BIM-based building structure automatic checking method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of building hole design optimization, and particularly relates to a building structure automatic checking method and system based on BIM. The present application first acquires a building information model, extracts a current structure analysis span and an index array thereof, and acquires a construction tolerance array in combination with a beam section height; then extracts a subscript interval of each hole in the index array, acquires a section weakening rate array; further performs discrete convolution on the section weakening rate array, acquires a superposition weakening response array, and then obtains a risk index array in combination with the construction tolerance array; finally, determines whether the structure analysis span is compliant based on the risk index array; when it is determined that the structure analysis span is not compliant, generates an avoidance vector of the corresponding hole. The present application quantifies hole size, edge risk and group hole superposition effect into a risk index through discrete convolution, determines compliance and generates an avoidance vector according to the risk index, and solves the problem that group hole effect hidden risk cannot be identified and lacks optimization guidance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building opening design optimization technology, specifically to a BIM-based automatic verification method and system for building structures. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of architectural electromechanical detailed design, it is a common engineering scenario for electromechanical pipelines to pass through concrete frame beams. According to building structural design codes, as a key horizontal load-bearing component, the integrity of the frame beam's cross-section is directly related to the structural safety of the building. In particular, there are strict restrictions on the opening of holes in the stirrup reinforcement zone at the beam ends and in the longitudinal reinforcing steel (main reinforcement) areas at the upper and lower edges of the beam cross-section.

[0003] However, existing BIM review tools primarily rely on the geometry and location of individual holes for compliance assessment, lacking the ability to quantitatively evaluate the cumulative stress disturbance effects between adjacent holes (i.e., the hole cluster effect). This limitation prevents the effective identification of hidden risks associated with hole cluster effects. Furthermore, when design violations are detected, existing tools can only output alarm messages and cannot provide clear guidance on avoidance based on structural stress logic, forcing designers to engage in inefficient manual trial-and-error adjustments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that existing BIM reviews cannot identify and efficiently eliminate the hidden risks of hole cluster superposition effects, the present invention aims to provide a BIM-based automatic verification method and system for building structures. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0005] A BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures, the method comprising:

[0006] Acquire beam components and vertical support data from the building information model; extract the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed and obtain the unit vector based on the spatial distribution of the vertical supports along the beam axis; initialize the structural analysis segment based on the preset sampling resolution, obtain the index array, and obtain the construction tolerance array in combination with the beam section height;

[0007] Extract the subscript intervals of each hole within the structural analysis span in the index array, analyze the vertical deviation characteristics of each hole center relative to the neutral axis of the beam section, and combine the difference between the projected height of each hole and the beam section height in the beam height direction to obtain the section weakening rate array; construct a Gaussian kernel function array based on the beam section height and a preset sampling resolution, and perform discrete convolution on the section weakening rate array to obtain the superimposed weakening response array; fuse the constructed tolerance array and the superimposed weakening response array to obtain the risk index array;

[0008] Based on the risk index array, determine whether the structural analysis segment is compliant; when it is determined to be non-compliant, based on the data distribution within the risk index array, combined with the unit vector and the index interval, generate the corresponding hole avoidance vector.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the cross-sectional attenuation rate array includes:

[0010] Construct a second all-zero array of the same length as the index array. For each hole, obtain the vertical distance between the geometric center point of the hole and the neutral axis of the beam section as the vertical deviation. Determine the position sensitivity weight based on the vertical deviation. Use the ratio of the projected height of the hole in the vertical direction to the height of the beam section as the section ratio. Based on the index interval corresponding to the hole, accumulate the fusion result of the position sensitivity weight and the section ratio into the second all-zero array.

[0011] Iterate through all holes in the current structural analysis segment to obtain the cross-sectional attenuation rate array.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the avoidance vector includes:

[0013] The index position corresponding to the maximum value in the risk index array is taken as the maximum risk position, and the avoidance direction coefficient is obtained based on the distribution of the maximum risk position in the array;

[0014] Based on the index interval corresponding to the maximum risk location, the hole is located, and the avoidance direction coefficient, the unit vector, and the preset movement step size are fused to obtain the avoidance vector of the corresponding hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the avoidance direction coefficient includes:

[0016] When the maximum risk position is located at both ends of the array, the direction pointing to the side containing the data is taken as the avoidance direction; when there is data on both sides of the maximum risk position, the direction pointing to the side with the smallest data on both sides is taken as the avoidance direction; the avoidance direction coefficient is set based on the avoidance direction.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the Gaussian kernel function array includes:

