Load carbon emission factor calculation method in multi-level hybrid power market

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power system carbon reduction, in particular to a load carbon emission factor calculation method under a multi-level hybrid power market, and the method comprises the steps: S10, distinguishing bilateral transaction and joint transaction, and carrying out the decoupling to construct a carbon emission calculation model; s20, for the bilateral transactions, calculating the carbon emission of each bilateral transaction; s30, for the joint transaction, according to the hierarchical sequence of the provincial power grid, the intra-provincial regional power grid and the city and county level power grid, calculating the power generation amount proportions and carbon emission of four power generation types of thermal power, hydroelectric power, wind power and photovoltaic in each level of power grid in sequence; and S40, combining the carbon emission of each level of joint transaction in the bilateral transaction and the joint transaction, and respectively calculating the power supply carbon emission factors of the provincial power grid, the intra-province regional power grid and the prefecture, city and county level power grid based on the characteristic that each level of power grid consumes the power in combination with the boundary condition. Through the method, accurate matching of the source carbon responsibilities and the load carbon responsibilities can be realized, and a feasible path is provided for differential carbon accounting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon reduction and decarbonization technology in power systems, and in particular to a method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid power market. Background Technology

[0002] For the power industry, traditional carbon emission calculation methods, such as statistical methods and life cycle analysis, primarily focus on the "visible" carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. Existing carbon emission factor calculation methods typically assume that producers are responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions generated during product production, even though electricity consumption itself does not produce any carbon dioxide. In fact, the carbon dioxide emissions from power generation originate from electricity consumption, and consumers should be responsible for the carbon dioxide generated during electricity production. Understanding and analyzing carbon dioxide emissions from a consumption perspective is essential. In a power system, different loads may be powered by multiple sources. Since the carbon emission intensities of different power sources typically vary, the previously mentioned method of using only a single average carbon emission factor for corresponding carbon emission calculations is not suitable for calculating the carbon emissions of loads in a power system.

[0003] In a combined electricity market, the electricity consumed by a load is not supplied by a designated power source, and it is reasonable to assume that the load is supplied by all power sources in the network in a proportional manner. However, in a hybrid electricity market, loads traded bilaterally are supplied by a specific power source, and the corresponding carbon emissions should be directly attributed to that load. In this case, the principle of proportional sharing is no longer reasonable. Therefore, in a hybrid electricity market, a new carbon emission factor calculation method must be adopted to calculate the carbon emissions of the load.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for calculating load carbon emission factors in a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market to solve the problem of calculating load carbon emission factors in a hybrid electricity market.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for calculating load carbon emission factors in a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market, the method comprising: S10. Distinguish between bilateral transactions and joint transactions in the hybrid electricity market, decouple bilateral transactions and joint transactions and construct carbon emission calculation models separately, wherein the joint transactions cover three levels: provincial power grid, regional power grids within the province and municipal and county-level power grids within the region; S20. For bilateral transactions, calculate the carbon emissions of each bilateral transaction based on the constructed bilateral transaction model; S30. For joint venture transactions, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power shall be calculated in the order of provincial power grid, regional power grid within the province and prefecture-level and county-level power grid. S40. Combine the carbon emissions from bilateral transactions and the carbon emissions from joint transactions at all levels in joint transactions to obtain the total carbon emissions. Based on the characteristics of the electricity consumption of each level of power grid, and in conjunction with boundary conditions 7-8, calculate the carbon emission factors of power supply for provincial power grids, regional power grids within the province, and municipal and county-level power grids respectively. Among them, boundary condition 7 calculates the carbon emissions of hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation enterprises as 0 carbon emissions, and boundary condition 8 calculates the carbon emissions per unit of comprehensive power generation of thermal power generation enterprises as 0.78.

