Light control film, laminated glass, and window glass for vehicle

Abstract

The invention requires proper lighting. In a dimming film (15), a first transparent electrode layer has a first section (20), a second section (23), and a sub-section (26) that are not electrically connected to each other. The first section (20) includes a first extending portion extending in a first direction orthogonal to a stacking direction of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, and a first protruding portion protruding from the first extending portion in a second direction orthogonal to the stacking direction and the first direction. The second section (23) is provided with: a second extension section that is positioned closer to the second direction than the first extension section and that extends in the first direction; and a second protruding section that protrudes from the second extension section in a third direction opposite to the second direction and that is positioned at a different position from the first protruding section in the first direction. The sub-section (26) is provided with a plurality of sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction, and at least one of the first protrusion and the second protrusion is present between the sub-protrusions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to dimming films, laminated glass, and vehicle window glass. Background Technology

[0002] Dimming films are known to switch between transparent and opaque states for glass used in vehicles and buildings by turning a switch on or off. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique that divides a transparent electrode into strips, drives each of the divided transparent electrodes individually, and thereby adjusts the size of the dimming area.

[0003] Existing technical documents

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-126153 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] In the technology of Patent Document 1, although the dimming film is divided into strips, the area of ​​each individual dimming region is large, which may prevent proper control of the dimming level. Therefore, dimming films are required to be able to properly control the dimming level.

[0008] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned technical problems, and its object is to provide a dimming film, laminated glass and vehicle window glass that can appropriately control the dimming degree.

[0009] Technical solutions adopted to solve technical problems

[0010] The dimming film disclosed herein has a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer to which a voltage can be applied, and a dimming layer disposed between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer. The dimming film has a first segment, a second segment, and a sub-segment that are not electrically connected to each other. The first segment includes: a first extension extending in a first direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first and second transparent electrode layers, and a first protrusion protruding from the first extension in a second direction orthogonal to both the stacking direction and the first direction. The second segment includes: a second extension located further along the second direction than the first extension and extending in the first direction, and a second protrusion protruding from the second extension in a third direction opposite to the second direction and located at a different position from the first protrusion in the first direction. The sub-segment includes a plurality of sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction, with at least one of the first protrusion and the second protrusion present among the sub-protrusions.

[0011] The laminated glass disclosed herein comprises a first glass plate and a second glass plate, and the dimming film disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.

[0012] The vehicle window glass disclosed herein includes the laminated glass.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] This invention enables appropriate light to be captured. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of laminated glass.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass in this embodiment.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dimming film in this embodiment.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing a portion of the upper surface of the first transparent electrode layer in this embodiment.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the laminated glass according to this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing another example of laminated glass.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of lighting.

[0022] Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of lighting.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of lighting. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and embodiments formed by combining multiple embodiments are also included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, numerical values ​​include rounding ranges.

[0025] (Laminated glass)

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of laminated glass. Figure 1The laminated glass 10 shown is a vehicle-use laminated glass. For example, the laminated glass 10 can be applied to vehicle windows such as sunroofs, rear windows, rear side windows, rear quarter windows, extension windows, and front windows. Extension windows are glass installed at the rear of a vehicle to improve the driver's rear visibility. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 can be used as a sunroof installed on the roof of the vehicle.

[0027] The term "vehicle" here typically refers to motor vehicles, but it is considered to include moving objects with glass, such as trams, ships, and airplanes. However, the uses of laminated glass 10 are not limited to vehicles.

[0028] Figure 1 The illustration schematically shows the view from inside the vehicle compartment to the outside when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. Figure 1 The laminated glass 10 is shown to be in a flat shape, but is not limited to this; the laminated glass 10 may also be curved in both the long and short directions. Furthermore, the laminated glass 10 may also be curved only in the long direction or only in the short direction.

[0029] also, Figure 1 The planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is rectangular, but the planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is not limited to a rectangle; it can also be any shape, including trapezoids. Here, the planar shape refers to the shape seen when a specified area of ​​the laminated glass 10 is viewed from the normal direction of the interior side of the vehicle. Furthermore, in the following description, "viewing from above" refers to viewing the specified area of ​​the laminated glass 10 in direction Z (i.e., from the normal direction of the interior side of the vehicle).

[0030] Figure 2 The image shown is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass according to this embodiment. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the laminated glass 10 along line II-II. (See diagram below.) Figure 2 As shown, the laminated glass 10 includes: a first glass plate 11, a second glass plate 12, an intermediate layer 13, and a dimming film 15. If the direction from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle is defined as the Z direction, then in the laminated glass 10, along the Z direction, the shielding layer 14, the second glass plate 12, the intermediate layer 13, the dimming film 15, the first glass plate 11, and the shielding layer 14 are stacked sequentially. The Z direction can also be referred to as the stacking direction.

[0031] In the following description, the direction perpendicular to the Z direction is designated as the Y direction (first direction), the direction within the Y direction pointing in one direction is designated as the Y1 direction, and the direction within the Y direction pointing in the other direction (opposite to the Y1 direction) is designated as the Y2 direction. Furthermore, the direction orthogonal to both the Z and Y directions is designated as the X direction, the direction within the X direction pointing in one direction is designated as the X1 direction (second direction), and the direction within the X direction pointing in the other direction (opposite to the X1 direction) is designated as the X2 direction (third direction). In this embodiment, when the laminated glass 10 is mounted on a vehicle, the Y direction represents the vehicle's forward / backward direction, and the X direction represents the vehicle's left / right direction. However, the relationship between the X and Y directions and the vehicle's direction is not limited to this and can be arbitrary.

[0032] The total thickness T0 of the laminated glass 10 is preferably between 2.8 mm and 10 mm. If the total thickness T0 of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. Furthermore, if the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained while reducing haze. Additionally, the total thickness mentioned here, as well as the thickness described below, refers to the length in the Z-direction.

[0033] (glass plate)

[0034] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are glass plates facing each other. The intermediate layer 13 and the dimming film 15 are located between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are fixed in a state that clamps the intermediate layer 13 and the dimming film 15.

[0035] The first glass panel 11 is the exterior glass panel facing outwards when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. The second glass panel 12 is the interior glass panel facing inwards when the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. The first glass panel 11 and the second glass panel 12 may have a specified curvature.

[0036] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be inorganic glass or organic glass. As inorganic glass, examples include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc., without particular limitation. From the viewpoint of scratch resistance, the first glass plate 11 located on the outer side of the laminated glass 10 is preferably inorganic glass, while from the viewpoint of formability, soda-lime glass is preferred. When the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are soda-lime glass, transparent glass, green glass containing a specified amount or more of iron, and UV-blocking green glass can be suitably used.

[0037] Inorganic glass can be either unstrengthened glass or strengthened glass. Unstrengthened glass is made by forming molten glass into a sheet and then annealing it.

[0038] Tempered glass is glass in which a compressive stress layer is formed on the surface of untempered glass. Tempered glass can be either physically strengthened glass (such as air-cooled tempered glass) or chemically strengthened glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the surface can be strengthened by using operations other than annealing, such as rapidly cooling a uniformly heated glass sheet from a temperature near its softening point during bending and forming, to generate a compressive stress layer on the glass surface by utilizing the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass.

[0039] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the glass surface can be strengthened by inducing compressive stress on the glass surface, for example, after bending and forming, using methods such as ion exchange. Furthermore, glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared radiation can be used, with transparent glass being even more preferred; however, glass sheets colored to a degree that does not impair transparency can also be used.

[0040] Materials used for acrylic glass include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and transparent resins such as polystyrene.

[0041] The shapes of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are not particularly limited to rectangles; they can be various shapes and shapes with processed curvatures. The bending and forming of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be performed by gravity forming, pressure forming, roll forming, etc. There are no particular limitations on the forming method of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12; for example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by float glass or the like are preferred.

[0042] The thickness T1 of the first glass plate 11 is not particularly limited, and is generally within the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. It can be appropriately selected according to the type of vehicle or part to which the laminated glass 10 is applied. If the thickness T1 of the second glass plate 12 is 0.3 mm or more, it is sufficient to maintain its strength such as impact resistance and flystone resistance. It is preferably 0.5 mm or more, further preferably 0.7 mm or more, particularly preferably 1.1 mm or more, and most preferably 1.6 mm or more.

