3D printing dismantling-free formwork silo structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the field of silo construction, and particularly relates to a 3D printing disassembly-free formwork silo structure and a construction method thereof, and the 3D printing disassembly-free formwork silo structure comprises disassembly-free formworks manufactured by adopting a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process, a reinforcement cage and concrete; the non-dismantling formwork is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, a pouring interlayer used for containing a plurality of reinforcement cages is formed between the two layers of non-dismantling formwork, and formwork reinforcing ribs are arranged on the non-dismantling formwork in an integrated printing mode; and concrete is poured in the pouring interlayer, and the concrete is combined with the multiple reinforcement cages to form the whole silo wall body. The 3D printing technology is introduced into the field of silo structure construction, silo concrete continuous pouring is achieved, the perpendicularity of the formwork is effectively controlled, the concrete forming quality is guaranteed, the silo construction quality and efficiency are improved, and the silo industrial construction level is promoted to be improved; the technical problems that in the existing silo slip-form construction process, the concrete surface is uneven, quality defects are prone to being generated at formwork abutted seams, and the concrete forming quality is difficult to accurately control are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of silo construction, and in particular relates to a 3D-printed silo structure that does not require dismantling of templates and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for resource storage in my country and the continuous innovation and application of new technologies and equipment, silo structures have been widely used in the construction of modern resource storage facilities due to their significant advantages such as high space utilization, excellent stress performance, high degree of mechanization of material loading and unloading, and stable storage effect.

[0003] Currently, slipform construction technology is the mainstream technique for silo wall construction. Slipform construction is a construction process that uses a continuous upward sliding formwork system to achieve the in-situ casting of concrete. It features high construction efficiency, strong process continuity, and fast formwork turnover, and is especially suitable for the construction of tall structures such as silos and bridge piers.

[0004] However, when using slipform construction, the formwork remains in close contact with the surface of the concrete slab and slides upwards synchronously with the concrete pouring. Therefore, the verticality of the formwork, the lifting speed, and the concrete setting time all directly affect the quality of the concrete forming.

[0005] For example, uneven formwork slippage can easily lead to uneven concrete surfaces and deviations in structural verticality. In severe cases, it can also obstruct the lifting of the operating platform, endangering the overall safety of the structure. Too many formwork joints can easily cause concrete leakage, or even cause leakage in the silo walls. Improper control of formwork lifting speed may cause quality defects such as cracking, pitting, and scum on the concrete surface.

[0006] In the field of building construction, 3D printing technology has received increasing attention from scholars and engineers at home and abroad due to its precise and controllable printing path. Using 3D printed templates can effectively ensure the flatness of walls and the dimensional accuracy of components. Its dense and seamless templates can also form a good bond with cast-in-place concrete, which not only ensures the quality of concrete molding, but also significantly improves the impermeability and frost resistance of the structure.

[0007] However, existing 3D printing template technology mostly adopts a construction mode of prefabricating segmented templates in the factory and assembling them on site, and has not yet been applied and practiced in the in-situ construction of silo structures.

[0008] To solve the above problems, it is necessary to study a 3D printing construction method that can achieve continuous pouring of silo concrete, effectively control the verticality of the formwork, and ensure the quality of concrete molding.

[0009] This invention fully leverages the advantages of silo structures, such as regular shapes and high standardization, and introduces 3D printing technology into the field of silo structure construction, providing a new research direction and technical approach for improving the level of industrialized silo construction. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a 3D-printed, formwork-free silo structure, which aims to solve the quality problems caused by uneven formwork slippage in concrete pouring, such as uneven concrete surface, quality defects at formwork joints, and difficulty in accurately controlling concrete forming quality.

[0011] This invention provides a 3D-printed, formwork-free silo structure, comprising a formwork-free structure, a reinforcing cage, and concrete manufactured using a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process;

[0012] The removable formwork is configured with inner and outer layers, and a pouring interlayer for placing multiple steel cages is formed between the two layers of removable formwork. The removable formwork has an integrally printed formwork reinforcing rib on the side facing the pouring interlayer.

