Liquid fertilizer ready-to-use agricultural chemical formulation

Abstract

Disclosed are agrochemical compositions for ready-to-use (LFR) liquid fertilizers containing corn steep liquor. These compositions contain agrochemical active ingredients, dispersants, liquid fertilizer compatibility agents containing corn steep liquor, freeze-thaw stabilizers, and optionally preservatives.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 594,496, filed October 31, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure pertains to the field of agrochemical compositions and formulations. Specifically, this disclosure includes a liquid fertilizer ready-to-use (LFR) agrochemical composition comprising corn steep liquor. Background Technology

[0003] To efficiently eliminate or control unwanted insects while providing plants with nutrients to combat adverse environmental conditions (such as heat, drought, and physical contact with animals), it is desirable to formulate an effective agrochemical composition for preparing liquid agricultural fertilizers. Formulations combining agrochemical compositions and fertilizers are desirable in agriculture and related fields because they offer multiple benefits with a single application in a single facility. A single application of such a combination or formulation provides nutrients for plant growth while eliminating or controlling unwanted insects or fungi that can negatively impact the health and vitality of the desired plants.

[0004] Mixtures containing insecticide compositions and liquid fertilizers have been practiced in the field, but issues with the physical stability of such mixtures have caused problems with application and efficacy. When conventional agrochemical compositions are combined with liquid fertilizers, particularly high-phosphate starter fertilizers, the combined components (surfactants, viscosity modifiers, wetting agents) can accelerate the physical degradation (phase separation) of the mixture. This physical degradation may occur in the mixing tank before application to plants. This problem is often overlooked and leads to inconsistent application of fertilizers and insecticides or fungicides, resulting in insufficient effectiveness of both.

[0005] Furthermore, conventional mixtures containing insecticide compositions and liquid fertilizers have utilized liquid fertilizer-compatible agents such as silica and clay. However, the use of silica and clay presents dust-related safety concerns, such as dust explosions and operator exposure to dust. Therefore, there is a need for improved mixtures containing insecticide or fungicide compositions and liquid fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to an agrochemical composition comprising a) an agrochemically active ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor.

[0007] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to an agricultural chemical composition comprising a) an agricultural chemical active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative.

[0008] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for preparing a composition comprising forming a mixture containing a) an agriculturally active chemical ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor.

[0009] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to a method for preparing a composition comprising forming a mixture containing a) an agriculturally active chemical ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative.

[0010] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to a method for controlling pests, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprising a) an agriculturally active chemical ingredient; b) a dispersant; and c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor.

[0011] On the other hand, this disclosure relates to a method for controlling pests, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprising a) an agriculturally active chemical ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, e) a preservative. Detailed Implementation

[0012] This written description uses examples to illustrate this disclosure, including best practices, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice this disclosure, including making and using any composition or system and performing any combination method. The patentable scope of this disclosure is defined by the claims, but may include other examples that would occur to a person skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements that are not significantly different from the literal language of the claims.

[0013] As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains,” “containing,” “characterized by,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any expressly indicated limitations. For example, a composition, mixture, process, or method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or other elements inherent to such compositions, mixtures, processes, or methods.

[0014] The connecting phrase "composed of..." excludes any unspecified element, step, or component. If in a claim, this phrase makes the claim closed, excluding materials other than those stated, except for impurities typically associated with them. When the phrase "composed of..." appears in a clause of the body of a claim rather than immediately following the preamble, the phrase only limits the element set forth in that clause; the claim as a whole does not exclude other elements.

[0015] The conjunction "consisting essentially of" is used to define a composition or method that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements beyond those literally disclosed, provided that such additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed invention. The term "consisting essentially of" falls between "comprising" and "consisting of." The use of "consisting essentially of" herein allows the applicant (as a lexicographer) to define the claimed invention by excluding any materials, steps, or features that the applicant considers non-critical to the claimed invention but which may be known in the prior art and could otherwise be included in the claimed invention, regardless of whether such inclusion or exclusion is specifically described in the specification. The applicant's sole purpose in excluding any materials, steps, or features may be to exclude elements of the prior art that affect the novelty of the claimed invention and thus its patentability. Therefore, the use of "consisting essentially of" herein does not require explicit support from the specification to exclude said element from the claimed invention if including any element of the prior art would be detrimental to the patentability of the claimed invention.

[0016] When an invention or a part thereof is defined by an open-ended term such as “comprising”, it should be readily understood (unless otherwise stated) that the description should be interpreted as also using the terms “substantially consisting of” or “consisting of” to describe such an invention.

[0017] Furthermore, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". For example, conditions A or B are satisfied by any of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0018] Furthermore, the indefinite article "a / an" preceding an element or component of the invention is intended to be non-limiting in terms of the number of instances (i.e., occurrences) of that element or component. Therefore, "a / an" should be understood to include one / an or at least one / an, and the singular word form of an element or component also includes the plural, unless the number clearly indicates the singular.

[0019] As used herein, “wt%” refers to the weight percentage of the component relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0020] As used herein, the term "invertebrate pest" includes arthropods, gastropods, nematodes, and worms that are of economic importance as pests. The term "arthropods" includes insects, mites, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, pill bugs, and symphylans. The term "gastropods" includes snails, slugs, and other stylomatophores. The term "nematodes" includes members of the phylum Nematoda, such as herbivorous nematodes and animal-parasitic nematodes. The term "worm" includes all parasites, such as roundworms (Nematoda), heartworms (Nematoda, Secernentea), flukes (Platyhelminthes, Tematoda), acanthocephala, and tapeworms (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda).

[0021] As used in this article, “invertebrate pest control” means the suppression of the development of invertebrate pests (including death, reduced feeding and / or mating disturbance), and related expressions are similarly defined.

[0022] As used herein, the term “agronomy” refers to the production of field crops, such as those used for food and fiber, and includes the growth of maize or corn, soybeans and other legumes, rice, cereals (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye, and rice), leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce, cabbage, and other rapeseed crops), fruit vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cruciferous vegetables, and cucurbits), potatoes, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton, tree fruits (e.g., pome, stone, and citrus), small fruits (e.g., berries and cherries), and other specialty crops (e.g., canola, sunflower, and olives).

[0023] As used herein, the term “non-agricultural” refers to applications other than field crops, such as horticultural crops (e.g., greenhouses, nurseries, or ornamental plants not grown in fields), residential, agricultural, commercial, and industrial structures, turf (e.g., sodfarm, pasture, golf course, lawn, sports field, etc.), timber products, stored products, agroforestry and vegetation management, public health (i.e., human) and animal health (e.g., domestic animals such as pets, livestock, and poultry, and non-domestic animals such as wild animals).

[0024] As used herein, the term "crop vigor" refers to the growth rate or biomass accumulation of a crop plant. "Increased vigor" refers to an increase in growth or biomass accumulation of a crop plant relative to an untreated control crop plant. The term "crop yield" refers to the quantitative and qualitative return of crop material obtained after harvesting a crop plant. "Increased crop yield" refers to an increase in crop yield relative to an untreated control crop plant.

[0025] As used herein, the term "biologically effective amount" refers to the amount of an active ingredient sufficient to produce the desired biological effect when applied (i.e., exposed to) a pest to be controlled or its environment, or applied to a plant, the seeds from which the plant grows, or the location of the plant (e.g., the growing medium) to protect the plant from the pest or for other desired effects (e.g., to enhance plant vigor).

[0026] As used herein, non-agricultural applications include protecting animals from invertebrate parasitic pests by administering to the animals the effective amount of the active ingredient (typically in the form of a composition formulated for veterinary use). As mentioned in this disclosure and claims, the terms "parasitic" and "parasitic" refer to observable effects on invertebrate parasitic pests to protect animals from their infestation. Parasitic effects are typically associated with reducing the presence or activity of the target invertebrate parasitic pest. Such effects on pests include necrosis, death, stunted growth, reduced mobility or ability to remain on or within the host animal, reduced feeding, and reproductive inhibition. These effects on invertebrate parasitic pests control (including prevent, reduce, or eliminate) parasitic infestation or infection in animals.

[0027] The modifier “about” is used herein to indicate that certain preferred operating ranges (such as ranges of reactant molar ratios, material amounts, and temperatures) are not explicitly defined. This meaning is generally obvious to those skilled in the art. For example, a statement regarding a temperature range of about 120°C to about 135°C, for example, an organic chemical reaction, would be interpreted as including other similar temperatures, such as 105°C or 150°C, where a useful reaction rate can be expected to favor the reaction. In the absence of guidance from the experience of those skilled in the art, in the absence of contextual guidance, and unless more specific rules are set forth herein, a range of “about” shall not exceed 10% of the absolute value of the endpoints or 10% of the stated range, whichever is less.

[0028] As used herein, the term “ambient temperature” should mean any suitable temperature found in a laboratory or other working environment, and generally not lower than about 15°C and not higher than about 30°C.

[0029] According to this disclosure, it has now been unexpectedly discovered that agrochemical compositions containing corn steep liquor as a compatibility agent for liquid fertilizers exhibit significantly improved physical stability when used in the preparation of agrochemical liquid fertilizers. In addition to its compatibility with liquid fertilizers, corn steep liquor is itself an organic fertilizer, thus providing nutrients to plants and feedstock for the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms. Corn steep liquor is also biorenewable and sustainable. Therefore, the use of corn steep liquor as a fertilizer compatibility agent provides significant benefits not previously observed in the art.

[0030] Therefore, in one aspect, this disclosure provides an agricultural chemical composition comprising an agricultural chemical active ingredient, a dispersant, and a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor. Another aspect relates to an agricultural chemical composition comprising an agricultural chemical active ingredient; a dispersant; a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and optionally, a preservative.

[0031] A "dispersant" or "dispersing agent" is a substance added to a suspension of solid particles (typically a colloidal suspension) to improve particle separation and reduce or prevent sedimentation or agglomeration. As used herein, the term "dispersant" includes dispersant substances that have a true polymer structure. In one embodiment, the dispersant includes a synthetic homopolymer or copolymer.

[0032] In one aspect, the dispersant in the compositions provided herein is selected from sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate condensates, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, polymers of naphthalene sulfonic acid with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate salts, lignosulfonic acid, and combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from Atlox 4913, Atlas... TMG-5000, Morwet D425, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensates (e.g., Morwet D-400 and Morwet D-809), lignin sulfonates (e.g., Reax 88B and Polyfon F), blends of lignin and naphthalene sulfonates (e.g., Morwet D-360 and Morwet D-390), Morwet D-500 (a blend of Morwet D-425 and block copolymers), phenol sulfonate condensates (e.g., Vultamol® DN), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylates (e.g., Agrilan 789 and Agrilan 700), polyacrylate graft copolymers (e.g., Dispersogen ACP 120), sodium salts of fatty acid methyl taurine (e.g., Hostapon TPHC), sodium salts of cresol-formaldehyde condensates (e.g., Dispersogen 1494), styrene-acrylic acid copolymers (e.g., Metasperse 550S), phosphate esters, alkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphate esters (e.g., Crodafos). C10 / 5A and Dextrorol OC-180), arylphenol ethoxylated phosphates (e.g., Soprophor FLK), arylphenol ethoxylated sulfates (e.g., Soprophor 4D384), maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers (e.g., Sokalan® CP 5 and Sokalan® CP 7), maleic acid / olefin copolymers (e.g., Sokalan® CP 9), alkyl diphenoxy sulfonates (e.g., Dowfax 3B2 and Dowfax C10L), ethoxylated phosphate salts, and salts of vinyl ether polymers and copolymers (e.g., EasySperse). TM P-20), sugar derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polysaccharides, and alkyl polysaccharides.

