Method for utilizing underground brackish water to irrigate and build ecological economic wild jujube forest in extremely arid flowing desert area

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for irrigating a wild jujube ecological economic forest in an extremely arid flowing desert area by using underground brackish water, and relates to the technical field of desertification control and ecological restoration. According to the method, through the steps of land pretreatment, herbaceous plant sowing and management, wild jujube sowing, field management and the like, the ecological economic wild jujube forest is successfully constructed in the extreme drought flowing desert area, especially in the area where fresh water resources are deficient but the salinity (M) is larger than or equal to 5g / L and underground brackish water resources are rich in reserves; the near-surface wind speed can be reduced by more than 50%, and sand burying can be resisted; the survival rate of the wild jujube under the irrigation of brackish water with M greater than or equal to 5g / L can be increased to 85% or above; herbaceous income can be obtained in a short period, a deep processing industry chain is extended based on wild jujube for a long period, and forest cultivation by forest is realized; meanwhile, vegetation coverage is increased, desertification is restrained, and desert land is promoted to be transformed into ecologicalization and economization from wasteful transformation; and a sustainable and developable economic mode is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of desertification control and ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a method for establishing jujube ecological economic forests using underground brackish water irrigation in extremely arid and shifting desert areas. Background Technology

[0002] To innovate desertification control technologies and enhance the effectiveness of ecological barriers. It is worth emphasizing that the Taklamakan Desert, as my country's largest shifting sand desert, also has the potential to become an important reserve base for arable land in the future. Vigorously promoting ecological restoration on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert and turning the desert green will help lay a solid ecological foundation for subsequent arable land development and contribute to national arable land security.

[0003] The northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert (represented by Maigati County) faces a triple threat: strong winds, abundant sand, and high salinity. Frequent gales exceeding level 10 occur from March to May in spring; freshwater resources are extremely scarce, while saline groundwater resources are abundant. Currently, the ecological restoration and greening process in this region is crucial to the feasibility and safety of farmland development. While saline desalination technology exists, it is prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, there is no better innovative model for directly utilizing brackish water resources to achieve sustainable development combining ecology and industry, severely hindering the advancement of the "forest-forest" sustainable development model.

[0004] Traditional straw checkerboard sand control methods suffer from drawbacks such as high cost, short lifespan, and limited ecological benefits, making them unsuitable for the ecological management needs of large-scale farmland reserve bases. Planting trees, shrubs, and grasses faces the dual risks of salinity from brackish water and wind erosion of seedlings, resulting in poor ecological restoration and low survival rates. Furthermore, while chemical sand control (spraying sand-fixing agents) offers the advantage of rapid engineering implementation, it easily causes soil and water damage, has weak long-term sand-fixing capabilities, and requires repeated maintenance. Biological sand control methods (desert algae / crusts) suffer from low survival rates, limited resistance to disturbance, and difficulty adapting to shifting sand dunes.

[0005] In summary, for regions like the Taklamakan Desert, China's largest shifting sand desert, there is an urgent need to provide a new method to offer technical support for desert greening and subsequent arable land development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a method for irrigating and constructing structures using underground brackish water in extremely arid and shifting desert regions, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for establishing jujube ecological economic forests using brackish groundwater irrigation in extremely arid shifting desert areas is proposed. This method is applied to regions with an average annual rainfall of less than 100 mm and an annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm. The irrigation source is brackish groundwater with a mineralization ≥ 5 g / L. A hierarchical protection system is constructed, combining living herbaceous plant sand barriers with no-till direct seeding of jujube. The method includes the following steps: (1) Land pretreatment: After leveling the land before sowing, apply 2-4 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu; (2) Planting of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants and construction of sand barriers: After the sand thaws in early spring, salt-tolerant herbaceous plants are sown and drip irrigation tape is laid; the growth of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants is regulated by water and fertilizer management so that they can form living plant sand barriers with a height of 15-35cm before the wind season arrives, so as to reduce the near-surface wind speed and resist wind and sand burial. (3) No-till direct seeding of jujube: After the formation of living herbaceous plant sand barrier, no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds is carried out between the rows of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants in late March to mid-April of the same year or the following year, while simultaneously laying mulch and drip irrigation tape. (4) Field management: Implement a special drip irrigation scheme for jujube with integrated water and fertilizer. Harvest salt-tolerant herbaceous plants after they mature and continue to cultivate jujube seedlings until they form a stable ecological economic forest. In step (2), when the salt-tolerant herbaceous plants have grown 2-3 true leaves, a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid is applied with water droplets to stimulate root development and relieve salt stress. In step (3), before no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds, the jujube seeds are pretreated by soaking, mixing and sand storage; after no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds, from emergence to the four-leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out once every 4-7 days, and the drip irrigation solution is brackish water + humic acid.