[0043] Furthermore, when the thickness T1 of the first glass plate 11 is less than 3 mm, the mass of the laminated glass 10 will not be excessive, which is preferable from the viewpoint of vehicle fuel consumption. The thickness T1 of the first glass plate 11 is more preferably less than 2.6 mm, and particularly preferably less than 2.1 mm. Additionally, the thickness T1 in this document is preferably the thickness of the thinnest part of the first glass plate 11.

[0044] The first glass panel 11 preferably has sufficient impact resistance for use in vehicles. Furthermore, this impact resistance can be evaluated using, for example, the impact resistance test according to UN R43 (UN Regulation No. 43, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No. 43). The impact resistance test is a test to investigate whether safety glass, such as laminated glass for motor vehicles, possesses the necessary adhesion or strength against the impact of small, hard projectiles. Specifically, the test is conducted by holding the laminated glass (safety glass) at a specified temperature, placing it with the glass side facing upwards on a support frame, and allowing a steel ball to be dropped naturally from a specified height.

[0045] Regarding the thickness T2 of the second glass plate 12, it can be the same as the thickness T1 of the first glass plate 11. Alternatively, the second glass plate 12 can also have a different composition than the first glass plate 11, and / or a different thickness. For example, the second glass plate 12 can be thinner than the first glass plate 11.

[0046] When the thickness T2 of the second glass plate 12 is less than 1.1 mm, from the point of view of strength, the second glass plate 12 is preferably chemically strengthened glass.

[0047] At least one of the first glass panel 11 and the second glass panel 12 may have an outer surface coated with a film that has water-repellent, ultraviolet or infrared blocking functions, or a film with low reflectivity, low radiation, and anti-fouling properties, or a film with anti-condensation properties. Furthermore, the surface of at least one of the first glass panel 11 and the second glass panel 12 that is in contact with the intermediate layer 13 may also have a film with ultraviolet or infrared blocking, low radiation, visible light absorption, or coloring properties. Additionally, a low-emissivity (Low-E) coating may be formed on the inner side surface of the second glass panel 12.

[0048] That is, at least one of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may have any one or more of the following: a water-repellent layer, an ultraviolet shielding layer, an infrared reflective layer, a low reflectivity layer, a low emissivity layer, an anti-condensation layer, a visible light absorbing layer, and a coloring layer. Furthermore, the substrate 16 of the first glass plate 11, the second glass plate 12, the intermediate layer 13, the electrode layer 17, and the dimming film 15 (described later) may have at least one of these layers.

[0049] The first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be flat or curved. When the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are curved inorganic glasses, they can be bent after float glass forming and before being bonded together via an intermediate layer 13. Bending is performed by heating to soften the glass. The heating temperature during bending is approximately 550°C to 700°C.

[0050] In addition, in this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 is a laminated glass having two glass plates, namely a first glass plate 11 and a second glass plate 12, but the number of glass plates is not limited to this and can be more than three.

[0051] (Middle layer)

[0052] Intermediate layer 13 is a film disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. Intermediate layer 13 can also be described as a film that bonds the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. Intermediate layer 13 may have, for example, a first intermediate layer 131 bonded to the first glass plate 11 and a second intermediate layer 132 bonded to the second glass plate 12. A dimming film 15 is sandwiched within intermediate layer 13. Alternatively, the first intermediate layer 131 can be described as a film located between the first glass plate 11 and the dimming film 15, and the second intermediate layer 132 as a film located between the second glass plate 12 and the dimming film 15.

[0053] As the intermediate layer 13, commonly used thermoplastic resins include, for example, plasticized polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, and other thermoplastic resins that have been used for this purpose.

[0054] As the material for the intermediate layer 13, plasticized polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins are suitable from the perspective of achieving an excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation. These thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0055] Examples of polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins include polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVA") with formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl alcohol butyral resin obtained by reacting PVA with n-butyraldehyde (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVB"). Among these, PVB is particularly suitable from the perspective of its excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation. Furthermore, these polyvinyl alcohol acetal resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0056] In the above-mentioned plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, "plasticized" means that plasticization can be achieved by adding plasticizers. The same meaning applies to other plasticized resins.

[0057] As the intermediate layer 13, a curable transparent resin, also known as optically transparent resin (OCR), or a transparent adhesive sheet, also known as optically transparent adhesive (OCA), can be used. By using the curable transparent resin or the transparent adhesive sheet, a laminate can be prepared at room temperature. As the curable transparent resin or transparent adhesive sheet, resins such as acrylic, silicone, polyurethane acrylate, and epoxy can be used. Furthermore, these curable transparent resins or transparent adhesive sheets can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0058] However, the material forming the intermediate layer 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resins. Furthermore, the intermediate layer 13 may contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents. Additionally, the intermediate layer 13 may have a colored portion referred to as a light-shielding strip.

[0059] The thickness of the interlayer 13 is preferably at least 0.3 mm. If the thickness of the thinnest part of the interlayer 13 is at least 0.3 mm, the impact resistance required for the laminated glass 10 is sufficient. The thickness of the interlayer 13 is preferably at least 3 mm. If the maximum thickness of the interlayer 13 is at least 3 mm, the mass of the laminated glass 10 will not be excessive. The maximum thickness of the interlayer 13 is more preferably at least 2.8 mm, and even more preferably at least 2.6 mm.

[0060] Furthermore, the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 refers to the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 alone, excluding, for example, the thickness of the dimming film 15. Therefore, the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 is the length obtained by subtracting the thickness T4 of the dimming film 15 from the thickness T3 of the second intermediate layer 132 facing the second glass plate 12 to the first intermediate layer 131 facing the first glass plate 11.

[0061] Furthermore, the intermediate layer 13 can be a single layer, or it can have two or more layers, particularly three or more layers. Additionally, it is preferable that the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132 contained in the intermediate layer 13 are all formed of the same material, but some or all of the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132 can also be formed of different materials. That is, the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132 can be integrally formed or can be separately formed.

[0062] In addition, the intermediate layer 13 may also have a frame-like third intermediate layer 133 surrounding the outer periphery of the dimming film 15 between the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132. The third intermediate layer 133 may be integrally formed with respect to the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132, or it may be formed separately.

[0063] When manufacturing the intermediate layer 13, for example, the aforementioned resin material for forming the intermediate layer is appropriately selected, and extrusion molding is performed using an extruder in a heated molten state. The extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed of the extruder, are set to achieve uniformity. Then, the resin film obtained by extrusion molding is cut into a design that matches the laminated glass 10, for example, by stretching it as needed to give the upper and lower edges curvature, thereby completing the intermediate layer 13.

[0064] Furthermore, the intermediate layer 13 is not a necessary component.

[0065] (Shielding layer)

[0066] The shielding layer 14 is an opaque layer, and may be provided in a strip shape along the periphery of the laminated glass 10. The shielding layer 14 overlaps, for example, with the periphery of the glass plate and the periphery of the dimming film 15 when viewed from above. The shielding layer 14 is, for example, an opaque (e.g., black) colored ceramic layer. The shielding layer 14 may be a colored intermediate film or a colored film with light-shielding properties, or a combination of a colored intermediate film and colored ceramic. The colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film, etc. Furthermore, the colored intermediate film or colored film may be integrally colored, or its surface may be colored or coated.

[0067] By having an opaque shielding layer 14 on the laminated glass 10, it is possible to suppress the degradation of resins such as polyurethane that hold the periphery of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body due to ultraviolet radiation. In addition, the electrodes 30 or wiring 31, 32 that are electrically connected to the dimming film 15 can be hidden, making them difficult to see from at least one of the outside or inside of the vehicle.

[0068] The masking layer 14 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing molten glass frit with black pigment to a glass plate using screen printing and firing, but is not limited to this method. The masking layer 14 can also be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing black or dark pigment to a glass plate using screen printing or inkjet printing and drying it.

[0069] Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this example, the shielding layer 14 is disposed on the periphery of the surface of the first glass panel 11 facing outwards and on the periphery of the surface of the second glass panel 12 facing inwards. However, the location of the shielding layer 14 can be arbitrary, and it can also be disposed on the surface of the first glass panel 11 facing inwards, the surface of the second glass panel 12 facing outwards, or on the periphery of the dimming film 15.