[0007] Further, in step S20, the power generation of the generator in the i-th bilateral transaction is set to... The corresponding generator carbon emission intensity is Load capacity is Neglecting network losses, assuming that power generation equals load, i.e. = This allows us to calculate the carbon emissions from bilateral transactions.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S30, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types—thermal power, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power—are calculated sequentially according to the provincial power grid, the regional power grid within the province, and the municipal and county-level power grids. Specifically: S301. Based on the power exchange model of 500kV and above main grid, considering intra-provincial power generation and consumption, inter-provincial power exchange, and grid losses, with grid losses included in regional load, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the provincial grid are calculated using the principle of power production and consumption conservation, combined with boundary conditions 1-2. Boundary condition 1 is that the unknown power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces is allocated according to the proportion of thermal, hydro, wind, and solar power generation after deducting the known power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces; boundary condition 2 is that the power generation of each type received from other provinces is known. S302. Based on the loop-breaking characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, a regional power grid power exchange model is constructed, considering the power generation and consumption within the region, the power exchange with the main grid, and grid losses. Combined with boundary conditions 3-4, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation in each regional power grid are calculated. Among them, boundary condition 3 is that the proportion of each type of power generation connected to the grid through the 500kV transformer in region i is the same as the proportion of each type of power generation ultimately consumed in the region. Boundary condition 4 is that the proportion of each type of power generation in the power from the main grid to region i through the 500kV transformer is equal to the power consumption of each type of main grid. S303. Considering the unresolved loop characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, the power supply area is divided into cities and counties with demand and those without demand. Combining boundary conditions 5-6, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the city and county-level power grids are calculated. Boundary condition 5 is that the ratio of each type of power generation injected from the non-demand area into the demand area is the same as the ratio of each type of power generation consumed by the non-demand area. Boundary condition 6 is that the ratio of each type of power generation from the main grid to the demand area is the same as the ratio of each type of power generation consumed by the entire province.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S301, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation within the provincial power grid is as follows: Based on the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption; Combining boundary conditions 1 and 2, the power generation of various types that can be absorbed by the provincial power grid is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of the four types of power generation: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. The amount of electricity generated by the main grid; The power generation of the kth type in the main grid; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; The total electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of power generation absorbed by the provincial power grid is obtained based on calculations. Finally, the proportion of power generation and carbon emissions of each type of power generation in the provincial power grid are calculated.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S302, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in the provincial regional power grid is as follows: Including network losses in regional load follows the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption. Combining boundary conditions 3 and 4, calculate the k-th type of power generation absorbed by region i. The formula is: In the formula, The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The kth type of power generation consumed by the main grid; The amount of electricity generated and consumed by the main grid; Let k be the power generation of the k-th type of power plant in region i; Calculate the k-th type of power generation absorbed by each region. The formula is: Based on the calculated power generation of each region, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions in the provincial regional power grid are calculated.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S303, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in the local municipal and county-level power grids is as follows: The power supply areas of each city and county-level power grid within the region are divided into areas to be determined. Non-demanded area Two main parts; Based on boundary conditions 5-6, calculate the region to be determined. The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed The formula is: In the formula, Region to be requested The total electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas Total power consumption; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of the four types of power generation: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. Region to be requested The power generation of the kth type of generator connected to the grid via the 500kV transformer in the central region; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This refers to the amount of electricity flowing from a non-demand region into a demand region. Region to be requested The power generation of the k-th type of power plant; Based on the calculated power generation of various types of power grids in various cities and counties, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions of the city and county-level power grids are calculated.

[0012] Further, in step S40, the carbon emission factor of the provincial power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: The formula for calculating the total carbon dioxide emissions of power generation companies is: In the formula: The amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by power generation within the regional power grid; The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation for the k-th type of power generation enterprise; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; This refers to the kth type of electricity consumed within the province. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; The formula for calculating the emission factor of provincial power grid supply is as follows: In the formula: Emission factors for power supply to provincial power grids; , These represent the fossil fuel power generation and green electricity generation absorbed by the provincial power grid, respectively. , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province.

[0013] Further, in step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply in the provincial regional power grid is calculated. Specifically: Calculate the total carbon dioxide emissions in region i The formula is: In the formula: Let k be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of power generation of the kth type of power generation enterprise in region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; The formula for calculating the power supply emission factor of each regional power grid within the province is as follows: In the formula, , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. , These represent the power generation from fossil fuels and green energy plants in region i and the provincial power grid, respectively. These are the carbon emission factors of the main grid; To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity that flows into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer.

[0014] Further, in step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply of the prefecture-level and county-level power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: Computational area Total carbon dioxide emissions The formula is: In the formula: For the region The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emissions of power generation by the kth type of power generation enterprise; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Region to be requested The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed; Computational area Power supply emission factors The formula is: In the formula, To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; For the region Total carbon dioxide emissions; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention can achieve the following technical effects: By constructing a three-tiered calculation system at the provincial, regional, and municipal levels, and employing technical approaches such as transaction decoupling, hierarchical tracking, and dynamic accounting, precise carbon flow mapping from the generation side to the consumption side has been achieved. Through eight boundary conditions and differentiated modeling, carbon emissions at different grid levels and transaction types are accurately calculated. Verification errors at the provincial, regional, and municipal levels are all controlled within 1.5%, improving carbon accounting accuracy. For non-decoupling regional power grids at 220kV and below, a power exchange calculation model is established. Using proportional allocation and power conservation methods, the comprehensive carbon emission factor of regional power supply is calculated, improving the accuracy of regional carbon emission accounting. This eliminates the need for complex power flow calculations, reducing computational complexity and improving efficiency. This facilitates widespread application in actual power grid operation, providing data support and methodological basis for grid optimization scheduling, low-carbon transformation, and the coordinated development of the power and carbon markets.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A model for calculating emission factors for power grid supply; Figure 2 This is a power exchange model under a bilateral trading pattern; Figure 3 This is a power exchange model for power grids at all levels under the joint operation and trading model. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] This invention proposes a method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market, the method comprising: S10. Distinguish between bilateral transactions and joint transactions in the hybrid electricity market, decouple bilateral transactions and joint transactions and construct carbon emission calculation models separately. Among them, joint transactions cover three levels: provincial power grid, regional power grids within the province, and municipal and county-level power grids within the region. Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the calculation data involved in the power exchange model of each level of the power grid in this invention are as follows: (1) in, Indicates the mainnet; This represents the i-th unblocked regional power grid within the province; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This represents the amount of electricity injected into region i from the main grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; This refers to the sum of electricity injected into the province's main grid from outside the province; H, S, F, and G represent four different power generation types: thermal power, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power. These represent the power generation of four types of power plants in the main grid: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. These represent the power generation of four types of power plants within region i: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. This represents the amount of electricity consumed in region i. They represent the regions to be determined. The power generation of four types of power plants: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. Representing the non-demanded regions respectively The power generation of four types of power plants: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. After removing bilateral transactions, the remaining joint-trading grids calculate the transaction volume for each grid level according to the power supply emission factor, using the following formula: (2) In the formula, PT represents the parameters under the joint venture transaction model; BT represents the parameters under the bilateral transaction model; This refers to the amount of electricity used for internet access in the area where the demand is pending. The amount of electricity to be delivered to the network in the area to be requested; This refers to the amount of electricity flowing from a non-demanding region into a demanding region.

