Circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna, which comprises eight groups of Г-shaped antennas, and the eight groups of Г-shaped antennas are uniformly distributed on four sides of a square. The length of the side of the square, the size of the eight groups of Г-shaped antennas, the phase of each Г-shaped antenna and the thickness of the half-open metal shell below the antenna are continuously optimized in the HFSS software, so that the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna is greatly widened to more than 180 degrees, the antenna can receive satellite signals within a range of ±105 degrees, and the problem that a conventional satellite receiving terminal antenna cannot resist large-angle shaking and swinging of a carrier due to narrow beam is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Circularly polarized ultrawide beam antennas are supporting devices for mobile communications. With the development of satellite communications, satellite receiving terminals are widely used in vehicles, aircraft, and ships, requiring increasingly wider beams for the receiving terminal antennas to withstand the effects of wind, waves, and large-angle turbulence and tumbling of the carrier. Currently, the most common wide-beam circularly polarized antennas on the market are mainly implemented in two forms: ceramic antennas and four-arm spiral antennas. With the continuous development of technology, people have increasingly higher requirements for the manufacturing process of circularly polarized ultrawide beam antennas.

[0003] Existing wide-beam antennas have certain drawbacks in use. First, ceramic antennas utilize the surface wave effect of high dielectric constant ceramics to broaden the antenna beam, but this design method has very limited beamwidth, generally only reaching 80° to 90°, which is not conducive to user experience. Second, quad-helical antennas use the combination of four helical antennas to broaden the beam, achieving a beamwidth of 110° to 120° compared to ceramic antennas, but this still cannot meet the needs of some special situations (large-angle turbulence and roll). Furthermore, this design method has a disadvantage: when the low elevation angle of the antenna is greater than 60°, the antenna gain drops sharply with increasing elevation angle, making it impossible to receive satellite signals within this angle range, which negatively impacts user experience. Therefore, we propose a circularly polarized ultra-wide-beam antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna. It employs eight Γ-shaped antennas evenly distributed along the four sides of a square. By continuously optimizing the side length of the square, the phase assigned to each Γ-shaped antenna, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell beneath the antenna in HFSS software, the beamwidth of the circularly polarized antenna is significantly widened to over 180°. The antenna can receive satellite signals within a range of ±105°, solving the problem that conventional satellite receiving terminal antennas, due to their narrow beamwidth, cannot withstand large-angle turbulence and swaying of the carrier. This effectively addresses the problems in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna, comprising 8 groups of G-shaped antennas. The design of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas includes the side length of the square formed by the groups of G-shaped antennas, the size of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell. The 8 groups of G-shaped antennas are distributed on the four sides of the square, and a semi-open metal shell is designed below the antennas. By continuously optimizing the side length of the square, the size of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas, and the height of the semi-open metal shell in HFSS software, the beamwidth of the 8 groups of G-shaped antennas is extended to 180°, and the sharp decrease in gain with increasing angle after the elevation angle is greater than 90° is delayed.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of this application, in the design of the 8 groups of Г-shaped antennas, the side length of the square is continuously optimized by HFSS software, and the side length of the square is obtained as a=(0.55-0.65)λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the antenna in air. After the 8 groups of Г-shaped antennas are combined, the roundness is below 0.3dB.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the eight groups of Г-shaped antennas adopt an optimization algorithm while controlling the width to 3.5mm. The length of the vertical part is (12%-15%)λ, the length of the horizontal part is (18%-21%)λ, and the standing wave ratio of each Г-shaped antenna is less than 1.4.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of this application, when the phase of each of the eight Γ-shaped antennas is continuously optimized by HFSS software to obtain the phases of the eight Γ-shaped antennas as 0°±5°, 45°±5°, 90°±5°, 135°±5°, 180°±5°, 225°±5°, 270°±5°, and 325°±5° respectively, the axial ratio of the antenna is optimized to be less than 1.5dB, and the beamwidth of the antenna can be extended to 180°.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of this application, when the side length of the semi-open metal shell below the 8 groups of Г-shaped antennas is the same as the side length of the square formed by the 8 Г-shaped antennas, the thickness of the shell is optimized to obtain a thickness of (10%~12%)λ. When the thickness is λ, the antenna gain is greater than 0.75dB at a low elevation angle of 105°, that is, 105° away from the normal.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the design of the 8 G-shaped antennas includes four parts: the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas, the size of the 8 G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 G-shaped antennas, and the design of the thickness of the semi-open metal shell.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the design of the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas, the size of the 8 G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 G-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell are all optimized using HFSS software.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of this application, the side length of the semi-open metal shell is the same as the side length of the square formed by the 8 sets of Г-shaped antennas.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna with the following advantages: This circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna uses eight groups of Γ-shaped antennas evenly distributed on the four sides of a square. By continuously optimizing the side length of the square, the phase assigned to each Γ-shaped antenna, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell below the antenna in HFSS software, the beam width of the circularly polarized antenna is greatly widened to over 180°. The antenna can receive satellite signals within a range of ±105°, solving the problem that conventional satellite receiving terminal antennas, due to their narrow beams, cannot withstand large-angle bumps and swaying of the carrier. The entire circularly polarized ultra-wide beam antenna has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and performs better than traditional methods. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna of the present invention, which is formed by eight groups of Г-shaped antennas.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the Г-shaped antenna in a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a synthesized network in a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna of the present invention, wherein the phases from 1 to 8 are successively 45° apart.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a semi-open metal shell in a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a conventional wide-beam circularly polarized antenna.