[0070] Here, the area through which light passes when viewed from inside the carriage to outside (viewed from the Z direction) is called the opening area 14A. The opening area 14A is an area that does not overlap with the shielding layer 14. In this embodiment, the shielding layer 14 is provided at the periphery of the laminated glass 10, so the area surrounded by the shielding layer 14 throughout the entire range of the laminated glass 10 is called the opening area 14A.

[0071] (Dimming film)

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dimming film in this embodiment.

[0073] The dimming film 15 is a film capable of switching light transmittance. The dimming film 15 is preferably disposed within almost the entire laminated glass 10. The planar shape of the dimming film 15 is, for example, a rectangle smaller than the planar shape of the laminated glass 10. However, the planar shape of the dimming film 15 may not be rectangular. The periphery of the dimming film 15 overlaps with the shielding layer 14 when viewed from above.

[0074] In addition, in this embodiment, the dimming film 15 is disposed in the laminated glass 10, but it is not limited thereto and can be used for any purpose.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, the dimming film 15 has a first transparent substrate 16A, a first transparent electrode layer 17A, a dimming layer 18, a second transparent electrode layer 17B, and a second transparent substrate 16B, disposed between the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132 constituting the intermediate layer 13. The dimming film 15 has the second transparent substrate 16B, the second transparent electrode layer 17B, the dimming layer 18, the first transparent electrode layer 17A, and the first transparent substrate 16A sequentially stacked along the Z direction.

[0076] Hereinafter, without distinguishing between the first transparent substrate 16A and the second transparent substrate 16B, they will be referred to as substrate 16, and without distinguishing between the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B, they will be referred to as electrode layer 17. Additionally, the dimming film 15 is connected to the electrode 30.

[0077] The thickness T4 of the dimming film 15 is, for example, 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm. In addition, the electrode 30 connected to the dimming film 15 is connected to wiring 31, 32 for connecting the electrode 30 to the control unit 33.

[0078] (Substrate)

[0079] The first transparent substrate 16A and the second transparent substrate 16B refer to a pair of substrates that support the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B, and sandwich the dimming layer 18. The first transparent substrate 16A is located further in the Z direction than the dimming layer 18, and the second transparent substrate 16B is located further in the opposite direction to the Z direction than the dimming layer 18.

[0080] The substrate 16 is preferably a transparent resin layer. The substrate 16 preferably contains, for example, one or more of the following: polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate, cellulose triacetate, polyurethane, and cyclic olefin polymers.

[0081] In addition, the first transparent substrate 16A and the second transparent substrate 16B may be made of the same material as the material described above, but are not limited thereto, and may also be made of other materials.

[0082] The thickness T5 of the substrate 16 is, for example, 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 150 μm. A thickness T5 of 5 μm or more can advantageously suppress the decrease in impact resistance of the laminated glass 10, while a thickness of 500 μm or less will prevent the mass of the laminated glass 10 from becoming too large.

[0083] In addition, the first transparent substrate 16A and the second transparent substrate 16B have the same thickness T5, but the thickness can be different.

[0084] The periphery of the substrate 16 is preferably located at the same position in both the X and Y directions relative to the periphery of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. That is, the ends (sides) of the substrate 16 are preferably located at the same position in both the X and Y directions relative to the ends (sides) of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. However, this limitation does not apply to the portion of the periphery of the substrate 16 to which the wirings 31 and 32 are connected.

[0085] (Electrode layer)

[0086] A first transparent electrode layer 17A is formed on the surface of the first transparent substrate 16A in the direction opposite to the Z direction, and is in contact with the surface of the dimming layer 18 in the Z direction. A second transparent electrode layer 17B is formed on the surface of the second transparent substrate 16B in the Z direction, and is in contact with the surface of the dimming layer 18 in the direction opposite to the Z direction. That is, the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B are a pair of electrode layers that hold the dimming layer 18. The first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B are connected to the control unit 33, and a voltage is applied from the control unit 33. The first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B are formed on the entire surface of the first transparent substrate 16A and the second transparent substrate 16B, respectively.

[0087] As the electrode layer 17, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) can be used. Examples of TCOs include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped cadmium oxide, but it is not limited to these.

[0088] Transparent conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene) can be advantageously used as electrode layer 17. Furthermore, laminated films of metal and dielectric layers, silver nanowires, or silver or copper meshes can also be advantageously used as electrode layer 17.

[0089] The electrode layer 17 can be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods such as sputtering, vacuum evaporation, or ion plating. The electrode layer 17 can also be formed by chemical vapor deposition or wet coating.

[0090] (Section)

[0091] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing a portion of the upper surface of the first transparent electrode layer 17A in this embodiment. (See attached diagram.) Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the dimming film 15 has a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26 that are not electrically connected to each other. In this embodiment, the electrode layer 17 is divided into the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26. That is, the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26 are part of the entire range of the electrode layer 17 and are not electrically connected to each other. Therefore, the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26 can be driven independently of each other.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first transparent electrode layer 17A has a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second transparent electrode layer 17B is not divided into segments of the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26; in other words, it is a common electrode that has no non-electrically connected regions throughout its entire range.

[0093] However, it is not limited to this. Alternatively, the first transparent electrode layer 17A can be a common electrode, while the second transparent electrode layer 17B can be divided into segments. Alternatively, both the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B can be divided into segments. That is, as long as at least one of the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B has a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26.

[0094] The method of forming each segment is arbitrary. For example, each segment can be formed by dividing the electrode layer 17 with insulating parts. In other words, each segment only needs to be adjacent to each other with insulating parts in between, and thus not electrically connected. Figure 4 In this example, the first transparent electrode layer 17A is divided by an insulating portion 17A1, thereby forming a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26. The insulating portion 17A1 is an insulating member (insulating pattern) that divides the first transparent electrode layer 17A. The insulating portion 17A1 can be formed, for example, by removing a portion of the transparent electrode using a cutter or a laser. Furthermore, the shape of the insulating portion 17A1 depends on the shape of the segment and is not limited to a straight line; it can also be curved. In addition, a resin partition member can be provided at a position corresponding to the insulating portion 17A1. This partition member serves not only to divide the transparent electrode layer into segments but also to divide the dimming layer (described later) into segments.

[0095] (Section 1)

[0096] The first segment 20 has a first extension 21 and a first protrusion 22. The first segment 20 has at least one first protrusion 22. In this embodiment, the first segment 20 has a plurality of first protrusions 22.

[0097] The first extension 21 extends in the Y1 direction (first direction). Figure 4 In this example, the first extension 21 is rectangular when viewed from inside the carriage to outside (viewed from the Z direction), but it is not limited to a rectangle when viewed from above and can be of any shape. The first extension 21 is located at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14 when viewed from above. That is, the first extension 21 does not overlap with the opening area 14A.

[0098] The first protrusion 22 protrudes from the first extension 21 in the X1 direction (a second direction orthogonal to the first direction). The front end of the first protrusion 22 (the end in the X1 direction) is located further in the X2 direction than the second extension 24, which will be described later.

[0099] The first protrusion 2 is rectangular in top view, but is not limited to being rectangular in top view; it can be of any shape. At least a portion of the first protrusion 22 overlaps with the opening region 14A in top view (but does not overlap with the shielding layer 14). For example... Figure 4 As shown, for example, when the entire first extension 21 overlaps with the shielding layer 14, the ends (roots) in the X2 direction and the ends (front ends) in the X1 direction of the first protrusion 22 overlap with the shielding layer 14, and the portion between the ends in the X2 direction and the ends in the X1 direction overlaps with the opening region 14A. The width (thickness) of the first protrusion 22 in the Y direction is preferably wider (thicker) than the width (thickness) of the sub-protrusion 29 in the Y direction, which will be described later.

[0100] The number of first protrusions 22 is arbitrary, and multiple protrusions are provided in this embodiment. Each first protrusion 22 protrudes from a different position in the Y direction of the first extension 21 in the X1 direction. That is, the first protrusions 22 are arranged in the Y direction. The lengths of the first protrusions 22 in the X direction can be the same or different. For example, the first protrusions 22 may include first protrusions 22 of the same length and first protrusions 22 of different lengths.