[0008] It should be noted that the method provided by this invention is a specialized method for dealing with multiple adverse conditions (high temperature, drought, salinity, and strong winds) in extremely arid deserts. It can be precisely matched to the harsh environment of the Taklamakan Desert, solving the core problem that existing technologies cannot adapt to such special scenarios and are difficult to cope with multiple superimposed stresses. It fills the gap in specialized technologies for ecological restoration in extremely arid desert areas. This invention first constructs near-surface living plant sand barriers, which can reduce near-surface wind speed and resist wind and sand burial. Then, it combines a specialized water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation scheme for no-till direct seeding of jujube. The whole process does not rely on scarce freshwater, which can not only play an ecological protection role, but also build a sustainable development model of "using forests to support forests" based on vegetation resources. It can achieve low-cost and large-scale desert ecological restoration and has broad application value and strategic significance.

[0009] In this invention, an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system is adopted. When fertilization is required, irrigation water (brackish water) is mixed with fertilizer (such as humic acid, urea, urea phosphate, or monoammonium phosphate mentioned later) to form a fertigation solution, which is then delivered to the roots of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants and / or jujube through drip irrigation. There is no surface runoff, reducing the impact of evaporation, which is more suitable for the current situation of scarce freshwater resources in deserts where only brackish water can be used. At the same time, the fertilizer is directly delivered to the core absorption area of ​​the crop after dissolving, which can prevent fertilizer from being lost in the sandy soil with water infiltration and improve fertilizer utilization. The concentration of the fertigation solution, the drip irrigation volume, and the drip irrigation frequency can also be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different growth stages of the crop.

[0010] Understandably, when using brackish water, it is advisable to filter it first to remove mud, sand, impurities, etc., to avoid clogging the drip irrigation tape emitters.

[0011] Furthermore, the salt-tolerant herbaceous plant is wheat. Step (2) is as follows: Wheat should be sown in early spring or early summer of the first year. For early spring sowing: the plastic film width should be 1.4-1.8m, with 6-10 rows sown per hole, a hole spacing of 8.5-10.5cm, a sowing depth of 2.5-4.5cm, and a sowing rate of 20-30kg / mu; after sowing, drip irrigation should be applied, with 20-30m³ of water per mu for seedling emergence. 3 Add Bacillus subtilis to the seedling water at a rate of 80-120 g / mu. In June, the wheat seedlings were first pulverized and returned to the field by rotary tillage, and then wheat was replanted for the first time according to the standards for early spring sowing. In early October, the wheat seedlings were pulverized and returned to the field after the second rotary tillage. After applying 2-2.5 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, the wheat was replanted for the second time at a rate of 20-30 kg / mu. Winter irrigation should be carried out when the average daily temperature drops to 3-5℃ (around early to mid-November), with a drip irrigation volume of 40-50 m³. 3 Apply 8-10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation water; and when the wheat has grown 2-3 true leaves, apply 3-5 kg / mu of root-promoting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid with irrigation water to stimulate root development and relieve salt stress. In late March to mid-April of the second year, when the wheat plants of the second replanting reach a height of 25-35cm, they form living herbaceous sand barriers. In step (4), the wheat is harvested after it matures in June of the following year, and a stubble of 15-25cm is left. The water source used is brackish water with a mineralization degree of ≥5 g / L.

[0012] Furthermore, for early spring sowing: the plastic film width should be 1.6m, with 8 rows sown per hole on the film, a hole spacing of 9.5cm, a sowing depth of 3-3.5cm, and a sowing rate of 25kg / mu; after sowing, drip irrigation should be applied, with 20-30m³ of water per mu for seedlings. 3 Add Bacillus subtilis to the seedling water at a rate of 100g / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (3), after direct sowing of jujube seeds, drip irrigation is performed once every 4-7 days. The drip irrigation solution is brackish water + humic acid, of which the amount of brackish water is 8-12 m³. 3 / mu, humic acid dosage 2~4 kg / mu.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), jujube seeds are directly sown without tillage at a spacing of 1×3m and a depth of 2-3cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the salt-tolerant herbaceous plant is licorice. Step (2) is as follows: After the sandy soil thaws in early spring, licorice sowing, mulching, and drip irrigation tape laying should be completed simultaneously before March 10th. During the germination period, drip irrigation under the film should be performed every 1-2 days, with a water volume of 20-30 m³. 3 / mu; The four-leaf stage should be adjusted to 3-4 days per irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 8-12m³. 3 / acre, to induce deep root growth; When the licorice has grown 2-3 true leaves, apply a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid with water drip, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu. Before the windy season arrives, the height of licorice seedlings is controlled to 15-20cm to form a living plant sand barrier; In step (4), licorice is harvested 2-3 years later; The water source used is brackish water with a mineralization degree of ≥5 g / L.