[0018] The ratio of twice the beam cross-section height to the preset sampling resolution is rounded up and used as the half-window width of the Gaussian kernel function array. The initial weight value of each position is determined with half the beam cross-section height as the standard deviation, and then normalized to obtain the Gaussian kernel function array.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the index array includes:

[0020] Sample the structural analysis segment at a preset sampling resolution and construct an index array from the sampling indices.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the tolerance array includes:

[0022] Extract the projection points of the vertical support components on the support edge along the beam axis; construct a first all-zero array of the same length as the index array; obtain the coverage length of the encrypted zone based on the beam section height and the preset sampling resolution; based on the Euclidean distance from each point in the current structural analysis span to the nearest projection point of the support edge, and in combination with the coverage length of the encrypted zone, assign values ​​to the first all-zero array to obtain the tolerance array.

[0023] Furthermore, the method for determining whether the structural analysis segment is compliant includes:

[0024] When the maximum value in the risk index array is greater than or equal to the preset risk threshold, the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed is determined to be non-compliant.

[0025] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the structural analysis segment includes:

[0026] The projection point of the geometric center of the vertical support onto the beam axis is extracted as the support center coordinate point, and each pair of adjacent support center coordinate points constitutes a structural analysis span.

[0027] The present invention also proposes a BIM-based automatic verification system for building structures. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements any of the steps of the BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] This invention first acquires a building information model (BIM) and extracts the current structural analysis span to initially reduce analysis bias. Based on a preset sampling resolution, the structural analysis span is initialized, and an index array is obtained to further subdivide the span. A structural tolerance array is then obtained, combining this with the beam cross-section height to characterize the structure's inherent safety limit. Next, the index intervals of each opening in the index array are extracted, and the openings are associated with their indices. The vertical deviation characteristics of each opening's center relative to the beam cross-section's neutral axis are analyzed. Combining the difference between the projected height of each opening and the beam cross-section height along the beam height direction, a cross-section weakening rate array is generated, characterizing both the size risk of the openings and the edge structural risks. Further, the cross-section weakening rate array is discretized and convolved to simulate the physical law of stress disturbance weakening with increasing distance, obtaining a superimposed weakening response array. This accurately quantifies the superimposed effect of a group of openings that are compliant individually but non-compliant in a group. Then, a risk index array is obtained by combining this with the structural tolerance array. Finally, the compliance of the structural analysis span is determined based on the risk index array. When non-compliance is determined, an avoidance vector for the corresponding opening is generated. This method quantifies hole size, edge risk, and cluster hole superposition effect into a risk index through discrete convolution, thereby determining compliance and generating avoidance vectors, solving the problem of unidentifiable hidden risks of cluster hole effect and lack of optimization guidance. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an automatic verification method for building structures based on BIM, provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for obtaining a cross-sectional attenuation rate array, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a BIM-based automatic verification method and system for building structures proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0035] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the BIM-based automatic verification method and system for building structures provided by this invention.

[0036] In one embodiment of this invention, the applicable objects and environment are clearly defined as follows: This solution is mainly applicable to the compliance review of openings in geometrically homogeneous concrete beam members during the building structure design stage. Specifically, the beam members targeted by this method should maintain a consistent cross-sectional height along the axial direction within the same analysis span (i.e., a beam with a uniform cross-section), and their internal structural material properties should remain continuous and homogeneous. For irregularly shaped beam members with variable cross-sectional characteristics or composite material properties, they need to be preprocessed and discretized into several sub-spans with the aforementioned consistent characteristics before implementing this method. In addition, the vertical deviation calculation model in this solution is based on the geometric center of a rectangular cross-section by default. For non-rectangular cross-section beams such as T-shaped and L-shaped beams, their equivalent rectangular cross-section parameters under stress need to be extracted in advance as a calculation benchmark to ensure the uniformity of the physical meaning of the cross-section weakening assessment. For irregularly shaped electromechanical pipeline openings, this solution uniformly simplifies them into the minimum circumscribed rectangle or equivalent circular projection for processing to ensure the conservatism and computational efficiency of the structural safety assessment.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 The document illustrates a flowchart of an automatic verification method for building structures based on BIM, according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes:

[0038] Step S101: Obtain beam component and vertical support data from the building information model; extract the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed and obtain the unit vector based on the spatial distribution of the vertical supports along the beam axis; initialize the structural analysis segment based on the preset sampling resolution, obtain the index array, and obtain the construction tolerance array in combination with the beam section height.

