Broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beam broadening

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beam broadening. The antenna is sequentially provided with a first dielectric block, a first metal layer, a second dielectric block, a metal ground layer, a dielectric substrate and a second metal layer from top to bottom, the first dielectric block is rectangular, the second dielectric block is in a centrosymmetric cross shape, the first metal layer comprises four centrosymmetric rectangular metal patches and a pair of 45-degree oblique symmetric metal strips, a fork-shaped feed groove is etched in the metal ground layer, and the second metal layer is of a linear microstrip feed structure. A signal is coupled to the fork-shaped feed groove through the microstrip feed structure, the laminated dielectric block is excited to generate an orthogonal mode to form right-handed circular polarization, the rectangular metal patch realizes beam broadening, and the metal strip inhibits left-handed circular polarization to broaden the axial ratio bandwidth. The antenna is wide in bandwidth, can achieve double-sided beam broadening, facilitates array scanning, and is suitable for the fields of satellite communication and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave communication, and particularly to a circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas combine the advantages of dielectric materials (high radiation efficiency, low loss, and high design freedom) with the resistance to multipath interference and avoidance of polarization mismatch associated with circular polarization, making them widely used in fields such as satellite communications. As wireless systems increasingly demand higher bandwidth and beamwidth, the bandwidth and beamwidth of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas also need to be improved to achieve broadband beamwidth circularly polarized antennas. However, traditional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas are often complex in design and expensive to manufacture, and most fail to achieve beamwidth, thus failing to meet the new requirements of wireless systems. Therefore, broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas with double-sided beamwidth have significant research value and engineering potential.

[0003] There are currently three main design methods for wide-beam circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas. The first method uses a cross-shaped slot to excite the orthogonal modes of a rectangular cylindrical dielectric resonator with a perforated substrate to achieve circular polarization radiation, and uses an outer metal ring to achieve double-sided beamwidth. However, this method suffers from structural complexity and narrow bandwidth. The second method combines a specially shaped ground plane and feeding structure to obtain wide-beam circularly polarized radiation, but it still suffers from structural complexity and narrow bandwidth, and is difficult to perform array scanning. The third method uses multiple-bend slots to excite a specially shaped dielectric block to achieve wide-beam circular polarization radiation, and then uses four separate metal sheets to control the radiation performance. However, this method is difficult to manufacture and is not conducive to array scanning.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth that can balance bandwidth and array requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above-mentioned prior art, a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth is proposed, which can simultaneously achieve wide operating bandwidth, double-sided beamwidth and easy array scanning.

[0006] Technical solution: A broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth expansion, comprising: a first dielectric block, a first metal layer, a second dielectric block, a metal ground layer, a dielectric substrate, and a second metal layer;

[0007] The first dielectric block has a rectangular structure, and the second dielectric block has a centrally symmetrical cross-shaped structure. The first dielectric block is located at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric block.

[0008] The first metal layer includes four rectangular metal patches arranged symmetrically in the center and a pair of metal strips arranged obliquely symmetrically at a 45° angle. The four rectangular metal patches are respectively located at the center of the upper surface end of each medium arm of the second medium block. One side of the two rectangular metal patches in the upper left corner is connected to one of the metal strips.

[0009] A forked feed groove is etched at the center of the metal layer, and the second metal layer is a line-shaped microstrip feed structure.

[0010] The signal is coupled to the fork-shaped feed slot through the linear microstrip feed structure, and then coupled to the first dielectric block and the second dielectric block through the fork-shaped feed slot to form right-hand circularly polarized radiation with double-sided beamwidth.

[0011] Furthermore, the projection of the first dielectric block falls entirely within the central region of the second dielectric block, and each side of the first dielectric block is perpendicular to the direction of the dielectric arm of the second dielectric block.

[0012] Furthermore, a pair of metal strips are respectively disposed on the upper surfaces of two adjacent dielectric arms of the second dielectric block, and located on one side of the length direction of the corresponding rectangular metal patch. One side of the metal strip is seamlessly connected to the side of the rectangular metal patch, and the other side is flush with the side of the dielectric arm. A gap is provided between the end of the metal strip and the end of the dielectric arm.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the free space wavelength λ0 corresponding to the center frequency, the length of the first dielectric block is 0.12λ0~0.13λ0, the width is 0.24λ0~0.25λ0, and the height is 0.279λ0~0.281λ0.