[0016] Furthermore, step (2) also includes applying a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid or alginic acid with water droplets when the licorice has grown 2-3 true leaves, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu, and supplementing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 2-4 kg / mu.

[0017] Furthermore, when planting licorice, the planting method for jujube is to plant 3-5 rows of licorice and a single row of jujube. Meanwhile, after the jujube has grown 4-6 true leaves, topdressing should begin, with 3-5 kg ​​of urea per mu. Apply urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate once each in June and July, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu.

[0018] Further, in step (3), the preprocessing includes: Soak the jujube seeds in brackish water with a mineralization of 5-8 g / L at 42-46℃ for 12-24 hours. After soaking and draining, treat the seeds with a compound coating agent consisting of humic acid, Bacillus subtilis, and a water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent should be 2-3% of the weight of the jujube seeds. After seed dressing, mix jujube seeds with moist sand at a ratio of 1:2 to 4, store in sand for 7 to 10 days, and then perform no-till direct seeding.

[0019] The compound coating agent, by total mass, contains 10% fulvic acid, 5% Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count ≥ 20 billion CFU / g), and 5% water-retaining agent (such as potassium polyacrylate salt-alkali resistant type). It can be understood that it also includes other carriers or adjuvants. The preferred carriers include talc, diatomaceous earth (70%~75%), and carboxymethyl cellulose (5%~10%). Talc and diatomaceous earth are inert carriers that easily adhere to the surface of jujube seeds and resist desert wind and sand erosion. Carboxymethyl cellulose is a binder that allows the coating agent to adhere tightly to the seeds and not fall off when exposed to water (branchy water drip irrigation), ensuring that the components continue to play a role during the seedling stage.

[0020] The present invention also aims to provide the application of any of the above-described methods in constructing a no-till jujube ecological economic forest on the wind and sand front based on living herbaceous sand barriers.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention include at least the following: (1) The method provided by the present invention can successfully construct jujube ecological economic forests in extremely arid and shifting desert areas, especially in areas with scarce freshwater resources and only deep-seated brackish water with mineralization (M) ≥ 5 g / L; it can reduce near-surface wind speed by more than 50% and resist wind and sand burial; it can increase the survival rate of jujubes to more than 85% under irrigation with M ≥ 5 g / L brackish water.

[0022] (2) The ecological economic forest constructed by this invention can sustainably produce huge economic benefits. In the short term, it can obtain herbaceous income, and in the long term, it can rely on the deep processing industrial chain of jujube to achieve the goal of using grass to support forest. At the same time, it can increase vegetation coverage, curb desertification, and promote the transformation of desert land from barrenness to ecological and economic development.

[0023] (3) In this invention, wheat serves as a "temporary living sand barrier," which is simple to sow, grows extremely fast, and has mature sowing technology. It germinates rapidly and can quickly form a green cover after autumn or spring sowing, providing significant wind protection in the first windy season, making it highly effective in emergency situations. It is also inexpensive and readily available: seeds are cheap, and sowing can be done mechanically or manually, resulting in low initial costs. Salt-tolerant wheat varieties, such as Hangmai 802 and Cangmai 6002, can grow normally in saline-alkali soils with a salt content of 3‰ or higher and achieve a yield of over 400 kg per mu.

[0024] (4) In this invention, licorice is a perennial leguminous herbaceous plant, which is a living sand barrier with greater strategic value. After sowing, its underground parts are generally harvested as raw materials for medicinal processing three years later, so that the soil will not be disturbed within three years. Licorice has outstanding drought resistance, poor soil resistance, and salt and alkali resistance. It can tolerate saline-alkali sandy land with a soil salt content of 0.3%-0.5% and a pH value of 7.5-9.0. It has strong environmental adaptability and strong sand fixation persistence. Moreover, the rhizobia in the roots of licorice can fix nitrogen in the air, increase the nitrogen fertilizer content of sandy soil, greatly improve soil fertility, and create favorable conditions for the growth of jujube plants. In addition, the rhizomes of licorice are a well-known bulk Chinese medicinal material with stable and huge market demand and extremely high economic value. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a field diagram of wheat grown using salt-tolerant herbaceous plants.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a field diagram of licorice grown from salt-tolerant herbaceous plants. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in this invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in this technical field.