[0033] In one aspect, the dispersant in the compositions provided herein is selected from polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, other acidic polymers, particularly polymers with carboxylic acid (CO2H) groups, their copolymers, their salts, and combinations thereof. BASF Corporation's SOKALAN® products are representative dispersants. A preferred product is SOKALAN® PA 30 CL polyacrylic acid dispersant, which is an aqueous dispersion of low molecular weight polyacrylic acid, completely neutralized to a sodium salt, having an average molecular weight of about 8,000 Daltons. Preferably, the average molecular weight of the dispersant is between about 1,000 and about 100,000 Daltons. In one embodiment, the average molecular weight is from about 1,000 to about 10,000 Daltons. In one embodiment, the average molecular weight of the dispersant is about 8,000 Daltons. The salt of the dispersant may include, but is not limited to, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, sodium, potassium, etc. The salt may also comprise a mixture of different cations.

[0034] In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from copolymers, salts, and any combination of the foregoing substances.

[0035] In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from the potassium salt of any of the aforementioned substances. In another embodiment, the dispersant is selected from Dextrorol OC 180, Surfom SC 8216, Stepfac 8181K, or any combination thereof.

[0036] As used herein, the term "liquid fertilizer compatibility agent" may also include suspending agents, thickeners, and / or thickening agents.

[0037] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises clay. In one embodiment, the clay is selected from montmorillonite, attapulgite, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the average particle size of the clay is about 0.1 micrometers. BASF's ATTAFLOW® products are representative. A preferred product is ATTAFLOW® FL, which is an aqueous suspension of attapulgite.

[0038] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises silica, such as colloidal silica. Colloidal silica includes, but is not limited to, fumed silica. In one embodiment, the fumed silica is hydrophilic fumed silica. Evonik Industries' AERODISP® products are representative. A preferred product is AERODISP® W 7512 S, which is an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic fumed silica. Fumed silica forms colloidal suspensions with desired thickening, suspending, and stabilizing properties in agricultural formulations.

[0039] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises cellulose.

[0040] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises a thickener, clay, silica, cellulose, microfibrillated cellulose, gum arabic, or a combination thereof.

[0041] In one embodiment, the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises microfibrillated cellulose and gum arabic.

[0042] In one aspect, the agrochemical composition comprises a) about 0.1% to about 40%, preferably about 5% to about 35%, more preferably about 10% to about 30%, and even more preferably about 15% to about 25% of an agrochemical active ingredient; b) about 0.1% to about 30%, preferably about 0.2% to about 20%, more preferably about 1% to about 15% of a dispersant; and c) about 0.1% to about 70%, preferably about 0.5% to about 65%, more preferably about 5% to about 30%, and even more preferably about 10% to about 20% of a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; wherein all percentages are based on the total weight of all components in the composition by weight.

[0043] Optionally, the composition further comprises one or more additives selected from freeze-thaw stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, defoamers, preservatives, and biocides. In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from anionic surfactants, alkyl d-glucopyranoside, and mixtures of two or more thereof. In one embodiment, the alkyl d-glucopyranoside surfactant comprises C9-C 11 A mixture of alkyl d-glucopyranosides. BASF's AGNIQUE® products are representative. A preferred product is AGNIQUE® PG9116UP, a C9-C glycoside with a degree of polymerization of approximately 1.6 and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of approximately 13.1. 11 A mixture of alkyl d-glucopyranosides. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant comprises an alkylbenzene sulfonate, preferably a sodium salt. Representative anionic surfactants include Stepan Corporation's STEPWET® products. A preferred product is STEPWET® DF-90, which is a sodium salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

[0044] In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer comprises polyalkylene glycol, preferably propylene glycol, present in an amount of about 1% to about 10%, preferably about 5% to about 10%, and preferably about 9% by weight of the total amount of all components in the composition. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer comprises glycerol, propylene glycol, urea, ammonium sulfate, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer comprises ammonium sulfate (AMS) and is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10%, preferably about 5% to about 10% by weight. In one embodiment, AMS is present in about 9% by weight. AMS also provides additional benefits to formulations by acting as a fertilizer and density regulator in aqueous formulations. "Freeze-thaw stabilizer" is also referred to as "antifreeze agent".

[0045] In the embodiments, the defoamer includes alkylcyclotetrasiloxane, preferably octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane silicone emulsion, such as DOW CORNING. ® AF Emulsion or DOWCORNING ® ANTIFOAM C Emulsion (Dow Corning Corporation). When present, the defoamer is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of all components in the total formulation.

[0046] The preservative can be isothiazolinone or a mixture of isothiazolinones, for example, KATHON. ® CG / ICP preservative (a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), or LEGEND ® MK preservatives (Rohm and Haas Corporation), or PROXEL TM BR preservative (Avecia). When present, the preservative is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the total amount of all components in the preparation. Preservatives include, but are not limited to, biocidal compounds and antimicrobial compounds.

[0047] In one aspect, this disclosure provides an agrochemical composition comprising a) an agrochemically active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) an anionic surfactant; e) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and f) a preservative. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant comprises an alkylbenzene sulfonate, preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. In one embodiment, the freeze-thaw stabilizer comprises ammonium sulfate. In one embodiment, the preservative comprises isothiazolinone or a mixture of isothiazolinones.

[0048] In one aspect, this disclosure provides an agricultural chemical composition comprising about 0.1% to about 40%, preferably about 15% to about 25% of an agricultural chemical active ingredient; about 0.2% to about 20% of a dispersant; and about 1% to about 20% of a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor, wherein all percentages are by weight based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

[0049] The term "liquid fertilizer" refers to a fertilizer in fluid or liquid form containing various ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (e.g., but not limited to 10% nitrogen, 34% phosphorus, and 0% potassium) and micronutrients, often referred to as a starter fertilizer, which is high in phosphorus and promotes rapid and vigorous root growth. Liquid fertilizers are typically water-based. As used herein, the term "water-based" indicates that the primary solvent or medium is water.

[0050] Agricultural chemical active ingredients can be selected from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), pheromones, biological agents, and combinations thereof.

[0051] Suitable insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and pheromones for the compositions and methods disclosed herein may include the following:

[0052] Insecticides: A0) Various insecticides, including agrigata, aluminum phosphide, amblyseius, aphidius, aphid gall midge, artemisinin, alfalfa silver-striped moth NPV, triazole tin, Bacillus subtilis (e.g., strain RTI477), Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., strain RTI545), Bacillus thuringiensis var. tumefaciens, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kustag, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis (e.g., strain RTI184), Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus bengal (e.g., strain RTI184), Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus bengal (e.g., strain RTI184),(Strain RTI301), Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria bassiana coccidium, β-cyhalothrin, biological agents, cartap, deltamethrin, bromothion-e, bromodiphenyl ether, Bt-Corn-GM, Bt-Soya-GM, capsaicin, fenitrothion, Celastrus orbiculatus extract, chlorantraniliprole, diflubenzuron, oxychlorpyrifos, flufenoxuron, chlorpyrifos-e, osthol, cryolite, pyridaben, bromocyanamide, cyhalothrin, dicofol, cypermethrin, Dacnusa spp., DCIP, dichloropropene, trichlorfon, pyridaben Diglyphus, Diglyphus dacnusa (a type of wasp), Dimethoate, Disulfide, Lauryl acetate, Emamectin, Encarsia, EPN, Eeretmocerus, Ethylene dibromide, Eucalyptol, Fatty acids, Fatty acids / salts, Quinalox, BPMC, Azoxystrobin, Bromoflufenicol, Flufenoxam, Amitraz, Angolan, Furazolidone, γ-Cyfluthrin, Garlic juice, Granules Particulate virus, Harmonia, Cotton bollworm NPV, Inactive bacteria, Indole-3-ylbutyric acid, Iodoform, Iron, Isomalt, Isopropylamine, Isopropylamine-m, Isopropylcarb, Phosphate, Kaolin, Lindane, Liuyangmycin, Matrine, Dimethoate, Paracetamol, Metarhizium anisopliae, Methamidophos, MTMC, Mineral oil, Miconazole, Metarhizium anisopliae, Killer Insecticides, *Lycium verrucosum*, dibromophos, *Neochrysocharis formosa*, nicotine, nicotine, oil, oleic acid, omethoate, *Orius*, oxomatrine, *Penicillium*, paraffin oil, parathion-e, *Pasteuria*, petroleum, pheromones, phosphoric acid, *Photorhabdus*, phorate, *Phytoseiulus*, chlorpyrifos-e, vegetable oil, *Plutella* xylostella) GV, polyhedrosis virus, polyphenol extract, potassium oleate, profenofos, psoralen, pyrimethanil, pyrethroid, pyridaben, pyrimethanil, soap bark extract, miticide, rapeseed oil, rotenone, saponozitin, sodium compounds, sodium fluorosilicate, starch, *Nematoda*, *Streptomyces*, fipronil, sulfur, butylpyrimidine, tefluthrin, dithion, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, methyl methacrylate, transgenic agents (e.g.,Cry3Bb1), azoxystrobin, Trichoderma, Trichogramma, chlorfenapyr, Verticillium, veratrine, isomers of insecticides (e.g., κ-bifenthrin, κ-heptafluthrin), dichoromezotiazine, brofenoxam, bifenthrin; A1) carbamates, including aldicarb, thiamethoxam, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, glufosinate, pirimicarb, propoxur, and thiodicarb; A2) Organophosphates, including phorate, ethyl phosphonate, methyl phosphonate, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, phosmet, dimethoate, phorate, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxazophos, malathion, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, phosmet, oxymethoate, methyl oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, methyl parathion, isoprothiolane, phorate, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, methyl pyrimidinium, quinalphos, terbufos, tetrachlorfon, triazophos, and trichlorfon; A3) Cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, such as endosulfan; A4) Fipronil compounds, including acetamiprid, fipronil, pyrifluquinazon, and pyriprole; A5) Neonicotinic acid derivatives, including acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam; A6) Spinosads, such as spinosad and ethyl spinosad; A7) Chlorine channel activators from the mectin class, including abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, repiperazine, and mibamectin; A8) Juvenile hormone mimics, such as tebufenozide, tebufenozide, fenbufenozide, phenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen; A9) Selective homoptera feeding blockers, such as pymetrozine, flonicamid, and pyrifluquinazon; A10) Mite growth inhibitors, such as tetradifon, thiamethoxam, and etoxazole; A11) Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, such as fenbutatin oxide and propargite; uncoupling agents of oxidative phosphorylation, such as bromfenac; A12) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, such as chlorfenapyr, fenitrothion hydrochloride, chlorfenapyr cyclophosphamide, and thiosultap sodium; A13) Type O chitin biosynthesis inhibitors from benzoylureas, including diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, diphenylfluorourea, and flufenoxuron; A14) Type I chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, such as thiamethoxam; A15) Ecdyskin disruptors, such as cyromazine; A16) Ecdyskin receptor agonists, such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, chlorfenapyr, and cyclofenozide; A17) Octopamine receptor agonists, such as amitraz; A18) Mitochondrial complex electron transport inhibitors.A19) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as indoxacarb and cyfluthrin; A20) Lipid synthesis inhibitors, such as spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, and spirotetramat; A21) Lanni base receptor modulators from diamides, including flubendiamide, phthalamide compounds (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide and (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, chlorantraniliprole and bromuconazole; A22) Compounds with unknown or indeterminate modes of action, such as azadirachtin, sulfadiazine, bifenazate, flusulfanilamide, piperonyl butyl ether, trifluralin, flonicamid; or A23) Sodium channel modulators selected from pyrethroids include flufenoxuron, allethrin, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, α-cyhalothrin, β-cyhalothrin, ζ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, dichlorvos, silflumethrin, and tetrabromofenoxuron.