[0014] Furthermore, each medium arm of the second medium block has a length of 0.23λ0~0.24λ0, a width of 0.279λ0~0.281λ0, and a height of 0.061λ0~0.063λ0.

[0015] Furthermore, the rectangular metal patch has a length of 0.21λ0~0.22λ0 and a width of 0.15λ0~0.16λ0; the metal strip has a length of 0.21λ0~0.22λ0 and a width of 0.046λ0~0.047λ0.

[0016] Furthermore, the fork-shaped power supply slot is formed by two rectangular slots of equal width intersecting at a 45° angle. The width of the rectangular slots is 0.030λ0~0.032λ0, where the length of the longer rectangular slot is between 0.23λ0~0.24λ0 and the length of the shorter rectangular slot is between 0.093λ0~0.094λ0.

[0017] Furthermore, the linear microstrip feed structure is composed of two rectangular microstrip lines connected together. The linear microstrip feed structure extends from the midpoint of one side of the metal ground layer to the center point of the metal ground layer and crosses the fork-shaped feed slot.

[0018] Furthermore, in the aforementioned linear microstrip feeding structure, the longer rectangular microstrip line has a length of 0.63λ0~0.64λ0 and a width of 0.034λ0~0.036λ0; the shorter rectangular microstrip line has a length of 0.139λ0~0.141λ0 and a width of 0.015λ0~0.016λ0.

[0019] Furthermore, the stacked dielectric blocks operate in mutually orthogonal... Model and The module forms a right-hand circularly polarized radiation; the rectangular metal patch excites TM at the end of the dielectric arm. 01 The mode broadens the beamwidth; the metal strip, by interfering with the electric field, suppresses right-hand circular polarization and broadens the axial ratio bandwidth.

[0020] Beneficial Effects: Existing circularly polarized dielectric resonator filter antennas lack substrate integration and suffer from problems such as narrow operating bandwidth or wide operating bandwidth but poor in-band gain stability, as well as high profile or large size. This invention applies a stacked dielectric structure, a centrally symmetrical rectangular metal sheet, and a slender metal strip structure to a multimode dielectric resonator. By utilizing these three elements to excite the right-hand circularly polarized mode, suppress the left-hand circularly polarized electric field, and broaden the beam, the beamwidth and axial ratio bandwidth are effectively broadened, realizing a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth, offering a wider bandwidth and ease of arraying.

[0021] Specifically, the stacked dielectric blocks operate in mutually orthogonal... Model and mold, Model and A 90-degree phase difference is formed between the modes, constituting right-hand circularly polarized radiation, but the bandwidth is narrow, and wide-beam radiation is difficult to achieve. By introducing centrally symmetrical rectangular metal patches, four patches can be excited at both ends of the dielectric arm, each with its own TM. 01 Module, each TM 01 Each mode can be equivalent to two unidirectional magnetic currents, so the four patches can be considered as having four sets of unidirectional and symmetrically arranged equivalent magnetic currents on both the E and H planes. Model and The mode can also be equivalent to an equivalent magnetic current along the y and x directions at the center of the medium, resulting in the superposition of five equivalent magnetic currents in both the E and H planes, effectively widening the beamwidth. However, TM 01The presence of the mode in certain locations generates strong left-handed circular polarization, which deteriorates the axial ratio bandwidth and makes it difficult to achieve broadband circular polarization operation. By introducing a pair of slender metal strips in the upper left corner, the right-handed circular polarization is suppressed by interfering with the electric field, thereby widening the axial ratio bandwidth. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the antenna structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure from below in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 For the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention, |S 11 |and gain simulation diagram;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the E-plane half-power beamwidth of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the H-plane half-power beamwidth of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the axial ratio of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a simulation efficiency curve of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 The simulated radiation pattern of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention at 8.8 GHz is shown.

[0031] Figure 10 The simulated radiation pattern of the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention at 9.3 GHz is shown.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a simulated radiation pattern of the antenna at 9.8 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The invention will now be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] A broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth extension, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the structure consists of a first dielectric block 1, a first metal layer 2, a second dielectric block 3, a metal ground layer 4, a dielectric substrate 5, and a second metal layer 6 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The dielectric constants of the first dielectric block 1 and the second dielectric block 3 are the same and are both greater than those of the dielectric substrate 5.