[0029] The core technical solution of this invention is as follows: Option 1: Co-cultivation of jujube and wheat using no-till planting 1. Soil Improvement Stage (Year 1) After leveling the land, apply 2-2.5 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre.

[0030] In early spring or early summer, a mechanized operation mode is adopted to complete sowing, fertilization, and drip irrigation tape laying in one go. The film width is 1.6m, 8 rows are sown in holes on the film, the hole spacing is 9.5cm, the depth is 3-3.5cm, and 25kg / mu of wheat is sown. After sowing, drip irrigation should be applied at a rate of 20-30 ml per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 3 To ensure seed germination, add Bacillus subtilis (100g / acre) to the water to prevent root rot. In June, the wheat seedlings in early spring-sown fields are rotary tilled and returned to the field, and then wheat is replanted at 25 kg / mu. The management method is the same as that for early spring sowing. In early October, the wheat seedlings were pulverized by rotary tillage for the second time. After applying 2-2.5 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, wheat was resown at 25 kg / mu. The parameters such as the width of the mulch film, the hole sowing on the film, and the sowing depth were the same as those for early spring sowing. At the same time, the pulverized wheat seedlings and mulch film were retained as surface coverings to suppress salt and prevent erosion.

[0031] Winter irrigation should be carried out when the average daily temperature drops to 3-5℃ (around early to mid-November), with a drip rate of 30-50m³. 3 Apply 8-10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation water.

[0032] 2. Establishment of living sand barriers (Year 2) When the wheat seedlings reach a height of 30cm (late March to mid-April), no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds (2-3cm deep) is carried out at a spacing of 1×3m between plants and rows, and mulching and laying of special drip irrigation tape for jujube are completed simultaneously. 3. Benefits and Continuous Protection Phase Wheat is harvested in early to mid-June to generate economic benefits, with a stubble length of 15-25cm left. Wheat stubble continues to stabilize the sand until the spring of the third year, while jujube seedlings can reach a height of 50-70cm during the same period, forming a stable ecological and economic forest.

[0033] The innovative aspect of this plan is that rows of wheat seedlings form living plant sand barriers, which can reduce near-surface wind speed by more than 50% and resist wind and sand burial. From the emergence of jujube seedlings to the four-leaf stage, brackish water and humic acid conditioner are applied through an independent drip irrigation system to neutralize salt stress.

[0034] Fulvic acid is a natural soil aggregater that effectively breaks up soil compaction caused by excessive sodium ions, resulting in improved soil aggregate structure with greater porosity. In this invention, fulvic acid is used to complex insoluble micronutrients such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese in the soil, converting them into forms that crops can absorb and preventing them from being fixed. Under saline conditions, fulvic acid effectively counteracts the inhibitory effect of salt on nutrient absorption, ensuring crop nutrient balance and improving fertilizer utilization.

[0035] Fulvic acid improvers also contain humic acid, beneficial microorganisms (bacterial agents), penetrants, and adjuvants that can enhance the effectiveness of the improvers.

[0036] This invention provides an independent drip irrigation system coupled with a humic acid modifier, which increases the survival rate of jujubes to over 85% when irrigated with brackish water at a concentration of M>5g / L.

[0037] Option 2: Layered protection and no-till planting of jujube and licorice 1. Construction of living sand barriers using licorice Apply 2.5-3 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre, and level and harrow the soil.

[0038] After the sandy soil thaws in early spring (before March 10), licorice sowing, mulching, and drip irrigation tape laying should be completed simultaneously. Water control under drip irrigation: During the germination period (5-7 days), irrigate once every 1-2 days; during the four-leaf stage (about 15 days), extend to once every 3-4 days to induce deep root growth.

[0039] 2. Precise physical protection against wind and sand Before the windy season arrives on March 20, the height of licorice seedlings is controlled to 15-20cm (to match the 20cm strong wind and sand flow layer near the ground). Select jujube seeds with a maturity of over 95%, purity of over 98%, plump kernels, and no mold, with a breakage rate of no more than 5%. Directly sow the jujube seeds in the no-till planting area between the rows of licorice, and place 4 rows of live licorice sand barriers on both sides of each row of jujube seeds. Innovation: During the period when the jujube sprouts to a height of 10cm, the licorice naturally grows to form 8 rows of three-dimensional sand barriers, reducing the seedling mortality rate by more than 60%.

[0040] 3. Collaborative Management After the jujube seedlings have grown 4-6 true leaves, topdressing can begin. Apply 3-5 kg ​​of urea per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) through a drip irrigation system to promote seedling growth.