[0022] By distinguishing between transaction and decoupling modeling, the complex accounting problems of hybrid markets and multi-level power grids are decomposed into simpler sub-problems: bilateral transactions are calculated separately, and joint transactions are calculated sequentially by level. This provides a classification basis and model foundation for the parallel implementation and separate calculation of subsequent bilateral and joint transactions.

[0023] S20. For bilateral transactions, calculate the carbon emissions of each bilateral transaction based on the constructed bilateral transaction model; In step S20, by Figure 2 According to the power exchange model, assuming that power generation equals load, and neglecting network losses, that is... = ; Let the generator's power output in the i-th bilateral transaction be... The corresponding generator carbon emission intensity is Load capacity is Further calculations yielded the carbon emissions from the bilateral transactions.

[0024] The core characteristic of bilateral transactions is direct contracts between the generation and load sides, with targeted power transmission. The power consumed by the load directly corresponds to the power generation of a specific generator. This process directly binds the power consumed by the load to the power generation of the generation side by assuming that power generation equals load loss. Then, through the calculation logic that carbon emissions equal the product of power generation and the carbon emission intensity of the generation side, a one-to-one correspondence between load, power, and carbon source is achieved. This method can directly trace the zero-carbon attribute of wind power projects, eliminating the need to allocate carbon emissions from mixed grid power, and keeping the calculation deviation within 0.1%. Furthermore, when calculating carbon emissions in bilateral transactions, only two core parameters are needed: the traded power generation and the corresponding generator's carbon emission intensity. The calculation steps are simplified from hierarchical decomposition, type proportion, and carbon emission amount to a single multiplication operation, improving calculation efficiency and making it particularly suitable for the accounting needs of high-frequency bilateral transactions in the electricity market.