[0013] Multiple steel reinforcement cages are suspended within the cast-in-place mezzanine, and the multiple steel reinforcement cages are tied together with each other;

[0014] Concrete is poured into the interlayer using on-site pumping, and the concrete is combined with multiple steel cages to form an integral silo wall.

[0015] Preferably, the width of both the non-removable template and the template reinforcing rib is 'a', and the length of each template reinforcing rib along the extension direction of the non-removable template is 'b'.

[0016] In the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs on the inner wall of one of the removable templates are arranged at equal intervals with the interval being e, and the same number of template reinforcing ribs are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the other removable template.

[0017] Within the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs on the inner walls of the two removable templates are arranged in an alternating pattern, with the distance between any two adjacent template reinforcing ribs being e / 2.

[0018] Preferably, additional tie bars are provided on the template reinforcing ribs. The additional tie bars are in the shape of an "I" and have a length of c and a width of d at the end.

[0019] One end of the additional tie bar rests on the formwork reinforcing rib, and the resting length of this end is f;

[0020] The other end of the additional tie bar rests on the non-removable formwork opposite the formwork reinforcing rib, and the resting length of this end is g;

[0021] On the same template reinforcing rib, multiple additional tie bars are arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction with a spacing of e / 2.

[0022] Preferably, the width of the template reinforcing rib is a=3cm and the length of the template reinforcing rib is b=6cm;

[0023] The length of the additional tie bars is: c = silo wall thickness + 3cm;

[0024] The width of the end of the additional tie bar is d=10cm;

[0025] The resting lengths at both ends of the additional tie bars are f=4cm and g=2cm, respectively.

[0026] And, e = 2m.

[0027] Preferably, its construction system includes,

[0028] Support system, used to mount 3D printing equipment and power system;

[0029] The 3D printing equipment is used to print two non-removable templates and the corresponding template reinforcing ribs.

[0030] The power system includes a lifting system for driving the 3D printing equipment to move vertically, and a rotation system for driving the 3D printing equipment to move along a predetermined circular track.

[0031] in,

[0032] The support system includes a support rod fixed at a preset position, a hydraulic jack installed on the top of the support rod, and a construction work platform, wherein the construction work platform is equipped with protective railings and a hanger.

[0033] The 3D printing equipment includes two printing arms, each of which is equipped with a printing nozzle.

[0034] The lifting system includes a lifting frame supported on top of a hydraulic jack;

[0035] The rotation system includes a slide rail fixed to the bottom of the 3D printing equipment.

[0036] This invention provides a construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1: Construction preparations completed;

[0038] S2: Installation and Construction System

[0039] S3: Install the reinforcing cage at the designated location and mark the installation location of the additional tie bars;

[0040] S4: Perform 3D printing construction actions;

[0041] S41: Complete a 3D printing construction of a pre-set height, non-removable template;

[0042] S42: During the printing process, the corresponding additional tie bars are installed at the predetermined positions;

[0043] S5: Concrete pouring;

[0044] S6: System Climb:

[0045] S7: Process cycle, repeating S3-S6;

[0046] S8: Construction ends.

[0047] Preferably, in S1, construction preparation includes:

[0048] Construction of embedded steel bars in the silo wall includes the concrete pouring of the silo foundation slab and the construction of embedded longitudinal steel bars;

[0049] Template positioning and interface processing, including the positioning of the construction location for the formwork that does not need to be removed;

[0050] Construction cleaning includes roughening the interface between the formwork and the foundation slab, and cleaning the interface after roughening.

[0051] Preferably, in S2, the installation construction system includes:

[0052] S21: Install the lifting frame, hydraulic jack, and support rod at the preset position;

[0053] S22: Conduct a comprehensive test of the synchronous lifting performance of the hydraulic jacks;

[0054] S23: Construct a working platform, install protective railings on the outside of the working platform, and suspend a hanging frame under the working platform;

[0055] S24: Two parallel slide rails are installed on the lifting frame, and the slide rails are arranged circumferentially along the cylinder wall; 3D printing equipment is installed at the bottom of the slide rails.

[0056] Preferably, in S41:

[0057] The system controls the 3D printing equipment to print two non-removable templates and corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs layer by layer, according to the preset circular printing path, thickness and template reinforcing rib arrangement requirements, through two printing arms and two printing nozzles.