[0053] Fungicides: B0) Benzoflufenicol, anitiperonosporic, azoxystrobin, indoxamylsulfamethoxam, copper salts (e.g., copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper persulfate), boscalid, thifluzamide, fluoxastrobin, furazolidone, thiabendazole, carbendazim, thiamethoxam, isoprothiolane, mefenoxam, bifenthiophanate-methyl, fluoxastrobin, fluoxastrobin aniline, fluoxastrobin, eugenol, tebufenozide, flufenoxuron, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, chlorpyrifos, tebufenozide, fenoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, nitrofenozide, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, tetracycline, ethoxyfenozide, chlorobenzyl ether, tetrachloronitrobenzene, chlorpyrifos, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, ampicillin, Bacillus subtilis Synonyms for *subtilis*, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* (e.g., strains QST 713, FZB24, MBI600, D747), extracts from *Melaleuca alternifolia*, pyridaben, oxadixyl, eticonazole, pyridaben, naftifine, terbinafine, jinggangmycin, buprofen, cymoxanil, tetrachlorophthalide, allylbenzylthiazide, isothiazamine, kelp polysaccharides, extracts from *Reynoutria sachalinensis*, phosphorous acid and salts, chlorothalonil, imidacloprid, benzoyl sulfadiazine, organic oils, potassium bicarbonate, chlorothalonil, fluoroimide; B1) Azides, including bifenthrin, furazolidone, cyclophosphamide, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, flutriafol, fluquinazole, cyproconazole, flusilazole, fenbendazole, hexaconazole, imazalil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, siloxane, triadimefon, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tetraflufenicol, tebuconazole, imazalil, prochloraz, isoprothiolane, imazalil, fluopiconazole, cyazofamid, benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, oxadixyl, azaconazole, tebuconazole, oxadixyl, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-cycloheptanol and imazalil sulfate; B2) Agaricone derivatives include azoxystrobin, fenpyroxime, fenpyroxime, fluopyram, fenpyroxime, fenpyroxime, fenpyroxime, pyraclostrobin, fenpyroxime, fenpyroxime, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, and 2-(o-(2,5-Dimethylphenoxymethylene)-phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate, 2-(2-(6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methylacetamide and 3-methoxy-2-(2-(N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarbonimide-thioalkylmethyl)-phenyl)-acrylate; B3) Formamides include carbendazim, benzalkonium chloride, cymoxanil, cyclophosphamide, fluopyram, fluopyram, metalaxyl, metalaxyl, furazolidone, oxadixyl, oxycarbendazim, pyrimethanil, pyraclostrobin, thifluzamide, thiamethoxam, 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-cyanophenyl)isothiazol-5-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorpholine, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), cyclopropionylamine, diclofenac, dimethomorph, N-(2-(4-[3- (4-Chlorophenyl)prop-2-kynyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-methanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide, N-(2-(4-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-kynyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-ethanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide, methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonyl-amino-3-methylbutyrylamino)propionate, N-(4'-bromobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-methylthiazolyl-δ-carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2 5-Methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxamide, N-(3,4'-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-cyano-phenyl)-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxaniline, 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl- Indene-4-yl)-nicotinamide, N-(2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3',5-difluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluoro-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5-Difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',5-difluoro-4'-methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(cis-2-dicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(trans-2-dicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoro-methyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, fluopyram, N-(3-ethyl-3,5-5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3-carboxamide-2-hydroxy-benzamide, oxytetracycline, silthiamethoxam, N-(6-methoxy-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) Pyridine-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, 2-iodo-N-phenyl-benzamide, N-(2-bicyclo-propyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5') N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl -3-Trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoropyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-Trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(chlorofluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazol-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-( ... (2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(2',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-5-chloro-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-ylcarboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole 4-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoro-3-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolium-4-carboxamide N-(3',4'-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-Dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-S-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-difluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3',4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3'-chloro-4'-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4 N-(4'-chloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-methyl-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-fluoro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-6-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 1-Methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)-phenyl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[4'-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-[4'-(trifluoromethylthio)-biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; B4) Heterocyclic compounds, including fluazinam, pyridabenoxime, ethirimol sulfonate, pyrimethanil, chloropyrimidinol, pyrimethanil hydrazone, pyrimethanil, fluazinam pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, cymoxanil, 4-dodecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, morpholine, butylmorpholine, tridemorpholine, benzyl sulfadiazine, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolinone, oxadiazon, imidacloprid, octothiazoline, allylphenthiazide, 5-Chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazole[1,5-a]pyrimidine, Dimethoate, Pyridaben, Roqueconazole, Propoxyquinoline, Tricyclazole, 2-Butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromene-4-one, Aramaic acid benzene-S-methyl, Captan, Chlorpyrifos, Dazomet, Cyanobacterium, Quinoxyfen, N,N-Dimethyl-3-(3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindole-1-sulfonyl)-[1,2,4]triazole-1-sulfonamide, 5-ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]triazole[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2,7-diamine, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methanesulfonyl-pyrimidine, 3,4,5-trichloro-pyridin-2,6-di-carboxynitrile, N-(1-(5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide, N-((5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl)-2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide, diflubenzuron, chlorpyrifos, morpholine acetate, pyridaben, pyrimethanil S, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, fenvalerate methyl sulfate, oxadiazon, and piperazine; B5) Carbamates, including mancozeb, mancozeb, thiamethoxam, sulfadiazine, mancozeb, ferram, methyl zineb, thiram, zineb, thiram, ethoxysulfuron, valerate, benthiamethoxam, cymoxanil, cymoxanil hydrochloride, N-(1-(1-(4-cyanophenyl)ethanesulfonyl)but-2-yl)carbamate 4-fluorophenyl ester, methyl 3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)propionate; or B6) Other fungicides include guanidine, doxycycline, doxycycline free base, biguanidine octylamine, and biguanidine salts; antibiotics: kasugamycin, oxytetracycline and its salts, streptomycin, polyoxin, and jinggangmycin A; nitrophenyl derivatives: acaricides, fenvalerate, and fenpyroximate; sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds: dithionol and isoprothiolane; organometallic compounds: triphenyltin salts; organophosphorus compounds: chlorpyrifos, isoprothiolane, triethylphosphonic acid, aluminum triethylphosphonate, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrimiphos, and methyl thiophanate; organochlorine compounds: benzyl sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine, hexachlorobenzene, tetrachlorophthalide, pendimethalin, pentachloronitrobenzene, thiophanate-methyl, and toluenesulfonamide; others: cycloflufenicol, cymoxanil, dimethomorph, ethamyzanol, furazolidone, benomyl, and spirocycline. Biguanide octylamine acetate, biguanide octylamine triacetate, biguanide trioctylbenzene sulfonate, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, diclofenac, pentachlorophenol and its salts, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, chloronitrobenzamide, phthalimide, tetrachloronitrobenzene, biphenyl, bromonitrobenzene glycol, diphenylamine, midomycin, quinoline copper, calcium cyclohexanoate, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoromethoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenylacetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium, and N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidinium.

[0054] Herbicides: C1) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACC), such as cyclohexenone oxime ethers, including clethodim, thiamethoxam, clethodim, oxadiazon, butoxycycline, cyclobenzanone, or dexamethasone; phenoxyphenoxypropionates, such as clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, oxazol-quizalofop-p-ethyl, thiamethoxam, pyrifluquinazon, quizalofop-p-ethyl, flupyrfluquinazon, flupyrfluquinazon, isoxaflutole, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, or quizalofop-p-ethyl; or arylaminopropionates, such as methyl methacrylate or methyl methacrylate; C2) Acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), such as imidazolinones, including metribuzin, imidazoquinoline, methyl imidazolate, methoxymetazin, methyl imidazolate, or imidazolate; and pyrimidinyl ethers, such as pyrimisulfuron, pyrimisulfuron sodium, and bispyribac-sodium. KIH-6127 or pyribenzoxym; sulfonamides, such as diflubenzuron, pyrazosulfuron, or sulfazine; or sulfonylureas, such as pyrazosulfuron, tetrazolasulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorpyrisulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethersulfuron, cypromethazine, amphetaminesulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, pyrimisulfuron, chlorpyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosulfuron, flusulfuron, flusulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, sulfadiazine, mesosulfuron, thifensulfuron, etherbensulfuron, benzylsulfuron, flumethanil, triflumethanil, sulfonylsulfuron, formamidesulfuron, or iodosulfuron; C3) Amides, such as diacetylaminopropionate (CDAA), fenvalerate, bromobutyroxyfen, cyprodinil, fenvalerate, etobenzanidibenzchlomet, fluthiamethoxam, phosmet, or heptamethrin; C4) phytotoxic herbicides, such as pyridinecarboxylic acid, like dichloropyridine or cyprodinil; or 2,4-D or cyprodinil; C5) phytotoxicant transport inhibitors, such as naphazoline or diflubenzuron; C6) carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as imidacloprid, dimethazone, pyrfluthrin, flurfluthrin, flupyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, bensulfuron, isoxazolidinone, isoxazolidinone, nicosulfuron, chlormesulone, ketoxane, furazolidone, doxycycline, or chlorpyrifos; C7) Enolpyruvate shikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSPS), such as glyphosate or glufosinate; C8) glutamine synthase inhibitors, such as bialaphos or glufosinate; C9) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, such as anilines, such as sphagnum or bensulfuron-methyl; chloroacetanilides, such as s- ...Thioureas, such as butyrazosulfuron, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, piperazine, EPTC, pendimethalin, chlorpyrifos, benthiocarb, fenvalerate, or metribuzin; or furazolidone or fenpyrosulfuron; C10) Mitotic inhibitors, such as carbamates, such as fenpyrosulfuron, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, propyzamid, fenpyrosulfuron, or chlorpyrifos; dinitroanilines, such as fluazinam, terbuprofen, azoxystrobin, ethylbutyrazole, chlorfluazuron, azoxystrobin, pendimethalin, azoxystrobin, or fluroxystrobin; pyridines, such as flusulfuron or thiamethoxam; or chlorpyrifos, dimethyl chlorpyrifos (DCPA), or maleic acid hydrazine; C11) Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors, such as diphenyl ethers, including trifluralin, trifluralin sodium, bensulfuron, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalofop-butyl (CNP), fluroxypyr, trifluralin, ethoxysulfuron, flusulfanilamide, furoxypyr, quizalofop-p-ethyl, chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, or ethoxysulfuron; oxadiazoles, such as propyzoxystrobin or oxadiazole; cyclic imides, such as pyrazosulfuron, flupropyzoxystrobin, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, indole-pyrazosulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr, propyzoxystrobin, clodinafop-methyl, flupyrimimethol, methyl methazine, mesotrione, or thiamethoxam; or pyrazoles, such as ET-751.JV 485 or fluchlorfon; (C12) Photosynthesis inhibitors, such as propargite, pyridafol, or pyridafol; benzothiadiazinones, such as bentazon; dinitrophenols, such as bromophenol oxime, diphenoxylate, diphenoxylate-acetate, terbuphenoxylate, or DNOC; bipyridines, such as paraquat chloride, fenvalerate-methyl sulfate, diquat, or paraquat dichlorvos; ureas, such as chlorobromopropylate, chlormequat, fenmetrazanol, oxazol, diuron, sulfothiamethoxam, fenugreek, fenmetrazanol, isoproturon, isoxaflutole, linuron, methylbenzylthiamethoxam, and metribuzin. Azoxystrobin, pyranolol, methoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, glufosinate, cyclomethonium, or buthidione; phenols, such as bromobenzonitrile or iodobenzonitrile; chlorpyrifos; triazines, such as atrazine, atrazine, desmein, dimethoprim, cyclomethazine, pyridaben, pyridaben, simazine, pyridaben, terbutaline, terbutaline, terbutaline, or terbutaline; triazinones, such as benzoxazine or pyrazosulfan; uracils, such as chlorpyrifos, cyclomethazine, or terbutaline; or dicarboxylate esters, such as betaine or betaine; C13) Synergists, such as ethylene oxides like metribuzin; C14) CIS cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as isoxaflutole or diflubenzuron; C15) various other herbicides, such as dichloropropionic acid, like cypermethrin; dihydrobenzofurans, such as ethoxyfuran; phenylacetic acids, such as fenac.Or azoxystrobin, abamectin, dimethoate, benzylthion, benzofluor, buminafos, buminofafen, fenpropathrin, clodinafop-methyl, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, fenpropathrin, cyclohexane, bensulfuron-methyl, cyclohexane, cyprodinium, tricyclohexane, bensulfuron-methyl, sapura, sapura, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, ethazine, flubentranil, flumetsulam, cyprodinium, isolazid, chlorpyrifos, flusulfanilamide, metribuzin, napropanilide, sulfadiazine, oxadiazine, styrax, mesylate, piperazine, cyprofen, cyprofluorfen, barnyardgrass, chlorpyrifos, CDEC, terbupropion, triazine, triazole carbendazim, or trimethylbenzyl; or their environmentally compatible salts.