[0101] Furthermore, "same length" is not limited to strictly identical lengths; as long as the length difference does not exceed approximately 20%, they can be considered the same length. "Different lengths" refers to cases where the lengths are not identical. Similarly, "same width" is not limited to strictly identical widths; as long as the width difference does not exceed approximately 20%, they can be considered the same width. "Different widths" refers to cases where the widths are not identical. The same applies below.

[0102] Furthermore, the widths of each first protrusion 22 in the Y direction can be the same or different from each other. Moreover, the widths of the multiple first protrusions 22 in the first direction can be arbitrarily combined. For example, the first protrusions 22 may include first protrusions 22 with the same width in the first direction and first protrusions 22 with different widths in the first direction. More specifically, for example, in the case of four first protrusions 22, two may have the same width, and the other two may have different widths. By arranging the multiple first protrusions 22 in this way, light can be uniformly collected when it passes through the first protrusions 22 (first segment 20). Furthermore, by arbitrarily combining the widths of the first protrusions 22, the aperture ratio of the first protrusions 22 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the amount of light collected.

[0103] (Second Section)

[0104] The second section 23 has a second extension 24 and a second protrusion 25. The second section 23 has at least one second protrusion 25. In this embodiment, the second section 23 has a plurality of second protrusions 25.

[0105] The second extension 24 is located further in the X1 direction than the first extension 21 and extends in the Y direction. In other words, the second extension 24 extends parallel to the first extension 21 in the Y direction. The second extension 24 is a rectangular region in top view, but it is not limited to a rectangle and can be of any shape. The second extension 24 is located in a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14 in top view. That is, the second extension 24 does not overlap with the opening region 14A.

[0106] Furthermore, the second extension 24 is preferably arranged and extends parallel to the first extension 21, but is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the second extension 24 may be such that, as it extends in the Y direction, the end of the first extension 21 in the Y direction approaches the end of the second extension in the Y direction.

[0107] The second protrusion 25 protrudes from the second extension 24 in the X2 direction (a third direction opposite to the second direction). The second protrusion 25 is located at a different position from the first protrusion 22 in the Y direction. That is, the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 are arranged alternately in parallel in the Y direction. The front end portion (the end portion in the X2 direction) of the second protrusion 25 is located further in the X1 direction than the first extension 21.

[0108] The second protrusion 25 is rectangular in top view, but is not limited to being rectangular in top view; it can be of any shape. At least a portion of the second protrusion 25 overlaps with the opening region 14A in top view (but does not overlap with the shielding layer 14). For example... Figure 4 As shown, for example, when the entire second extension 24 overlaps with the shielding layer 14, the ends (root) in the X1 direction and the ends (front ends) in the X2 direction of the second protrusion 25 overlap with the shielding layer 14, and the portion between the ends in the X1 direction and the ends in the X2 direction overlaps with the opening region 14A. The width of the second protrusion 25 in the Y direction is preferably wider than the width of the sub-protrusion 29 in the Y direction; it can be the same width as the width of the first protrusion 22 in the Y direction, or it can be a different width. In this embodiment, the width of the second protrusion 25 in the Y direction is wider than the width of the first protrusion 22 in the Y direction.

[0109] The number of second protrusions 25 is arbitrary, and multiple protrusions are provided in this embodiment. Each second protrusion 25 protrudes from a different position in the Y direction of the second extension 24 in the X2 direction. That is, the second protrusions 25 are arranged in the Y direction. The lengths of the second protrusions 25 in the X direction can be the same or different. For example, the second protrusions 25 may include first protrusions 22 of the same length and second protrusions 25 of different lengths.

[0110] Furthermore, the widths of each second protrusion 25 in the Y direction can be the same or different from each other. Additionally, the widths of the multiple second protrusions 25 in the first direction can be arbitrarily combined. For example, the second protrusions 25 may include second protrusions 25 with the same width in the first direction and second protrusions 25 with different widths in the first direction. More specifically, for example, if there are four second protrusions 25, two may have the same width, and the other two may have different widths. By arranging the multiple second protrusions 25 in this way, light can be uniformly collected when it passes through the second protrusions 25 (second segment 23). Furthermore, by arbitrarily combining the widths of the second protrusions 25, the aperture ratio of the second protrusions 25 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the amount of light captured.

[0111] However, the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 are not limited to Figure 4 Examples. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a modified example of the laminated glass according to this embodiment. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 are trapezoidal. However, the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 are not limited to trapezoids; they can also be triangular. This improves design flexibility. Furthermore, the corners of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 can also be rounded. Additionally, the front ends of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 can also be semi-circular.

[0112] (Sub-section)

[0113] The sub-segment 26 has a plurality of sub-protrusions 29. At least one of a first protrusion 22 and a second protrusion 25 is present between each sub-protrusion 29. More specifically, it is preferable that only either a first protrusion 22 or a second protrusion 25 is present between each sub-protrusion 29. That is, for example, between a sub-protrusion 29 and a sub-protrusion 29 adjacent to it in the Y direction, at least one of a first protrusion 22 and a second protrusion 25 (preferably either one) is provided.

[0114] More specifically, the sub-segment 26 has a plurality of sub-protrusions 29 and sub-extensions connecting the sub-protrusions 29 to each other. The sub-segment 26 has a first sub-extension 27 and a second sub-extension 28 as sub-extensions. The first sub-extension 27 extends in the Y direction and connects one end of the plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the Y direction to each other, and the second sub-extension 28 connects the other ends of the plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the Y direction to each other.

[0115] In this embodiment, the first secondary extension 27 is located in the X direction between the first extension 21 and the second protrusion 25. The first secondary extension 27 is a rectangular area when viewed from above, but it is not limited to being rectangular and can be of any shape. The first secondary extension 27 is positioned where it overlaps with the shielding layer 14. Alternatively, the first secondary extension 27 may be entirely positioned where it overlaps with the shielding layer 14.

[0116] The second extension 28 is located further in the X1 direction than the first extension 27. In this embodiment, the second extension 28 is located in the X direction between the second extension 24 and the first protrusion 22. The second extension 28 is a rectangular area when viewed from above, but it is not limited to being rectangular when viewed from above and can be of any shape. The second extension 28 is provided at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14. The second extension 28 may also be entirely located at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14.

[0117] The secondary protrusion 29 protrudes from the first secondary extension 27 in the X1 direction and connects with the second secondary extension 28. That is, the secondary protrusion 29 extends in the X1 direction from the end connected to the first secondary extension 27 in the X2 direction to the end connected to the second secondary extension 28 in the X1 direction.

[0118] When viewed from above, at least a portion of the secondary protrusion 29 overlaps with the opening region 14A (but does not overlap with the shielding layer 14). For example, the X2-direction end and the X1-direction end of the secondary protrusion 29 may overlap with the shielding layer 14, and the portion between the X1-direction end and the X2-direction end may overlap with the opening region 14A.

[0119] Multiple secondary protrusions 29 are arranged at different positions in the Y direction. That is, each secondary protrusion 29 protrudes in the X direction from a different position in the Y direction from the first secondary extension 27 (second secondary extension 28). A first protrusion 22 or a second protrusion 25 exists between the multiple secondary protrusions 29. Specifically, one of multiple first protrusions 22 and multiple second protrusions 25 is provided between the secondary protrusions 29 arranged in the Y direction.

[0120] Because sub-segment 26 is configured as described above, therefore... Figure 4As shown, in the opening region 14A, each protrusion is represented by a first protrusion 22, a secondary protrusion 29, a second protrusion 25, a secondary protrusion 29, a first protrusion 22, and a secondary protrusion 29. The order is arranged along the Y2 direction.

[0121] Furthermore, in the opening region 14A, the sum of the areas of all protrusions is preferably the same. Specifically, viewed from the Z direction, in the opening region 14A, when the sum of the areas of the first protrusion 22 is denoted as S1, the sum of the areas of the second protrusion 25 is denoted as S2, and the sum of the areas of the secondary protrusion 29 is denoted as S3, S1=S2=S3 is satisfied. S1=S2=S3 is not limited to S1 being strictly the same as S2 and S3; it is also permissible for the maximum area to differ from the minimum area by approximately 20%.