[0020] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the ultrawide beam circularly polarized antenna designed for this technology. Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall be followed. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna includes eight G-shaped antennas. The design of the eight G-shaped antennas includes the side length of the square formed by the antennas, the size of the eight G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the eight G-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell. The eight G-shaped antennas are distributed on the four sides of the square, and a semi-open metal shell is designed below the antennas. By continuously optimizing the side length of the square, the size of the eight G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the eight G-shaped antennas, and the height of the semi-open metal shell in HFSS software, the beamwidth of the eight G-shaped antennas is extended to 180°, and the sharp decrease in gain with increasing angle after the elevation angle is greater than 90° is mitigated.

[0025] Furthermore, in the design of the 8 G-shaped antennas, the side length of the square was continuously optimized using HFSS software, and the side length of the square was obtained as a = (0.55-0.65)λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the antenna in the air. After the 8 G-shaped antennas were combined, the roundness was below 0.3dB.

[0026] Furthermore, with a width of 3.5mm, the eight Г-shaped antennas employ an optimization algorithm, resulting in a vertical section length of (12%-15%)λ and a horizontal section length of (18%-21%)λ, with each Г-shaped antenna exhibiting a standing wave ratio of less than 1.4.

[0027] Furthermore, by continuously optimizing the phase of each of the eight Γ-shaped antennas using HFSS software, the axial ratio of the antennas is optimized to less than 1.5dB when the phases of the eight Γ-shaped antennas are 0°±5°, 45°±5°, 90°±5°, 135°±5°, 180°±5°, 225°±5°, 270°±5°, and 325°±5° respectively. At the same time, the beamwidth of the antennas can be extended to 180°.

[0028] Furthermore, with the bottom side length of the semi-open metal shell below the 8 G-shaped antennas being the same as the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas, the thickness of the shell is optimized to obtain a thickness of (10%~12%)λ. At this thickness, the antenna gain is greater than 0.75dB at a low elevation angle of 105°, i.e., 105° away from the normal.

[0029] Furthermore, the design of the 8 G-shaped antennas includes four parts: the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas, the size of the 8 G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 G-shaped antennas, and the design of the thickness of the semi-open metal shell.

[0030] Furthermore, the design of the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas, the size of the 8 G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the 8 G-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell were all optimized using HFSS software.

[0031] Furthermore, the side length of the semi-open metal shell is the same as the side length of the square formed by the eight Г-shaped antennas. Example

[0032] This invention employs eight Γ-shaped antennas arranged in a square, with a semi-open metal housing beneath them. By continuously optimizing the side length of the square formed by these eight Γ-shaped antennas, the dimensions of the Γ-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the eight Γ-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal housing in HFSS software, the antenna beamwidth is significantly widened and the sharp decrease in low elevation gain with increasing angle is mitigated.

[0033] A schematic diagram of the overall design of this invention patent is shown below. Figure 1 As shown

[0034] Eight Γ-shaped antennas are arranged in a square. The side length of the square formed by the eight Γ-shaped antennas is significantly related to the antenna's non-circularity. In the design, the angular level fluctuation of the antenna beam cross-section is controlled to be ≤0.3dB. The side length variable parameter 'a' is designed.