[0055] Nematicides or biological nematicides: Benzocarb, Dimethoate, Aldicarb, Nifedipine, Benzylphos, Thiophanate, Phosphate, Fonsophos, Thiazolphos, Isamidofophos, Chlorpyrifos, Phosphocarb, Thiophanate, Imicyafos, Tetramethrin, Acetaminophen, Benclothiazide, Chlorothalonil, Dazomet, Flufenoxuron, 1,3-Dichloropropene (telone), Dimethyl disulfide, Sodium thiocyanate, Potassium thiocyanate, Salt thiocyanate (all MITC generating agents), Methyl bromide, Biological soil conditioners (e.g., mustard seed, mustard seed extract), Steam fumigation of soil, Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), Dimethyl sulfate, Furanaldehyde (aldehyde).

[0056] Suitable plant growth regulators disclosed herein include the following: Plant growth regulators: D1) Anti-auxin, such as clofibrate, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; D2) Plant growth hormones such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-propionic acid, thiamethoxam, IAA, IBA, naphthylacetamide, α-naphthylacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; D3) Cytokinins, such as 2iP, benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, kinetin, zeatin; D4) Defoliants, such as calcium cyanamide, thiamethoxam, oxydextrin, ethephon, defoliant phosphorus, methoxyrone, pentachlorophenol, thiamethoxam, defoliant phosphorus; D5) Ethylene inhibitors, such as ivermectin, 1-methylcyclopropene; D6) Ethylene release agents, such as ACC, vinylsilane, ethephon, acetaldehyde oxime; D7) Gameticides, such as pyridazine acid, maleic hydrazine; D8) Gibberellins, such as gibberellin, gibberellinic acid; D9) Growth inhibitors, such as abscisic acid, pyrimidinol, diphenhydramine, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chloranilide, dichlorvos, flubendiamide, flusulfanilamide, phosphonium sulfate, glyphosate, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazine, mepiquat chloride, chlorfenapyr, jasmone, aniline, tiaojiean, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; D10) Forming agents, such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenol; D11) Growth retardants, such as chlormequat chloride, butyrylhydrazine, furazolidone, flusulfanilamide, paclobutrazol, tetracycline, uniconazole; D12) Growth stimulants, such as brassinolide, ethyl brassinolide, DCPTA, pyrimethanone, oxadixyl, psoralen, triacontanol; D13) Unclassified plant growth regulators, such as cypermethrin, ethoxysulfonyl ether, bminarfusin, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, potassium benzoate, cyanamide, cyclopropionamide, cyclohexylimide, cyclopropanesulfonamide, propionyl brassinolide, indole, ethylene, furfural, ethylene glycol oxychloride, yield-enhancing oxime, chloroethanesulfinic acid, anti-lopide amine, carletanone, lead arsenate, sulfadiazine, cyclohexane, pyridoxine, cyproterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, cyproterone acetate, pyridoxine, pyridoxine ester.