[0025] S30. For joint venture transactions, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power shall be calculated in the order of provincial power grid, regional power grid within the province and prefecture-level and county-level power grid. In step S30, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types—thermal power, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power—are calculated sequentially according to the provincial power grid, the regional power grid within the province, and the municipal and county-level power grids. Specifically: S301. Based on the power exchange model of 500kV and above main grid, considering intra-provincial power generation and consumption, inter-provincial power exchange, and grid losses, with grid losses included in regional load, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the provincial grid are calculated using the principle of power production and consumption conservation, combined with boundary conditions 1-2. Boundary condition 1 is that the unknown power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces is allocated according to the proportion of thermal, hydro, wind, and solar power generation after deducting the known power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces; boundary condition 2 is that the power generation of each type received from other provinces is known. In step S301, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation within the provincial power grid is as follows: Electricity between provincial power grids is exchanged only through the 500kV and above main grid. The three main sources of carbon emissions from provincial power grids include carbon emissions from electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province, carbon emissions from electricity exchange with other provinces, and carbon emissions from grid losses. If network losses are included in the regional load, then the total electricity consumed within the province is equal to the sum of the electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province and the total electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; therefore, the calculation formulas for the total electricity consumed within the province and the electricity of each type of power generation consumed can be obtained, as shown in formula (3): (3) In the formula, This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. Electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province; The total electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of four power generation types: thermal (H), hydro (S), wind (F), and solar (G); Category k electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province; The k-th type of electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province, E, mainly includes the electricity generated by the main grid power plants, the electricity generated by power plants in various regions, and the electricity sent to other provinces. Therefore, the calculation formula for the electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province, E, is shown in formula (4): (4) In the formula: Electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province; The power generation of the kth type in the main grid; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; Category k electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; According to formula (4), the present invention first calculates the amount of electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province, and then calculates the amount of electricity received / outflowed from other areas of the provincial power grid based on the proportion of electricity generated by different types of power generation such as thermal, hydro, wind and solar power in the region to which the electricity belongs. Based on the conservation relationship between electricity production and consumption, the total power generation in a province is equal to the amount of electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province plus the amount of electricity transferred to other regional power grids, as shown in equation (5): (5) In the formula, This represents the total power generation of power plants within the province. This represents the power generation of the kth type of power plant within the province. This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; Electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province; Category k electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; Based on the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption, combined with boundary conditions 1 and 2; Therefore, the calculation formulas for various types of power generation transmitted to other provinces can be obtained, as shown in equation (6): (6) In the formula, This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; PY represents the sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; PY represents the provinces known to be transmitting various types of electricity to other provinces; P represents all provinces that transmit electricity to other provinces. This refers to the k-th type of power generation transmitted to the p-th province. To transmit the total electricity to the p-th province; To receive the k-th type of power generation from the p-th province; The total electricity received from the p-th province; As shown in equation (4), the amount of electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province is the amount of electricity generated within the province minus the amount of electricity sent to other provinces, as shown in equation (7): (7) In the formula, This represents the total power generation of power plants within the province. This represents the power generation of the kth type of power plant within the province. This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; Electricity generated within the province and consumed within the province; Category k electricity generated within the province and consumed by the province; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; The calculation formula for the various types of power generation absorbed by the provincial power grid is as follows: (8) In the formula, This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of four power generation types: thermal (H), hydro (S), wind (F), and solar (G); The amount of electricity generated by the main grid; The power generation of the kth type in the main grid; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; The total electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of power generation absorbed by the provincial power grid is obtained based on calculations. Ultimately, the proportion of power generation and carbon emissions of each type of power grid in the provincial power grid were calculated.

[0026] Provincial power grids use the 500kV and above main grid as the power exchange hub, with inter-provincial connections only through the main grid. This step precisely matches this physical rule by locking onto the 500kV main grid power exchange model, avoiding mismatch issues in calculating provincial power grids using regional grid loop-breaking logic or city-level non-loop-breaking logic. Furthermore, provincial power grid carbon emissions are divided into three main sources: intra-provincial power generation and consumption, inter-provincial exchange, and grid losses, further broken down into the contributions of four power generation types: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. This step uses the conservation of electricity production and consumption as the calculation benchmark throughout, ensuring no duplication or omission of power data through dual balance checks: total intra-provincial power generation = intra-provincial consumption + external transmission, and intra-provincial consumption = intra-provincial power generation and consumption + external transmission. This closed-loop logic ensures that the calculation of the power proportion of each power generation type is based on reliable power data, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy of subsequent carbon emission calculations—avoiding inflated or understated carbon emissions due to power imbalances.

[0027] S302. Based on the loop-breaking characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, a regional power grid power exchange model is constructed, considering the power generation and consumption within the region, the power exchange with the main grid, and grid losses. Combined with boundary conditions 3-4, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation in each regional power grid are calculated. Among them, boundary condition 3 is that the proportion of each type of power generation connected to the grid through the 500kV transformer in region i is the same as the proportion of each type of power generation ultimately consumed in the region. Boundary condition 4 is that the proportion of each type of power generation in the power from the main grid to region i through the 500kV transformer is equal to the power consumption of each type of main grid. In step S302, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in the provincial regional power grid is as follows: Similar to inter-provincial carbon emission sources, the three sources of regional carbon emissions are carbon emissions from electricity generated within the region and consumed within the region, carbon emissions from electricity supplied to the main grid within the region, and carbon emissions from grid losses. Similarly, by including network losses in the regional load, we can obtain the calculation formulas for the total electricity consumed in the region and the generation of each type of electricity in the consumed electricity, as shown in equation (9): (9) In the formula, The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The k-th type of power generation in region i is generated via a 500kV transformer. The provincial regional power grid still follows the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption, and the total power generation and the power generation of each type within the region are obtained by the following formula: (10) In the formula, The total power generation of power plants within region i; Let k be the power generation of the k-th type of power plant in region i; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The k-th type of electricity generated in region i and connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Combining equations (9) and (10), and incorporating network losses into the regional load, and following the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption, we obtain the total electricity consumed within the region and the generation of each type of electricity within that consumed electricity, as shown in the following formula: (11) In the formula, The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; The total power generation of power plants within region i; Let k be the power generation of the k-th type of power plant in region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. The k-th type of power generation in region i is generated via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The k-th type of electricity generated in region i and connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Depend on Figure 3 As shown in the power exchange model, the power grids in different regions of the province are de-looped, and the power is exchanged only through 500kV transformers. Therefore, the power exchange between regional power grids is divided into power that is fed into the grid via 500kV transformers and power that is sent out of the grid. The calculations based on the on-grid power volume of various types of 500kV transformers are as follows: Since the on-grid electricity generated by each region through the 500kV transformer is only related to its own region, in order to calculate the on-grid electricity of each region; From boundary condition 3, we know that, since, the final proportion of each type of electricity absorbed by region i is: The calculation formulas for various types of electricity generated in region i via a 500kV transformer are shown in equation (12): (12) In the formula, The k-th type of electricity generated in region i and connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The calculations based on the power output of various types of 500kV transformers are as follows: Since the electricity discharged from the grid through the 500kV transformer in each region is only related to the main grid, in order to calculate the electricity discharged from the grid in each region; From boundary condition 4, the calculation formulas for various types of power generation after passing through a 500kV transformer are shown in equation (13): (13) In the formula, This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. The k-th type of power generation in region i is generated via a 500kV transformer. The kth type of power generation consumed by the main grid; The amount of electricity generated and consumed by the main grid; Since the power supply emission factor of each regional power grid of the provincial power company is only related to the electricity consumption of its region, the kth type of power generation consumed by region i is calculated by combining boundary conditions 3 and 4. The formula is: (14) In the formula, The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The kth type of power generation consumed by the main grid; The amount of electricity generated and consumed by the main grid; Let k be the power generation of the k-th type of power plant in region i; Calculate the k-th type of power generation absorbed by each region. The formula is: (15) Based on the calculated power generation of each region, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions in the provincial regional power grid are calculated.

