A method for breeding alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of saline-alkali soil alfalfa seed breeding method, the first year of sowing is not collected seed, main purpose is to carry out the establishment and seedling protection of alfalfa seed field, from the second to fourth year of sowing, by controlling the irrigation amount of different growth periods of alfalfa, the seed yield of alfalfa can be effectively improved.The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional alfalfa seed production method in Hexi Corridor region, the alfalfa seed yield is increased by more than 100% after using the method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop breeding technology, specifically a method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] alfalfa ( Medicago sativa Alfalfa is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the legume family, renowned for its rich nutrition and palatability, and widely cultivated globally, earning it the title of "King of Forage." Therefore, ensuring a stable supply of high-quality, high-yield alfalfa seeds is of great significance for the high-quality development of my country's livestock industry. In recent years, the rapid growth in demand for dairy and meat has driven the continuous expansion of the livestock industry, leading to a sustained increase in market demand for high-quality forages such as alfalfa. However, my country has long relied on imports for high-quality alfalfa, and the problem of tight seed supply has become increasingly prominent, becoming one of the main bottlenecks restricting the upgrading of the livestock industry.

[0003] Located in the inland northwest of my country, the Hexi Corridor region of Gansu Province is characterized by drought, abundant sunshine, and significant diurnal temperature variations, making it an important seed production area with favorable natural conditions. However, the region suffers from scarce rainfall, high evaporation rates, and high soil salinity, resulting in widespread salinization that severely impacts alfalfa seed production. Currently, local alfalfa seed yield is only 450-600 kg per hectare, far lower than that of developed countries like the United States, and even less than half of their levels. While large-scale irrigation can temporarily alleviate soil salinization, it can lead to excessive vegetative growth, which is detrimental to flowering and fruiting, further affecting seed production. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically regulate irrigation according to different growth stages of alfalfa, combined with other management measures, to construct an alfalfa seed production technology system adapted to the saline-alkali environment of the Hexi Corridor. This will not only help alleviate the predicament of low alfalfa seed production efficiency and insufficient supply in my country from the source, but also play an important role in promoting the sustainable development of the forage seed industry and animal husbandry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for breeding alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land, so as to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land, which has the following technical features: the alfalfa seeds are not harvested in the first year after sowing, and harvesting begins from the second to fourth year after sowing.

[0006] Furthermore, a method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land includes the following steps: S1. After selecting a site for the saline-alkali land, prepare the land and then sow alfalfa seeds. S2. Conduct field management for the first year after sowing; S3. After the first year of alfalfa growth cycle is completed, it will not be harvested for seed, and field management will begin in the second to fourth years; S4. Field management of the plots in the 2nd to 4th year after sowing; S5. When 80-90% of the pods of the alfalfa crop in the 2nd to 4th year have turned brown, the alfalfa seeds are considered mature and harvested.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, when selecting a site, the selected saline-alkali land plot is one that is flat and open, has sufficient sunlight, deep soil, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, during land preparation, the selected plot is sequentially treated with base fertilizer, deep plowing, shallow harrowing, light raking, and mulching. Among them, the base fertilizer applied is monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of monoammonium phosphate is 225~300 kg / hm. 2 Potassium fertilizer application rate is 75~105 kg / hm. 2 ; When applying the mulch film, the mulch film used is black, and after the mulch film is covered with soil on both sides, the width of the mulch film exposed is 1.2~1.4m.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the sowing time is from mid-July to the end of July, and the sowing rate is 2.5-3 kg / hm². 2 Sow 6-8 seeds per hole, with a plant spacing of 20cm, a row spacing of 60cm, and a sowing depth of 1-2cm.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the field management in the first year includes irrigation and topdressing; Irrigation times are after sowing, two weeks after emergence, and late October in winter; the irrigation amount is 100-130 mm after sowing and two weeks after emergence, and 225-270 mm in late October in winter. Topdressing should be applied two weeks after emergence, using urea at a rate of 70-80 kg / hm². 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, field management in the 2nd to 4th years includes removing the mulch film, irrigation, topdressing, and foliar fertilizer application; The irrigation times are as follows: alfalfa branching stage, initial flowering stage, and late October in winter. The irrigation amount during the branching stage is 110-140 mm, during the initial flowering stage it is 190-210 mm, and during winter it is 225-270 mm. Topdressing should be applied at the branching stage and the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. During the branching stage, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and potassium fertilizer should be applied, with MAP applied at a rate of 200-250 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 Top dressing during the initial flowering stage consists of monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, with the amount of monoammonium phosphate applied at 140-160 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 ; Foliar fertilizer should be applied from the peak flowering period of alfalfa to the early pod-setting stage. Apply foliar fertilizer once every 10 days after the start of peak flowering, for a total of 3 applications. The foliar fertilizer includes boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea. The specific dosage for each application is 0.7-0.8 kg / hm² of boron fertilizer. 2 Zinc fertilizer 0.7~0.8 kg / hm 2 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7~0.8 kg / hm 2 Urea 3~4 kg / hm 2 .

