Intelligent lightning protection switching device and method for adaptive identification of lightning parameters

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection, and discloses a lightning parameter adaptive identification intelligent lightning protection switching device comprising a lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit used for collecting original electric signals of lightning impulse in real time, the original electric signals at least comprising lightning current amplitude, gradient, waveform characteristics and electromagnetic pulse intensity; according to the invention, through double-unit cooperation and an intelligent algorithm, the lightning type and the threat level are accurately identified, and a double-protection mode of hundred microsecond high-speed switching is matched, so that the pain points of easy shielding failure, difficult grounding and weak electromagnetic pulse protection of traditional lightning protection are solved; by means of linkage of a dynamic threshold value model and environment parameters, a protection strategy is optimized in a self-adaptive mode, the whole-course recording and remote reporting functions are combined, the lightning stroke risk and economic loss are greatly reduced, the protection effect and operation loss are considered, and practicability and economical efficiency are outstanding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection technology, specifically to an intelligent lightning protection switching device and method with adaptive identification of lightning parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning, as a highly destructive natural disaster, is often accompanied by physical effects such as strong currents and electromagnetic pulses, posing a serious threat to critical infrastructure such as power and communications. In my country, lightning strikes account for approximately 50% of all power transmission and distribution line trips annually, resulting in enormous direct economic losses. Traditional lightning protection methods are mostly passive, relying on devices such as lightning arresters and surge arresters to guide lightning to the ground or to strengthen insulation. These methods have drawbacks such as limited protection range, susceptibility to backflashover and backflashover, and inability to effectively protect against electromagnetic pulses to intelligent devices. Furthermore, they are less effective in scenarios such as mountainous areas where grounding construction is difficult.

[0003] While existing intelligent lightning protection products are developing towards integration, they lack the ability to accurately and adaptively identify lightning parameters. The parameters are fixed, making it difficult to dynamically adjust the protection strategy according to the lightning strike intensity, waveform, etc., resulting in insufficient protection accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, we propose an intelligent lightning protection switching device and method with adaptive identification of lightning parameters to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent lightning protection switching device and method with adaptive lightning parameter identification. It solves the problems of traditional lightning protection methods being passive, having limited protection range, being prone to backflashover, being ineffective in scenarios with difficult grounding, and being difficult to prevent electromagnetic pulses, as well as existing intelligent lightning protection products lacking accurate adaptive identification capabilities, having fixed parameters, and having insufficient protection accuracy and efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification, comprising:

[0006] A real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit is used to collect raw electrical signals of lightning impacts in real time. The raw electrical signals include at least the lightning current amplitude, steepness, waveform characteristics, and electromagnetic pulse intensity.

[0007] The signal conditioning and digitization unit is electrically connected to the lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit and is used to filter, amplify and convert the original electrical signal into an analog-to-digital signal to output a digital signal.

[0008] An adaptive identification and decision-making unit is communicatively connected to the signal conditioning and digitization unit. The adaptive identification and decision-making unit includes an embedded processor and a memory connected to the embedded processor. The memory stores a lightning feature library and an adaptive algorithm program. The adaptive identification and decision-making unit is used to perform real-time analysis on the digital signal, extract lightning feature parameters including at least lightning current amplitude, steepness, waveform characteristics and electromagnetic pulse intensity, and match them with the lightning feature library. Based on the matching results and a preset protection strategy model, it dynamically generates a protection switching command adapted to the current lightning threat level.

[0009] A dynamic protection switching unit, electrically connected to the adaptive identification and decision unit, is used to receive the protection switching command and switch between at least two protection modes according to the protection switching command; the at least two protection modes include a low-loss leakage mode and a deep clamping protection mode.

[0010] The status feedback and communication unit is connected to the adaptive identification and decision-making unit and is used to report the operating status of the device, lightning event records, and protection action logs.

[0011] Preferably, the real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit includes:

[0012] Rogowski coil sensor, used for non-contact sensing of lightning impulse current signals;

[0013] High-frequency electric field sensors are used to monitor electromagnetic field signals caused by lightning.

[0014] The signal conditioning and digitization unit and the adaptive recognition and decision-making unit are configured to extract lightning characteristic parameters from the lightning current signal and the lightning electromagnetic field signal.