[0039] In conventional BIM modeling, concrete beams are typically drawn as single geometric objects spanning multiple axes and may have geometric contact with non-load-bearing walls or other components. Directly using the original geometric boundaries for analysis can lead to errors in determining load-bearing supports and deviations in the calculation range. Therefore, the system first needs to parse the actual support locations of the beams and logically divide them into independent analysis units.

[0040] Therefore, the first step is to obtain the beam components and vertical support data from the building information model. Based on the spatial distribution of the vertical supports along the beam axis, the structural segment to be analyzed is extracted to initially reduce analysis bias. Simultaneously, unit vectors are obtained. This provides a basis for the subsequent construction of avoidance vectors;

[0041] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the system acquires the concrete beam member to be verified and all vertical members (including columns, walls, etc.) within its three-dimensional bounding box. For each vertical member, the system calculates its Boolean intersection entity with the concrete beam member. The system measures the projected width of this intersection entity in the direction perpendicular to the beam axis and calculates the ratio B1 of the projected width to the cross-sectional width of the concrete beam member.

[0042] The width of a concrete beam section refers to the dimension of the beam section in the horizontal plane, perpendicular to the beam span direction (i.e., the axial direction).

[0043] If B1 is greater than the preset effective support coefficient (in this embodiment, based on conventional engineering experience, the coefficient is set to 0.7 to effectively distinguish between structural columns and non-load-bearing structural columns), the system determines that the corresponding vertical member is an effective structural support and extracts the projection point of the geometric center of the vertical member on the beam axis, which is recorded as the support center coordinate point; at the same time, the system extracts the support edge projection point of the vertical support member on the beam axis: extracts the surface where the vertical support member and the beam member intersect (i.e., the support side surface), calculates the intersection point of the surface and the beam axis, and uses it as the support edge projection point.

[0044] After identifying all valid vertical supports, they are arranged according to the positional relationship of the center coordinates of all supports on the beam axis. Each pair of adjacent support center coordinates forms a structural analysis span, referred to as a span.

[0045] Then, the structural analysis spans are analyzed one by one. The analysis process for each structural analysis span is the same. Here, only one example is described and will not be repeated. The positive and negative directions of the beam axis do not affect the analysis of the structural analysis span. Any uniform positive direction can be taken. The start and end points of the structural analysis span are determined based on the set square. Since the spatial characteristics of different beams (such as axis direction, length, spatial position, etc.) are different, only a single structural beam is analyzed each time.

[0046] Further obtain the net span length of the structural segment to be analyzed. (Unit: mm): This refers to the Euclidean distance between the two ends of the structural analysis segment, and the unit vector from the starting point to the ending point is obtained. At the same time, the vertical section height H (unit: mm) of the beam member (structural analysis segment) is obtained, laying the foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0047] Considering the significant differences in the load-bearing capacity of different regions of the beam members for geometric openings, relying solely on a single geometric dimension cannot reflect these differences in structural safety limits. Therefore, the structural analysis span is initialized based on a preset sampling resolution, and an index array is obtained to further subdivide the structural analysis span. The continuous three-dimensional physical space is discretized into a one-dimensional numerical index along the beam axis, providing a positioning benchmark for all subsequent geometric features. In addition, a structural tolerance array is obtained by combining the beam section height to characterize the structural safety limit and provide a basis for subsequent comprehensive analysis of structural risks.

[0048] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the system sets a preset sampling resolution along the beam axis. In order to capture the geometric features of the smallest pipe opening, The value of should be small enough that the system detects the shortest projection of the hole on the beam axis. , In this embodiment, it is set .

[0049] Based on the clear span length and preset sampling resolution Sampling is performed on the structural analysis segment (starting from the beginning) at a preset sampling resolution, and the total number of indices N required for the segment is calculated: , This indicates rounding up, and the range of values ​​for the corresponding index n is... to The sampling indices are constructed into an index array.

[0050] To align spatial data with array indices, the system constructs a coordinate-to-index mapping function. For any point in three-dimensional space (For example, the geometric center of an electromechanical hole), the function maps it to a unique integer index. :

[0051] ;

[0052] in, Let the coordinates be the starting point of the segment to be analyzed in the structure. Indicates rounding down; It is a unit vector.