[0035] The first dielectric block 1 is a rectangular dielectric block with a length between 0.12λ0 and 0.13λ0, a width between 0.24λ0 and 0.25λ0, and a height between 0.279λ0 and 0.281λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

[0036] The first metal layer 2 includes four rectangular metal patches 201 arranged symmetrically at the center and a pair of metal strips 202 arranged obliquely symmetrically at a 45° angle. The two rectangular metal patches 201 in the upper left corner are each connected to a metal strip 202. The length of the rectangular metal patches 201 is between 0.21λ0 and 0.22λ0, and the width is between 0.15λ0 and 0.16λ0. The length of the metal strips 202 is between 0.21λ0 and 0.22λ0, and the width is between 0.046λ0 and 0.047λ0.

[0037] The second dielectric block 3 is a centrally symmetrical cross shape. The length of each dielectric arm is between 0.23λ0 and 0.24λ0, the width is between 0.279λ0 and 0.281λ0, and the height is between 0.061λ0 and 0.063λ0. The first dielectric block 1 is located at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric block 3, and each side of the first dielectric block 1 is perpendicular to the direction of a dielectric arm. The four rectangular metal patches 201 of the first metal layer 2 are located at the center of the end of the upper surface of each dielectric arm; a pair of metal strips 202 are located on the upper surface of two adjacent dielectric arms, and are located on one side of the length direction of the rectangular metal patches 201. One side of the metal strip 202 is connected to one side of the rectangular metal patch 201, and the other side of the metal strip 202 is flush with the side of the dielectric arm. There is a gap between the end of the metal strip 202 and the end of the dielectric arm.

[0038] At the center of the metallic formation 4, two rectangular fork-shaped feed trenches 401 are etched, which intersect at a 45° angle. The two rectangles have equal widths, both between 0.030λ0 and 0.032λ0. The longer rectangular trench has a length between 0.23λ0 and 0.24λ0, while the shorter rectangular trench has a length between 0.093λ0 and 0.094λ0.

[0039] The second metal layer 6 consists of two rectangular microstrip lines connected to form a linear microstrip feed structure. This linear microstrip feed junction starts from the midpoint of one side of the metal ground layer 4, extends towards the center of the metal ground layer 4, and crosses the forked feed slot 401. The longer rectangular microstrip line 601 has a length between 0.63λ0 and 0.64λ0 and a width between 0.034λ0 and 0.036λ0, while the shorter rectangular microstrip line 602 has a length between 0.139λ0 and 0.141λ0 and a width between 0.015λ0 and 0.016λ0.

[0040] For the antenna with the above structure, the signal is coupled to the fork-shaped feed slot 401 through the microstrip feed structure, and further coupled to excite the dielectric block of the stack, forming a broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth under the action of the overall structure.

[0041] During this process, the stacked dielectric blocks operate in mutually orthogonal directions. Model and mold, Model and A 90-degree phase difference is formed between the modes, constituting right-hand circularly polarized radiation, but the bandwidth is narrow and it is difficult to achieve wide-beam radiation. When a centrally symmetrical rectangular metal patch 201 is introduced, four rectangular metal patches can be excited at both ends of the dielectric arm, each with its own TM. 01 Module, each TM 01 Each modulus can be equivalent to two unidirectional magnetic currents, so the four rectangular metal patches can be considered as having four sets of unidirectional and symmetrically arranged equivalent magnetic currents on both the E and H planes. Model and The mode can also be equivalent to an equivalent magnetic current along the y and x directions at the center of the medium, resulting in the superposition of five equivalent magnetic currents in both the E and H planes, effectively widening the beamwidth. However, TM 01 The presence of the mode in certain locations generates strong left-hand circular polarization, deteriorating the axial ratio bandwidth and making it difficult to achieve broadband circular polarization operation. Introducing a pair of slender metal strips 202 in the upper left corner, by interfering with the electric field, suppresses right-hand circular polarization, thereby broadening the axial ratio bandwidth. The overall structure can achieve double-beam broadened circular polarization radiation, and its operating bandwidth is wide and easy to array.

[0042] This embodiment uses JJD12-1 ceramic dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 12.2, and the overall antenna element size is 0.745λ0 × 0.745λ0 × 0.34λ0. The |S| of this embodiment's antenna... 11 The simulated response of | and gain is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the antenna's 10-dB matching frequency range is 8.33 GHz to 10.33 GHz. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The images show the dual-beamwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. It can be seen that the operating bandwidth of the dual-beamwidth is 8.5 GHz to 9.8 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 8.44 GHz to 10.15 GHz. That is, the circular polarization operating bandwidth can reach 18.4%, the combined bandwidth of the three can reach 14.2%, and the maximum in-band gain can reach 6.05 dBic.