[0028] The core operating rule of regional power grids (220kV and below) is independent operation with no direct power exchange between regions. They only interact with the provincial main grid via 500kV transformers for grid connection / disconnection. By constructing a power exchange model that only relates to the main grid, it is clarified that the source of regional power is only local generation and consumption + power disconnected from the main grid, and the destination is only local consumption + power connected to the main grid. This completely avoids the cross-counting error of mistakenly including power from other regions in the calculation of this region, and solves the mismatch problem of traditional methods using provincial interconnection logic to calculate regional unconnected power grids. Furthermore, this step continues the core logic of power production and consumption conservation. Through dual balance checks of total regional power generation = local consumption + power connected to the main grid, and total regional consumption = local generation and consumption + power disconnected from the main grid, a regional-level power closed loop is constructed. This closed-loop design, through the difference between local power generation and grid-connected power, can accurately lock the basic power consumption for local consumption. Combined with power disconnected from the main grid, it can fully cover all regional consumption needs. The reliability of the power data directly ensures the accuracy of subsequent carbon emission calculations.

[0029] Boundary condition 3 defines the allocation of grid-connected electricity according to the regional consumption ratio, which makes full use of the fact that the regional grid-connected electricity originates from local power generation and its type structure is highly correlated with the local consumption structure. It does not need to rely on the main grid's detailed ledger of regional grid-connected electricity, but can directly infer it from the type ratio of the region's own consumption, which simplifies the calculation and is more in line with reality. Boundary condition 4 defines the allocation of offline electricity according to the main grid consumption ratio, which directly reuses the provincial main grid's various types of consumption data output by S301 as the basis for offline electricity type, realizing the linkage between provincial and regional data, avoiding subjective estimation errors of offline electricity type. The combination of the two completely solves the bottleneck of difficulty in defining the type of electricity exchanged between grids, making regional accounting accurate and calculable.

[0030] S303. Considering the unresolved loop characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, the power supply area is divided into cities and counties with demand and those without demand. Combining boundary conditions 5-6, the degree of grid coupling is reduced and redundant calculations are avoided. The power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the city and county-level power grids are calculated. Among them, boundary condition 5 is that the proportion of each type of power generation injected from the non-demand area into the demand area is the same as the proportion of each type of power generation consumed by the non-demand area; boundary condition 6 is that the proportion of each type of power generation from the main grid to the demand area is the same as the proportion of each type of power generation consumed by the entire province.

[0031] In step S303, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in various city and county-level power grids is as follows: Depend on Figure 3 It is known that when obtaining relevant parameters of the municipal and county power grids, since the 220kV and below power grids at the municipal and county levels cannot be de-looped, in order to prevent duplicate calculations and reduce the coupling degree between the municipal and county power grids, the power supply areas of each municipal and county power grid in the region are now divided into areas to be determined. Non-demanded area Two main parts; Calculate the region to be calculated The kth type of power generation electricity consumed The formula is as follows: (16) In the formula, Region to be requested The power generation of the k-th type of power plant; Region to be requested The power generation of the kth type of generator connected to the grid via the 500kV transformer in the central region; Non-demanding region Flow into the area in demand The sum of the electricity generated by the kth type of power generation; Region to be requested The k-th type of power generation electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas The sum of the electricity generated by the kth type of power generation.