[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, field management in the second to fourth years also includes weed control and pest and disease control; Weed control should be implemented during the branching and budding stages; the herbicide used during the branching stage is imidacloprid, at a rate of 5-6 kg / hm². 2 The herbicide used during the budding stage is haloxyfop-methyl, at a rate of 2-3 kg / hm². 2 ; Pest and disease control should be carried out during the branching stage, budding stage, and early flowering stage; among them, the insecticide used during the branching stage is high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane, with a dosage of 1.5~1.8 kg / hm. 2 The insecticides used during the budding and early flowering stages were both high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane and acetamiprid, with the dosage of high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane being 2-3 kg / hm². 2 The dosage of acetamiprid is 0.5~0.7 kg / hm. 2 .

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention does not harvest seeds in the first year after sowing, primarily for establishing and maintaining alfalfa seed fields. From the second to fourth year after sowing, by controlling irrigation amounts at different growth stages of alfalfa, seed yield can be effectively increased. Years of experimental results show that, compared to traditional alfalfa seed production methods in the Hexi Corridor region, the method described in this invention increases alfalfa seed yield by over 100%. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0015] The term "potassium fertilizer" as used in this invention can refer to any fertilizer containing potassium, the term "boron fertilizer" as used in this invention can refer to any fertilizer containing boron, and the term "zinc fertilizer" as used in this invention can refer to any fertilizer containing zinc. Those skilled in the art will understand that the sources of the aforementioned "potassium fertilizer," "boron fertilizer," and "zinc fertilizer" are not limited in any way and can be obtained from any possible route, either directly from commercial sources or prepared using existing technical methods. According to embodiments of the present invention, the aforementioned "potassium fertilizer," "boron fertilizer," and "zinc fertilizer" can be directly obtained from commercial sources.