[0041] In June and July, apply 3-5 kg / mu of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate once each through the drip irrigation system to alleviate the salt damage caused by brackish water.

[0042] Two to three years later, the jujube saplings will have developed a certain wind resistance and the licorice can be harvested, thus realizing medium-term economic benefits.

[0043] In this invention, the solution for wheat is to use the greening wheat seedlings (30cm high) to form a wind and sand barrier in spring, and to continue the protection after the wheat stubble is harvested; For the licorice-based solution: precisely control the protection height (15-20cm) according to the physical laws of wind and sand, and use multiple layers of sand barriers to reduce wind erosion energy.

[0044] In this invention, jujube seeds are directly sown in herbaceous areas without tillage, which can maximize the maintenance of surface stability and avoid wind erosion caused by traditional tillage.

[0045] Wheat profits in the current year are used to support ecological investment, licorice harvesting in the middle stage achieves "using grass to nourish forests", and the long-term economic output of jujube (jujube and kernel) forms a sustainable cycle.

[0046] The following specific embodiments illustrate the solution proposed in this invention: It should be noted that, in this embodiment, due to the special nature of the planting site (there is only brackish water and no fresh water resources available for irrigation), the water used throughout the planting and irrigation process is brackish water (brackish water is water with alkalinity greater than hardness, pH value greater than 7 and containing a large amount of neutral salts). In this embodiment, the water has a mineralization of 5~6 g / L.

[0047] Example 1 The location is in the sandy wasteland of Maigati County (with an average annual rainfall of about 50 mm and an annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm). The method is as follows: After leveling the land in the first year, apply 2.5 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre.

[0048] In early spring or early summer, a mechanized operation mode is adopted to complete sowing, fertilization, and drip irrigation tape laying in one go. The mulch film is 1.6m wide, with 8 rows of sowing on the film, a hole spacing of 9.5cm, a depth of 3.5cm, and 25kg / mu of wheat. After sowing, drip irrigation should be applied at a rate of 25m³ per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 3 To ensure seed germination, add Bacillus subtilis (100g / acre) to the water to prevent root rot. Then, drip irrigate once every 20 days, at a rate of 20m³ per acre. 3 ; In June, rotary tillage is used to pulverize and return early spring wheat to the field, followed by replanting wheat at 25 kg / mu, with the same management methods as for early spring sowing. In October, wheat is crushed a second time. After applying 2 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), winter-sown wheat is planted at a rate of 25 kg / mu. Parameters such as mulch film width, sowing on the film, and sowing depth are consistent with early spring sowing. Simultaneously, the crushed wheat seedlings and mulch film are retained as surface covering to suppress salt and prevent erosion. Winter irrigation is carried out when the average daily temperature drops to 3-5℃ (around early to mid-November), with an irrigation volume of 30 m³. 3 Apply 10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation water, and when the wheat has grown 2-3 true leaves, apply 5 kg / mu of root-promoting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract (seaweed extract purchased from Shandong Binhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., containing ≥25% alginic acid and ≥67% organic matter) with irrigation water to stimulate root development and alleviate salt stress.

[0049] In the second year, before planting jujube seeds, pretreatment was carried out, including soaking the jujube seeds in brackish water with a mineralization of 5-8 g / L at 45℃ for 18 hours; after soaking, the seeds were drained and treated with a compound coating agent consisting of 10% humic acid, 5% Bacillus subtilis, and 5% water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent was 2.5% of the weight of the jujube seeds; after coating, the jujube seeds were mixed with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3, stored in sand for 8 days, and then directly sown without tillage.

[0050] That is, in April of the following year, when the wheat seedlings reach a height of 30cm, no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds is carried out using a 2CM-4 type seeder. The plant spacing is 1×3m. The mulch and drip irrigation tape are laid simultaneously. After sowing, water is dripped out in time to keep the seed hole moist. From seedling emergence to the four-leaf stage, the jujube drip irrigation system should drip 10m³ of brackish water every 4-7 days. 3 / mu (M=5.5±0.5g / L) + 3kg / mu of fulvic acid, which was purchased from Shandong Hengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; In early to mid-June, the seedlings enter a period of rapid growth. Urea fertilizer can be applied 2-3 times in conjunction with drip irrigation, with a dosage of about 5 kg per mu each time. In late June and July, urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate can be drip-applied to the jujube trees once each time, with a dosage of 5 kg / mu.

[0051] Wheat was harvested in mid-June (yield of 210 kg per mu), with a stubble length of 20 cm. By October, the average height of the jujube seedlings was 65 cm, and the survival rate reached 91%.