[0043] Figure 8 The figure shows the antenna's efficiency response curve, with a maximum efficiency of 98%. Figure 9 Simulated radiation patterns at 8.8 GHz, 9.3 GHz, and 10.8 GHz when the antenna is in operation show that this design is a right-hand circularly polarized antenna with half-power beamwidths of 120.2°, 131.1°, and 116.8° at phi = 0° and 118°, 138.2°, and 149.6° at phi = 90°.

[0044] Compared with existing designs, the broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth proposed in this invention has the advantages of simultaneously achieving broadband operation, double-sided beamwidth, and easy arraying.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth extension, characterized in that, include: First dielectric block (1), first metal layer (2), second dielectric block (3), metal ground layer (4), dielectric substrate (5), and second metal layer (6); The first medium block (1) is a rectangular structure, and the second medium block (3) is a centrally symmetrical cross-shaped structure. The first medium block (1) is located at the center of the upper surface of the second medium block (3). The first metal layer (2) includes four rectangular metal patches (201) arranged symmetrically in the center and a pair of metal strips (202) arranged obliquely symmetrically at a 45° angle. The four rectangular metal patches (201) are respectively located at the center of the upper surface of each medium arm of the second medium block (3). The two rectangular metal patches (201) in the upper left corner are connected to one of the metal strips (202) on one side respectively. The metal layer (4) has a fork-shaped feed groove (401) etched at its center, and the second metal layer (6) has a line-shaped microstrip feed structure; The signal is coupled to the fork-shaped feed slot (401) through the line-shaped microstrip feed structure, and then coupled to the first dielectric block (1) and the second dielectric block (3) through the fork-shaped feed slot (401) to form right-hand circularly polarized radiation with double-sided beamwidth.

2. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projection of the first medium block (1) falls completely within the central area of ​​the second medium block (3), and each side of the first medium block (1) is perpendicular to the direction of the medium arm of the second medium block (3).

3. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pair of metal strips (202) are respectively disposed on the upper surface of two adjacent media arms of the second media block (3) and located on one side of the length direction of the corresponding rectangular metal patch (201). One side of the metal strip (202) is seamlessly connected to the side of the rectangular metal patch (201), and the other side is flush with the side of the media arm. A gap is provided between the end of the metal strip (202) and the end of the media arm.

4. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the free space wavelength λ0 corresponding to the center frequency, the length of the first dielectric block (1) is 0.12λ0~0.13λ0, the width is 0.24λ0~0.25λ0, and the height is 0.279λ0~0.281λ0.

5. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each medium arm of the second medium block (3) has a length of 0.23λ0~0.24λ0, a width of 0.279λ0~0.281λ0, and a height of 0.061λ0~0.063λ0.

6. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rectangular metal patch (201) has a length of 0.21λ0~0.22λ0 and a width of 0.15λ0~0.16λ0; the metal strip (202) has a length of 0.21λ0~0.22λ0 and a width of 0.046λ0~0.047λ0.

7. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fork-shaped power supply slot (401) is formed by two rectangular slots of equal width intersecting at an angle of 45°. The width of the rectangular slots is 0.030λ0~0.032λ0, where the length of the longer rectangular slot is between 0.23λ0~0.24λ0 and the length of the shorter rectangular slot is between 0.093λ0~0.094λ0.

8. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linear microstrip feed structure is composed of two rectangular microstrip lines connected together. The linear microstrip feed structure extends from the midpoint of one side of the metal stratum (4) to the center point of the metal stratum (4) and crosses the fork-shaped feed slot (401).

9. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the described linear microstrip feeding structure, the longer rectangular microstrip line (601) has a length of 0.63λ0~0.64λ0 and a width of 0.034λ0~0.036λ0; the shorter rectangular microstrip line (602) has a length of 0.139λ0~0.141λ0 and a width of 0.015λ0~0.016λ0.

10. The broadband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with double-sided beamwidth according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The stacked dielectric blocks operate in mutually orthogonal directions. Model and The mode constitutes right-hand circularly polarized radiation; The rectangular metal patch (201) excites TM at the end of the dielectric arm. 01 The mode broadens the beamwidth; the metal strip (202) achieves suppression of right-hand circular polarization by interfering with the electric field, thus broadening the axial ratio bandwidth.

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