[0053] Furthermore, a first all-zero array (an all-zero array of length N) with the same length as the index array is constructed. Considering that there are essential differences in the construction requirements of the stirrup-reinforced zone at the beam end and the non-reinforced zone in the middle of the span according to the building structure code, the reinforced zone is more sensitive to the weakening of the cross section as a key stress area. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the coverage length of the reinforced zone based on the beam cross section height and the preset sampling resolution.

[0054] The physical length of the reinforced zone is determined by the beam cross-section height, as the beam height is a natural measure of the range of internal stress transmission and the length of the plastic hinge zone. Force flow diffuses from the loading point to the support at approximately a 45-degree angle. The higher the beam, the longer the horizontal projection of the stress disturbance zone. At the same time, the length of the plastic hinge at the beam end under seismic action is also positively correlated with the beam height. Therefore, the length of the reinforced zone is usually taken as 1.5 times the beam height to cover the main plastic deformation and stress disturbance range. Meanwhile, the code introduces 500 mm as an absolute lower limit to ensure that even for beams with a small cross-section height, there is enough space at the ends to arrange a sufficient number of stirrups to meet the basic structural requirements for seismic and shear resistance, and to avoid the inability to form effective restraint due to an excessively short reinforced zone.

[0055] Therefore, based on the larger of 1.5 times the beam height and 500mm as the benchmark for the length of the reinforced zone, the length of the reinforced coverage is set as follows. , ;

[0056] Then, based on the current structural analysis of the Euclidean distance from each point within the span to the nearest support edge projection point, and combined with the coverage length of the encrypted zone, the first all-zero array is assigned values ​​to obtain the tolerance array.

[0057] As an example, calculate the Euclidean distance between each sampling point (sampling point in the BIM model) within the current structural analysis span and the nearest supported edge projection point. If it is less than or equal to... If the condition is met, it is marked as an encrypted point; otherwise, it is marked as an unencrypted point.

[0058] Based on mapping function Obtain the index n corresponding to each sampling point. For the first all-zero array, if all sampling points corresponding to index n are unencrypted, assign them the preset unencryption tolerance. If the sampling points corresponding to index n include encrypted points, assign them the preset encryption tolerance. This yields the constructed tolerance array. .

[0059] The default encryption tolerance is 0.15, and the default non-encryption tolerance is 0.30, both of which are dimensionless.

[0060] It should be noted that the beam axis is obtained by reading the built-in parametric "axis" or "positioning line" of the beam component family in the BIM model, or by extracting the center line of the three-dimensional geometric entity of the currently analyzed beam as the beam axis. In other embodiments of the present invention, the implementer can also select the label result with a higher proportion according to the classification label ratio of the sampling points corresponding to each index, and assign a value to the index. If the proportions are the same, the value is assigned to the preset encryption tolerance. Other preset encryption tolerance and preset non-encryption tolerance can also be set as needed, but it must be ensured that the preset encryption tolerance is less than the preset non-encryption tolerance.

[0061] Considering the impact of BIM modeling accuracy and modeling method, there may not be enough BIM model sampling points (e.g., less than N) within the structural analysis span. Starting from the beginning of the span, points are taken at equal intervals according to the modeling resolution or other preset step size to replace the original model sampling points for Euclidean distance calculation. Implementers can also set other absolute lower limits for beam height ratio or densified coverage length, as well as preset sampling resolution, according to specific engineering scenarios, which will not be elaborated further.

[0062] Step S2: Extract the index range of each hole in the span of the structural analysis, analyze the vertical deviation characteristics of the center of each hole relative to the neutral axis of the beam section, and combine the difference between the projected height of each hole and the height of the beam section in the beam height direction to obtain the section weakening rate array; construct a Gaussian kernel function array based on the beam section height and the preset sampling resolution, perform discrete convolution on the section weakening rate array to obtain the superimposed weakening response array; fuse the tolerance array and the superimposed weakening response array to obtain the risk index array.

[0063] Considering that traditional geometric inspection only focuses on whether the size of a single hole exceeds the limit, it cannot identify the stress disturbance superposition effect caused by multiple adjacent holes being too close together, nor can it quantify the nonlinear influence of the vertical position of the hole on the integrity of the section. Therefore, the index range of each hole in the span is extracted and the hole is associated with the index, which facilitates the subsequent accurate generation of avoidance vectors for the holes.