[0058] The preset printing height for each template without disassembly is 60cm.

[0059] In S42:

[0060] At the designated location, additional tie bars are manually installed, passing through the corresponding steel cage and being tied and fixed to the corresponding steel cage.

[0061] When the printing nozzle rotates to the end of the additional tie bar again, the printing material covers the resting end of the additional tie bar so that the resting end of the additional tie bar is connected and fixed to the template that does not need to be removed.

[0062] Preferably, in S5, concrete is poured into the interlayer and filled, and during the pouring process, the concrete is poured evenly in layers with a pouring thickness of 20cm per layer.

[0063] In the S6, after the concrete reaches the preset strength, the lifting frame, 3D printing equipment and construction platform are lifted upwards simultaneously by hydraulic jacks.

[0064] In S7, S3-S6 are repeated multiple times to complete the printing of the preset height non-removable template and the printing of the corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs, thereby completing the construction of the entire silo structure.

[0065] Compared with existing technologies, this solution has the following advantages:

[0066] In this invention, the non-removable template is manufactured using a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process with a 3D printing device. The 3D printing device is a high-precision dual-arm printing device used to print two non-removable templates simultaneously, which are then symmetrically arranged on both sides of the silo structure as forming templates for the silo wall pouring. At the same time, the non-removable template serves as a permanent protective layer for the silo wall, eliminating the need for subsequent removal and simplifying the construction process. This invention enables continuous pouring of silo concrete, effectively controls the verticality of the template, and ensures the quality of concrete forming. It solves the technical problems existing in the current silo slipform construction process, such as uneven concrete surface, quality defects at template joints, and difficulty in accurately controlling the quality of concrete forming.

[0067] In this invention, the formwork is fabricated on-site without dismantling. The formwork is printed layer by layer according to a preset path using 3D printing equipment, ensuring that the flatness, dimensional accuracy and arrangement of reinforcing ribs of the formwork meet the design requirements. This 3D printing construction method can not only realize continuous pouring of silo concrete, but also effectively control the verticality of the formwork and ensure the quality of concrete forming.

[0068] This invention fully leverages the advantages of silo structures, such as regular shapes and high standardization, by introducing 3D printing technology into the field of silo construction, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of silo construction and promoting the level of industrialized silo construction. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the 3D-printed template-free silo structure of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the 3D-printed template-free silo structure of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the 3D-printed template-free silo structure of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction system in the 3D-printed template-free silo structure of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship and dimensions of the template, template reinforcing ribs, and additional tie bars in the 3D printed template-free silo structure of this invention.

[0074] In the attached diagram: 1. Removable formwork; 2. Formwork reinforcing ribs; 3. Additional tie bars; 4. Concrete; 5. Reinforcing cage; 6. Support rod; 7. Lifting frame; 8. Hydraulic jack; 9. Construction work platform; 10. Guardrail; 11. Hanger; 12. Slide rail; 13. 3D printing equipment; 14. Printing arm; 15. Printing nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0076] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0077] like Figure 1-5 As shown: This invention provides a 3D printed template-free silo structure, including a template-free formwork 1, a steel cage 5, and concrete 4, which are manufactured using a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process;

[0078] The formwork 1 is set as inner and outer layers, and a pouring interlayer is formed between the two layers of formwork 1 for placing multiple steel cages 5. The formwork 1 facing the pouring interlayer has an integrally printed formwork reinforcing rib 2.

[0079] Multiple steel cages 5 are suspended inside the poured mezzanine, and the multiple steel cages 5 are tied together with each other;

[0080] Concrete 4 is poured into the interlayer by on-site pumping. Concrete 4 is combined with multiple steel cages 5 to form an integral silo wall.

[0081] In this invention, the non-removable template 1 is manufactured by a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process using a 3D printing device 13. The 3D printing device 13 is a high-precision dual-arm printing device used to print two non-removable templates 1 simultaneously, so that the non-removable templates 1 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the silo structure as forming templates for the silo wall casting. At the same time, the non-removable template 1 serves as a permanent protective layer for the silo wall, eliminating the need for subsequent removal and simplifying the construction process. It enables continuous pouring of silo concrete, effectively controls the verticality of the template, and ensures the quality of concrete forming. This solves the technical problems existing in the current silo slipform construction process, such as uneven concrete surface, quality defects at template joints, and difficulty in accurately controlling the quality of concrete forming.