[0052] Sour jujube seedlings begin to bear fruit after about 4-5 years, with a yield of about 200 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The yield increases with the age of the tree.

[0053] Wheat is 2.5 yuan / kg, and jujubes are 30 yuan / kg.

[0054] Example 2 The location is in the core area of ​​wind erosion (annual rainfall of about 50 mm and annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm). Includes the following steps: First, apply 3 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre, then level and harrow the soil.

[0055] On March 5th, licorice sowing, mulching, and drip irrigation tape installation were completed. Drip irrigation under the mulch was applied every two days (seedlings emerged in 5 days), with a water volume of 25m³. 3 / mu, ensuring the seed layer is completely moist, and adjust to once every 4 days during the four-leaf stage, with each irrigation volume of 10 cubic meters per mu to prevent frequent and excessive irrigation from causing shallow roots; brackish water is used for irrigation.

[0056] When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, apply a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract (seaweed extract purchased from Shandong Binhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., containing ≥25% alginic acid and ≥67% organic matter) with watering at a rate of 5 kg / mu to stimulate root development and alleviate salt stress. Supplement with a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3 kg / mu) to promote robust seedling growth.

[0057] Before planting jujube seeds, pretreatment is performed, including soaking the seeds in brackish water at 45℃ with a mineralization of 5-8 g / L for 18 hours; after soaking, drain the seeds and coat them with a compound coating agent consisting of 10% humic acid, 5% Bacillus subtilis, and 5% water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent is 2.5% of the weight of the jujube seeds; after coating, the jujube seeds are mixed with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3, stored in sand for 8 days, and then directly sown without tillage.

[0058] On March 25, when the licorice seedlings are 18cm tall, no-till jujubes are sown in the rows between the rows, with 4 rows of licorice and a single row of jujubes; at the same time, mulch and drip irrigation tape are laid, and water is dripped out in time after sowing to keep the seed holes moist; When the jujube seedlings encountered level 8 sandstorms, only 11% of the seedlings in the 8-row licorice sand barrier area were buried, while the survival rate of the unburied seedlings reached over 85%.

[0059] From seedling emergence to the four-leaf stage, the jujube drip irrigation system should drip 10m³ of brackish water every 4-7 days. 3 Apply 3 kg / mu of urea (M=5.5±0.5g / L) + 3 kg / mu of humic acid; after the seedlings have grown 4-6 true leaves, begin topdressing. Apply 3-5 kg / mu of urea through a drip irrigation system to promote seedling growth.

[0060] In late June and July, apply urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate to the jujube trees once each time, at a rate of 5 kg / mu.

[0061] By October, the average height of the jujube seedlings reached 66cm, and the survival rate reached over 85%.

[0062] Licorice can be harvested after 3 years of planting, while jujube seedlings begin to bear fruit after about 4-5 years, with a yield of about 200 kg per mu. The yield increases with the age of the tree.

[0063] Licorice root is 40 yuan / kg, and jujube is 30 yuan / kg.

[0064] Comparative Example 1: No salt-tolerant herbaceous plants were planted. The location is in the core area of ​​wind erosion (annual rainfall less than 50 mm, annual evaporation greater than 3000 mm). This comparative example includes the following steps: After leveling the land, apply 3 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre; No-till direct seeding of jujube seeds was carried out using a 2CM-4 type seeder with a plant spacing of 1×3m, and mulching film and drip irrigation tape were laid simultaneously. The drip irrigation system applies 10m³ of brackish water every 3 days. 3 / mu (M=5.5±0.5g / L) + 3kg / mu of fulvic acid; The jujube seedlings were hit by a level 8 sandstorm, resulting in a 76% burial rate and a survival rate of only 24%.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 did not involve multiple replantings of wheat or the crushing and returning of wheat to the field. The location is in the sandy wasteland of Maigati County (with an average annual rainfall of less than 50 mm and an annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm). This comparative example includes the following steps: After leveling the land in October, apply 3 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, then apply 25 kg / mu of winter-sown wheat (without the wheat's first-year crushing and returning to the field management in June and October). Irrigate in winter when the average daily temperature drops to 3-5℃ (around early to mid-November), with an irrigation volume of 30 m³. 3 Apply 10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation water.

[0066] In April of the following year, the wheat was sparse and not tall enough to form an effective living herbaceous sand barrier with a height of 25-35cm.

[0067] Comparative Example 3 without the application of fulvic acid The location is in the core area of ​​wind erosion (annual rainfall less than 50 mm, annual evaporation greater than 3000 mm). This comparative example includes the following steps: After leveling the land, apply 3 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per acre, and then level and harrow the land.