[0032] because Only with non-demanded areas Regarding this, assuming boundary condition 5 is satisfied, then... It can be calculated using equation (13): (17) In the formula, Non-demanding region Total electricity consumed; Non-demanding region The kth type of electricity consumed; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed; Region to be requested The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This refers to the amount of electricity flowing from a non-demand region into a demand region. because , Only with the area in question Related, assumption , and the area to be sought If the proportion of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation is the same, then the formula is: (18) In the formula, Region to be requested The total electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas Total power consumption; Region to be requested The k-th type of power generation electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas The sum of the electricity generated by the kth type of power generation; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed; Region to be requested The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed; because Only related to the mainnet, assuming boundary condition 6 is satisfied, then The calculation formula is: (19) In the formula, Region to be requested The power generation of the kth type of generator connected to the grid via the 500kV transformer in the central region; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of four power generation types: thermal (H), hydro (S), wind (F), and solar (G); Substituting equations (13), (14), and (15) into equation (12), we get: (20) Based on boundary conditions 5-6, calculate the region to be determined. The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed The formula is: (twenty one) In the formula, Region to be requested The total electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas Total power consumption; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of four power generation types: thermal (H), hydro (S), wind (F), and solar (G); Region to be requested The power generation of the kth type of generator connected to the grid via the 500kV transformer in the central region; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This refers to the amount of electricity flowing from a non-demand region into a demand region. Region to be requested The power generation of the k-th type of power plant; Based on the calculated power generation of various types of power grids in various cities and counties, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions of the city and county-level power grids were calculated.

[0033] By dividing cities and counties into those requiring electricity and those not, the complex network coupling relationship is simplified into a unidirectional interaction logic between the areas requiring electricity and those not. The electricity consumption of the areas requiring electricity is only related to the sum of the electricity consumption of the areas not requiring electricity and the main grid, eliminating the need to handle the cross-relationships between multiple cities and counties. This effectively severs the overly coupled power grid structure at the accounting boundary. This simplified design directly addresses the core obstacle of grassroots accounting, making the electricity consumption of cities and counties, which was originally impossible to separate, calculable and controllable, reducing errors from repeated calculations.

[0034] Boundary condition 5 stipulates that the proportion of electricity types injected from non-demand areas into demand areas equals the self-consumption ratio of non-demand areas. This fully utilizes the electricity structure of non-demand areas, which has already been clarified through regional-level accounting S302, avoiding arbitrary inference of interactive electricity types. Boundary condition 6 clarifies that the proportion of electricity types transferred from the main grid to demand areas equals the province-wide consumption ratio, directly reusing the provincial core data output by S301 to achieve data consistency from the provincial level to cities and counties. Both boundary conditions are based on existing reliable data, upgrading the breakdown of electricity generation types in cities and counties from experience-based estimation to data-driven analysis, significantly improving the reliability of the accounting results.

[0035] S40. Combine the carbon emissions from bilateral transactions and the carbon emissions from joint transactions at all levels in joint transactions to obtain the total carbon emissions. Based on the characteristics of the electricity consumption of each level of power grid, and combined with boundary conditions 7-8, calculate the power supply carbon emission factors of provincial power grid, regional power grid within the province, and prefecture-level and county-level power grid respectively.

[0036] Boundary condition 7 assumes that power generation by hydropower, wind power, and solar power plants is calculated as zero carbon emissions; boundary condition 8 assumes that carbon emissions per unit of comprehensive power generation by thermal power plants are calculated as 0.78 tCO2 / MWh.

[0037] In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the provincial power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: The formula for calculating the total carbon dioxide emissions of power generation companies is: (twenty two) In the formula: The amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by power generation within the regional power grid is expressed in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2). The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation for the kth type of power generation enterprise is expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). Let be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). This refers to the kth type of electricity consumed within the province. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; The formula for calculating the emission factor of provincial power grid supply is as follows: (twenty three) In the formula: The emission factor for power supply from the provincial power grid is expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). , These represent the fossil fuel power generation and green electricity generation absorbed by the provincial power grid, respectively. , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). This represents the total electricity consumed within the province.

[0038] In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply in the provincial regional power grid is calculated. Specifically: Calculate the total carbon dioxide emissions in region i The formula is: (twenty four) In the formula: Let represent the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of power generation of the kth type of power generation enterprise in region i, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; (25) In the formula, , These are the carbon emission factors for region i and the main grid, respectively; , These represent the power generation from fossil fuels and green energy plants in region i and the provincial power grid, respectively. Let be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). The formula for obtaining the power supply emission factor of each regional power grid within the province by rearranging terms is as follows: (26) In the formula, , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. , These represent the power generation from fossil fuels and green energy plants in region i and the provincial power grid, respectively. These are the carbon emission factors of the main grid; To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity that flows into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer.

[0039] In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply of the prefecture-level and county-level power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: Computational area Total carbon dioxide emissions The formula is: (27) In the formula: For the region The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emissions of power generation of the k-th type of power generation enterprise, in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). Let be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh). To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Region to be requested The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed; Computational area Power supply emission factors The formula is: (28) In the formula, To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; For the region Total carbon dioxide emissions; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed.