[0082] In this invention, the reinforcing cage 5 is prefabricated according to the design drawings, so that it can be manufactured and processed in the factory in advance. Each prefabricated reinforcing cage 5 is hoisted into the pouring mezzanine. Multiple reinforcing cages 5 are connected and fixed on the construction site by binding, mechanical connection and other methods to ensure that the connection is firm and there is no loosening, thus ensuring the forming accuracy and stress performance of the reinforcing cage and providing reliable skeleton support for the filling concrete.

[0083] In this invention, concrete 4 is poured into the casting interlayer using on-site pumping, so as to form the main load-bearing structure of the silo wall by tightly bonding with the reinforcing cage 5, ensuring the load-bearing capacity, structural integrity, and stability of the silo structure. Specifically, concrete 4 is pumped commercial concrete, and its strength grade, workability, and other performance indicators are strictly controlled according to the design drawings and relevant construction specifications to ensure the quality of concrete pouring and avoid quality defects such as segregation, honeycombing, and pitting, while also ensuring a tight bond between the concrete and the formwork and reinforcing cage.

[0084] The width of both the non-removable template 1 and the template reinforcing rib 2 is 'a', and the length of each template reinforcing rib 2 along the extension direction of the non-removable template 1 is 'b'.

[0085] In the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs 2 on the inner wall of one of the non-removable templates 1 are arranged at equal intervals with the interval being e, and the same number of template reinforcing ribs 2 are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the other non-removable template 1.

[0086] Within the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs 2 on the inner walls of the two non-removable templates 1 are arranged in an alternating manner, and the distance between any two adjacent template reinforcing ribs 2 is e / 2.

[0087] Additional tie bars 3 are provided on the template reinforcing rib 2. The additional tie bars 3 are in the shape of "I". The length of the additional tie bars 3 is c and the width of the end of the additional tie bars 3 is d.

[0088] One end of the additional tie bar 3 rests on the formwork reinforcing rib 2, and the resting length of this end is f;

[0089] The other end of the additional tie bar 3 rests on the non-removable formwork 1 opposite the formwork reinforcing rib 2, and the resting length of this end is g;

[0090] On the same template reinforcing rib 2, multiple additional tie bars 3 are arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction with a spacing of e / 2.

[0091] The width of template reinforcing rib 2 is a=3cm, and the length of template reinforcing rib 2 is b=6cm;

[0092] The length of the additional tie bar 3 is: c = silo wall thickness + 3cm;

[0093] The width of the three additional tie bars at the ends is d=10cm;

[0094] The bearing lengths at both ends of the additional tie bar 3 are f=4cm and g=2cm, respectively.

[0095] And, e = 2m.

[0096] In one embodiment, the non-removable template 1 is manufactured using a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process, and the design thickness of the non-removable template 1 is 3cm. During the printing process, the movement trajectory of the printing nozzle 15 is controlled by a preset printing path; specifically, the printing nozzle 15 advances 2m along the cylinder wall, moves 3cm to one side of the wall perpendicular to the wall surface, and then moves out in the original direction, so that the template forms a full-height reinforcing rib in the direction perpendicular to the wall surface.

[0097] In one embodiment, the template reinforcing rib 2 protrudes 3cm and 6cm from the surface of the non-removable template 1. The template reinforcing ribs 2 on both sides of the non-removable template 1 are staggered by 1m and arranged in an alternating manner. This can enhance the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the template itself, and improve the bonding performance between the template and the filling concrete, thus avoiding problems such as debonding and hollowing.

[0098] In one embodiment, to enhance the integrity of the formwork 1 and the concrete wall, additional tie bars 3 are installed at the position of the formwork reinforcing rib 2 every 1m along the height of the silo wall. The additional tie bars 3 adopt an "I"-shaped structure, with one end resting on the formwork reinforcing rib 2 of one side of the formwork 1 for a resting length of 4cm, and the other end resting on the other side of the formwork 1 for a resting length of 2cm; the additional tie bars 3 are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the silo wall.