[0122] The width of the secondary protrusion 29 in a top view (width in the first direction) is preferably narrower (thinner) than the width of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 in the first direction. The number of secondary protrusions 29 is preferably one or more and 50 or less. At this time, the width of the secondary protrusions 29 in the first direction, for example, for each secondary protrusion 29, is preferably 2 cm or more in terms of minimum width. By ensuring that the minimum width of the secondary protrusions 29 in the first direction is 2 cm or more, the visibility of vehicle passengers can be well guaranteed, and multiple secondary protrusions 29 can be ensured.

[0123] Furthermore, for example, when there are multiple secondary protrusions 29, it is preferable to have two or more but less than 30. By having two or more but less than 30 secondary protrusions 29, the width can be increased. In this case, the width of the secondary protrusions 29 in the first direction is about 3.3 cm, but this width is not limited to this, and the number is not limited to 30.

[0124] Furthermore, the widths of the secondary protrusions 29 in the first direction can be the same or different. For example, the secondary protrusions 29 may include secondary protrusions 29 with the same width in the first direction and secondary protrusions 29 with different widths in the first direction.

[0125] Furthermore, the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26 are preferably clustered at the location overlapping with the shielding layer 14, so that the electrodes 30 are concentrated in one place. In this embodiment, they are clustered on the edge of the laminated glass 10 in the Y2 direction when viewed from above.

[0126] (Dimming layer)

[0127] The dimming layer 18 is a layer capable of changing the amount of light transmitted. The dimming layer 18 is located between a first transparent substrate 16A on which a first transparent electrode layer 17A is formed and a second transparent substrate 16B on which a second transparent electrode layer 17B is formed. That is, the dimming layer 18 is located between the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B. The dimming layer 18 may also include a sealing material (not shown) that seals the sides of the dimming layer 18. For example, the dimming layer 18 can be selected from any one or more of the following: Suspended Particle Device (SPD), Guest-Host Liquid-Crystal (GHLC), Electrochromic (EC), Polymer Dispersed Liquid-Crystal (PDLC), and Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC). For example, if the dimming layer 18 does not contain liquid crystal and therefore does not require a sealing material, a sealing material may not be provided. In this case, the outer end of the dimming layer 18 becomes the end of the dimming layer 18.

[0128] In other words, the dimming film 15 has: a first transparent substrate 16A having a first transparent electrode layer 17A formed thereon and a second transparent substrate 16B having a second transparent electrode layer 17B formed thereon, which are arranged facing each other; and a dimming layer 18 disposed between the opposing first transparent electrode 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B, which is composed of any one or more of the following: a suspended particle device, a guest-host effect liquid crystal, a polymer dispersion liquid crystal, and a polymer network liquid crystal.

[0129] As a suspended particle device, a conventional SPD film can be used, which consists of two substrates coated with electrode layers along the Y direction, sandwiching a polymer layer containing suspended particles that can be oriented by applying voltage. This SPD film achieves high visible light transmittance and high transparency by applying voltage between the transparent electrode layers when a power switch is turned on, causing the suspended particles in the polymer layer to align. When the power switch is off, the suspended particles in the polymer layer are not oriented, resulting in low visible light transmittance and low transparency.

[0130] As the SPD membrane, commercially available products such as LCF-1103DHA (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used. Furthermore, since these commercially available products are supplied in specified sizes, they can be cut to the desired size before use. Regarding the thickness of the SPD membrane, there is no particular limitation, but from the viewpoint of operability and ease of acquisition, a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm is preferred.

[0131] (electrode)

[0132] Electrode 30 is connected to electrode layer 17, and a voltage from an external device is applied to electrode layer 17. Figure 1 In this example, electrode 30 is located at the lower part of laminated glass 10, but the position of electrode 30 is not limited to this, but is arbitrary, for example, it can also be located at the upper part when viewed from above.

[0133] like Figure 1 As shown, electrode 30 is positioned, for example, at a location overlapping the shielding layer 14 when viewed from above. Figure 3 As shown, electrode 30 is electrically connected to the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B, respectively. Electrode 30 energizes the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B to drive the dimming layer 18.

[0134] One electrode of electrode 30 is, for example, a positive electrode, and is connected to the positive side of a power source such as a battery mounted in the vehicle via a wiring 31 electrically connected to one electrode of electrode 30. The other electrode of electrode 30 is, for example, a negative electrode, and is connected to the negative side of a power source such as a battery mounted in the vehicle via a wiring 32 electrically connected to the other electrode of electrode 30. Wiring 31 and 32 may also be integrally formed with electrode 30.

[0135] A voltage is supplied to the dimming layer 18 by a power source such as a battery through the electrode 30, and the transmittance of the dimming layer 18 is switched according to the voltage.

[0136] The material of electrode 30 can be any conductive material without particular limitation; for example, metallic materials can be listed. Examples of metallic materials include: gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium, iridium, zinc, magnesium, or tin. Furthermore, these metals can be plated or formed into alloys or composites with resin.

[0137] From a cost and availability perspective, electrode 30 can suitably be made of copper strip or flat braided copper wire, or FPC (flexible printed circuit). The copper strip or flat braided copper wire can also be plated with a metal other than copper. Electrode 30 can also be integrally formed with wirings 31 and 32.

[0138] Electrode 30 can be bonded to electrode layer 17 by any of the following: conductive adhesive material (conductive adhesive layer), anisotropic conductive film, or solder. Alternatively, electrode 30 can be in direct contact with electrode layer 17 without the use of conductive adhesive material, anisotropic conductive film, or solder. Or, electrode 30 can be formed by printing methods such as screen printing, inkjet printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, or gravure printing.

[0139] Electrode 30 has sufficient length and shape to energize dimming layer 18. The shape of electrode 30 is not particularly limited, but is generally rectangular. Since it needs to be hidden by shielding layer 14, electrode 30 is arranged, for example, generally parallel to the periphery of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate at the location where the segments are clustered.

[0140] Furthermore, the number of electrodes 30 disposed at the first transparent electrode layer 17A is the same as the number of segments. In this embodiment, the number of segments is three: the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26, therefore the number of electrodes 30 is also three. On the other hand, the second transparent electrode layer 17B is a shared electrode (rather than a non-connected area), therefore only one electrode 30 is disposed there. In this way, each segment is electrically independent, thus reducing the number of electrodes 30 disposed at the divided first transparent electrode layer 17A. In addition, it is easy to hide with the shielding layer 14, improving design flexibility.

[0141] The electrode 30 is preferably configured to be at least 5 mm away from the periphery (end) of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 in the Y1 direction, and more preferably at least 8 mm away from the periphery (end) of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 in the Y1 direction. This configuration can reduce the risk of corrosion of the electrode 30 or short circuit between different potentials caused by moisture seeping in from the periphery of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.

[0142] The length of electrode 30 is not particularly limited, but it is preferred to be 5 mm or more to ensure sufficient power supply and improve operability.

[0143] The thickness of electrode 30 is preferably 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm. By making the thickness of electrode 30 greater than 0.05 mm, sufficient strength can be obtained, thus suppressing the occurrence of faults such as open circuits. Furthermore, by making the thickness of electrode 30 less than 0.4 mm, the thickness deviation between electrode 30 and other parts is reduced. This suppresses the stress generated on the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, reducing the risk of breakage of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.

[0144] Wiring wires 31 and 32 are connected to electrode 30 at one end and to control unit 33 at the other end. That is, wiring wires 31 and 32 originate from control unit 33, and the electrode 30 at the front end of wiring wires 31 and 32 is connected to electrode layer 17. There are multiple wiring wires 31, meaning that the number of wiring wires 31 is equivalent to the number of electrodes 30 (each segment) extending from control unit 33 to the first transparent electrode layer 17A. There is one wiring wire 32 extending from control unit 33 to the second transparent electrode layer 17B. This allows for independent control of dimming in each segment.

[0145] (Control Department)

[0146] The control unit 33 controls the current and voltage. Furthermore, the control unit 33 supplies power to the laminated glass 10. The control unit 33 may include, for example, a control device for controlling the current and voltage, a power switch, an operation button, a vehicle battery, etc. The control unit 33 is connected to the electrode layer 17. The control unit 33 drives the dimming layer 18 to dim by applying voltage to the electrode layer 17.