[0016] Example 1. A method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: S1. The experimental plot is located in Shangba Town, Suzhou District, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. It is a 50-mu plot with flat and open terrain, sufficient sunlight, deep soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, easy isolation, relatively concentrated and contiguous, and the previous crop was a gramineous crop. The method described in this invention is used to produce alfalfa seeds. Before sowing, the selected plots were successively treated with base fertilizer, deep plowing, shallow harrowing, light raking, and mulching. The base fertilizer consisted of monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, with monoammonium phosphate applied at a rate of 250 kg / hm². 2 Potassium fertilizer application rate is 90 kg / hm² 2 Use rotary tillers, harrows and other machines to deep till, shallow harrow and lightly harrow the selected plots, with a tillage depth of 20-30 cm; use a mulching machine to lay mulch film on the selected plots, using 1.4 m wide black mulch film, with the mulch film width of 1.2 m after covering the sides with soil, and the spacing between the mulch films is 60 cm. Sowing then takes place in late July, using hill sowing with 6-8 seeds per hill at a rate of 2.75 kg / hm². 2 The sowing plant spacing is 20 cm, the sowing row spacing is 60 cm, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm; S2. First year field management; Irrigate once after sowing, once two weeks after emergence, and once in late October (winter). The irrigation amounts are 120 mm after sowing and two weeks after emergence, and 250 mm in winter. Apply urea at a rate of 75 kg / hm² two weeks after emergence. 2 ; S3. After the first year of alfalfa growth cycle is completed, it will not be harvested for seed, and field management will begin in the second to fourth years; S4. Field management in the 2nd to 4th years; After removing the mulch in late March of the second year, the plot was lightly harrowed to a depth of 4 cm. From the second to the fourth year, irrigation was applied once each during the alfalfa branching stage, the initial flowering stage, and late October (winter). The irrigation amount was 120 mm during the branching stage, 200 mm during the initial flowering stage, and 250 mm in winter. Topdressing was also applied once each during the alfalfa branching and initial flowering stages from the second to the fourth year. The topdressing applied during the branching stage consisted of monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, with monoammonium phosphate applied at a rate of 225 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 60 kg / hm². 2 Top dressing during the initial flowering stage consists of monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, with a dosage of 150 kg / hm² for monoammonium phosphate. 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 60 kg / hm². 2 In the second to fourth year, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed three times during the peak flowering period of alfalfa to the early pod-setting stage. After the peak flowering period begins, spray once every 10 days. The foliar fertilizer includes boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea. The specific dosage for each application is 0.75 kg / hm² of boron fertilizer. 2 Zinc fertilizer 0.75 kg / hm 2 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.75 kg / hm 2 urea 3.75 kg / hm 2 In the second to fourth years, weed control is carried out during the branching and budding stages of alfalfa. The herbicide used during the branching stage is imidacloprid (5%) at a rate of 5.5 kg / hm. 2 The herbicide used during the budding stage is haloxyfop-R-methyl, at a rate of 2.5 kg / hm². 2 In the second to fourth year, pest control should be carried out during the branching, budding, and initial flowering stages of alfalfa. The insecticide used during the branching stage should be a high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane (HCl) at a rate of 1.6 kg / hm². 2 The insecticides used during the budding and early flowering stages were both high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane and acetamiprid, with the dosage of high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane at 2.5 kg / hm². 2 The dosage of acetamiprid was 0.6 kg / hm. 2 As one feasible method, foliar fertilizer, herbicide, and insecticide should be sprayed on a sunny, windless, and rainless day before 9:00 AM or after 5:00 PM, at a dosage of 1000 L / hm². 2 ; S5. When 80-90% of the green pods of alfalfa turn brown in the second to fourth year, seed harvesting begins. First, a harvester is used to harvest, rid, and dry the alfalfa. After it dries naturally, a picker is used to perform a rough selection in the field. Then, the alfalfa seeds are taken back to the drying yard for further drying, selection, packaging, and storage.

[0017] Comparative Example 1. A method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Compared with Example 1, this comparative example has the following changes; S1. Before sowing, the selected plots should be deeply plowed; sowing should be carried out in mid-to-late July using hill sowing, with a seeding rate of 3 kg / hm². 2 The sowing spacing is 20 cm between plants and 60 cm between rows, with a sowing depth of 1-2 cm. Before sowing, apply monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, with monoammonium phosphate at a rate of 300 kg / hm². 2 Potassium fertilizer application rate is 90 kg / hm² 2 ; S2. Field management in the first year: Irrigate after sowing, with an irrigation amount of 150 mm; S3. After the first year of alfalfa growth cycle is completed, it will not be harvested for seed, and field management will begin in the second to fourth years; S4. Field management in the 2nd to 4th years; Irrigation was carried out during the alfalfa greening and budding stages, with an irrigation amount of 150 mm each time; topdressing was also carried out during the alfalfa greening and budding stages, using monoammonium phosphate at an application rate of 180 kg / hm for both stages. 2 Weed control was carried out during the budding stage of alfalfa, using haloxyfop-R-methyl at a rate of 2.5 kg / hm². 2 ; S5. When 80-90% of the green pods of alfalfa turn brown in the second to fourth year, seed harvesting begins. First, a harvester is used to harvest, rid, and dry the alfalfa. After it dries naturally, a picker is used to perform a rough selection in the field. Then, the alfalfa seeds are taken back to the drying yard for further drying, selection, packaging, and storage.