[0057] Pheromones: Aldehyde pheromones, acetate pheromones, alcohol pheromones, ketone pheromones, epoxide pheromones, hydrocarbon pheromones, ester pheromones, formaldehyde; 2,2-dibromoacetaldehyde; acetaldehyde; 2-methyl-2-propenal; 2-methylpropanal; 2-propenal; 3,3-dibromo-2-propenal; propanal; 2-butenal; 2-methyl-2-butenal; 2-methylbutanal; 2-methylenebutanal; 3-methyl-2-butenal; 3-methyl-3-butenal; 3-methylbutanal; butanal; (E)-2-pentenal; 2-methylenepentanal; 2-pentenal; 3-methyl-1-(ethoxy)-butane; 4-methylpentanal; 4-pentenal; 5-methylfurfural; furan-2-carbaldehyde; pentanal; (E)-2-hexenal; (E) -2-Methyl-2-hexenal; (E)-3-hexenal; (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal; (E,E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadienal; (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal; (Z)-2-hexenal; (Z)-3-hexenal; (Z)-4-oxo-2-hexenal; 1-hexenal; 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 2-hexenal; 3-((E)-2-hexenoxy)-hexanal; 3,5-dimethylhexanal; 3-ethoxyhexanal; 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-hydroxyhexanal; 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 5-methylhexanal; hexanal; (1R,2S,5R)-2-methyl-5-((R)-1-oxopropyl-2 (1R,2S,5S)-2-methyl-5-((R)-1-oxoprop-2-yl)-cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde; (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-carboxaldehyde; (1S,2S,5R)-2-methyl-5-((R)-1-oxoprop-2-yl)-cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde; (3S,8R)-2-methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopenten-1-carboxaldehyde; (3S,8S)-2-methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopenten-1-carboxaldehyde; (5S,8S)-2-methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopenten-1-carboxaldehyde; (E)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6- Methyl-2,5-heptadecenal; (E)-2-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-6-methyl-5-heptadecenal; (E)-2-heptadecenal; (E)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal; (E)-2-methyl-2-heptadecenal; (E,Z)-2,4-heptadecenal; (R)-2,6-dimethyl-5-heptadecenal; (S)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-enal; (Z)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2-hexenal; (Z,Z)-2,4-heptadecenal; 2-(3-methylcyclopentyl)propanal; 2-(3-methylcyclopentyl)propanal; 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde;2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal; 2-methoxybenzaldehyde; 2-methyl-1-cyclopentenal; 2-methyl-2-heptenal; 2-methyl-5-(1-oxoprop-2-yl)-cyclopentanecarzaldehyde; 2-methylcyclopent-1-enal; 3,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carzaldehyde; 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde; 3,5-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde; 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde-1,2-dicarboxaldehyde; 3-Methylbenzaldehyde; 4-(Heptyloxy)-butanal; 4-methoxybenzaldehyde; 5-(1-Formylethyl)-2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-carboxaldehyde; 6-Methyl-5-heptenal; 6-Methylheptanal; benzaldehyde; Cartilagineal; Cyclohexanedialdehyde; Heptanal; Taxifolial D; (1R,2S)-cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneacetaldehyde; (1S,2R,3S)-2-(1-formylvinyl)-5-methylcyclopentaneacetaldehyde; (1S,2S,3S)-2-(1-formylvinyl)-5-methylcyclopentaneacetaldehyde; (2Z,6E)-8-chloro-6-chloromethyl-2-methyl-2,6-octadienal; (4S)-(3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclohex-1-enal; (E)-( (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)-acetaldehyde; (E)-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-butenedialdehyde; (E)-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-succinyl; (E)-2,7-octadienal; (E)-2-methyl-2-octenal; (E)-2-methyl-5-(3-furanyl)-2-pentenal; (E)-2-octenal; (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-cyclohexylpropanal; -Octadienal; (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal; (E)-3-octenal; (E)-4-oxo-2-octenal; (E)-7-methyl-2-octenal; (E,E)-2,4-octadienal; (E,E)-2,6-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-2,6-octadienal; (E,E)-2,6-octadienal; (E,E)-2,6-octadienedial; (E,Z)-2,4-octadienal; (E,Z)-2,6 -Octenal; (R)-1,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentylacetaldehyde; (R)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal; (Z)-(3,3-dimethyl)-cyclohexylacetaldehyde; (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)acetaldehyde; (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octenal; (Z,E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octenal; 1-Octenal; 2-(1-formylvinyl)-5-methylcyclopentaneformaldehyde;2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoacetaldehyde; 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 2-ethyloctanal; 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde; 2-methylbenzaldehyde; 2-methyl-5-(1-formylethyl)-1-cyclopentene-1-carboxaldehyde; 2-octenal; 2-phenylacetaldehyde; 2-phenylpropenal; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxal; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal; 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 3-ethylbenzaldehyde; 3-isopropyl-6-methylbenzaldehyde; 3-octenal; 3-oxo-4-isopropylidene-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 4-ethylbenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 4-isopropylidene-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; Alkenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 4-isopropenyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 4S-4-isopropenyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 5-ethylcyclopent-1-en-carboxaldehyde; 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-carboxaldehyde; 6-methyloctanal; 7-methyloctanal; Anisomorphal; cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneacetaldehyde; octanal; Peruphasmal; (1R,2S,6R)-2,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-2-carboxaldehyde; (E)-2-methyl-2-nonenal; (E)-2-nonenal; (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenal; (E)- 4,8-Nonadienal; (E)-8-methyl-2-nonenal; (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal; (E,E,E)-2,4,6-nonatrienal; (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal; (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal; (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal; (Z)-2-methyl-2-nonenal; (Z)-3-nonenal; (Z)-4,8-nonadienal; (Z)-4-nonenal; (Z)-8-methyl-2-nonenal; 2,6-nonadienal; 2-formyl-3-methylcyclopentenal; 2-nonenal; 2-phenyl-2-butenal; 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenal; 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde ; 3-Phenylacetal; 3-Phenylacetal; 6-Ethylbenzaldehyde; 7,7-Dimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-3-carboxaldehyde; 7-Methylnonanal; 8-Methylnonanal; 9-Acetoxynonanal; Gesbepipidone C; Nonanal; (4R,8R)-4,8-Dimethyldecanal; (4R,8S)-4,8-Dimethyldecanal; (E)-17,18,19,20-Tetranolopane-8,10,13(15)-trien-16-aldehyde; (E)-2,9-Decadienal; (E)-2-Decaenal; (E)-2-Methyl-2-Decaenal; (E)-2-Methyl-3-(2,3-Dibromo-4,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-propenal; (E)-4-Oxo-2-Decaenal;(E)-8-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-4,9-decadienal; (E)-9-methyl-2-decenal; (E,E)-2,4-decadienal; (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal; (Z)-4-decenal; (Z)-5-decenal; (Z)-9-methyl-2-decenal; (Z,Z)-2,4-decadienal; 1-decenal; 2-decenal; 2-ethyldecenal; 3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal; 4,5-dimethyldecenal; 4,8-dimethyldecenal; Caraiibical; Decanal; Rogiolal; (2E,4E)-2,6,10-trimethylundec-2,4,9-trienal; (2E,4E,7Z) -2,6,10-Trimethylundec-2,4,7,9-tetraenal; (5E)-2,6,10-Trimethylundec-5,9-dienal; (E)-2-Undecenal; (E)-6-Ethyl-2,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadienal; (Z)-4-Undecenal; 10-Undecenal; 2-Butyl-2-octenal; 2-Undecenal; 3-Isopropyl-6-methyl-10-oxoundec-2,6-dienal; 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal; 8-Isopropyl-5-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-2-carboxaldehyde; Austrodoral; Oxidotoxin 1; cis-4,6-dimethylundecenal; Taxifolial A; Taxifolial B; Taxifolial C; undecanoal; (1R,6R,7S,10R)-1-hydroxy-4-piperazine-15-aldehyde; (2R,7S,11R)-7-acetoxy-2-hydroxynadoxine-1(10)-en-12-aldehyde; (3R,5R,9R)-3,5,9-trimethyldodecanoal; (3S,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyldodecano-6,10-dienal; (9R)-3,5,9-trimethyldodecanoal; (E)-10-dodecenoal; (E)-2-dodecenoal; (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-6,10-dodecadienal; (E)-5-dodecenoal; (E)-6-dodecenoal; (E)-7-dodecanoal Enal; (E)-8-dodecenal; (E)-9,11-dodecadienal; (E)-9-dodecenal; (E,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecadienal; (E,E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecadienal; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienal; (E,E,E)-3,7-dimethyl-8,11-dioxo-2,6,9-dodecadienal; (E,E,Z)-3,7-dimethyl-8,11-dioxo-2,6,9-dodecadienal; (E,Z)-2,6-dodecadienal; (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal;(E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadienal; (R)-10-oxo-isodauren-3-en-15-al; (S,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-6,10-dodecadienal; (Z)-2-methyl-5-((1R,5R,6S)-2,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-6-yl)-pent-2-enal; (Z)-5-dodecadienal; (Z)-7-dodecadienal; (Z)-9,11-dodecadienal; (Z)-9-dodecadienal; (Z,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodectrienal; (Z,E)-5,7- Dodecadienal; (Z,E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecadienal; (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,7-dodecadienal; 10-methyldodecanoal; 2,10-dibromo-3-chloro-7-fructus; 2-dodecenal; 2-ethyldodecanoal; 2-formylguaiazolinone; 3,7,11-trimethyl-(E)-6,10-dodecadienal; 5-hydroxy-8-methoxycaranoline-15-aldehyde; 5-hydroxy-8-methoxycaromen-15-aldehyde; Aplysina; Debromoaplysinal; dodecanoal; Parahigginol D; Polygonal; Sclerosporal; Sinuketal; cis-4,6-dimethyldodecanoal; trans-caramin-13-aldehyde; (3R,5S,9R,7E,11E)-3,5,9,11-tetramethyl-7,11-tetracedienal; (3S,4R,6E,10Z)-3,4,7,11-tetramethyl-6,10-tetracedienal; (E,E)-3, 5,9,11-Tetramethyltridecano-7,11-dienal; (Z)-4-tridecenal; 13,14,15,16-Tetramethylclairoen-3-en-12-al; 13-acetoxytridecenal; 4,6-bis(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-6-methylcyclo-1,3-hexadienal; Acanthodoral; Ancistrodial; Cespitulin F; Isoacanthodoral; tridecanoal; (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal; (E)-11-tetradecenal; (E,E)-8,10-tetradecadienal; (E,Z)-4,9-tetradecadienal; (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal; (Z)-11,13-tetradecadienal; (Z)-11-tetradecenal; (Z)-5-tetradecenal; (Z)-7-tetradecenal; (Z)-8-tetradecenal; (Z)-9,13-tetradecadien-11-acetylenal; (Z)-9-tetradecenal; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradectrienal;(Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienal; 10,12-Tetradecadienal; 2,4-Tetradecadienal; 2-Ethyltetradecaneal; 3-Oxo-13-Tetradecaneal; 3-Oxo-Tetradecaneal; 5,8-Tetradecadienal; 5-Tetradecaneal; Norasperenal A; Norasperenal B; Norasperenal C; Norasperenal D; Sargasal I; Sargasal II; Tetradecanoaldehyde; (6R)-6-acetoxydicarbamate-3,14-diene-1,17-dialdehyde; (6R)-6-hydroxydicarbamate-3,14-diene-1,17-diene; (E,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-6,10,14-hexadecanetrienal; (E,Z)-6,8-pentadecanadienal; (E,Z)-9,11-pentadecanadienal; (E,Z,Z)-2,6,9-pentadecanadienal; (Z)-10-pentadecanenal; (Z)-2-chloropentadecan-2-enal; (Z)-6,14-pentadecanadienal; (Z,Z)-6,9-pentadecanadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-pentadecanadienal; 2-hexyl-2-decenal; Azamial A; Azamial B; Isopachydictyolal; Pentadecaldehyde; Sinularial A; Umbellacin A; Xeniafaraunol A; (1R)-rosinaldehyde; (E)-10-hexadecenal; (E)-11-hexadecenal; (E)-14-hexadecenal; (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenal; (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal; (E,E)-10,14-hexadecadienal; (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadienal; (E,E)-9,11-hexadecadienal; (E,E,E)-10,12,14-hexadectrienal; (E,E,E)-3,7,11,1 5-Tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecathatetraenal; (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecathitral; (E,E,Z)-4,6,11-hexadecathitral; (E,E,Z,Z)-4,6,11,13-hexadecathatetraenal; (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-4,6-hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-8,11-hexadecadienal; (E,Z)-9,11-hexadecadienal;(R)-(E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (R)-(Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (S)-(E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (S)-(Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (Z)-10-hexadecenal; (Z)-11-hexadecenal; (Z)-12-hexadecenal; (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynedialdehyde; (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal; (Z)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenal; (Z)-3-oxo-9-hexadecenal; (Z)-7-hexadecenal; (Z)-9-hexadecenal; (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-11 ,13-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal; (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadectrienal; 11-Hexadeceneal; 11-Hexadecaldehyde; 13(16),14-Spongediene-19-aldehyde; 2-Methylhexadecaldehyde; 7-Hexadeceneal; 9-Hexadeceneal; Deacetyl-dihydro-demethyl-furospiral; Dictyodial A; dihydro-nor-hexadecyl; hexadecyl; Keikipukalide A; Keikipukalide B; Keikipukalide C; Keikipukalide D; Keikipukalide E; nor-nor-hexadecyl; Pseudoplexaural; pukalide aldehyde; Sanadaol; (E)-2-tetrazyl-2-heptadecenal; (Z)-9-heptadecenal; 1-heptadecenal; 2-heptadecenal; Globostelletin C; Globostelletin D; heptadecanal; (E)-11-octadecenal; (E)-13-octadecenal; (E)-14-octadecenal; (E)-2-octadecenal; (E)-6-octadecenal; (E,E)-11,14-octadecadienal; (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienal; (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienal; (E,Z)-6,11-octadecenal Carbodienal; (Z)-11-octadecenal; (Z)-13-octadecenal; (Z)-9-octadecenal; (Z,E)-13,15-octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-11,13-octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-13,15-octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienal; (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal;(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecanetrienal; 11-octadecenal; 13,15-octadecadienal; 13-octadecenal; 16-methyloctadecanal; 1-octadecenal; 3,6-dihydroxy-24-nor-9-oxo-9,11-open-cholest-7,22-dien-11-al; 9-octadecenal; methyloctadecanal; octadecanal; Panicein B2; Panicein B3; Panicein C; (Z)-10-Ninedecenal; (Z)-9-Ninedecenal; 9(11)-pacolen-16-al; cetearal; nonadecanal; (2E,6Z,9Z)-2-methyl-2,6,9-eicostrienal; (Z)-11-eicostrienal; 11-eicostrienal; 12,18-di-epiocarbazinal; 12b-(3'b-hydroxybutyryloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo-phosphoryl-16-ene- 25-aldehyde; 12b-(3'b-hydroxypentanoyloxy)-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxo-phosphoryl-16-en-25-aldehyde; 12-deacetoxy-12-oxo-phosphorylaldehyde; 12-epiophosphorylaldehyde; 15-eicosenoaldehyde; 1-eicosenoaldehyde; 3-deacetyl-22,23-dihydro-24,28-dehydrosericite B; 3-dehydrosericite B; 9-eicosenoaldehyde; Anthogorgiene B; deacetylated phosphorylaldehyde; eicosadienaldehyde; eicosenoaldehyde; Mooloolabene A; Mooloolabene B; phosphorylaldehyde; and combinations thereof.

[0058] Notable pheromones include (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-10-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, (E)-9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetracenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetracenyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, (E)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-decenyl acetate, and (Z)-8-decenyl acetate. Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-8-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-10-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-pentadecanenyl acetate, (E)-12-pentadecanenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate Ester, (E,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,12-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,7-tetracenedienyl acetate, (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate Ester, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, decanol, (Z)-6-nonenol, (E)-6-nonenol, dodecanol, (Z)-5-decenol, 11-dodecenol, (Z)-7-dodecenol, (E)-7-dodecenol, (Z)-8-dodecenol, (E)-8-dodecenol, (E)-9-dodecenol, (Z)-9-dodecenol, (E)-9,11-dodecadienol, (Z)-9,11-dodecadienol, (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienol, (E,E)-5,7-dodecadienol, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienol, (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienol, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienol, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienol, (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienol, (E)-5-Tetradecadienol, (Z)-8-Tetradeceneol, (Z)-9-Tetradeceneol, (E)-9-Tetradeceneol, (Z)-10-Tetradeceneol, (Z)-11-Tetradeceneol, (E)-11-Tetradeceneol, (Z)-11-Hexadeceneol, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienol, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienol, (Z, (Z)-9,12-Tetradecadienol, (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadienol, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienol, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienol, (E)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienol, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienol, Dodecaldehyde, (Z)-9-Dodecaldehyde, Tetradecaldehyde, (Z)-7-Tetradecenal, (Z)-9-Tetradecenal, (Z)-11-Tetradecenal, (E)-11-Tetradecenal (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal, (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienal, Hexadecaldehyde, (Z)-8-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-9-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-10-Hexadeceneal, (E)-10-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-11-Hexadeceneal, (E)-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-12-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-13-Hexadeceneal, (Z)-14-Methyl-8-Hexadeceneal, (E)-14-Methyl-8-Hexadeceneal, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadeceneal Dienal, (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-9,11-hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal, Octadecenal, (Z)-11-octadecadienal, (E)-13-octadecadienal, (Z)-13-octadecadienal, (Z)-5-decenyl 3-methylbutyrate, (+) cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane.

[0059] It is also worth noting that pheromones include citral; geraniol; neraldehyde; tetradecane-1-aldehyde; pentadecane-1-aldehyde; pentadecene-1-aldehyde; hexadecane-1-aldehyde; (Z)-9-hexadecene-1-aldehyde; (Z)-11-hexadecene-1-aldehyde; (7E,9E)-undecene-7,9-diene-1-aldehyde; (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadiene-1-aldehyde; (9Z,12E)-tetradecadiene-1-aldehyde; (8E,10E)-dodecadiene-1-aldehyde; (11Z)-Hexadecadien-1-aldehyde; (9Z)-Tetradecene-1-aldehyde; 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-ol; (6E)-7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecanetriene; [1S-(1a,2b,5a)]-4,6,6-trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol; 10-Hexadeceneal; (Z)-10-Hexadeceneal; (E)-10-Hexadeceneal; and combinations thereof.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a premix and a barrel mix. In some embodiments, the composition is in the form of a premix. In some embodiments, the composition is a sprayable composition.