[0015] Preferably, the adaptive algorithm program in the adaptive identification and decision-making unit is configured to execute a real-time waveform analysis algorithm based on a sliding time window and a neural network classification algorithm to classify and identify lightning events.

[0016] Preferably, the protection strategy model is a dynamic threshold model, and its protection action threshold is learned and dynamically corrected online through the adaptive algorithm program based on historical lightning event data, the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment, and environmental factors.

[0017] Preferably, the dynamic protection switching unit includes:

[0018] The first protection branch includes a bleed switch composed of a silicon controlled rectifier or an insulated gate bipolar transistor;

[0019] The second protection branch includes multi-stage series-connected voltage-limiting surge protection components;

[0020] The switching switch, controlled by the adaptive identification and decision unit, is used to selectively connect the first protection branch, the second protection branch, or a combination of both according to the protection switching command.

[0021] Preferably, the switching switch is a high-speed magnetic latching relay or a solid-state relay, and its switching action time is less than 100 microseconds.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes an environmental parameter sensing interface for receiving signals from a temperature and humidity sensor and an atmospheric electric field strength sensor; when generating the protection switching command, the adaptive identification and decision-making unit makes a joint judgment by combining lightning parameters and environmental parameters.

[0023] Preferably, the signal conditioning and digitization unit includes an analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of not less than 20 megasamples per second.

[0024] This invention provides an intelligent lightning protection switching method with adaptive lightning parameter identification, applied to the aforementioned intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. The lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit continuously monitors the electrical signals on the protected line;

[0026] S2. The monitored electrical signal is conditioned and converted from analog to digital by the signal conditioning and digitization unit to obtain digital waveform data;

[0027] S3. Through the adaptive identification and decision-making unit, the digital waveform data is analyzed in real time, key feature parameters are extracted, and the adaptive algorithm program is used to match and identify with the lightning feature database to determine the type and threat level of the current lightning event.

[0028] S4. Based on the identified lightning event type and threat level, query the dynamic protection strategy model and generate corresponding protection mode switching instructions;

[0029] S5. Through the dynamic protection switching unit, execute the protection mode switching command to switch the protection status to a mode that matches the current threat level;

[0030] S6. Record and report the identification results, protective actions, and device status of this lightning event through the status feedback and communication unit.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, determining the type and threat level of the current lightning event specifically includes: comparing the extracted waveform rise time, half-peak time, amplitude, and spectral features with the standard waveform data in the lightning feature library for similarity, and combining the amplitude to comprehensively determine the event type as direct lightning strike, induced lightning, or electromagnetic pulse interference, and assigning a corresponding threat level.

[0032] Beneficial effects

[0033] This invention provides an intelligent lightning protection switching device and method with adaptive identification of lightning parameters. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0034] This intelligent lightning protection switching device and method with adaptive lightning parameter identification accurately captures key parameters such as lightning current amplitude and steepness through the collaboration of a real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit and an adaptive identification decision unit. Combined with neural network classification algorithms and lightning feature database matching, it can quickly distinguish between direct lightning strikes, induced lightning strikes, and electromagnetic pulse interference, dynamically determine the threat level, and the dynamic protection switching unit, with its high-speed switching capability of less than 100 microseconds, flexibly switches between low-loss discharge and deep clamping modes, or a combination of both. This not only solves the problems of traditional lightning protection failure in scenarios where lightning strikes are prone to backflashover, backflashover, and grounding difficulties, but also specifically resists the harm of electromagnetic pulses to intelligent equipment, greatly improving the reliability of protection.