[0064] Since holes closer to the edge are more likely to cut the longitudinal reinforcing bars or damage the concrete cover, their structural risks are far greater than the reduction in cross-sectional area alone. Considering that the projected height of the hole in the vertical direction directly determines its physical encroachment on the beam cross-section, the vertical deviation characteristics of the center of each hole relative to the neutral axis of the beam cross-section are analyzed. Combined with the difference between the projected height of each hole and the height of the beam cross-section in the beam height direction, the final generated cross-section reduction rate array can characterize both the risk of hole size and the risk of edge construction, and comprehensively depict the overall reduction degree of each hole on the beam cross-section from a numerical perspective.

[0065] According to Saint-Venant's principle, the stress distribution disturbance caused by local defects in a component exhibits attenuation characteristics in space. The stress disturbance caused by a single hole will spread outward from the hole as the center and attenuate with increasing distance. Therefore, a Gaussian kernel function array is constructed based on the beam section height and preset sampling resolution, and the section attenuation rate array is discretized and convolved to simulate the physical law that the stress disturbance weakens with increasing distance. The superimposed attenuation response array is obtained, thereby accurately quantifying the superimposed effect of hole group superposition where a single hole is compliant but a group of holes is non-compliant in the superimposed attenuation response array.

[0066] Ultimately, by fusing the tolerance array and the superimposed weakening response array, a risk index array is obtained, which comprehensively reflects the relative relationship between the actual weakening degree and the inherent tolerance limit of the structure. This directly quantifies the comprehensive safety margin of the current opening design under the combined effect of the hole group superposition effect and the edge construction risk, providing a basis for subsequent compliance judgment and intelligent avoidance guidance.

[0067] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the holes within the current structural analysis span are then extracted, and the minimum and maximum coordinate points of the hole projection along the beam axis are calculated to obtain the projection range of the hole on the beam axis. When the projection range of a hole falls entirely within a structural analysis span, it is determined to be a hole within the structural analysis span. When the projection range of a hole spans multiple structural analysis spans, the affiliation of the hole to the structural analysis span is determined according to the location of the geometric center point of the hole, and the span to which the geometric center point falls belongs.

[0068] Then, each hole within the current structural segment to be analyzed is analyzed one by one. The analysis process is the same, and only one example is used here: the projection interval is mapped using a mapping function. Obtain the indices of the two endpoints, and truncate or discard indices outside the range of 0 to N-1 to obtain the index range of the hole in the index array. .

[0069] Further, please refer to Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates a method for obtaining a cross-sectional attenuation rate array according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including:

[0070] Step S201: Construct a second all-zero array of the same length as the index array. For each hole, obtain the vertical distance between the geometric center point of the hole and the neutral axis of the beam section as the vertical deviation. Determine the position sensitivity weight based on the vertical deviation.

[0071] First, construct a zero array of length N as the second zero array; the neutral axis of the beam section is the section height. The system calculates the vertical distance between the geometric center point of the hole and the neutral axis of the beam section as the vertical deviation. (Euclidean distance between the geometric center point and the neutral axis of the beam section) represents the vertical deviation of the hole center relative to the neutral axis of the beam section. The larger the value, the closer the hole is to the top or bottom edge of the beam.

[0072] Then, based on the avoidance principle in engineering, the position sensitivity weight is determined based on the vertical deviation. .

[0073] As an example, When the center of the hole approaches the neutral axis, Approaching 0, Approaching the baseline risk; when the hole approaches the edge of the beam, Approaching , Approaching 2, the sensitivity of holes in the amplified edge region is increased. Dimensionless.

[0074] It should be noted that the method of extracting the geometric center point is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here; in the embodiments of this invention, "vertical" in the vertical direction, vertical distance, etc., refers to the cross-sectional height direction (beam height direction) relative to the local coordinate system of the building beam component, and not just the gravity direction in the geographic coordinate system.

[0075] Step S202: The ratio of the projected height of the hole in the vertical direction to the beam section height is used as the section ratio; based on the subscript interval corresponding to the hole, the fusion result of the position sensitivity weight and the section ratio is accumulated into the second all-zero array.

[0076] Since the location sensitivity weight only reflects the edge structural risk of the hole from the vertical deviation angle, and does not yet reflect the direct physical encroachment of the hole's own size on the cross-sectional area, the ratio of the hole's projected height in the vertical direction to the beam's cross-sectional height is used as the cross-sectional proportion. , Dimensionless, by calculating the proportion of the hole height to the total beam height, the degree of weakening of the beam cross-section by a single hole is quantified, providing numerical input of the dimensional dimension for subsequent fusion calculations.