[0061] In some embodiments, the composition can control phytophagous insects. Phytophagous insects are invertebrate pests that damage plants by feeding, such as by eating branches, stems, leaves, fruits, or seeds, or by sucking vascular sap from plants. Leaf feeders can be external (exophytic) or they can mine tissues, sometimes even specifically targeting particular cell types. Phytophagous insect species exist in most insect orders, including Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera.

[0062] Examples of agronomical or non-agronomical invertebrate pests include eggs, larvae, and adults of the order Lepidoptera, such as armyworms, cutworms, loopers, and heliothines (e.g., the corn borer (Sesamia inferens Walker), the beet armyworm (Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre), the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Cramer), the fall armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner), the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval), the yellow-banded armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenée), the cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), the bean cutworm (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner), the green fruit cutworm (Lithophane antennata Walker), and the cabbage cutworm (Barathra). The following moths are included: *Brassicae Linnaeus*, *Pseudoplusia includens Walker*, *Cabbage Looper* (*Trichoplusia ni Hübner*), and *Heliothis virescens Fabricius* (tobacco budworm); moths from the Pyralidae family include: borers, casebearers, webworms, coneworms, cabbage worms, and skeletonizers (e.g., *European corn borer* (*Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner*), *navelorangeworm* (*Amyelois transitella Walker*), corn root webworm (*Crambus caliginosellus Clemens*), and sod moths. webworms (Crambidae: Crambinae),Examples include the sod worm (Herpetogrammalicarsisalis Walker), the sugarcane stem borer (Chiloinfuscatellus Snellen), the tomato small borer (Neoleucinodeselegantalis Guenée), the green leafroller (Cnaphalocrocismedinalis), the grape leaffolder (Desmia funeralis Hübner), the melon worm (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll), the cabbage center grub (Helluala hydralis Guenée), and the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Walker, early shoot borer (Scirpophaga infuscatellus Snellen), white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata Walker), top shoot borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius), dark-headed rice borer (Chilo polychrysus Meyrick), striped rice borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker), cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia binotalis English); leafrollers, budworms, seed worms, and fruit worms of the Tortricidae family (e.g., codling moth (Cydia pomonella)). Linnaeus, grape leafroller (grape berrymoth), grape fruit borer (Endopiza viteana Clemens), oriental fruit moth (oriental fruit moth).Grapholita molesta Busck), citrus false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick), citrus borer (Ecdytolophaaurantiana Lima), redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker), obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneurarosaceana Harris), light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker), European grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella Hübner), apple bud moth (Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott), omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana) Walsingham, the grape brown tortrix (Pandemis cerasana Hübner), the apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana Denis & Schiffermüller); and many other economically important lepidopterans (e.g.,Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus), bollworm (Pectinophoragossypiella Saunders), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), peach fruit moth (Carposinaniponensis Walsingham), peach stripe moth (Anarsia lineatella Zeller), potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller), leaf miner (Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius), apple leafminer (Lithocolletis ringoniella Matsumura), rice leaf roller (Lerodea eufala Edwards), and spiral leaf miner (Leucoptera scitella Zeller); eggs, nymphs, and adults of cockroaches, including cockroaches from the families Blattellidae and Blattidae (e.g.,Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis Linnaeus), Asian cockroach (Blatella asahinai Mizukubo), German cockroach (Blattella germanica Linnaeus), brownbanded cockroach (Supella longipalpa Fabricius), American cockroach (Periplaneta americana Linnaeus), brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister), Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae Fabricius), smoky brown cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa Service), Australian cockroach Cockroaches (Periplaneta australasiae Fabr.), lobster cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier), and smooth cockroaches (Symplocepallens Stephens); larvae and adults of Coleoptera that feed on leaves, fruits, roots, seeds, and vesicle tissue, including weevils from the families Anthribidae, Bruchidae, and Curculionidae (e.g., boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus Kuschel), grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus), rice weevil). weevil,The following species are included in the Chrysomelidae family: *Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus*, *Annual bluegrassweevil* (Listronotus maculicollis Dietz), *Bluegrass billbug* (*Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal*), *Hunting billbug* (*Sphenophorus venatus vestitus*), and *Denver billbug* (*Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fahraeus*). Other leaf beetles include flea beetles, cucumber beetles, rootworms, leaf beetles, potato beetles, and leaf miners (e.g., the Colorado potato beetle (*Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata*)). Say), western cornrootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte); scarabs and other beetles from the Scarabaeidae family (e.g., Japanese beetle (Popilliajaponica Newman), or Oriental beetle (Popilliajaponica Newman)).Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) Baraud, Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis Arrow), Southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata Olivier or C. lurida Bland), Dung beetle and white grub (species of the genus Aphodius), Black turfgrass ataenius (Ataenius spretulus Haldeman), Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida Linnaeus), Asiatic garden beetle (Maladera castanea) Arrow), May / June gill beetles (species of the genus *Phyllophaga*), and European chafer (*Rhizotrogus majalis Razoumowsky*); the red-edged carpet beetle from the family Dermestidae; wireworms from the family Elateridae; bark beetles from the family Scolytidae; and flour beetles from the family Tenebrionidae.

[0063] In addition, agricultural and non-agricultural pests include: eggs, adults and larvae of Dermoptera, including earwigs from the family Forficulidae (e.g., European earwig (Forficulaauricularia Linnaeus) and black earwig (Chelisoches morio Fabricius)).Eggs, larvae, adults, and nymphs of Hemiptera and Homoptera, such as plant bugs from the family Miridae, cicadas from the family Cicadidae, leafhoppers from the family Cicadellidae (e.g., species of the genus Empoasca), potato leafhoppers, and bed bugs from the family Cimicidae (e.g., the temperate bed bug Cimex lectularius). Linnaeus, planthoppers from the families Fulgoroidae and Delphacidae, treehoppers from the family Membracidae, psyllids from the family Psyllidae, whiteflies from the family Aleyrodidae, aphids from the family Aphididae, phylloxera from the family Phylloxeridae, mealybugs from the family Pseudococcidae, scale insects from the families Coccidae, Diaspididae, and Margarodidae, lace bugs from the family Tingidae, and stink bugs from the family Stink bugs. The text lists various types of bugs, including chinchbugs from the Lygaeidae family (e.g., the hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus Montandon) and the southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis Barber)), seed bugs from the Lygaeidae family, spidger bugs from the Cercopidae family, squash bugs from the Coreidae family, and red bugs and cottonstainers from the Cercopidae family.

[0064] Agricultural and non-agricultural pests also include: eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults of mites (Acari), such as spider mites and red mites of the family Tetranychidae (e.g., European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch), two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), and May spider mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor)); flat mites of the family Tenuipalpidae (e.g., grape flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor)); and rust mites and bud mites of the family Eriophyidae. Mites, along with other leaf-feeding mites and mites important to human and animal health, namely dust mites of the Epidermoptidae family, hair follicle mites of the Demodicidae family, and grain mites of the Glycyphagidae family; ticks of the Ixodidae family, commonly known as hard ticks (e.g., deer tick (Ixodes scapularis Say)), Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus Neumann)), American dogtick (Dermacentor variabilis Say)), and lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus)); and ticks of the Argasidae family, commonly known as soft ticks (e.g., relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros)). turicata), common fowl tick (Argas radiatus); scab mite and itch mite from the families Psoroptidae, Pyemotidae and Sarcoptidae.Orthoptera eggs, adults, and larvae include grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets (e.g., migratory grasshoppers (e.g., blood locust (Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius), differential locust (M. differentialis Thomas)), American grasshoppers (e.g., American desert locust (Schistocerca americana Drury)), desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal), migratory locust (Locustamigratoria Linnaeus), bush locust (species of the genus Zonocerus), house cricket (Acheta domesticus Linnaeus), and mole crickets (e.g., tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket). cricket, Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos)));Eggs, adults, and larvae of Diptera include leaf miners (e.g., species of the genus *Liriomyza*, such as the vegetable leafminer *Liriomyza sativae* Blanchard)), midges, fruit flies (Tephritidae), frit flies (e.g., the Swedish frit fly *Oscinella frit* Linnaeus), soil maggots, house flies (e.g., the house fly *Musca domestica* Linnaeus), lesser house flies (e.g., the summer house fly *Fannia canicularis* Linnaeus, the little house fly *F. femoralis* Stein), stable flies (e.g., the stable fly *Stomoxys calcitrans* Linnaeus), face flies, horn flies, and blowflies. flies (e.g., species of the genera *Chrysomya* and *Phormia*) and other muscoid fly pests, horse flies (e.g., species of the genus *Tabanus*), bot flies (e.g., species of the genera *Gastrophilus* and *Oestrus*), cattle grubs (e.g., species of the genus *Hypoderma*), deer flies (e.g., species of the genus *Chrysops*), keds (e.g., sheep tick flies *Melophagus ovinus Linnaeus*) and other Brachycera species, mosquitoes (e.g., species of the genera *Aedes*, *Anopheles*, and *Culex*), black flies (*Aedes*, *Anopheles*, and *Culex*). flies (e.g., species of the genus *Prosimulium*, species of the genus *Simulium*), biting midges, sand flies, sciarids, and other suborders of Nematocera);Eggs, adults, and larvae of Thysanoptera, including onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), flower thrips (species of the genus Frankliniella), and other leaf-feeding thrips; insect pests of Hymenoptera, including ants of the family Formicidae, including Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus Buckley), red carpenter ant (Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius), black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus De Geer), white-footed ant (Technomyrmex albipes fr. Smith), bigheaded ants (species of the genus Pheidole), and ghost ant (Tapinomamelanocephalum Fabricius);Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus), little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata Roger), fire ant (Solenopsis geminata Fabricius), red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren), Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr), crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis Latreille), pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus), cornfield ant (Lasiusalienus Förster), and odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say). Other Hymenoptera include bees (including carpenter bees, hornets, yellowjackets, wasps, and sawflies) (species of the genus *Neodiprion*; species of the genus *Cephus*).Insect pests belonging to the order Isoptera include termites of the families Termitidae (e.g., species of the genera *Macrotermes*, *Odontotermes obesus Rambur*), Kalotermitidae (e.g., species of the genus *Cryptotermes*), and Rhinotermitidae (e.g., species of the genera *Reticulitermes*, *Coptotermes*, *Heterotermes tenuis Hagen*), such as the eastern subterranean termite *Reticulitermesflavipes Kollar*, the western subterranean termite *Reticulitermes hesperus Bank*, the Formosan subterranean termite *Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki*, the western Indian drywood termite *Incisitermes immigrans Snyder*, the powdery termite *Cryptotermes brevis Walker*, and the drywood termite *Incisitermes*. *SnyderiLight*, southeastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes virginicus Banks), western drywood termites (Incisitermes minor Hagen), arboreal termites such as species of the genus *Nasutitermes*, and other economically important termites; insect pests of the order Thysanura, such as silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus) and firebrat (Thermobia domestica Packard);Harpyria are insect pests that feed on trichomes, including head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer), body lice (Pediculus humanus Linnaeus), chicken body lice (Menacanthus stramineus Nitszch), dog biting lice (Trichodectes canis De Geer), fluff lice (Goniocotes gallinae De Geer), sheep body lice (Bovicola ovis Schrank), short-nosed cattle lice (Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch), long-nosed cattle lice (Linognathus vituli Linnaeus), and other sucking and chewing parasitic lice that attack humans and animals.The insect pests of the order Siphonoptera include the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis Curtis), hen flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood), human flea (Pulex irritans Linnaeus), and other fleas that torment mammals and birds. Other arthropod pests covered include: spiders of the order Araneae, such as the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik) and the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans Fabricius); and centipedes of the order Centipede, such as the house centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus).