[0147] The control unit 33 may apply a constant voltage to the first transparent electrode layer 17A or apply different voltages to its various sections, depending on the operating mode. For example, the control unit 33 may apply a constant voltage to each section. In this way, the laminated glass 10 (dimming film 15) achieves constant transmission. That is, constant brightness light can be achieved within the opening region 14A.

[0148] The control unit 33 dims the required sections. Specifically, when it is desired to dim the first section 20 (first protrusion 22) and the second section 23 (second protrusion 25), the control unit 33 dims both sections.

[0149] Furthermore, the control unit 33 can also apply different voltages to each section. For example, the control unit 33 applies a voltage to the first protrusion 22 to make it transmissive, while not applying a voltage to the second protrusion 25 to make it closed (non-transmissive). Moreover, the control unit 33 can make the sub-protrusion 29 semi-transmissive by applying a weaker voltage to it than to the first protrusion 22. This allows for gradual changes in brightness. However, the intensity of the applied voltage is not limited to this and can be arbitrary. For example, the voltage can be applied to the second protrusion 25 instead of the first protrusion 22.

[0150] In addition, the control unit 33 can also control the voltage based on, for example, sensors and navigation systems installed on the vehicle, changes in the surrounding environment, and the passage of time.

[0151] In addition, the control unit 33 can also combine the controls described above to control the voltage.

[0152] By controlling the light in this way, appropriate lighting can be achieved. Furthermore, lighting can be achieved in any pattern and shape. Moreover, by making one section transmissive and multiple parts transmissive, uniform lighting can be achieved.

[0153] (Manufacturing method of laminated glass)

[0154] Next, the manufacturing method of the laminated glass 10 described above will be explained. When manufacturing the laminated glass 10, a laminate is prepared by sandwiching the interlayer 13 and the dimming film 15 between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. Then, for example, the laminate is placed in a rubber bag and pre-pressed in a vacuum with a gauge pressure of -100 kPa to -65 kPa and a temperature of approximately 50°C to 110°C. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, vacuum conditions, and lamination method for pre-pressing are appropriately selected considering the properties of the dimming layer 18 to prevent its deterioration during lamination. Clamping rollers or the like can also be used instead of a rubber bag for the pre-pressing process.

[0155] Furthermore, for example, by performing a pressing process using an autoclave under heat and pressure at a temperature of 80°C to 150°C and a pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, laminated glass 10 with superior durability can be obtained. However, depending on the circumstances, considering the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material encapsulated in the laminated glass 10, this heat and pressure process is sometimes omitted.

[0156] In the process of preparing the laminate, when using an open transparent adhesive sheet (OCA) as the intermediate layer 13, the dimming layer 18 can be bonded to the second glass plate 12 through a second intermediate layer 132, which is part of the intermediate layer 13, to form the first laminate. Alternatively, the first glass plate 11 can be bonded to the dimming layer 18 of the first laminate through a first intermediate layer 131, which is another part of the intermediate layer 13, to form the first laminate. In this case, an adhesive film can also be used as the intermediate layer 13.

[0157] Temperature and vacuum conditions can be appropriately selected based on the properties of intermediate layer 13 and dimming layer 18 to prevent them from deteriorating during the stacking process. In addition, a frame-shaped intermediate layer can be added between the first intermediate layer 131 and the second intermediate layer 132 and surrounding the periphery of dimming layer 18.

[0158] Furthermore, when using an open-cell resin (OCR) as the intermediate layer 13 in the process of manufacturing the laminate, for example, the position of the dimming layer 18 in the space between the second glass plate 12 and the first glass plate 11 is fixed. Then, the space between the second glass plate 12 and the first glass plate 11 is sealed with tape or the like, separating the space from the outside. Subsequently, the open-cell resin is injected into the space, filling it completely. The intermediate layer 13 is then formed by curing the open-cell resin. The curing method of the open-cell resin is arbitrary, and examples include heat curing, light curing, and moisture curing.

[0159] Furthermore, when the laminated glass 10 is curved, the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be bent using conventionally known bending methods. For example, the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be overlapped, placed in an annular mold, and heated above their softening point, and bent using their own weight. Alternatively, the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 can be press-formed separately after being heated, or they can be overlapped and then press-formed.

[0160] In addition, the above manufacturing process of laminated glass 10 is an example. For example, laminated glass 10 can also be manufactured by cold bending method.

[0161] (Another example)

[0162] Next, another example will be described. In the above embodiment, there is one sub-segment 26, but there may also be multiple sub-segments 26. Hereinafter, an example with two sub-segments will be described. In another example, the parts that are the same as those in the above embodiment will be omitted from the description.

[0163] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of laminated glass. (As shown) Figure 6 As shown, in this example, there are two sub-segments, sub-segment 26 and sub-segment 26A. The structure of sub-segment 26 is the same as in the above embodiment, so the description is omitted.

[0164] Subsection 26A has multiple sub-protrusions 29A. Between each sub-protrusion 29A there is a first protrusion 22 or a sub-protrusion 29.

[0165] More specifically, sub-segment 26A has a plurality of sub-protrusions 29A and sub-extensions connecting the sub-protrusions 29A to each other. Sub-segment 26A has a first sub-extension 27A and a second sub-extension 28A as sub-extensions. The first sub-extension 27A extends in the Y direction and connects one end of the plurality of sub-protrusions 29A arranged in the Y direction to each other, and the second sub-extension 28A connects the other ends of the plurality of sub-protrusions 29A arranged in the Y direction to each other.

[0166] In this embodiment, the first secondary extension 27A is located in the X direction between the first secondary extension 27 and the second protrusion 25 of the secondary section 26. The first secondary extension 27 is a rectangular area when viewed from above, but it is not limited to being rectangular when viewed from above and can be of any shape. The first secondary extension 27A is provided at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14. The first secondary extension 27A may also be entirely located at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14.

[0167] The second extension 28A is located in the X direction between the second extension 28 and the second extension 24 of the sub-segment 26. The second extension 28A is a rectangular area when viewed from above, but it is not limited to being rectangular and can be of any shape. The second extension 28A is located at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14. Alternatively, the second extension 28A may be entirely located at a position overlapping with the shielding layer 14.

[0168] The secondary protrusion 29A protrudes from the first secondary extension 27A in the X1 direction and connects with the second secondary extension 28A. That is, the secondary protrusion 29A extends in the X1 direction from the end connected to the first secondary extension 27A in the X2 direction to the end connected to the second secondary extension 28A in the X1 direction.

[0169] When viewed from above, at least a portion of the secondary protrusion 29A overlaps with the opening region 14A (but does not overlap with the shielding layer 14). For example, the X2 end and the X1 end of the secondary protrusion 29A may overlap with the shielding layer 14, and the portion between the X1 end and the X2 end may overlap with the opening region 14A.

[0170] Multiple secondary protrusions 29A are arranged at different positions in the Y direction. That is, each secondary protrusion 29A protrudes in the X direction from a different position in the Y direction from the first secondary extension 27A (second secondary extension 28A). A first protrusion 22 or a second protrusion 25 exists between the multiple secondary protrusions 29A. In other words, a first protrusion 22 or a second protrusion 25 is provided between the secondary protrusions 29A arranged in the Y direction.

[0171] Because sub-segment 26A is configured as described above, therefore... Figure 6 As shown, in the opening region 14A, each protrusion includes a first protrusion 22, secondary protrusions 29 and 29A, a second protrusion 25, secondary protrusions 29 and 29A, and a first protrusion 22, secondary protrusions 29 and 29A. The order is arranged along the Y2 direction.

[0172] Furthermore, in the opening region 14A, the sum of the areas of all protrusions is preferably the same. Specifically, viewed from the Z direction, in the opening region 14A, when the sum of the areas of the first protrusion 22 is denoted as S1, the sum of the areas of the second protrusion 25 as S2, the sum of the areas of the sub-protrusion 29 as S3, and the sum of the areas of the sub-protrusion 29A as S4, S1=S2=S3=S4 is satisfied. S1=S2=S3=S4 also allows for a difference of approximately 20% between the maximum and minimum areas.