[0099] In one embodiment, the additional tie bar 3 is made of HRB400 grade steel bar with a diameter of 8mm. The short steel bars at both ends are 10cm long and are formed by welding to ensure a firm connection, effectively transfer the force of the wall, and improve the overall stability of the structure.

[0100] In summary, this invention fully leverages the advantages of silo structures, such as regular shapes and high standardization, by introducing 3D printing technology into the field of silo structure construction, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of silo construction and promoting the level of industrialized silo construction.

[0101] This invention provides a 3D printed template-free silo structure, the construction system of which includes a support system for installing 3D printing equipment 13 and a power system;

[0102] 3D printing equipment 13 is used to print two non-removable templates 1 and the corresponding template reinforcing ribs 2 respectively;

[0103] The power system includes a lifting system for driving the 3D printing equipment 13 to move vertically, and a rotation system for driving the 3D printing equipment 13 to move along a predetermined annular track.

[0104] in,

[0105] The support system includes a support rod 6 fixed at a preset position, a hydraulic jack 8 installed on the top of the support rod 6, and a construction work platform 9, wherein the construction work platform 9 is equipped with a protective railing 10 and a hanger 11;

[0106] The 3D printing device 13 includes two printing arms 14, each of which is equipped with a printing nozzle 15;

[0107] The lifting system includes a lifting frame 7 supported on top of the hydraulic jack 8;

[0108] The rotation system includes a slide rail 12 fixed to the bottom of the 3D printing equipment 13.

[0109] In this invention, the template 1 is fabricated on-site without disassembly and is printed layer by layer by 3D printing equipment 13 according to a preset path to ensure that the flatness, dimensional accuracy and arrangement of reinforcing ribs of the template meet the design requirements.

[0110] In this invention, a lifting system is used to synchronously lift the 3D printing equipment 13 and the construction work platform 9 as a whole. This is achieved through a dedicated self-climbing device, which ensures that the printing template, tying of steel bars and pouring of concrete can be carried out continuously upwards. It also ensures that the steel cages 5 are laid out in strict accordance with the design drawings and construction specifications, so as to ensure that each steel cage 5 is installed and fixed accurately and the connection quality is reliable, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0111] In this invention, concrete is poured using conveying equipment such as truck pumps, tower cranes with hoppers, concrete placing booms, and wheelbarrows. The concrete 4 is transported to the pouring point and buffered by a tremie pipe. Then, it is manually pushed into the pouring interlayer between two non-removable formwork 1 to ensure that the concrete is tightly bonded to the non-removable formwork 1 and the reinforcing cage 5, and that the forming quality meets the requirements.

[0112] This invention provides a construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure, comprising the following steps:

[0113] S1: Construction preparations completed;

[0114] S2: Installation and Construction System

[0115] S3: Install the reinforcing cage 5 at the predetermined location and mark the installation location of the additional tie bars 3;

[0116] S4: Perform 3D printing construction actions;

[0117] S41: Complete the 3D printing construction of a pre-set height, non-removable template 1;

[0118] S42: During the printing process, the corresponding additional tie bars 3 are installed at the predetermined positions;

[0119] S5: Concrete pouring;

[0120] S6: System Climb:

[0121] S7: Process cycle, repeating S3-S6;

[0122] S8: Construction ends.

[0123] This invention provides a 3D printing construction method that enables continuous pouring of silo concrete and effectively controls the verticality of the formwork, ensuring the quality of concrete molding.

[0124] In S1, construction preparation includes:

[0125] Construction of embedded steel bars in the silo wall includes the concrete pouring of the silo foundation slab and the construction of embedded longitudinal steel bars;

[0126] Template positioning and interface processing, including the construction location positioning of the non-removable template 1;

[0127] Construction cleaning includes roughening the interface between the non-removable formwork 1 and the foundation slab, and cleaning the interface after roughening.

[0128] In this invention, the construction of pre-embedded steel bars in the cylinder wall involves: after the concrete pouring of the silo foundation slab is completed, longitudinal steel bars are precisely pre-embedded at the design location of the cylinder wall structure in strict accordance with the design drawings. The exposed length, spacing and positioning accuracy of the pre-embedded steel bars meet the specifications, laying the foundation for subsequent precast steel cage connection and formwork construction.