[0077] Then, the position sensitivity weight and cross-sectional proportion are integrated so that the final comprehensive reduction value can reflect both the structural risk of the edge opening and the physical reduction of the cross-sectional area. Based on the index interval corresponding to the hole, it is accumulated to the corresponding index position in the second all-zero array.

[0078] As an example, fusion is performed through multiplication. , In the second array of all zeros, the index corresponds to Data value plus This completes one update of the second all-zero array.

[0079] The significance of the summation operation rather than the overwrite operation is that when multiple holes have overlapping projections at the same index position, the value at that position can be summed to record the comprehensive weakening contribution of all holes, providing a data basis for the accurate quantification of the subsequent hole stacking effect.

[0080] Step S203: Traverse all holes within the current structural analysis segment to obtain the cross-sectional attenuation rate array.

[0081] Since there may be multiple holes within the structural analysis span, in order to analyze the cumulative weakening effect of different holes at the same cross-sectional location or in the vicinity, all holes within the current structural analysis span are traversed, and the final second all-zero array is used as the cross-sectional weakening rate array. .

[0082] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the rounded-up result of the ratio of twice the beam cross-section height to the preset sampling resolution is used as the half-window width of the Gaussian kernel function array. , Gaussian kernel array The range of values ​​for the index m is: to (Total length is) );

[0083] The initial weight values ​​for each location are determined using half the beam section height as the standard deviation, and then normalized to obtain the Gaussian kernel function array. .

[0084] ;

[0085] , For the preset sampling resolution, This represents an exponential function with the natural constant e as the base. This represents the initial weight value corresponding to the m-th index position.

[0086] Then, a summation and normalization process is performed, where the sum of the initial weight values ​​at all index positions is used as the denominator, the initial weight value at each position is used as the numerator, and the ratio of the fractions is used as the Gaussian kernel function for the corresponding index position, constructing an array of Gaussian kernel functions. .

[0087] It should be noted that for structural analyses without holes, the analysis is skipped across segments, and the denominator of the summation and normalization here will definitely not be 0.

[0088] Next, obtain the stacked weakened response array: stacked weakened response array Each target sampling point in ( The system performs the following operations:

[0089] Window sliding and product summation: The system uses the target point Centered on, extract The range in the array is A piece of data, and its relationship with the kernel array. Perform point-by-point multiplication and summation:

[0090] ;

[0091] In the operation, if the index Exceeded the array Valid range (i.e.) or ), then the corresponding Value is considered (Zero-fill boundary handling).

[0092] Through discrete convolution operations, originally in The isolated pulse-like hole signal was smoothed to The mid-wave peak and the attenuation regions on both sides.

[0093] Single hole case: If there is only one isolated hole, It appears as an isolated wave packet, and its peak value reflects the degree of attenuation of the hole itself.

[0094] Hole cluster stacking: If there are two or more holes, and their spacing is less than the kernel window width (i.e., less than...), then... The wave packets generated by these waves will overlap and accumulate in the intermediate region. This accumulation will lead to... The local values ​​are significantly higher, even exceeding the simple sum of the peak values ​​of individual holes.

[0095] In this way, the system accurately reveals the risk gain caused by the adjacency of hole groups at the numerical level without the need for complex finite element mesh generation and iterative solutions.

[0096] Finally, the risk index array is obtained: the system iterates through all sampling point indices. Using stacking to weaken response arrays And construct the tolerance array Perform point-to-point division to generate a risk index array. : .

[0097] Step S3: Determine whether the structural analysis segment is compliant based on the risk index array; if it is not compliant, generate the corresponding hole avoidance vector based on the data distribution in the risk index array, combined with the unit vector and the index interval.

[0098] The risk index array provides a quantitative risk value for each location along the beam axis within the current structural analysis span. It integrates the hole group superposition effect, edge structure risk, and regional sensitivity differences into a unified numerical judgment basis. Therefore, the final determination of whether the structural analysis span is compliant is based on the risk index array.

[0099] When non-compliance is determined, it indicates that there is a risk exceeding the standard area in the current span due to the excessively close spacing of the hole groups or improper position of the edge openings. At this time, the data distribution in the risk index array reflects the continuous change trend of risk along the beam axis. The unit vector provides the precise orientation of the beam axis in three-dimensional space, and the subscript interval provides the identity information and spatial positioning of the hole, thereby generating the corresponding hole avoidance vector. This ensures that the avoidance command can be accurately associated with the specific non-compliant hole, providing designers with a clear and executable optimization path.