[0065] Examples of invertebrate pests found in stored grains include the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus), the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), the rice weevil (Stiophilus oryzae), the maize weevil (Stiophilus zeamais), the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), the grain weevil (Stiophilus granarius), the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), the Mediterranean flour beetle (Ephestia kuhniella), and the flat or rusty grain beetle. beetle (Cryptolestis ferrugineus).

[0066] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can be active against members of the classes Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Acanthocephala, including economically important members of the orders Strongylida, Ascaridida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida, Spirurida, and Enoplida, such as, but not limited to, economically important agricultural pests (i.e., root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, root-rot nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus, and stubby root nematodes of the genus Trichodorus) and animal and human health pests (i.e., all economically important trematodes, tapeworms, and roundworms, such as Strongylus vulgaris in horses). The following are examples of worms: *Toxocara canis* (in dogs), *Haemonchus contortus* (in sheep), *Dirofilaria immitis Leidy* (in dogs), *Anoplocephala perfoliata* (in horses), and *Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus* (in ruminants).

[0067] The compositions produced according to this disclosure may have activity against pests in the Lepidoptera order (e.g., the cotton leafminer (Alabama argillacea Hübner), the fruit tree leafroller (Archips argyrospila Walker), and A.*Rosana Linnaeus* (European leafroller) and other species of the genus *Archipes*, *Chilo suppressalis Walker* (rice stem borer), *Cnaphalocrosismedinalis Guenée* (rice leaf roller), *Crambus caliginosellus Clemens* (corn root-knot web borer), *Crambus teterrellus Zincken* (bluegrass webworm), *Cydia pomonella Linnaeus* (codling moth), *Earias insulana Boisduval* (spiny spiny leafminer), *Earias vittella Fabricius* (spotted leafminer), *Helicoverpa armigera Hübner* (American bollworm), and *Helicoverpa zea* (grass armyworm). Boddie (corn budworm), Heliothis virescens Fabricius (tobacco budworm), Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker (sod webworm), Lobesiabotrana Denis & Schiffermüller (grape leafroller), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (pink bollworm), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (citrus leafminer), Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (large white cabbage white butterfly), Pierisrapae Linnaeus (small white cabbage white butterfly), Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (diamond backmoth), Spodoptera exigua Hübner (beet armyworm), Spodopteralitura Fabricius (tobacco cutworm, cluster) caterpillar, fall armyworm (Spodopterafrugiperda JE)Smith (fallen armyworm), Trichoplusia ni Hübner (powdered armyworm), cabbage looper, and tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta Meyrick).

[0068] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can exhibit significant activity against members of the order Hemiptera, including: pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris), cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch), black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), apple aphid (Aphis pomi DeGeer), spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch), foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach), strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell), and wheat aphid (Diuraphisnoxia). Kurdjumov / Mordvilko (Russian wheat aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Paaserini (rosy apple aphid), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (woolly apple aphid), Hyalopterus pruniGeoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (turnip aphid), Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker (cereal aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Myzus persicae Sulzer (peach-potato aphid, green peach aphid), Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (lettuce aphid).Lettuce aphid, species of the genus *Pemphigus* (root aphids and gallaphids), corn aphid (*Rhopalosiphum maidis* Fitch, corn leaf aphid), rice aphid (*Rhopalosiphum padi* Linnaeus, bird cherry-oat aphid), wheat aphid (*Schizaphis graminum* Rondani, greenbug), wheat aphid (*Sitobion avenae* Fabricius, English grainaphid), alfalfa aphid (*Therioaphis maculata* Buckton, spotted alfalfa aphid), orange aphid (*Toxoptera aurantii* Boyer de Fonscolombe, black citrus aphid), and brown orange aphid (*Toxoptera citricida* Kirkaldy, brown citrus). aphids; species of the genus *Adelges* (adigids); pecan phylloxera (*Phylloxera devastatrix* Pergande); whitefly (*Bemisia tabaci* Gennadius) (tobacco whitefly, sweet potato whitefly), silver leaf whitefly (*Bemisia argentifolii* Bellows & Perring), citrus whitefly (*Dialeurodes citri* Ashmead, citrus whitefly), and greenhouse whitefly (*Trialeurodes vaporariorum* Westwood).Greenhouse whitefly; Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris), small brown planthopper (Laodelphaxstriatellus Fallen), aster leafhopper (Macrolestesquadrilineatus Forbes), green leafhopper (Nephotettixcinticeps Uhler), rice leafhopper (Nephotettixnigropictus Stål), brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål), corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis Ashmead), white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera Horvath), rice planthopper (Sogatodes orizicola Muir), apple white leafhopper (Typhlocyba *Pomaria McAtee* (white apple leafhopper), *Erythroneoura* species (grape leafhoppers); *Magicidada septendecim Linnaeus* (periodical cicada); *Icerya purchasi Maskell* (cottony cushion scale), *Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock* (San Jose scale); *Planococcus citri Risso* (citrus mealybug); *Pseudococcus* species (other mealybug groups); *Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster* (pear psylla), *Triozadiospyri Ashmead* (persimmon psylla).

[0069] The compositions produced according to this disclosure may also be active against members of the order Hemiptera, including: *Acrosternum hilare Say* (green stink bug), *Anasatristis De Geer* (squash bug), *Blissus leucopterus Say* (chinch bug), *Cimex lectularius Linnaeus* (bed bug), *Corythucagossypii Fabricius* (cotton lace bug), *Cyrtopeltis modestaDistant* (tomato bug), *Dysdercus suturellus Herrich-Schäffer* (cotton stainer), *Euchistus servus Say* (brown stink bug), and *Euchistus uniflorus* (single-spotted bug). Species of the genus *Variolarius Palisot de Beauvois* (one-spotted stink bug), *Graptosthetus* (complex of seed bugs), *Halymorpha halys Stål* (brown marmorated stink bug), *Leptoglossus corculus Say* (leaf-footed pine seed bug), *Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois* (tarnished plant bug), *Nezara viridula Linnaeus* (southern green stink bug), *Oebalus pugnax Fabricius* (rice stink bug), *Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas* (large milkweed bug), and *Pseudatomoscelis* (cotton stink bug). seriatus Reuter, cotton fleahopper).Other insect orders controlled by the compounds disclosed herein include Thysanoptera (e.g., western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), citrus thrips (Scirthothrips citriMoulton), soybean thrips (Sericothrips variabilis Beach), and onion thrips); and Coleoptera (e.g., potato leaf beetle (Colorado potato beetle), Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant), and wireworms of the genera Agriotes, Athos, or Limonius).

[0070] In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control cotton aphid (Aphisgossypii). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella L.). In some aspects, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to control silver whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring).

[0071] Regarding the bromocyanamide disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cerotoma trifurcata bean leafbeetle, Chaetocnema concinna beet flea beetle, Epilacachna varivestis Mexican bean beetle, Epitrix cucumerispotato flea beetle, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Oulema melanopus cereal leaf beetle, Oulemaoryzae rice leaf beetle, Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle, and Psylliodes species of flea beetles. spp. flea beetles), Curculionidae, Pepper weevil (Anthonomuseugenii pepper weevil), Cabbage weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi cabbage stem weevil), Cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus quadridens cabbage seed-stalk curculio), Plum weevil (Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio), Alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera bruneipennis Egyptian alfalfa weevil), Purple alfalfa leaf weevil (Hypera postica alfalfa weevil), Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil), Nidulidae, Rapeseed beetle (Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle), Blossom beetle (Blossom beetle), Scarabaeidae, Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida green June)beetle, Phyllophora spp. June beetle, grubs, Japanese beetle (Popilliajaponica Japanese beetle), Diptera, Agromyzidae, Liromyza chinensis stone leek leafminer, Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer, Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetable leafminer, Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer, Anthomyiidae, Delia antiqua onion fly, Delia platuraseedcorn maggot, Muscidae, Atherigona oryzae rice Seedlingfly, Psilidae, Carrot Fly (Psila rosae carrot fly), Tephritidae, South American Fruit Fly (Anastrepha fraterculus), Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens Mexican fruit fly), Guava Fruit Fly (Anasterpha striata guavafruit fly), Melon Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae melon fly), Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactroceradorsalis oriental fruit fly), Olive Fly (Bactrocera oleae olive fly), Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly), Pea Leafminer (Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer), Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis cerasi cherry fruitfly), North American Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis cingulata cherry fruit fly), European Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis* *Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot*, *Hemiptera*, *Aleyrodidae*, *Aleyrodes proletella cabbage whitefly*, *Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly*, *cotton whitefly*, *Dialeurodes citri citrus whitefly*, *Trialeurodes vaporariorum*, *greenhouse whitefly*, *Aphididae*, *Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid*, *Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid*, *Aphis fabae black bean aphid*, *Aphis glycines soybean aphid*, *Aphis gossypii cotton* Aphid, Melon Aphid, Buckthorn Aphid (Aphis nasturtii buckthorn aphid), Green Apple Aphid (Aphis pomi greenapple aphid), Spiraea Aphid (Aphis spiraceola spirea aphid), Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthumsolani foxglove aphid), Black Peach Aphid (Brachycaudus persicae black peach aphid), Cabbage Aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid), European Walnut Aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola European walnut aphid), Rose Apple Aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea rosyapple aphid), Peach Aphid (Hyalopterus pruni mealy plum aphid), Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi mustard aphid), Turnip Aphid, Potato Aphid (Macrosiphumeuphorbiae potato aphid), Green Peach Aphid (Myzus)The following aphids are listed: persicae green peach aphid, peachpotato aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae plum aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, Sitobion avenae English grain aphid, Therioaphis maculata spotted alfalfa aphid, Toxoptera citricida brown citrus aphid, oriental citrus aphid, Cicadellidae, Empoasca fabae leafhopper / jassid complex, Empoasca vitisgreen frogfly, and Hortensia similis common green. Leafhopper, *Idioscopus* spp. mango leafhopper, *Jacobiascalybica cotton jassid*, *Nephotettix* spp. rice greenleafhopper complex, *Typhlocyba rosae rose leafhopper*, *Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper*, rice bug (Coreidae Leptocorisaoratorius rice bug), rice ear bug, paddy bug, planthopper (Delphacidae), rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper), scale insect (Diaspididae), citrus red scale insect (Aonidiella aurantii citrus scale), planthopper (Flatidae), citrus planthopper (Metcalfa pruinosa) citrus flatidPlanthopper, Pentatomidae, *Euschistus spp. brown stinkbugs*, *Edessa spp. stinkbugs*, Psyllidae, *Diaphorina citriAsian citrus psyllid*, *Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid*, *tomato psyllid*, *Trioza eugeniae eugenia psyllid*, *lillypilly psyllid*, Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae, *Hoplocampa testudinea European apple sawfly*, Lepidoptera, Crombidae, *Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice)* stemborer, Gelechiidae, Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer, Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm, Pectinophora gossypiella pink bollworm, Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer, Gracillariidae, Gracillaria theivora tea leafroller, Phyllonorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter coryfoliella nut leaf blister moth, Phyllonorycter crataegella apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter ringoniella apple leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella westernThe following are listed: * ... Semi-looper, Egyptian bollworm (Earias insulana), Northern rough bollworm (Earias vittella), Feltia subterranea granulate cutworm, American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), cotton bollworm, Climbing cutworm (Helicoverpa punctigera), Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli), True armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), Soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens), Rice stem borer (Sesamia inferens)Pink (rice) stemborer), Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm), Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm), Cotton fall armyworm (Spodoptera littoraliscotton leafworm), Spodoptera litura cluster caterpillar, Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar, Trichoplusia nicabbage looper, Leaf miners (Phyllocnistidae), Citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrellacitrus leafminer), Butterflies (Pieridae), Alfalfa white butterfly (Colias eurytheme alfalfa caterpillar), Leptophobia aripa green-eyed white, Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicaecabbage) butterfly), large white butterfly, cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae importedcabbage worm), cabbage white butterfly, Plutellidae family, diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella diamondback moth), Pyralidae family, rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder), Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillar, grape leaf roller (Desmia funeralisgrape leaffolder), melon leaf roller (Diaphania indica cotton caterpillar), melon leaf roller (Diaphania nitidaltis melonworm), Hellula hydralis cabbage center grub, Chinese cabbage moth (Hellula undalis cabbage).Webworm, rice leaf folder (Lerodea eufala rice leaffolder), yellow-spotted fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruit borer), bean pod borer (Maruca testulalis bean pod borer), small tomato borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis small tomato borer), rice caseworm (Nymphula depunctalis rice caseworm), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnicalis Asiancorn borer), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer), Sphingidae, tomato hornworm (Manduca sexta tomato hornworm), tobacco hornworm (tobaccohornworm), Smerinthus spp. sphinx moths, Tortricidae, Adoxophyes orana summer fruit borer (Adoxophyes orana summer fruit) tortrix, grape leafroller (Argyrotaenia pulchellana grape tortrix), red-banded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana red-banded leafroller), rose oblique-banded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller), grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth), apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella codling moth), apple lesser apple worm (Cydia prunivora lesser apple worm), pear lesser fruit moth (Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth), grape vine moth (Lobesia botrana grape vine moth), apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana apple brown tortrix), three-lined leaf roller (Pandemis limitata three-lined leaf roller), navel orange moth (Paramyelois transitella navel)Orange worm, apple bud leafroller (Platynota idaeusalis tufted applebud moth), Dutch carnation leafroller (Platynota stultana omnivorus leafroller), Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Enneothrips flavens, tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips), European flower thrips (Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips), common flower thrips (Frankliniella schultzei common blossom thrips), eastern flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici eastern flower thrips), cowpea thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti cowpeathrips), bean blossom thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus bean blossom thrips), citrus thrips (Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips, tea thrips (Scirthothrips dorsalis yellowtea thrips), chili thrips, soybean thrips (Sericothrips variabilis soybeanthrips), oriental rice thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis oriental rice thrips), cotton thrips (Thrips arizonensis cotton thrips), peach thrips (Thrips meridionalis peach thrips), melon thrips (Thrips palmi melon thrips), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci onion thrips), and common cotton thrips.