[0040] By merging carbon emissions from bilateral and joint transactions, total carbon emissions from the mixed market are statistically analyzed. Whether it's green / thermal power directly traded between the generation and load sides, or public electricity allocated through the grid, carbon emissions are all included in a unified accounting framework. This comprehensive coverage not only provides power market regulators with macro-level data on the overall carbon reduction effectiveness of the market, such as the total carbon emissions and reduction potential of a province's mixed power market, but also supports the calculation of the overall market's carbon emission intensity, providing a core basis for setting regional power carbon peaking targets. The calculation of each factor is based on the corresponding level's absorbed electricity volume. For example, the provincial factor is based on the provincial total absorbed electricity volume in S301, and the city / county factor is based on the city / county total absorbed electricity volume in S303, combined with the carbon emission intensity specified in boundary conditions 7-8 (0.78 tCO2 / MWh for thermal power and 0 for green power), avoiding errors caused by "using a unified factor to calculate all levels." Furthermore, the provincial factor focuses on macro-level supervision, the regional factor on dispatch optimization, and the city / county factor on grassroots implementation; the different levels of factor output precision meet the application scenarios of different levels.

[0041] This invention proposes a multi-level power grid carbon emission transfer and accounting method. By constructing a three-tiered calculation system at the provincial, regional, and municipal levels, and employing a technical approach of transaction decoupling, hierarchical tracking, and dynamic accounting, it achieves precise carbon flow mapping from the generation side to the consumption side. Through eight boundary conditions and differentiated modeling, it accurately calculates carbon emissions at different power grid levels and transaction types. Verification errors at the provincial, regional, and municipal levels are all controlled within 1.5%, improving carbon accounting accuracy. For non-decoupling regional power grids at 220kV and below, a power exchange calculation model is established. Using proportional allocation and power conservation methods, it calculates the comprehensive carbon emission factor of regional power supply, improving the accuracy of regional carbon emission accounting. This eliminates the need for complex power flow calculations, reducing computational complexity and improving efficiency. It facilitates application in actual power grid operation, providing data support and methodological basis for power grid optimization scheduling, low-carbon transformation, and the coordinated development of the power and carbon markets.

[0042] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined herein, and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market, characterized in that, The method includes: S10. Distinguish between bilateral transactions and joint transactions in the hybrid electricity market, decouple bilateral transactions and joint transactions and construct carbon emission calculation models separately, wherein the joint transactions cover three levels: provincial power grid, regional power grids within the province and municipal and county-level power grids within the region; S20. For bilateral transactions, calculate the carbon emissions of each bilateral transaction based on the constructed bilateral transaction model; S30. For joint venture transactions, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types of thermal power, hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power shall be calculated in the order of provincial power grid, regional power grid within the province and prefecture-level and county-level power grid. S40. Combine the carbon emissions from bilateral transactions and the carbon emissions from joint transactions at all levels in joint transactions to obtain the total carbon emissions. Based on the characteristics of the electricity consumption of each level of power grid, and in conjunction with boundary conditions 7-8, calculate the carbon emission factors of power supply for provincial power grids, regional power grids within the province, and municipal and county-level power grids respectively. Among them, boundary condition 7 calculates the carbon emissions of hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation enterprises as 0 carbon emissions, and boundary condition 8 calculates the carbon emissions per unit of comprehensive power generation of thermal power generation enterprises as 0.

78.

2. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S20, the power generation of the generator in the i-th bilateral transaction is set to... The corresponding generator carbon emission intensity is Load capacity is Neglecting network losses, assuming that power generation equals load, i.e. = This allows us to calculate the carbon emissions from bilateral transactions.

3. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of the four power generation types—thermal power, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power—are calculated sequentially according to the provincial power grid, the regional power grid within the province, and the municipal and county-level power grids. Specifically: S301. Based on the power exchange model of 500kV and above main grid, considering intra-provincial power generation and consumption, inter-provincial power exchange, and grid losses, with grid losses included in regional load, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the provincial grid are calculated using the principle of power production and consumption conservation, combined with boundary conditions 1-2. Boundary condition 1 is that the unknown power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces is allocated according to the proportion of thermal, hydro, wind, and solar power generation after deducting the known power generation of each type transmitted to other provinces; boundary condition 2 is that the power generation of each type received from other provinces is known. S302. Based on the loop-breaking characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, a regional power grid power exchange model is constructed, considering the power generation and consumption within the region, the power exchange with the main grid, and grid losses. Combined with boundary conditions 3-4, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation in each regional power grid are calculated. Among them, boundary condition 3 is that the proportion of each type of power generation connected to the grid through the 500kV transformer in region i is the same as the proportion of each type of power generation ultimately consumed in the region. Boundary condition 4 is that the proportion of each type of power generation in the power from the main grid to region i through the 500kV transformer is equal to the power consumption of each type of main grid. S303. Considering the unresolved loop characteristics of 220kV and below power grids, the power supply area is divided into cities and counties with demand and those without demand. Combining boundary conditions 5-6, the power generation ratio and carbon emissions of each type of power generation within the city and county-level power grids are calculated. Boundary condition 5 is that the ratio of each type of power generation injected from the non-demand area into the demand area is the same as the ratio of each type of power generation consumed by the non-demand area. Boundary condition 6 is that the ratio of each type of power generation from the main grid to the demand area is the same as the ratio of each type of power generation consumed by the entire province.

4. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S301, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation within the provincial power grid is as follows: Based on the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption; Combining boundary conditions 1 and 2, the power generation of various types that can be absorbed by the provincial power grid is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of the four types of power generation: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. The amount of electricity generated by the main grid; The power generation of the kth type in the main grid; The amount of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; The k-th type of electricity generated within region i and consumed by this region; This refers to the k-th type of electricity transmitted to the main power grid of other provinces; The sum of electricity flowing from the main grid to other provinces; The total electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of electricity received by the main grid from other provinces; The k-th type of power generation absorbed by the provincial power grid is obtained based on calculations. Finally, the proportion of power generation and carbon emissions of each type of power generation in the provincial power grid are calculated.

5. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S302, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in the provincial regional power grid is as follows: Including network losses in regional load follows the principle of conservation of electricity production and consumption. Combining boundary conditions 3 and 4, calculate the k-th type of power generation absorbed by region i. The formula is: In the formula, The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity fed into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer. The kth type of power generation consumed by the main grid; The amount of electricity generated and consumed by the main grid; Let k be the power generation of the k-th type of power plant in region i; Calculate the k-th type of power generation absorbed by each region. The formula is: Based on the calculated power generation of each region, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions in the provincial regional power grid are calculated.

6. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S303, the calculation process for the proportion of each type of power generation in the local municipal and county-level power grids is as follows: The power supply areas of each city and county-level power grid within the region are divided into areas to be determined. Non-demanded area Two main parts; Based on boundary conditions 5-6, calculate the region to be determined. The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed The formula is: In the formula, Region to be requested The total electricity transmitted to the grid via a 500kV transformer; Region to be requested Flowing out to non-demanded areas Total power consumption; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province. The kth type of electricity consumed within the province, where k is one of the four types of power generation: thermal, hydro, wind, and solar. Region to be requested The power generation of the kth type of generator connected to the grid via the 500kV transformer in the central region; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; This refers to the amount of electricity flowing from a non-demand region into a demand region. Region to be requested The power generation of the k-th type of power plant; Based on the calculated power generation of various types of power grids in various cities and counties, the proportion of each type of power generation and carbon emissions of the city and county-level power grids are calculated.

7. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the provincial power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: The formula for calculating the total carbon dioxide emissions of power generation companies is: In the formula: The amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by power generation within the regional power grid; The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation for the k-th type of power generation enterprise; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; This refers to the kth type of electricity consumed within the province. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; The formula for calculating the emission factor of provincial power grid supply is as follows: In the formula: Emission factor for power supply to provincial power grid; , These represent the fossil fuel power generation and green electricity generation absorbed by the provincial power grid, respectively. , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; This represents the total electricity consumed within the province.

8. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply in the provincial regional power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: Calculate the total carbon dioxide emissions in region i The formula is: In the formula: Let k be the comprehensive carbon dioxide emission intensity per unit of power generation of the kth type of power generation enterprise in region i; Let k be the type of electricity generated within region i; The formula for calculating the power supply emission factor of each regional power grid within the province is as follows: In the formula, , These are the carbon emission intensity of fossil fuels and green power plants in provincial power grids, respectively. , These represent the power generation from fossil fuels and green energy plants in region i and the provincial power grid, respectively. These are the carbon emission factors of the main grid; To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; The total amount of electricity consumed within region i; This represents the total electricity generated in region i that is connected to the grid via a 500kV transformer. This represents the amount of electricity that flows into the main grid from region i via a 500kV transformer.

9. The method for calculating load carbon emission factors under a multi-tiered hybrid electricity market according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S40, the carbon emission factor of the power supply of the prefecture-level and county-level power grid is calculated, specifically as follows: Computational area Total carbon dioxide emissions The formula is: In the formula: For the region The unit comprehensive carbon dioxide emissions of power generation by the kth type of power generation enterprise; Let m be the combined carbon dioxide emission intensity of power generation by the power generation enterprise in the m-th bilateral transaction; To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; Region to be requested The amount of electricity generated by the kth type of power generation consumed; Computational area Power supply emission factors The formula is: In the formula, To calculate the electricity consumed in the m-th bilateral transaction within the region; For the region Total carbon dioxide emissions; Region to be requested Total electricity consumed.

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