[0129] Template positioning and interface treatment: The installation position of the 3D printed template is accurately positioned; the interface between the template and the foundation plate is roughened to remove the laitance, loose layer and debris on the interface surface until the solid aggregate surface is exposed.

[0130] Construction cleaning: Remove dust and debris, and moisten with water to ensure a tight bond between the 3D printed, non-removable template and the foundation slab, avoiding leakage and detachment problems during subsequent concrete pouring.

[0131] In S2, the installation and construction system includes:

[0132] S21: Install the lifting frame 7, hydraulic jack 8 and support rod 6 at the preset position;

[0133] S22: Conduct a comprehensive test of the synchronous lifting performance of hydraulic jack 8;

[0134] S23: Erect a working platform 9, install a protective railing 10 on the outside of the working platform 9, and suspend a hanging bracket 11 under the working platform 9;

[0135] S24: Two parallel slide rails 12 are installed on the lifting frame 7, and the slide rails 12 are arranged circumferentially along the cylinder wall; a 3D printing device 13 is installed at the bottom of the slide rails 12.

[0136] In this invention, the construction system is installed and debugged, including the installation and debugging of the 3D printing equipment 13 and the power system.

[0137] According to the construction design requirements, the lifting frame 7 is installed at the preset position, and the hydraulic jack 8 is fixed on the lower crossbeam of the lifting frame 7. At the same time, the hydraulic jack 8 is leveled and aligned. Finally, each support rod 6 is cleaned and wiped clean. The support rod 6 is vertically inserted into the lifting frame 7 and the hydraulic jack 8. The support rod 6 is fixed in the preset position and is embedded in the concrete as the concrete is continuously poured.

[0138] Among them, each hydraulic jack 8 is connected to the hydraulic control device through oil pipes to fully debug the synchronous lifting performance of the jacks, ensuring that the lifting speed of each jack is consistent and the force is uniform, and avoiding tilting or deviation during the lifting process.

[0139] A construction work platform 9 is erected on the cantilevered truss beam. The construction work platform 9 is laid tightly and firmly, and a protective railing 10 is installed on the outside of the platform. The height of the railing meets the safety specifications and ensures the safety of construction personnel. A hanging frame 11 is suspended under the construction work platform 9 for subsequent auxiliary operations such as rebar tying, concrete pouring and equipment maintenance.

[0140] For the installation and debugging of the 3D printing equipment, two parallel slide rails 12 are installed on the lifting frame 7. The slide rails 12 are arranged circumferentially along the cylinder wall to ensure that the slide rails 12 are installed flat and firmly, so that the printing equipment can slide smoothly and steadily along the slide rails 12. Then, a special printing equipment for 3D printing templates, namely the 3D printing equipment 13, is installed on the slide rails 12. The 3D printing equipment 13 integrates a position sensor and an angle adjustment mechanism, which can detect the printing position deviation in real time and correct it in time through the angle adjustment mechanism, effectively ensuring that the printing process strictly follows the preset path and ensuring the dimensional accuracy and molding quality of the template.

[0141] In S41: The system controls the 3D printing equipment 13 to print two non-removable templates 1 and the corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs 2 layer by layer through two printing arms 14 and two printing nozzles 15, according to the preset ring printing path, thickness and template reinforcing ribs 2 arrangement requirements.

[0142] The preset printing height of the template 1 that does not need to be disassembled is 60cm each time;

[0143] In S42: At the predetermined position, the additional tie bar 3 is manually installed, and the additional tie bar 3 passes through the corresponding steel cage 5 and is tied and fixed to the corresponding steel cage 5.

[0144] When the printing nozzle 15 rotates to the end of the additional tie bar 3 again, the printing material covers the resting end of the additional tie bar 3 so that the resting end of the additional tie bar 3 is connected and fixed to the template 1 that does not need to be removed.

[0145] In this invention, a dual-arm, dual-nozzle 3D printing template is used to precisely print the two sides of the template layer by layer according to the preset printing path, thickness and reinforcing rib arrangement requirements.

