the lifting rod 21 and extends upward. The bottom surface of the annular groove 632 is connected to the slots 631. The top surface of the lower housing 6 or the inner bottom surface of the clearance groove 62 is provided with insertion holes 633, which are connected to the annular groove 632. The slots 631, the annular groove 632, and the insertion holes 633 form a compression chamber 63, which is filled with liquid. The synchronous contraction component 9 includes a pusher 91. The pusher 91 is a component with an extension function, such as an electric cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or pneumatic cylinder. The pusher 91 is installed on the top surface of the lower housing 6 or the bottom surface of the clearance groove 62. The pusher 92 is installed on the extended end of the pusher 91 and is inserted into the insertion hole 633. The compression ring 93 is fixed to the end of the pusher 92 away from the pusher 91 and is inserted into the annular groove 632. The pusher 91 extends and retracts the pusher 92 so that the compression ring 93 squeezes the liquid in the compression chamber 63 to control several extension plates 82 to simultaneously push out or extend into the slot 631. When the extension plate 82 pushes out of the slot 631, the extension plate 82 covers and seals the opening 811 of the sealing chamber 81.

[0057] In the single soil concentration detection unit c, the intermittent pressing component 10 includes a second rotating component 101, a direct drive gear 102, an internal gear ring 103, a compression spring 104, and a pressing block 105. The second rotating component 101 is powered by a motor and is mounted on the top surface of the lower housing 6 or the bottom surface of the clearance groove 62. The direct drive gear 102 is fixed to the rotating end of the second rotating component 101. An outer ring groove 64 is provided on the outer periphery of the top surface of the lower housing 6 or the outer periphery of the bottom surface of the clearance groove 62. The internal gear ring 103 is rotatably mounted in the outer ring groove 64, and the direct drive gear 102 meshes with the inner tooth surface of the internal gear ring 103. The outer peripheral surface of the internal gear ring 103 protrudes from the outer peripheral surface of the lower housing 6 and is located on the top surface of several sealing cavities 81. A straight rod 831 is fixed to the top surface of the sealing cavity 81. The straight rod 831 passes through the top surface of the sealing cavity 81. The top surface of the straight rod 831 is spherical. When the sealing cavity 81 is filled with soil, the bottom surface of the internal gear ring 103 abuts against the top of the straight rod 831. A groove 1031 is opened on the bottom surface of the internal gear ring 103. One end of the compression spring 104 is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the groove 1031. The pressing block 105 is fixed to the other end of the compression spring 104. The pressing block 105 can extend into the groove 1031. The outer surface of the pressing block 105 about the arc direction of the internal gear ring 103 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped surface about the bottom surface of the internal gear ring 103 is arc-shaped. When the compression spring 104 is in its natural state, the bottom surface of the pressing block 105 abuts against the top surface of the sealing cavity 81.

[0058] When the monitoring device of this application is in operation, several sealed cavities 81 are filled with sludge. Driven by the synchronous contraction member 9, several protruding plates 82 cover and seal the corresponding openings 811. The second rotating member 101 drives the direct-drive gear 102 to rotate, which in turn drives the internal gear ring 103 to rotate. During the rotation of the internal gear ring 103, the pressing block 105, through its arc-shaped surface, causes the top end of the straight rod 831 to move on the arc-shaped surface of the pressing member. Simultaneously, under the squeezing action of the compression spring 104, the straight rod 831 and the squeezing plate 83 are gradually pushed to compress the sludge in the sealed cavities 81, thereby allowing the water in the sludge to be discharged from the filter holes 821. The movement interval of the squeezing plate 83 is then used to obtain the soil concentration in the sludge within the sealed cavities 81. At the same time, the intermittent pushing member 10 enables periodic real-time monitoring of the soil concentration in the sludge at the bottom sediment interface of the subsidence area.

[0059] In summary, this application achieves real-time monitoring of the water and sediment interface in the coal mining subsidence area by placing the lifting rod 21 in the bottom sediment interface and utilizing the water quality monitoring component a and the bottom sediment monitoring component b, which move up and down on the lifting rod 21. Specifically, the water quality monitoring component has multiple water quality detection units 5 arranged along the height direction on the upper shell 3, and uses a water quality reaction sensor to detect the water quality, thereby achieving real-time water quality monitoring at different heights in the subsidence area. Compared to the existing technology that uses manual sampling for water quality testing, this water quality monitoring component has a more convenient and efficient structure and usage. Meanwhile, sediment monitoring device b can enter the sediment interface of the subsidence area through the driving action of the movable drive component to detect the sediment below the water-sediment interface. Sediment monitoring device b has multiple sediment concentration detection units set along the height direction. These sediment concentration detection units are used to detect the sediment concentration at different heights in real time. Compared with the existing technology of manually digging sediment from the sediment interface for sediment concentration detection, the structure and usage of sediment monitoring device b are more convenient and efficient.

[0060] The implementation methods of this application are not limited to these. Based on the above content of this application, and using common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field, this application can also make other forms of modifications, substitutions or combinations without departing from the basic technical concept of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for water-bottom sediment in a coal mining subsidence area, characterized in that, The monitoring device includes a lifting rod, and water quality monitoring components and sediment monitoring components that move up and down on the lifting rod; The water quality monitoring device includes an upper housing, a lifting drive, and several water quality detection units. The upper housing is mounted on a lifting rod, and the lifting drive is mounted on the upper housing. The upper housing moves up and down on the lifting rod via the lifting drive. Several water quality detection units are mounted on the surface of the upper housing and are spaced apart along the height direction. Each water quality detection unit has a water quality reaction sensor. The sediment monitoring device includes a lower housing, a moving drive, and several soil concentration detection units. The lower housing is mounted on a lifting rod, and the moving drive is mounted on the lower housing. The lower housing moves up and down on the lifting rod via the moving drive. Several soil concentration detection units are mounted on the surface of the lower housing and are spaced apart along the height direction.

2. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting rod is a screw, and the lifting drive includes a first rotating part, a drive gear, and a transmission gear. The first rotating part is mounted on the upper housing, the drive gear is fixed to the rotating end of the first rotating part, and the transmission gear is fixed to the upper housing. The transmission gear meshes with the drive gear, and the transmission gear has a screw hole. The screw hole thread passes through the upper housing, and the lifting rod is adapted to the screw hole thread.

3. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water quality detection unit includes several tanks and several telescopic components. The water quality reaction sensor is located inside the tank. The several tanks are distributed at equal angles around the screw along the circumferential direction on the surface of the upper shell. The tank has a liquid inlet hole. The several telescopic components correspond to the several tanks respectively. The telescopic components are installed on the surface of the upper shell. The telescopic end of the telescopic component is directly opposite the liquid inlet hole to open and close the liquid inlet hole.

4. The monitoring device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet hole is equipped with a magnetic sealing ring. The telescopic component includes a guide tube, a telescopic spring, and a sealing ball. One end of the guide tube is fixed to the surface of the upper housing, and the other end of the guide tube corresponds to the inlet hole. The telescopic spring is inserted into the guide tube, and one end of the telescopic spring is fixed to the surface of the upper housing. The sealing ball is fixed to the other end of the telescopic spring. The two ends of the telescopic spring are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the circuit board, respectively. When the telescopic spring returns to its original position and extends, the sealing ball is attracted to the magnetic sealing ring and seals the inlet hole.

5. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A cone-shaped block is fixed to the lower end face of the lower housing. The lifting rod is a screw. The moving drive component includes a rotating component, a driving gear, and a driven gear. The rotating component is mounted on the lower housing. The driving gear is fixed to the rotating end of the rotating component. The driven gear is fixed to the lower housing. The driven gear meshes with the driving gear. The driven gear has a threaded hole. The threaded hole threaded through the lower housing. The lifting rod is threaded to the threaded hole.

6. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soil concentration detection unit includes several detection modules evenly distributed around the lifting rod along the circumference. Each detection module includes a sealing cavity, an extension, and a squeezing component. The sealing cavity is installed on the surface of the lower housing, and its bottom surface has an opening for sludge discharge. The extension is installed on the lower housing, and its extension end is provided with an extension plate with filter holes. The squeezing component is installed on the sealing cavity, and its squeezing end is provided with a squeezing plate located inside the sealing cavity. When the extension extends, the extension plate covers and seals the opening, and the squeezing plate squeezes the sludge inside the sealing cavity towards the extension plate through the squeezing action of the squeezing component.

7. The monitoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The soil concentration detection unit also includes a synchronous contraction component, which consists of several extension components. The surface of the lower housing has several slots, each corresponding to a detection module. The slots are for the extension plates to be inserted into. The interior of the lower housing has an annular groove that communicates with the slots. The surface of the lower housing has an insertion hole that communicates with the annular groove. The slots, the annular groove, and the insertion hole form a compression chamber filled with liquid. The synchronous contraction component includes a pusher, a push rod, and a compression ring. The pusher is mounted on the lower housing, and the push rod is mounted on the extension end of the pusher. The push rod is inserted into the insertion hole. The compression ring is fixed to the end of the push rod away from the pusher and is inserted into the annular groove. The pusher extends and retracts the push rod, and the compression ring squeezes the liquid in the compression chamber to control the extension plates to be pushed out or inserted into the slots.

8. The monitoring device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The soil concentration detection unit further includes an intermittent pressing component, which is a plurality of the aforementioned extrusion components. The intermittent pressing component includes a second rotating component, a direct-drive gear, an internal gear ring, a compression spring, and a pressing block. The second rotating component is mounted on the lower housing. The direct-drive gear is fixedly connected to the rotating end of the second rotating component. An outer ring groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the lower housing. The internal gear ring is rotatably mounted in the outer ring groove. The direct-drive gear meshes with the inner tooth surface of the internal gear ring. The internal gear ring is located on the top surface of a plurality of sealing cavities. A straight rod is fixedly connected to the top surface of the extrusion plate, and the straight rod penetrates the top surface of the sealing cavity. When the cavity is filled with mud, the bottom surface of the internal gear ring abuts against the top of the straight rod. The bottom surface of the internal gear ring has a groove. One end of the compression spring is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the groove, and the pressing block is fixed to the other end of the compression spring. The outer surface of the pressing block about the arc direction of the internal gear ring is an arc-shaped surface, and it transitions to the bottom surface of the internal gear ring with an arc. When the compression spring is in its natural state, the bottom surface of the pressing block abuts against the top surface of the sealing cavity. The second rotating component drives the direct drive gear to rotate and drives the internal gear ring to rotate, so that the pressing block presses the extrusion component downward through its arc-shaped surface, so that the extrusion plate of the extrusion component compresses the mud in the sealing cavity.

9. The monitoring device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The lower housing has a clearance groove between adjacent soil concentration detection units. The clearance groove provides space for the synchronous contraction component and intermittent pushing component of the soil concentration detection unit below.

10. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It also includes an inflatable boat, a fixed plate, several pull ropes, and a counterweight; the inflatable boat has a through hole in the middle, the fixed plate is fixed to the top surface of the inflatable boat, the top of the lifting rod is fixed to the fixed plate through the through hole, several pull ropes are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the inflatable boat, one end of the pull rope is fixed to the bottom surface of the inflatable boat, and the counterweight is fixed to the other end of the pull rope.

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