[0035] It possesses enhanced adaptability and protective flexibility. The protection strategy model dynamically adjusts thresholds based on historical data, equipment tolerance characteristics, and environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric electric field, avoiding insufficient protection accuracy caused by fixed parameters. Simultaneously, the status feedback and communication unit enables full event recording and remote reporting, facilitating operation and maintenance management and strategy optimization. In applications in critical infrastructure sectors such as power and communications, it can effectively reduce lightning tripping rates and equipment damage risks, minimizing economic losses, and balancing protection effectiveness with operational costs, demonstrating significant practicality and cost-effectiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an intelligent lightning protection switching method with adaptive identification of lightning parameters. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown:

[0040] An intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification includes:

[0041] The real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit is used to capture the raw electrical signals generated by lightning strikes in the protected line and its surrounding environment in real time, providing a data foundation for subsequent parameter analysis and identification. The real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit adopts a multi-sensor fusion design, specifically including:

[0042] Rogowski coil sensors employ a non-contact sensing design, avoiding direct electrical connection with the protected circuit. They can accurately sense lightning current signals generated by lightning strikes without affecting the normal operation of the circuit. Rogowski coil sensors feature wide bandwidth, fast response speed, and large measurement range, effectively capturing instantaneous changes in lightning current and providing reliable data support for extracting key parameters such as lightning current amplitude and steepness.

[0043] High-frequency electric field sensors are used to monitor electromagnetic field signals caused by lightning in real time. When lightning occurs, it generates a strong electromagnetic field in the surrounding space. High-frequency electric field sensors can quickly respond to changes in the electromagnetic field and collect signals such as electromagnetic pulse intensity and electromagnetic field waveform. This makes up for the deficiency of a single current sensor in capturing electromagnetic pulse interference and enables comprehensive acquisition of lightning-related electrical signals.

[0044] The original electrical signal includes at least the lightning current amplitude, lightning current steepness, lightning current waveform characteristics, and electromagnetic pulse intensity. These parameters can comprehensively reflect the intensity, type, and potential threat of lightning events.

[0045] The signal conditioning and digitization unit is electrically connected to the real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit. It is used to preprocess and digitize the raw electrical signal, ensuring its accuracy and availability. Its core functions include:

[0046] Signal filtering: The original electrical signal may contain clutter signals such as power grid harmonics and environmental electromagnetic interference. Through built-in high-performance filtering circuits (such as low-pass filters and band-pass filters), clutter interference can be effectively filtered out, retaining the effective signals related to lightning events and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.

[0047] Signal amplification is crucial because the amplitude of the raw electrical signal acquired by the real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit may be too small, hindering subsequent analysis and processing. The signal conditioning module amplifies the effective signal using a high-precision operational amplifier, ensuring the signal amplitude is within the optimal input range of the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion unit and preventing signal distortion.

[0048] Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is performed using a high-speed ADC with a sampling rate of at least 20 megasamples per second to convert the filtered and amplified analog electrical signal into a digital signal. The high sampling rate ensures accurate capture of the instantaneous changes and waveform details of the lightning current, providing high-quality digital waveform data for subsequent extraction of key characteristic parameters such as lightning current steepness, waveform rise time, and half-peak time.

[0049] The adaptive identification and decision-making unit is the "brain" of the device. It communicates with the signal conditioning and digitization unit and is responsible for real-time analysis of digital signals, lightning type identification, threat level determination, and generating corresponding protection switching commands. This unit mainly consists of an embedded processor and memory.

[0050] The memory stores a lightning feature library and an adaptive algorithm program. The lightning feature library contains a large amount of standard lightning waveform data that has been experimentally verified and collected from real-world scenarios. It covers typical parameters of different types of lightning events, such as direct lightning strikes, induced lightning, and electromagnetic pulse interference, including standard lightning current amplitude range, waveform rise time, half-peak time, and spectral characteristics. This provides a comparison benchmark for lightning type identification. The adaptive algorithm program is the core of parameter analysis and intelligent decision-making, and includes a real-time waveform analysis algorithm based on a sliding time window and a neural network classification algorithm.

[0051] The embedded processor, as the computing core, executes adaptive algorithm programs and performs the following key tasks:

[0052] The system analyzes digital waveform data in real time to extract key feature parameters, including lightning current amplitude, lightning current steepness, waveform rise time, half-peak time, waveform characteristics, and electromagnetic pulse intensity. It then compares the extracted key feature parameters with standard waveform data in a lightning feature database, and uses a neural network classification algorithm to classify and identify lightning events, accurately determining the type of the current lightning event, such as direct lightning strike, induced lightning, or electromagnetic pulse interference. Based on the determined lightning type and the extracted parameters such as lightning current amplitude and electromagnetic pulse intensity, it comprehensively assesses the threat level of the lightning event, such as low threat, medium threat, or high threat. Finally, it dynamically generates protection switching instructions adapted to the current lightning threat level, based on a pre-set protection strategy model.