[0146] The print head 15 adopts a special structural design that enables the printing material to be uniformly extruded and stacked in a rectangular cross-section, effectively reducing gaps between layers and improving the density and integrity of the template.

[0147] The printing material is an existing early-strength high-performance concrete slurry. This slurry sets and hardens quickly, enabling it to reach the designed support strength rapidly, meeting the construction progress requirements for subsequent precast steel cage hoisting and concrete pouring, while ensuring the strength and durability of the formwork.

[0148] In S5, concrete 4 is poured into the interlayer, and during the pouring process, the concrete is poured evenly in layers with a pouring thickness of 20cm per layer.

[0149] In this invention, when the printing height of the 3D-printed, non-removable template is 60cm higher than the completed concrete surface, the filling concrete is poured into the interlayer. Concrete 4 is selected from pumped commercial concrete with the same grade as specified in the design drawings.

[0150] During the pouring process, the concrete is poured evenly in layers with a thickness of 20cm per layer, and the pouring speed is strictly controlled to avoid excessive stress on the formwork or concrete segregation due to excessive pouring. At the same time, the pouring concrete is fully vibrated with matching vibration equipment to ensure that the concrete is dense and formed without quality defects such as honeycomb, pitting, and voids, so that the poured concrete is tightly bonded to the 3D printed non-removable formwork to form an integral structure.

[0151] In S6, after the concrete reaches the preset strength, the hydraulic jack 8 drives the lifting frame 7, the 3D printing equipment 13, and the construction platform 9 to climb upwards simultaneously.

[0152] In this invention, after the concrete is poured and reaches the preset strength, high-pressure oil is introduced into each hydraulic jack through the oil pipe by the hydraulic control device, so that the jacks drive the lifting frame, the template printing device and the construction work platform to climb upward together. The climbing height is determined according to the construction progress requirements.

[0153] In S7, S3-S6 are repeated multiple times to complete the printing of the preset height non-removable template 1 and the printing of the corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs 2, thereby completing the construction of the entire silo structure.

[0154] In this invention, after climbing to the predetermined position, the steel cage 5 is hoisted, fixed, and connected. S3-S6 are repeated to cyclically advance the processes of 3D-printed template fabrication, silo wall concrete pouring, and prefabricated steel cage installation, achieving efficient integrated construction of the silo structure until the entire silo structure is completed.

[0155] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D-printed, template-free silo structure, characterized in that, The product includes a non-removable formwork (1), a steel cage (5), and concrete (4) made using a layer-by-layer stacking on-site printing process. The removable template (1) is configured with inner and outer layers, and a casting interlayer for placing multiple steel cages (5) is formed between the two layers of removable template (1). The removable template (1) is integrally printed with template reinforcing ribs (2) on the side facing the casting interlayer. Multiple steel cages (5) are suspended in the cast-in-place interlayer and are tied together with each other. Concrete (4) is poured into the interlayer by on-site pumping. The concrete (4) is combined with multiple steel cages (5) to form an integral silo wall.

2. The 3D printed template-free silo structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the non-removable template (1) and the template reinforcing rib (2) is a, and the length of each template reinforcing rib (2) along the extension direction of the non-removable template (1) is b. In the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs (2) on the inner wall of one of the non-removable templates (1) are arranged at equal intervals with the interval being e, and the same number of template reinforcing ribs (2) are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the other non-removable template (1). In the same horizontal plane, multiple template reinforcing ribs (2) on the inner walls of the two removable templates (1) are arranged in an alternating manner, and the distance between any two adjacent template reinforcing ribs (2) is e / 2.

3. The 3D-printed template-free silo structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Additional tie bars (3) are provided on the template reinforcing rib (2). The additional tie bars (3) are in the shape of "I". The length of the additional tie bars (3) is c and the width of the end of the additional tie bars (3) is d. One end of the additional tie bar (3) rests on the formwork reinforcing rib (2), and the resting length of this end is f; The other end of the additional tie bar (3) rests on the non-removable template (1) opposite the template reinforcing rib (2), and the resting length of this end is g; On the same template reinforcing rib (2), multiple additional tie bars (3) are arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction with a spacing of e / 2.