[0173] The width of the sub-protrusion 29A in a top view (width in the first direction) is preferably narrower (thinner) than the width of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 in the first direction. Furthermore, the width of the sub-protrusion 29A in a top view may be the same as or different from the width of the sub-protrusion 29 in the first direction. The number of sub-protrusions 29A is preferably one or more and 50 or less. In this case, the width of the sub-protrusions 29A in the first direction is preferably 2 cm or more, for example, for each sub-protrusion 29A. By ensuring that the minimum width of the sub-protrusions 29A in the first direction is 2 cm or more, the visibility of vehicle passengers can be well guaranteed, and multiple sub-protrusions 29A can be ensured.

[0174] Furthermore, for example, when there are multiple secondary protrusions 29A, it is preferable to have two or more and 30 or fewer. By having two or more and 30 or fewer secondary protrusions 29A, the width of the secondary protrusions 29A can be increased. At this time, the width of the secondary protrusions 29A in the first direction is about 3.3 cm, but this width is not limited to this, and the number is not limited to 30.

[0175] Furthermore, the widths of the secondary protrusions 29A in the first direction can be the same or different. For example, the secondary protrusions 29A may include secondary protrusions 29A with the same width in the first direction and secondary protrusions 29A with different widths in the first direction.

[0176] The above description shows examples with one or two sub-segments. However, if the number of sub-segments is N, then in the opening region 14A, the first protrusion 22, the second protrusion 25, and the sub-protrusions are arranged as follows: first protrusion 22, N sub-protrusions, second protrusion 25, N sub-protrusions, and first protrusion 22. The order is arranged along the Y direction. Furthermore, if the N sub-protrusions arranged in the Y direction are referred to as a sub-protrusion group, then the arrangement direction of the sub-protrusion groups adjacent to each other in the Y direction, separated by the first protrusion 22 or the second protrusion 25, is opposite. That is, for example, in the case of N=2, in one sub-protrusion group, the sub-protrusions are arranged in the order of sub-protrusions 29, 29A in the Y1 direction, while in the sub-protrusion groups adjacent to this sub-protrusion group in the Y direction, the sub-protrusions are arranged in the order of sub-protrusions 29A, 29 in the Y1 direction.

[0177] Subsection 26A is divided by the insulating portion 17A1 between subsection 26 and second section 23. That is, subsection 26A is also non-electrically connected. Therefore, subsection 26A is connected to electrode 30 from control unit 33 via wiring 31.

[0178] In this example, there are four sections, allowing for more flexible lighting design compared to the above implementation. The following will use... Figures 7 to 9Explain the lighting conditions.

[0179] Figures 7 to 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of lighting. Wherein, Figures 7 to 9 The diagram shows a section (protrusion) within the opening region 14A. The control unit 33, for example, applies a constant voltage to the first transparent electrode layer 17A or different voltages to its various sections, depending on the operating mode.

[0180] like Figure 7 As shown, the control unit 33 can make the positions of the first protrusion 22 and the sub-section 26 (sub-protrusion 29) transmissive by applying voltage to the first section 20 (first protrusion 22) and the sub-section 26 (sub-protrusion 29). In other words, the control unit 33 can make the positions of the sub-protrusion 29A and the second protrusion 25 non-transmissive by not applying voltage to the sub-section 26A (sub-protrusion 29A) and the second section 23 (second protrusion 25). The control unit 33 can change the transmission position by switching their transmission and blocking states. That is, the control unit 33 can adjust the light-receiving position of the laminated glass 10 (light-regulating film 15). In this way, even if there are four sections, light can be collected from multiple locations, and uniform light can be collected. In addition, complex designs can be realized.

[0181] In addition, such as Figure 8A As shown, the control unit 33 can increase the transmission range by positioning the first protrusion 22 and the secondary protrusion 29A in a transmission state. Furthermore, as... Figure 8B As shown, by making the sub-protrusions 29 and 29A in a transmission state, the control unit 33 can achieve transmission in fewer locations compared to the case where the first protrusion 22 and the sub-protrusions 29A are in a transmission state, while compared to the case where the first protrusion 22 and the sub-protrusions 29A are in a transmission state ( Figure 7 Compared to the situation shown, transmission can be achieved in more areas. Thus, the control unit 33 can adjust the number of transmission areas. That is, the control unit 33 can adjust the number of light-collecting areas of the dimming film 15. Therefore, light can be collected in multiple areas, and light can be collected uniformly. Furthermore, complex designs can be achieved.

[0182] In addition, such as Figure 9As shown, the control unit 33 can also apply different voltages to each section. For example, the control unit 33 applies voltage to the first protrusion 22 and the sub-protrusion 29 to make them in a transmission state, while not applying voltage to the second protrusion 25 to make it in a closed state (non-transmission state). Furthermore, the control unit 33 makes the sub-protrusion 29A in a semi-transmission state by applying a voltage weaker than that applied to the first protrusion 22 and the sub-protrusion 29. In this way, the control unit 33 can gradually change the dimming brightness of the dimming film 15. Therefore, light can be collected from multiple locations, and light can be collected uniformly. In addition, by adjusting the voltage, complex designs other than power-on / off switching can be achieved.

[0183] In addition, in this example, the control unit 33 can also control the voltage based on, for example, sensors and navigation systems mounted on the vehicle, changes in the surrounding environment, and the passage of time.

[0184] In addition, the control unit 33 can also combine the controls described above to control the voltage.

[0185] (Effect)

[0186] The dimming film 15 of the first embodiment of this disclosure is a dimming film 15 having a first transparent electrode layer 17A and a second transparent electrode layer 17B to which a voltage can be applied, and a dimming layer 18 disposed between the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B. The dimming film 15 has a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26 that are not electrically connected to each other. The first segment 20 includes: a first extension 21 extending in a first direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first transparent electrode layer 17A and the second transparent electrode layer 17B, and an extension portion 21 extending in a first direction orthogonal to the stacking direction and the first... The second section 23 has a first protrusion 22 protruding from the first extension 21 in a second direction orthogonal to the first extension 21, and a second extension 24 located in a position further in the second direction than the first extension 21 and extending in the first direction, and a second protrusion 25 protruding from the second extension 24 in a third direction opposite to the second direction and located in the first direction at a different position from the first protrusion 22. The sub-section 26 has a plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the first direction, and at least one of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 is present between the sub-protrusions 29.

[0187] The dimming film 15 disclosed herein can dim each segment separately through a first segment 20, a second segment 23, and a sub-segment 26 having non-electrical connections, thus enabling appropriate light collection.

[0188] The dimming film 15 of the second embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of the first embodiment, wherein the sub-section 26 has a sub-extension extending in a first direction and connecting the sub-protrusions 29 to each other. In this way, light can be collected in the first direction of the sub-section 26 in accordance with the first direction of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25.

[0189] The dimming film 15 of the third embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of the first or second embodiment, wherein the first segment 20 has a plurality of first protrusions 22 and the second segment 23 has a plurality of second protrusions 25. This allows for appropriate light collection.

[0190] The dimming film 15 of the fourth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of the third embodiment, wherein a plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the Y direction are provided with one of a plurality of first protrusions 22 and a plurality of second protrusions 25 between each other. This allows for appropriate light collection.

[0191] The dimming film 15 of the fifth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of the second embodiment, wherein the sub-segment 26 includes a first sub-extension 27 that connects one end of a plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the first direction to each other, and a second sub-extension 28 that connects the other ends of the plurality of sub-protrusions 29 arranged in the first direction to each other. By connecting the two ends of the sub-protrusions 29 with the first sub-extension 27 and the second sub-extension 28 respectively, the sub-segment 26 can be continuously connected. That is, the sub-segment 26 becomes a segment, which allows the number of electrodes 30 in each segment to be 1, which is also beneficial for improving design and reducing costs. In addition, it can also appropriately collect light.

[0192] The dimming film 15 of the sixth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in any one of the dimming films 15 of the first to fifth embodiments, wherein at least one of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25 is rectangular, trapezoidal, or triangular in plan view. By making the first protrusion 22 or the second protrusion 25 rectangular, trapezoidal, or triangular in plan view, various shapes can be combined separately, improving design flexibility. Furthermore, these shapes are approximate shapes, and geometric strictness is not required for the edges and vertices.