[0053] The protection strategy model employs a dynamic threshold model, where the protection action threshold is not a fixed value. Instead, it is dynamically adjusted online through an adaptive algorithm based on historical lightning event data, the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment, and environmental factors. For example, if the historical data for a certain area shows a high frequency and intensity of direct lightning strikes, the model will automatically adjust the protection action threshold for direct lightning strikes, activating a high-intensity protection mode in advance. If the protected equipment is a precision electronic device with a low voltage tolerance, the model will lower the protection action threshold to ensure the equipment is protected from low-intensity lightning interference.

[0054] The dynamic protection switching unit is electrically connected to the adaptive identification and decision-making unit. It receives protection switching commands and quickly switches between different protection modes according to the commands to achieve targeted protection. This unit adopts a multi-branch design, specifically including:

[0055] The first protection branch, corresponding to the low-loss discharge mode, includes a discharge switch composed of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). SCRs and IGBTs are characterized by fast turn-on speed, high current carrying capacity, and low loss. When the lightning threat level is low, such as low-intensity induced lightning, the first protection branch is activated, and the discharge switch quickly discharges excess charge generated by the lightning to the ground, while minimizing the impact on the normal operation of the protected line, thus achieving low-loss protection.

[0056] The second protection branch, corresponding to the deep clamping protection mode, includes multi-stage series-connected voltage-limiting surge protection components, such as metal oxide varistors (MOVs) and gas discharge tubes (GDTs). The multi-stage series design significantly enhances voltage limiting capability. When the lightning threat level is high, such as a high-intensity direct lightning strike, the second protection branch activates, clamping the line voltage within the safe tolerance range of the protected equipment through the voltage-limiting surge protection components, preventing high voltage from causing breakdown damage and achieving deep protection.

[0057] The switching switch, controlled by an adaptive identification and decision-making unit, is used to selectively connect the first protection branch, the second protection branch, or a combination of both according to the protection switching command. The switching switch uses a high-speed magnetic latching relay or a solid-state relay, with a switching action time of less than 100 microseconds, which can meet the stringent requirements of lightning protection for response speed, ensuring that the protection mode switching is completed instantaneously when a lightning event occurs, and avoiding protection failure due to switching delay;

[0058] For example, when a low-threat induced lightning strike is detected, the switch only activates the first protection branch, and the charge is quickly discharged through the bleed switch to achieve low-loss protection; when a medium-threat lightning strike is detected, the first and second protection branches can be activated simultaneously, taking into account both bleed and voltage limiting functions; when a high-threat direct lightning strike is detected, the switch prioritizes activating the second protection branch and assists in activating the first protection branch, achieving high-strength protection through the synergistic effect of deep clamping and rapid bleed.

[0059] The status feedback and communication unit communicates with the adaptive identification and decision-making unit, and is mainly responsible for monitoring the device's operating status, recording lightning event data, and reporting information. Its specific functions include:

[0060] Operational status monitoring: Real-time monitoring of the working status of each unit of the device, including whether the power supply is normal, whether the sensors are faulty, and whether the switching switches are in place, to ensure the reliability of the device itself.

[0061] The event log records detailed data for each lightning event, including lightning type, threat level, lightning current amplitude, steepness, electromagnetic pulse intensity, protection mode switching status, and protection action time, forming a complete lightning event log to provide a basis for subsequent data analysis and protection strategy optimization.

[0062] Information reporting involves uploading the device's operating status, lightning event records, and protection action logs to the monitoring center or host computer system via wired or wireless communication. Staff can then monitor the device's operation and lightning event dynamics in real time through the monitoring center, enabling remote monitoring and management.

[0063] The device also features an environmental parameter sensing interface for receiving signals from temperature and humidity sensors and atmospheric electric field strength sensors. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric electric field strength affect the probability and intensity of lightning strikes, as well as the device's own performance and the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment. When generating protection switching commands, the adaptive identification and decision-making unit comprehensively considers lightning parameters and environmental parameters to further improve the accuracy of protection decisions. For example, when the atmospheric electric field strength continuously increases, it indicates a higher probability of lightning strikes, and the device can enter an early warning state, adjusting the protection threshold to ensure a rapid response when lightning occurs. When the ambient temperature or humidity is too high, the insulation performance of the protected equipment may decrease, and the device can appropriately lower the protection action threshold to enhance protection.