[0068] On March 5th, licorice sowing, mulching, and drip irrigation tape installation were completed. Brackish water was drip-irrigated under the mulch every two days (seedlings emerged in 5 days), with an irrigation volume of 25m³. 3 / Ensure the seed layer is completely moistened, and when 2-3 true leaves have emerged, adjust the frequency to once every 3 days, applying 1 m each time. 3 / mu, during the four-leaf stage, adjust the irrigation frequency to once every 4 days, with each irrigation volume of 1 m³. 3 Add a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3 kg / mu) per mu to promote robust seedling growth.

[0069] On March 25, when the licorice seedlings reached 18cm in height, no-till jujubes were sown in the rows between the rows, with 4 rows of licorice and a single row of jujubes. Mulching and drip irrigation tape were laid at the same time, and water was dripped out in time after sowing to keep the seed holes moist. From seedling emergence to the four-leaf stage, the jujube drip irrigation system should drip 10m³ of brackish water every 4-7 days. 3 / mu (M=5.5±0.5g / L), after three months, the survival rate of jujube seedlings was 65%.

[0070] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that licorice is replaced with Artemisia argyi, while the rest remains the same.

[0071] In this comparative example, the jujube seedlings encountered level 8 sandstorms during their growth period. The burial rate of seedlings in the 8 rows of Artemisia argyi sand barrier area reached 42%, while the survival rate of unburied seedlings decreased to 58%.

[0072] The average height of the jujube seedlings in October was 51 cm, and the survival rate dropped to 51%.

[0073] Comparative Example 5: Jujube seeds were not pretreated. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the jujube seeds were not pretreated; all other aspects remain the same.

[0074] In this comparative example, the average height of the jujube seedlings was 37cm in October of the year of planting, and the survival rate was 56%.

[0075] Comparative Example 6 did not undergo seed soaking during pretreatment. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, during the pretreatment of jujube seeds, the jujube seeds were not soaked, but directly treated with a compound coating agent consisting of 10% humic acid, 5% Bacillus subtilis, and 5% water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent was 2.5% of the weight of the jujube seeds; after coating, the jujube seeds were mixed with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3, stored in sand for 8 days, and then directly sown without tillage; the rest remained the same.

[0076] In this comparative example, the average height of the jujube seedlings was 53cm in October of the year of planting, and the survival rate of the jujube seedlings was 69%.

[0077] Comparative Example 7 did not undergo sand storage treatment during pretreatment. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, during the pretreatment of jujube seeds, the jujube seeds were first soaked in brackish water with a mineralization of 5-8 g / L at 45°C for 18 hours; after soaking, the seeds were drained and treated with a compound coating agent consisting of 10% humic acid, 5% Bacillus subtilis, and 5% water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent was 2.5% of the weight of the jujube seeds; after treatment, the seeds were not subjected to sand stratification with wet sand, but were directly subjected to no-till direct seeding; the rest remained the same.

[0078] In this comparative example, the average height of the jujube seedlings was 62cm in October of the year of planting, and the survival rate of the jujube seedlings was 84%.

[0079] Comparative Example 8 did not undergo seed dressing during pretreatment. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, when pretreating the jujube seeds, the jujube seeds were first soaked in brackish water with a mineralization of 5~8 g / L at 45℃ for 18 hours; after soaking, the seeds were drained, and the jujube seeds were mixed with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3. After sand storage for 8 days, the seeds were directly sown without tillage; the rest remained the same.