[0100] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, a preset risk threshold is set. , The setting is related to the setting when assigning values ​​to the construction tolerance array (e.g., 0.15 and 0.30). The construction tolerance array represents the upper limit of the maximum equivalent cross-sectional attenuation rate that the building structure can withstand in the corresponding region. It is by Energy-normalized convolution kernel The calculated value represents the weighted average attenuation intensity caused by holes in a local region, therefore the ratio This actually reflects the saturation of the actual weakening strength relative to the allowable upper limit, and here we take... ;

[0101] When the maximum value in the risk index array is less than the preset risk threshold, the system determines that the opening design of the current structural analysis segment meets the specifications and is marked as compliant, requiring no further optimization.

[0102] When the maximum value in the risk index array is greater than or equal to the preset risk threshold, it means that the actual weakening has reached or exceeded the construction safety bottom line, and the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed is determined to be non-compliant.

[0103] At this point, it is necessary to further generate an avoidance vector. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the avoidance vector includes:

[0104] The index position corresponding to the maximum value in the risk index array is taken as the maximum risk position, and the avoidance direction coefficient is obtained based on the distribution of the maximum risk position in the array;

[0105] As an example, when the maximum risk position is located at both ends of the array, the direction pointing to the side containing the data is taken as the avoidance direction; when there is data on both sides of the maximum risk position, the direction pointing to the side with the smallest data on both sides is taken as the avoidance direction; the avoidance direction coefficient is set based on the avoidance direction. .

[0106] The direction in which the index increases corresponds to the direction in which the unit vector in space points to the endpoint (the positive direction set in step S1). When the avoidance direction points to the direction in which the index decreases, the following is set: When the avoidance direction points in the direction of decreasing index, set... .

[0107] Then, based on the index interval corresponding to the location of the highest risk, the hole is located. Considering that there may be multiple index intervals containing the location of the highest risk, one of them is selected. The largest hole is identified as the illegal hole. Then, the avoidance direction coefficient, unit vector, and preset movement step size are combined to obtain the avoidance vector for the corresponding hole.

[0108] As an example, with a preset movement step size of 100mm, the product of the avoidance direction coefficient, the unit vector, and the preset movement step size is used as the avoidance vector for the illegal hole.

[0109] Among them, mechanical and electrical pipelines are usually arranged inside the suspended ceiling, and their vertical elevation (Y-axis) is strictly limited by the floor height and the building's clear height, leaving very little room for adjustment; while along the beam span direction (X-axis), there is usually a larger coordination space, and the unit vector provides the constraints for adjustment along the beam axis (X-axis).

[0110] It should be noted that when multiple holes meet the criteria for illegal holes, one of them may be selected at random. The largest opening; considering that a complete beam component may contain multiple structural analysis spans, and that openings may move from one span to another after adjustment, the system performs a complete verification process on all structural analysis spans in each iteration. When a span is determined to be non-compliant and an avoidance vector is generated, the system updates the position of the corresponding opening based on the avoidance vector, and re-verifies all spans in the next iteration.

[0111] Since a single adjustment may change the segment assignment of a single hole and may also affect the risk distribution of neighboring holes, a complete traversal of all segments ensures that each iteration is based on the latest hole position to rebuild the segment division and risk model, avoiding missed detections or misjudgments due to changes in segment assignment.

[0112] Meanwhile, the system sets a global maximum number of iterations as a loop limit (e.g., 50 times) to prevent infinite loops caused by continuous adjustments failing to meet compliance requirements. Furthermore, the system sets a loop termination condition: when it detects that multiple consecutive iterations (e.g., 3 times) generate completely opposite avoidance vectors for the same hole, causing the hole to oscillate back and forth between two adjacent positions without convergence, the system automatically terminates the loop and outputs the current adjustment result and an oscillation warning, allowing designers to intervene manually based on engineering experience. Through this looping mechanism, the system can continuously iterate and optimize in multi-segment scenarios until all segments meet compliance requirements or reach the iteration limit.

[0113] The system can generate 3D arrow markers on the model recognition map from the avoidance vectors generated during each iteration of the analysis, providing intuitive design support for relevant personnel.

[0114] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a BIM-based automatic verification system for building structures. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program. The memory is used to store the corresponding computer program, and the processor is used to run the corresponding computer program. When the computer program runs in the processor, it can implement the BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures described in steps S1-S3.