[0064] Example

[0065] Lightning protection for 110kV transmission and distribution lines protects the 110kV transmission and distribution lines and the monitoring and control equipment along the lines. The lines pass through mountainous areas, making grounding construction difficult. Traditional lightning protection devices are prone to backflash and backflash and cannot effectively protect against electromagnetic pulse interference to the monitoring and control equipment.

[0066] The Rogowski coil sensor of the lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit is installed on the outside of the phase line of the 110kV transmission and distribution line (non-contact installation). The high-frequency electric field sensor is installed on the top of the line tower to ensure that lightning current signal and electromagnetic field signal can be captured quickly. The signal conditioning and digitization unit, adaptive identification and decision unit, and dynamic protection switching unit are installed in the lightning protection box at the bottom of the tower. The output of the dynamic protection switching unit is connected to the grounding device of the line. The environmental parameter sensing interface is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor and the atmospheric electric field strength sensor. The sensors are installed in the middle of the tower to avoid direct exposure to the harsh environment. The status feedback and communication unit establishes a communication connection with the remote monitoring center through the 4G module to realize data reporting and remote monitoring.

[0067] Initialize the lightning feature library, import the standard lightning waveform data related to 110kV transmission and distribution lines, including typical parameters of direct lightning (amplitude 5kA-200kA), induced lightning (amplitude 0.1kA-10kA), and electromagnetic pulse interference (amplitude <0.5kA), and initialize the initial threshold of the dynamic protection strategy model based on the withstand characteristics of the protected line and the historical lightning data of the area;

[0068] The real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit uses Rogowski coil sensors and high-frequency electric field sensors to continuously monitor the lightning current signal and surrounding electromagnetic field signals of the line 24 hours a day. When lightning activity occurs in a certain area, the high-frequency electric field sensor first captures the change in the electromagnetic field signal, and the Rogowski coil sensor subsequently senses the lightning current signal. The signal conditioning and digitization unit filters and amplifies the collected raw signal, and then converts the analog signal into digital waveform data through a 20MSps high-speed analog-to-digital converter, which is then transmitted to the adaptive identification and decision unit. The adaptive identification and decision unit extracts key parameters of the digital waveform data using a sliding time window algorithm: lightning current amplitude 30kA, lightning current steepness 5kA / μs, waveform rise time 3μs, half-peak time 20μs, and electromagnetic pulse intensity 10kV / m. These parameters are compared with standard data in the lightning feature database, and the similarity reaches 92%. Combined with a neural network classification algorithm, it is determined to be a high-threat direct lightning strike.

[0069] The adaptive identification and decision-making unit queries the dynamic protection strategy model, combines environmental parameters, and generates a protection switching command that prioritizes activating the second protection branch and assists in activating the first protection branch. Upon receiving the command, the switching switch of the dynamic protection switching unit completes its action within 60 microseconds, activating the three-stage series MOV of the second protection branch and the IGBT bleeder switch of the first protection branch. The second protection branch clamps the line voltage below 120kV, and the first protection branch quickly discharges excess lightning current to the grounding device. The status feedback and communication unit records the type of lightning event, key parameters, protection actions, and device operating status, and reports this to the monitoring center via a 4G module. Staff review the event details at the monitoring center and confirm the protection is effective. In this direct lightning strike event, the device successfully identified the lightning type and threat level, quickly switched to the corresponding protection mode, the protected line did not trip, the monitoring and control equipment operated normally, and the lightning protection effect was significant.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown:

[0071] This invention provides an intelligent lightning protection switching method with adaptive identification of lightning parameters, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1. Through the Rogowski coil sensor and high-frequency electric field sensor in the real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit, the lightning current signal on the protected line and the electromagnetic field signal of the surrounding environment are continuously monitored. This comprehensively collects raw electrical signals related to lightning events, ensuring that no potential lightning threats are overlooked. The monitoring process is conducted 24 hours a day without interruption, with the sensors always on standby to ensure a rapid response to lightning events.