[0080] In this comparative example, the average height of the jujube seedlings was 58cm in October of the year of planting, and the survival rate of the jujube seedlings was 76%.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0082] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for establishing jujube ecological economic forests using underground brackish water irrigation in extremely arid shifting desert areas, characterized in that, Applied to areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 100 mm and an annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm, using brackish water with a mineralization of ≥5 g / L as the irrigation water source, a hierarchical protection system is constructed that combines living herbaceous plant sand barriers with no-till direct seeding of jujube. The method includes the following steps: (1) Land pretreatment: After leveling the land before sowing, apply 2-4 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu; (2) Planting of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants and construction of sand barriers: After the sand thaws in early spring, salt-tolerant herbaceous plants are sown and drip irrigation tape is laid; the growth of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants is regulated by water and fertilizer management so that they form living herbaceous plant sand barriers with a height of 15-35cm before the wind season arrives, so as to reduce the near-surface wind speed and resist wind and sand burial. (3) No-till direct seeding of jujube: After the formation of living herbaceous sand barrier, no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds is carried out between the rows of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants in late March to mid-April of the same year or the following year. Drip irrigation tape is laid and then covered with film. (4) Field management: Implement a special drip irrigation scheme for jujube with integrated water and fertilizer. Harvest salt-tolerant herbaceous plants after they mature and continue to cultivate jujube seedlings until they form a stable ecological economic forest. In step (2), when the salt-tolerant herbaceous plants have grown 2-3 true leaves, a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid is applied with water droplets to stimulate root development and relieve salt stress. In step (3), before no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds, the jujube seeds are pretreated by soaking, mixing and sand storage; after no-till direct seeding of jujube seeds, from emergence to the four-leaf stage, drip irrigation is carried out once every 4-7 days, and the drip irrigation solution is brackish water + humic acid.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The salt-tolerant herbaceous plant mentioned is wheat. Step (2) is as follows: Wheat should be sown in early spring or early summer of the first year. For early spring sowing: the plastic film width should be 1.4-1.8m, with 6-10 rows sown per hole, a hole spacing of 8.5-10.5cm, a sowing depth of 2.5-4.5cm, and a sowing rate of 20-30kg / mu; after sowing, drip irrigation should be applied, with 20-30m³ of water per mu for seedling emergence. 3 Add Bacillus subtilis to the seedling water at a rate of 80-120 g / mu. In June, the wheat seedlings were first pulverized and returned to the field by rotary tillage, and then wheat was replanted for the first time according to the standards for early spring sowing. In early October, the wheat seedlings were pulverized and returned to the field after the second rotary tillage. After applying 2-2.5 tons of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu, the wheat was replanted for the second time at a rate of 20-30 kg / mu. Winter irrigation should be carried out when the average daily temperature drops to 3-5℃, with a drip rate of 40-50 m³. 3 Apply 8-10 kg / mu of urea with irrigation water; and when the wheat has grown 2-3 true leaves, apply 3-5 kg / mu of root-promoting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid with irrigation water to stimulate root development and relieve salt stress. In late March to mid-April of the second year, when the wheat plants of the second replanting reach a height of 25-35cm, they form living herbaceous sand barriers. In step (4), the wheat is harvested in June of the second year after it matures, and 15-25cm of stubble is left in the sandy soil. The water source used is brackish groundwater with a mineralization degree of ≥5 g / L.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, For early spring sowing: the plastic film should be 1.6m wide, with 8 rows sown per hole, 9.5cm between holes, at a depth of 3-3.5cm, and a sowing rate of 25kg / mu; after sowing, drip irrigation should be applied to 20-30m³ per mu. 3 Add Bacillus subtilis to the seedling water at a rate of 100g / mu.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (3), the drip irrigation volume of brackish water is 8~12 m³. 3 / mu, humic acid dosage 2~4 kg / mu.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (3), jujube seeds are directly sown without tillage at a spacing of 1×3m and a depth of 2-3cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The salt-tolerant herbaceous plant mentioned is licorice. Step (2) is as follows: After the sandy soil thaws in early spring, licorice sowing, mulching, and drip irrigation tape laying should be completed simultaneously before March 10th. During the germination period, drip irrigation under the film should be performed every 1-2 days, with a water volume of 20-30 m³. 3 / mu; The four-leaf stage should be adjusted to 3-4 days per irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 8-12m³. 3 / acre, to induce deep root growth; When the licorice has grown 2-3 true leaves, apply a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing seaweed extract or humic acid with water drip, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu. Before the windy season arrives, the height of licorice seedlings is controlled to 15-20cm to form a living plant sand barrier; In step (4), licorice is harvested 2-3 years later; The water source used is brackish water with a mineralization degree of ≥5 g / L.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step (2) also includes applying a rooting water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid or alginic acid with water droplets when the licorice has grown 2-3 true leaves, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu, and supplementing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a rate of 2-4 kg / mu.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When planting licorice, the planting method for jujube is to plant 3-5 rows of licorice and a single row of jujube. Meanwhile, after the jujube has grown 4-6 true leaves, topdressing should begin, with 3-5 kg ​​of urea per mu. Apply urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate once each in June and July, at a rate of 3-5 kg / mu.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the preprocessing includes: Soak the jujube seeds in brackish water with a mineralization of 5-8 g / L at 42-46℃ for 12-24 hours. After soaking and draining, treat the seeds with a compound coating agent consisting of humic acid, Bacillus subtilis, and a water-retaining agent; the amount of the compound coating agent should be 2-3% of the weight of the jujube seeds. After seed dressing, mix jujube seeds with moist sand at a ratio of 1:2 to 4, store in sand for 7 to 10 days, and then perform no-till direct seeding.

Images