[0115] In summary, to address the technical problem that existing BIM reviews cannot identify and efficiently eliminate the hidden risks of hole cluster superposition effects, the present invention aims to provide a BIM-based automatic verification method and system for building structures. This invention first acquires the Building Information Model (BIM), extracts the current structural analysis span and its index array, and combines this with the beam section height to obtain a structural tolerance array. Then, it extracts the index intervals of each hole in the index array to obtain a section weakening rate array. Further, it performs discrete convolution on the section weakening rate array to obtain a superposition weakening response array, and then combines this with the structural tolerance array to obtain a risk index array. Finally, it determines whether the structural analysis span is compliant based on the risk index array. When non-compliant, it generates an avoidance vector for the corresponding hole. This method quantifies hole size, edge risk, and hole cluster superposition effects into a risk index through discrete convolution, thereby determining compliance and generating avoidance vectors, solving the problem of unidentified hidden risks of hole cluster effects and the lack of optimization guidance.

[0116] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0117] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire beam components and vertical support data from the building information model; extract the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed and obtain the unit vector based on the spatial distribution of the vertical supports along the beam axis; initialize the structural analysis segment based on the preset sampling resolution, obtain the index array, and obtain the construction tolerance array in combination with the beam section height; Extract the subscript intervals of each hole within the structural analysis span in the index array, analyze the vertical deviation characteristics of each hole center relative to the neutral axis of the beam section, and combine the difference between the projected height of each hole and the beam section height in the beam height direction to obtain the section weakening rate array; construct a Gaussian kernel function array based on the beam section height and a preset sampling resolution, and perform discrete convolution on the section weakening rate array to obtain the superimposed weakening response array; fuse the constructed tolerance array and the superimposed weakening response array to obtain the risk index array; Based on the risk index array, determine whether the structural analysis segment is compliant; when it is determined to be non-compliant, based on the data distribution within the risk index array, combined with the unit vector and the subscript interval, generate the corresponding hole avoidance vector; The method for obtaining the cross-sectional attenuation rate array includes: Construct a second all-zero array of the same length as the index array. For each hole, obtain the vertical distance between the geometric center point of the hole and the neutral axis of the beam section as the vertical deviation. Determine the position sensitivity weight based on the vertical deviation. Use the ratio of the projected height of the hole in the vertical direction to the height of the beam section as the section ratio. Based on the index interval corresponding to the hole, accumulate the fusion result of the position sensitivity weight and the section ratio into the second all-zero array. Iterate through all holes in the current structural analysis segment to obtain the cross-sectional attenuation rate array; The method for obtaining the avoidance vector includes: The index position corresponding to the maximum value in the risk index array is taken as the maximum risk position, and the avoidance direction coefficient is obtained based on the distribution of the maximum risk position in the array; Based on the index interval corresponding to the maximum risk location, locate the hole, and integrate the avoidance direction coefficient, the unit vector and the preset movement step size to obtain the avoidance vector of the corresponding hole; The method for obtaining the avoidance direction coefficient includes: When the maximum risk position is located at both ends of the array, the direction pointing to the side containing the data is taken as the avoidance direction; when there is data on both sides of the maximum risk position, the direction pointing to the side with the smallest data on both sides is taken as the avoidance direction; the avoidance direction coefficient is set based on the avoidance direction.

2. The BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the Gaussian kernel function array includes: The ratio of twice the beam cross-section height to the preset sampling resolution is rounded up and used as the half-window width of the Gaussian kernel function array. The initial weight value of each position is determined with half the beam cross-section height as the standard deviation, and then normalized to obtain the Gaussian kernel function array.

3. The BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methods for obtaining the index array include: Sample the structural analysis segment at a preset sampling resolution and construct an index array from the sampling indices.

4. The BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the tolerance array includes: Extract the projection points of the vertical support components on the support edge along the beam axis; construct a first all-zero array of the same length as the index array; obtain the coverage length of the encrypted zone based on the beam section height and the preset sampling resolution; assign values ​​to the first all-zero array based on the Euclidean distance from each point in the current structural analysis span to the nearest projection point of the support edge, and combine the coverage length of the encrypted zone to obtain the construction tolerance array.

5. The BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining whether the structural analysis segment is compliant includes: When the maximum value in the risk index array is greater than or equal to the preset risk threshold, the current structural analysis segment to be analyzed is determined to be non-compliant.

6. The BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the structural analysis segment includes: The projection point of the geometric center of the vertical support onto the beam axis is extracted as the support center coordinate point, and each pair of adjacent support center coordinate points constitutes a structural analysis span.

7. A BIM-based automatic verification system for building structures, the system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the BIM-based automatic verification method for building structures as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images