[0073] S2, the signal conditioning and digitization unit receives the raw electrical signal collected by the lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit. First, it filters out noise interference through a filter circuit, then amplifies the effective signal through an operational amplifier, and finally converts the analog signal into digital waveform data through a high-speed analog-to-digital converter and transmits the digital waveform data to the adaptive recognition and decision unit.

[0074] S3. After receiving the digital waveform data, the adaptive recognition and decision-making unit executes the adaptive algorithm program through the embedded processor to complete the following operations:

[0075] The real-time waveform analysis algorithm based on sliding time window performs segmented analysis on digital waveform data and extracts key feature parameters, including lightning current amplitude, lightning current steepness, waveform rise time, half-peak time, waveform characteristics, and electromagnetic pulse intensity.

[0076] The extracted key feature parameters are compared with the standard waveform data in the lightning feature library in the memory. Combined with the neural network classification algorithm, the lightning event type is accurately identified to determine whether the current event is a direct lightning strike, induced lightning, or electromagnetic pulse interference.

[0077] Based on the identified lightning type and extracted parameters such as lightning current amplitude and electromagnetic pulse intensity, and taking into account the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment, a corresponding threat level (low threat, medium threat, high threat) is assigned.

[0078] S4. The adaptive identification and decision-making unit, based on the determined lightning event type and threat level, queries the preset dynamic protection strategy model and generates corresponding protection mode switching instructions. The protection strategy model has been dynamically corrected based on historical lightning event data, the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment, and environmental parameters to ensure the targeting and effectiveness of the switching instructions;

[0079] S5. After receiving the protection switching command, the dynamic protection switching unit uses a switching switch (high-speed magnetic latching relay or solid-state relay) to complete the connection / disconnection operation of the corresponding protection branch within less than 100 microseconds, switching the protection status to a mode that matches the current threat level, thus achieving precise protection for the protected equipment. During the switching process, the action status of the switching switch is monitored in real time by the adaptive identification and decision-making unit to ensure that the branch is switched in place. If the switching fails (e.g., the switch is not properly turned on), the adaptive identification and decision-making unit will immediately generate a fault alarm signal and report it to the monitoring center through the status feedback and communication unit. At the same time, it will attempt to activate the backup protection branch to maximize the protection effect.

[0080] S6, the status feedback and communication unit, records the identification results, protective actions, and device operating status of the lightning event in real time, forming a complete event log. This information is then reported to the monitoring center or host computer system via the communication interface. Staff can view event details through the monitoring center, promptly understand the lightning protection effect and device status, and perform manual intervention and maintenance when necessary.

[0081] This solution, through the collaboration of a real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit and an adaptive identification and decision-making unit, accurately captures key parameters such as lightning current amplitude and steepness. Combined with a neural network classification algorithm and lightning feature database matching, it can quickly distinguish between direct lightning strikes, induced lightning strikes, and electromagnetic pulse interference, dynamically determine the threat level, and the dynamic protection switching unit, with its high-speed switching capability of less than 100 microseconds, flexibly switches between low-loss discharge and deep clamping modes, or a combination of both. This not only solves the problems of traditional lightning protection being prone to backflashover, backflashover, and grounding difficulties, but also specifically resists the harm of electromagnetic pulses to intelligent devices, greatly improving the reliability of protection.

[0082] It possesses enhanced adaptability and protective flexibility. The protection strategy model dynamically adjusts thresholds based on historical data, equipment tolerance characteristics, and environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric electric field, avoiding insufficient protection accuracy caused by fixed parameters. Simultaneously, the status feedback and communication unit enables full event recording and remote reporting, facilitating operation and maintenance management and strategy optimization. In applications in critical infrastructure sectors such as power and communications, it can effectively reduce lightning tripping rates and equipment damage risks, minimizing economic losses, and balancing protection effectiveness with operational costs, demonstrating significant practicality and cost-effectiveness.