[0018] The alfalfa flower seed yield, yield components and plant height of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were tested and statistically analyzed in the 2nd to 4th years of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively; the statistical results are shown in the table below.

[0019] Note: In the table, the treatment group represents the alfalfa seed production method described in this invention, and the control group represents the traditional alfalfa seed production method in the Hexi Corridor region. Different letters indicate that the difference in this trait between the treatment group and the control group in the same year is significant (P < 0.05).

[0020] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The alfalfa seeds are not harvested in the first year after sowing, and harvesting begins from the second to fourth year after sowing.

2. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After selecting a site for the saline-alkali land, prepare the land and then sow alfalfa seeds. S2. Conduct field management for the first year after sowing; S3. After the first year of alfalfa growth cycle is completed, it will not be harvested for seed, and field management will begin in the second to fourth years; S4. Field management of the plots in the 2nd to 4th year after sowing; S5. When 80-90% of the pods of the alfalfa crop in the 2nd to 4th year have turned brown, the alfalfa seeds are considered mature and harvested.

3. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, when selecting a site, the selected saline-alkali land plot is one that is flat and open, with sufficient sunlight, deep soil, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

4. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, during land preparation, the selected plots are sequentially treated with base fertilizer, deep plowing, shallow harrowing, light raking, and mulching. Among them, the base fertilizer applied is monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of monoammonium phosphate is 225~300 kg / hm. 2 Potassium fertilizer application rate is 75~105 kg / hm. 2 ; When applying the mulch film, the mulch film used is black, and after the mulch film is covered with soil on both sides, the width of the mulch film exposed is 1.2~1.4m.

5. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the sowing time is from mid-July to the end of July, and the sowing rate is 2.5-3 kg / hm. 2 Sow 6-8 seeds per hole, with a plant spacing of 20cm, a row spacing of 60cm, and a sowing depth of 1-2cm.

6. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the field management in the first year includes irrigation and topdressing; Irrigation times are after sowing, two weeks after emergence, and late October in winter; the irrigation amount is 100-130 mm after sowing and two weeks after emergence, and 225-270 mm in late October in winter. Topdressing should be applied two weeks after emergence, using urea at a rate of 70-80 kg / hm². 2 .

7. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, field management in the 2nd to 4th years includes removing the plastic film, irrigation, topdressing, and applying foliar fertilizer; The irrigation times are as follows: alfalfa branching stage, initial flowering stage, and late October in winter. The irrigation amount during the branching stage is 110-140 mm, during the initial flowering stage it is 190-210 mm, and during winter it is 225-270 mm. Topdressing should be applied at the branching stage and the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. During the branching stage, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and potassium fertilizer should be applied, with MAP applied at a rate of 200-250 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 Top dressing during the initial flowering stage consists of monoammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer, with the amount of monoammonium phosphate applied at 140-160 kg / hm². 2 The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 ; Foliar fertilizer should be applied from the peak flowering period of alfalfa to the early pod-setting stage. Apply foliar fertilizer once every 10 days after the start of peak flowering, for a total of 3 applications. The foliar fertilizer includes boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea. The specific dosage for each application is 0.7-0.8 kg / hm² of boron fertilizer. 2 Zinc fertilizer 0.7~0.8 kg / hm 2 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7~0.8 kg / hm 2 Urea 3~4 kg / hm 2 .

8. The method for propagating alfalfa seeds in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, field management in the second to fourth years also includes weed control and pest and disease control; Weed control should be implemented during the branching and budding stages; the herbicide used during the branching stage is imidacloprid, at a rate of 5-6 kg / hm². 2 The herbicide used during the budding stage is haloxyfop-methyl, at a rate of 2-3 kg / hm². 2 ; Pest and disease control should be carried out during the branching stage, budding stage, and early flowering stage; among them, the insecticide used during the branching stage is high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane, with a dosage of 1.5~1.8 kg / hm. 2 The insecticides used during the budding and early flowering stages were both high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane and acetamiprid, with the dosage of high-efficiency chlorinated polyurethane being 2-3 kg / hm². 2 The dosage of acetamiprid is 0.5~0.7 kg / hm. 2 .

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