[0035] The formula for calculating the radiation field of the i-th antenna

[0036] Ei(r, θ, Φ)=KiIiejΦifi(θ, Φ)exp(-jkRi) / Ri

[0037] Ri is a physical quantity related to the distance of the i-th antenna, and it is related to the side length variable parameter a, i.e., Ri = R(a).

[0038] Total radiation field of 8 Γ-shaped antennas

[0039] E(r, θ, Φ) = ∑E1(r, θ, Φ) where i is an integer from 1 to 8.

[0040] Through continuous optimization, the value of E(r, θ, Φ) fluctuates by ≤0.3dB at different angles, resulting in a=(0.55-0.65)λ.

[0041] For the dimensions of the Γ-shaped antenna, given a width of 3.5mm, let the length of the vertical portion be y, and the length of the horizontal portion be x.

[0042] The impedance of the Γ-shaped antenna depends significantly on the variables x and y, and is set...

[0043] Z = Z(x, y)

[0044] Given a 50Ω characteristic impedance at Z0, then the standing wave...

[0045] Γ=( ZO-Z) / ( ZO+Z)

[0046] VSWR=(1+Γ) / (1-Γ)

[0047] Set the objective function VSWR≤1.4, and continuously optimize the two variables (x, y) within the specified frequency range so that the result is infinitely close to the objective function. At this time, the length of the vertical part is (12%-15%)λ and the length of the horizontal part is (18%-21%)λ.

[0048] Phase design of each of the 8 Γ-shaped antennas

[0049] The formula for calculating the radiation field of the i-th antenna

[0050] Ei(r, θ, Φ)=KiIiejΦifi(θ, Φ)exp(-jkRi) / Ri

[0051] Φi is the initial phase of the i-th antenna.

[0052] Similarly, the total radiation field of the eight Γ-shaped antennas

[0053] E(r, θ, Φ) = ∑E1(r, θ, Φ) where i is an integer from 1 to 8.

[0054] Through continuous optimization, it can be concluded that when the phases of the eight Γ-shaped antennas are 0°±5°, 45°±5°, 90°±5°, 135°±5°, 180°±5°, 225°±5°, 270°±5°, and 325°±5° respectively, the beamwidth of the antenna can be extended to 180°, and the axial ratio of the antenna is also optimized to less than 1.5dB.

[0055] Semi-open metal casing thickness design

[0056] When the side length of the semi-open metal shell is the same as the side length of the square formed by the 8 Г-shaped antennas, the thickness parameter of the metal shell is set to h;

[0057] The constraints are set at an elevation angle of 105° and the antenna's normal gain value being less than 4dB, i.e., |△E|≤4dB. By continuously optimizing the variable h, the optimal result is that when h is (10%~12%)λ, the antenna gain is greater than 0.75dB at a low elevation angle of 105° (105° off the normal).

[0058] Comparative example:

[0059] The advantages of this invention patent can be illustrated by the comparison in the table below.

[0060] Directional chart

[0061] in Figure 6 It is a conventional wide-beam circularly polarized antenna;

[0062] in Figure 7 This is an ultra-wide beam circularly polarized antenna designed for this technology.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second (number one, number two), etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0064] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized ultrawide beam antenna, comprising 8 sets of Г-shaped antennas, characterized in that: The eight G-shaped antennas comprise the side length of the square formed by the eight G-shaped antennas, the dimensions of the eight G-shaped antennas, the phase assigned to each of the eight G-shaped antennas, and the thickness of the semi-open metal shell. The eight G-shaped antennas are evenly distributed along the four sides of the square, and a semi-open metal shell is designed below the antennas. The bottom side of the semi-open metal shell below the eight G-shaped antennas has the same side length as the square formed by the eight G-shaped antennas. The thickness of the shell is (10%–12%)λ, and the side length of the square is a = (0.55–0.6). 5) λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the antenna in air. The width of the 8 G-shaped antennas is 3.5 mm, the length of the vertical part is (12%-15%)λ, and the length of the horizontal part is (18%-21%)λ. The phases of the 8 G-shaped antennas are 0°±5°, 45°±5°, 90°±5°, 135°±5°, 180°±5°, 225°±5°, 270°±5°, and 325°±5°, respectively. The side length of the semi-open metal shell is the same as the side length of the square formed by the 8 G-shaped antennas.

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