[0083] It should be noted that: all contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive identification of lightning parameters, characterized in that, include: A real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit is used to collect raw electrical signals of lightning impacts in real time. The raw electrical signals include at least the lightning current amplitude, steepness, waveform characteristics, and electromagnetic pulse intensity. The signal conditioning and digitization unit is electrically connected to the lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit and is used to filter, amplify and convert the original electrical signal into an analog-to-digital signal to output a digital signal. An adaptive identification and decision-making unit is communicatively connected to the signal conditioning and digitization unit. The adaptive identification and decision-making unit includes an embedded processor and a memory connected to the embedded processor. The memory stores a lightning feature library and an adaptive algorithm program. The adaptive identification and decision-making unit is used to perform real-time analysis on the digital signal, extract lightning feature parameters including at least lightning current amplitude, steepness, waveform characteristics and electromagnetic pulse intensity, and match them with the lightning feature library. Based on the matching results and a preset protection strategy model, it dynamically generates a protection switching command adapted to the current lightning threat level. A dynamic protection switching unit, electrically connected to the adaptive identification and decision unit, is used to receive the protection switching command and switch between at least two protection modes according to the protection switching command; the at least two protection modes include a low-loss leakage mode and a deep clamping protection mode. The status feedback and communication unit is connected to the adaptive identification and decision-making unit and is used to report the operating status of the device, lightning event records, and protection action logs.

2. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time lightning parameter monitoring unit includes: Rogowski coil sensor, used for non-contact sensing of lightning impulse current signals; High-frequency electric field sensors are used to monitor electromagnetic field signals caused by lightning. The signal conditioning and digitization unit and the adaptive recognition and decision-making unit are configured to extract lightning characteristic parameters from the lightning current signal and the lightning electromagnetic field signal.

3. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive algorithm program in the adaptive identification and decision-making unit is configured to execute a real-time waveform analysis algorithm based on a sliding time window and a neural network classification algorithm to classify and identify lightning events.

4. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection strategy model is a dynamic threshold model. Its protection action threshold is learned and dynamically corrected online through the adaptive algorithm program based on historical lightning event data, the tolerance characteristics of the protected equipment, and environmental factors.

5. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic protection switching unit includes: The first protection branch includes a bleed switch composed of a silicon controlled rectifier or an insulated gate bipolar transistor; The second protection branch includes multi-stage series-connected voltage-limiting surge protection components; The switching switch, controlled by the adaptive identification and decision unit, is used to selectively connect the first protection branch, the second protection branch, or a combination of both according to the protection switching command.

6. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 5, characterized in that: The switching switch is a high-speed magnetic latching relay or a solid-state relay, and its switching action time is less than 100 microseconds.

7. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an environmental parameter sensing interface for receiving signals from temperature and humidity sensors and atmospheric electric field intensity sensors; when generating the protection switching command, the adaptive identification and decision-making unit makes a joint judgment by combining lightning parameters and environmental parameters.

8. The intelligent lightning protection switching device with adaptive lightning parameter identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning and digitization unit includes an analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of not less than 20 megasamples per second.

9. A method for intelligent lightning protection switching based on adaptive identification of lightning parameters, applied to the intelligent lightning protection switching device for adaptive identification of lightning parameters as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. The lightning parameter real-time monitoring unit continuously monitors the electrical signals on the protected line; S2. The monitored electrical signal is conditioned and converted from analog to digital by the signal conditioning and digitization unit to obtain digital waveform data; S3. Through the adaptive identification and decision-making unit, the digital waveform data is analyzed in real time, key feature parameters are extracted, and the adaptive algorithm program is used to match and identify with the lightning feature database to determine the type and threat level of the current lightning event. S4. Based on the identified lightning event type and threat level, query the dynamic protection strategy model and generate corresponding protection mode switching instructions; S5. Through the dynamic protection switching unit, execute the protection mode switching command to switch the protection status to a mode that matches the current threat level; S6. Record and report the identification results, protective actions, and device status of this lightning event through the status feedback and communication unit.

10. The intelligent lightning protection switching method for adaptive identification of lightning parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S3, determining the type and threat level of the current lightning event specifically includes: comparing the extracted waveform rise time, half-peak time, amplitude, and spectral features with the standard waveform data in the lightning feature library for similarity, and combining the amplitude to comprehensively determine the event type as direct lightning strike, induced lightning, or electromagnetic pulse interference, and assigning the corresponding threat level.

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