4. The 3D-printed template-free silo structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The width of the template reinforcing rib (2) is a=3cm, and the length of the template reinforcing rib (2) is b=6cm; The length of the additional tie bar (3) is: c = silo wall thickness + 3cm; The width of the end of the additional tie bar (3) is d=10cm; The resting lengths at both ends of the additional tie bar (3) are f=4cm and g=2cm, respectively. And, e = 2m.

5. The 3D-printed template-free silo structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Its construction system includes, A support system for mounting 3D printing equipment (13) and a power system; The 3D printing equipment (13) is used to print two non-removable templates (1) and the corresponding template reinforcing ribs (2) respectively. The power system includes a lifting system for driving the 3D printing equipment (13) to move vertically, and a rotation system for driving the 3D printing equipment (13) to move along a predetermined circular track; in, The support system includes a support rod (6) fixed at a preset position, a hydraulic jack (8) installed on the top of the support rod (6), and a construction work platform (9), wherein the construction work platform (9) is equipped with a guardrail (10) and a hanger (11). The 3D printing device (13) includes two printing arms (14), and each printing arm (14) is provided with a printing nozzle (15). The lifting system includes a lifting frame (7) supported on top of a hydraulic jack (8). The rotation system includes a slide rail (12) fixed to the bottom of the 3D printing device (13).

6. The 3D-printed template-free silo structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Its construction method includes the following steps: S1: Construction preparations completed; S2: Installation and Construction System S3: Install the steel cage (5) at the predetermined location and mark the installation location of the additional tie bars (3); S4: Perform 3D printing construction actions; S41: Complete the 3D printing construction of a pre-set height, non-removable template (1); S42: During the printing process, the corresponding additional tie bars (3) are installed at the predetermined positions; S5: Concrete pouring; S6: System Climb: S7: Process cycle, repeating S3-S6; S8: Construction ends.

7. The construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S1, construction preparation includes: Construction of embedded steel bars in the silo wall includes the concrete pouring of the silo foundation slab and the construction of embedded longitudinal steel bars; Template positioning and interface processing, including the construction location positioning of the non-removable template (1); Construction cleaning treatment includes roughening the interface between the non-removable formwork (1) and the foundation plate, and cleaning the interface after roughening.

8. The construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S2, the installation and construction system includes: S21: Install the lifting frame (7), hydraulic jack (8) and support rod (6) at the preset position; S22: Conduct a comprehensive test of the synchronous lifting performance of the hydraulic jack (8); S23: Erect a working platform (9), install a protective railing (10) on the outside of the working platform (9), and suspend a hanging bracket (11) under the working platform (9). S24: Two parallel slide rails (12) are installed on the lifting frame (7), and the slide rails (12) are arranged circumferentially along the cylinder wall; a 3D printing device (13) is installed at the bottom of the slide rails (12).

9. The construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, In S41: The system controls the 3D printing equipment (13) to print two non-removable templates (1) and corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs (2) layer by layer through two printing arms (14) and two printing nozzles (15), according to the preset circular printing path, thickness and template reinforcing ribs (2) arrangement requirements. The preset printing height of each template (1) is 60cm; In S42: At the predetermined location, additional tie bars (3) are manually installed, and the additional tie bars (3) pass through the corresponding steel cage (5) and are tied and fixed to the corresponding steel cage (5); When the printing nozzle (15) rotates to the end of the additional tie bar (3) again, the printing material covers the resting end of the additional tie bar (3) so that the resting end of the additional tie bar (3) is connected and fixed to the template (1) without disassembly.

10. The construction method for a 3D-printed, template-free silo structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, In S5, concrete is poured into the interlayer (4), and during the pouring process, the concrete is poured evenly in layers with a pouring thickness of 20cm per layer. In S6, after the concrete reaches the preset strength, the hydraulic jack (8) drives the lifting frame (7), 3D printing equipment (13) and construction operation platform (9) to climb upward simultaneously. In S7, S3-S6 are repeated multiple times to complete the printing construction of the preset height non-removable template (1) and the printing construction of the corresponding multiple template reinforcing ribs (2), thereby completing the construction of the entire silo structure.

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