[0193] The dimming film 15 of the seventh embodiment of this disclosure is as described in any one of the dimming films 15 in the first to sixth embodiments, wherein the number of sub-protrusions 29 is one or more and 50 or less. By making the number of sub-protrusions 29 one or more and 50 or less, the passenger's field of vision can be adequately guaranteed.

[0194] The dimming film 15 of the eighth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of the seventh embodiment, wherein the number of sub-protrusions 29 is 2 or more and 30 or less. When there are 2 sub-sections 26, by making the number of sub-protrusions 29 2 or more and 30 or less, the passenger's field of vision can be adequately guaranteed.

[0195] The dimming film 15 of the ninth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in any one of the dimming films 15 in the first to eighth embodiments, wherein the width of the sub-protrusion 29 is narrower than the width of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25. By making the width of the sub-protrusion 29 narrower than the width of the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 25, it is easier to fine-tune the light intake, which is beneficial for appropriate light intake.

[0196] The dimming film 15 of the tenth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the dimming film 15 of any one of the first to ninth embodiments, wherein the second transparent electrode layer 17B is a common electrode that has no non-electrically connected regions throughout its entire range. Thus, current can be applied throughout the entire range of the second transparent electrode layer 17B, thereby enabling appropriate transmission states to be achieved according to the shape of each segment.

[0197] The dimming film 15 of the eleventh embodiment of this disclosure is as described in any one of the dimming films 15 in the first to ninth embodiments, wherein the first transparent electrode layer 17A has an insulating portion 17A1, and the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26 are divided by the insulating portion 17A1. By having the first transparent electrode layer 17A have the insulating portion 17A1, the first transparent electrode layer 17A can be divided by the insulating portion 17A1. The insulating portion 17A1 can be insulating in the planar direction (X direction and Y direction), so when the first segment 20, the second segment 23, and the sub-segment 26 are in a transmissive state, the shapes and patterns formed by the transmission of each segment will not overlap, and the shapes and patterns formed by the transmission can be appropriately guaranteed.

[0198] The laminated glass 10 of the twelfth embodiment of this disclosure includes a first glass plate 11 and a second glass plate 12, and a dimming film 15 disposed between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 as described in any one of the first to tenth embodiments. The laminated glass 10, by including the dimming film 15 as described in any one of the first to ninth embodiments, is capable of appropriate light transmission.

[0199] The laminated glass 10 of the thirteenth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the laminated glass 10 of the twelfth embodiment, wherein the laminated glass 10 has a shielding layer 14 that overlaps with the periphery of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 and the periphery of the dimming film 15 when viewed from above, and the first extension 21 and the second extension 24 are located at positions overlapping with the shielding layer 14 when viewed from above. By having the shielding layer 14 and positioning the first extension 21 and the second extension 24 at the positions of the shielding layer 14, the electrode 30 can be hidden, and the design flexibility of the laminated glass 10 is improved.

[0200] The laminated glass 10 of the fourteenth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the laminated glass 10 of the thirteenth embodiment, wherein the first extension 21 and the second extension 24 do not overlap with the area surrounded by the shielding layer 14, i.e., the opening area 14A, when viewed from above, and at least a portion of the first protrusion 22, the second protrusion 25, and the sub-protrusion 29 overlap with the opening area 14A. By ensuring that the first extension 21 and the second extension 24 do not overlap with the opening area 14A, the design flexibility for light transmission is improved.

[0201] The laminated glass 10 of the fifteenth embodiment of this disclosure is as described in the laminated glass 10 of the fourteenth embodiment, wherein, in the opening region 14A, when the sum of the areas overlapping with the first protrusion 22 is denoted as S1, the sum of the areas overlapping with the second protrusion 25 is denoted as S2, and the sum of the areas overlapping with the plurality of sub-protrusions 29 is denoted as S3, S1, S2, and S3 satisfy S1=S2=S3. Even if the sum of the areas of the protrusions in each segment is the same, light can be transmitted separately according to the pattern and shape of each segment.

[0202] The vehicle window glass of the sixteenth embodiment of this disclosure includes the laminated glass 10 of the twelfth embodiment. The vehicle window glass, by including the laminated glass 10 of the twelfth embodiment, is able to allow appropriate light into the vehicle interior.

[0203] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the content of these embodiments does not limit the present invention. Furthermore, the foregoing constituent elements include those readily conceived by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those within the so-called equivalent scope. Moreover, the foregoing constituent elements can be appropriately combined. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the constituent elements can be made without departing from the spirit of the foregoing embodiments.

[0204] Symbol Explanation

[0205] 10. Laminated glass

[0206] 11 First Glass Plate

[0207] 12 Second glass plate

[0208] 13 Intermediate Layer

[0209] 14. Shielding layer

[0210] 15 Dimming film

[0211] 16 Substrate

[0212] 17 Electrode Layer

[0213] 17A First transparent electrode layer

[0214] 17A1 Insulation Section

[0215] 17B Second Transparent Electrode Layer

[0216] 18 dimming layers

[0217] 20 First Section

[0218] 21 First Extension

[0219] 22 First protrusion

[0220] 23 Second Section

[0221] 24 Second Extension

[0222] 25 Second protrusion

[0223] Sub-sections 26 and 26A

[0224] 27, 27A First Extension

[0225] 28, 28A Second Extension

[0226] 29, 29A Sub-protrusions

[0227] 30 electrodes

[0228] 31, 32 Wiring

[0229] 33 Control Department

[0230] Furthermore, the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-173345, filed on October 5, 2023, are incorporated herein by reference as a disclosure of this invention.

Claims

1. A dimming film comprising a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer to which a voltage can be applied, and a dimming layer disposed between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, wherein, The dimming film has a first segment, a second segment, and a sub-segment that are not electrically connected to each other. The first segment includes: a first extension extending in a first direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, and a first protrusion protruding from the first extension in a second direction orthogonal to the stacking direction and the first direction. The second segment includes: a second extension located further in the second direction than the first extension and extending in the first direction; and a second protrusion protruding from the second extension in a third direction opposite to the second direction and located at a different position in the first direction than the first protrusion. The sub-segment has a plurality of sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction, wherein at least one of the first protrusion and the second protrusion is present among the sub-protrusions.

2. The dimming film as described in claim 1, wherein, The sub-segment has a sub-extension that extends in the first direction and connects the sub-protrusions to each other.

3. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first section has a plurality of first protrusions, and the second section has a plurality of second protrusions.

4. The dimming film as described in claim 3, wherein, The sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction are provided with one of a plurality of first protrusions and a plurality of second protrusions between each other.

5. The dimming film as described in claim 2, wherein, The sub-segment includes a first sub-extension that connects one end of the plurality of sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction to each other, and a second sub-extension that connects the other end of the plurality of sub-protrusions arranged in the first direction to each other as the sub-extension.

6. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least one of the first protrusion and the second protrusion is rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular in top view.

7. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The number of the sub-protrusions is more than one and less than 50.

8. The dimming film as described in claim 7, wherein, The number of the sub-protrusions is more than 2 and less than 30.

9. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The width of the secondary protrusion is narrower than the widths of the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

10. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The second transparent electrode layer is a common electrode that has no non-electrically connected regions throughout its entire range.

11. The dimming film as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first transparent electrode layer has an insulating portion, and the first section, the second section and the sub-section are divided by the insulating portion.

12. A laminated glass comprising: First glass plate and second glass plate, and The dimming film of claim 1 or 2 is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.

13. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 12, wherein, The laminated glass has a shielding layer that overlaps with the periphery of the first glass plate and the second glass plate, as well as the periphery of the dimming film, when viewed from above. The first extension and the second extension are located at positions overlapping with the shielding layer when viewed from above.

14. The laminated glass as claimed in claim 13, wherein, The first extension and the second extension do not overlap with the area surrounded by the shielding layer, i.e., the opening area, when viewed from above. The first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the sub-protrusion each have at least a portion that overlaps with the opening region.

15. The laminated glass of claim 14, wherein, In the opening region, when the sum of the areas overlapping with the first protrusion is denoted as S1, the sum of the areas overlapping with the second protrusion is denoted as S2, and the sum of the areas overlapping with the plurality of sub-protrusions is denoted as S3, S1, S2 and S3 satisfy S1=S2=S3.

16. A vehicle window glass comprising the laminated glass of claim 12.

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