[0072] Regarding some of the bromocyanamides disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle), rice leaf beetle (Oulemaoryzae rice leaf beetle), cabbage flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciiferae cabbage fleabeetle), striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata striped flea beetle), flea beetle species of the genus Psylliodes spp. flea beetles, pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii pepper weevil), plum weevil (Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus rice water weevil), rapeseed beetle (Meligethes aeneus pollen beetle), cherry blossom beetle (Blossom beetle), and onion leafminer (Liromyza chinensis stone leek). Leafminer, pea leafminer (Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer), American serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza sativaeserpentine / vegetable leafminer), clover leafminer (Liromyza trifolii Americanserpentine leafminer), onion seed fly (Delia antiqua onion fly), gray seed fly (Deliaplatura seedcorn maggot), carrot stem fly (Psila rosae carrot fly), citrus fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit fly), olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae olivefly), Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Mediterranean fruit fly), European cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis indifferens western cherry fruit fly), apple fruit fly (Rhagoletis pomonella apple maggot), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly)Potato whitefly, cotton whitefly, greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), greenhouse whitefly, pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid), cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivoracowpea aphid), broad bean aphid (Aphis fabae black bean aphid), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii cottonaphid), melon aphid, green apple aphid (Aphis pomi green apple aphid), spiraceola spirea aphid, foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani foxglove aphid), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae cabbage aphid), rose apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginearosy apple aphid), mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi mustard) aphid, turnipaphid, potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae potato aphid), green peach aphid (Myzuspersicae green peach aphid), peach potato aphid, Rhopalosiphumpadi bird cherry oat aphid, Schizaphis graminum greenbug, English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae English grain aphid), brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida browncitrus aphid), oriental citrus aphid, false-eyed green leafhopper (Empoasca vitisgreen frogfly), mango brown leafhopper (Idioscopus spp. mangoleafhopper), rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens rice brown planthopper), citrus red scale insect (Aonidiella aurantii citrus) scale), the brown bug (Euschistus spp.), a species of the genus Euschisandrus.Brownstinkbugs, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid), potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli potato psyllid), tomato psyllid, rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas yellow (rice) stemborer), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatellapeach twig borer), tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer), white coffee leafminer (Leucoptera coffeella white coffee leafminer), cotton leafminer (Alabama argillacea cottonton leafworn), American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera American bollworm), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm), corn ear borer (Helicoverpa zea corn Earworm, soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper), rice stem borer (Sesamia inferenspink (rice) stemborer), southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda fallarmyworm), cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm), beet armyworm (Spodopteralitura cluster caterpillar), dry-weather moth (Thermesia gemmatalis velvetbeancaterpillar), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer), cabbage white butterfly (Pieris)brassicae cabbagebutterfly, large white cabbage butterfly, cabbage white cabbage butterfly, cabbage white cabbage butterfly, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella diamondback moth), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocerus medinalis rice leaffolder), yellow fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis brinjal fruitborer), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnicalis Asian corn borer), (Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer), rose leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller), grape leafroller (Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth), apple leafroller (Cydia pomonella codling moth), pear fruit moth (Grapholita molesta oriental). Fruit moth, grape vine moth (Lobesia botrana grape vine moth), tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips), European flower thrips (Frankliniella intonsa European flower thrips), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips), citrus thrips (Scirthothrips citri citrus thrips), yellow tea thrips (Scirthothrips dorsalis yellowtea thrips), chili thrips, melon thrips (Thrips palmi melon thrips), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci onion thrips), and common cotton thrips.

[0073] Regarding some of the bromocyanamides disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: *Conotrachelus nenuphar plum curculio*, *Liromyza huidobrensis pea leafminer*, *Liriomyza sativae serpentine / vegetableleafminer*, *Liromyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer*, *Bemisia tabaci sweet potato whitefly*, *cotton whitefly*, *Trialeurodes vaporariorum*, *greenhouse whitefly*, *Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid*, *Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid*, *Aphis gossypii cotton aphid*, *melon aphid*, and *Brevicorynebrassicae cabbage*. aphid, rose apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea rosy apple aphid), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae green peach aphid), peach potato aphid, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Asian citrus psyllid), potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerellipotato psyllid), tomato psyllid, rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas yellow(rice) stemborer), peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella peach twig borer), tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta tomato leafminer), white coffee leafminer (Leucoptera coffeella whitecoffee leafminer), cotton leafminer (Alabama argillacea cotton leafworn), American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera American)Bollworm, cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa punctigera climbing cutworm, Heliothis virescenstobacco budworm, Helicoverpa zea corn earworm, soybean looper, Sesamia inferens pink (rice)stemborer, Spodoptera eridania southern armyworm, Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Spodoptera littoralis cotton leafworm, Spodopteralitura cluster caterpillar, citrus leafminer, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth. Rice stem borer (Chilosuppressalis Asiatic rice stemborer), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocerus medinalis riceleaffolder), rose leaf roller (Choristoneura rosaceana oblique-banded leafroller), grape leaf roller (Eupoecilia ambiguella grape berry moth), apple leaf roller (Cydia pomonella codling moth), pear fruit moth (Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth), grape vine moth (Lobesia botrana grape vine moth), tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca tobacco thrips), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis western flowerthrips), and yellow tea thrips (Scirthothrips dorsalis yellow tea).Thrips, chili thrips, melon thrips (Thrips palmi melon thrips), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci onionthrips), and common cotton thrips.

[0074] Regarding chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: Coleoptera (Chrysomelida, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle, Curculionidae, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus rice water weevil, Listronotus maculicollis annualbluegrass weevil, Oryzophagus oryzae rice water weevil, Sphenophorus spp. Billbug, Scarabaeidae Ataenius spretulus black turfgrass ataenius, Aphodius spp. scarab beetles, Cotinis nitida green June beetle). The order includes the following species: *Cyclocephala spp. masked chafers*, *Exomala orientalis oriental beetle grub*, *Maladera castanea Asiaticgarden beetle*, *Phyllophaga spp. June beetles*, *Popillia japonica Japanese beetle*, and *Rhizotrogus majalis European chafer*; Diptera (Agromyzidae, *Chromatomyia horticola garden pea leafminer*, and *Liriomyza spp. Leafminers*); Hemiptera (Aleyrodidae, *Bemisia spp.*).Whitefly, *Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly*, Cicadellidae, and *Typhlocyba pomaria white apple leafhopper*; Isoptera (Rhinotermitidae, *Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite*, Termitidae, *Microtermes obesisugarcane termite*, and *Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite*); and Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, *Estigmene acrea saltmarshcaterpillar*, Crombidae, *Achyra rantalis garden webworm*, and *Desmia funeralis grapevine*). Leaffolder, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer), Gelechiidae, peach-leaf moth (Anarsia lineatella peachtwig borer), tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella tomato pinworm), potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella potato tuberworm), American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta S.).American tomato pinworm, Geometridae, Operaphthera brumatawinter moth, Gracilaridae, Phylloctnistis citrella citrusleafminer, Lithocolletis ringoniella apple leafminer, Phylloctorycter blancardella spotted tentiform leafminer, Lyonetidae, Leucoptera spp. (i.e., malifoliella, coffee leafminer), pear leaf blister moth, Noctuidae, Agrotis ipsilon black cutworm, Alabamaargillacea cotton leafworm, Amphipyra pyramidoides humped The following are listed as examples of leafminer moths: greenfruitworm, soybean cutworm (Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar), Y-striped cutworm (Autographa gamma common silver Y moth), cabbage cutworm (Barathra brassicae cabbagearmyworm), Earias spp. (i.e., huegeliana, insulana, vitella) rough, spiny, northern rough bollworm), and Helicoverpa spp.(i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, tobacco budworm (Heliothisvirescens tobacco budworm), green fruit budworm (Lithophane antennata green fruitworm), cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae cabbage moth), green fruit moth (Orthosia hibisci greenfruitworm), grape vine moth (Phalaenoides glycinae grape vine moth), tomato semi-looper (Phytometra acuta tomato semi-looper), soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens soybeanlooper), beet armyworm (Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis), fall armyworm, Egyptian cottonleafworm, cabbage silver-striped moth (Trichoplusia ni cabbage) Looper, Pieris spp. (brassica, rapae) large white, cabbage worm, Plutellidae diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller, Crambus spp. sod webworm, Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage clustercaterpillar, Diaphania spp.(i.e., hyalinata, nitidalis) melonworm), pickleworm, small sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), Brazilian sugarcane borer, South American corn seedling borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus lesserstalk borer), cabbage cross-stripped borer (Evergestis rimosalis cross-stripped cabbageworm), soybean leaffolder (Hedylepta indicata), Hellula spp. (i.e., hydralis, undalis) cabbage center-grub, cabbage webworm, eggplant shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruit borer), and pod borer (Maruca spp. pod). *Neoleucinodes elegantalistomato small borer*, *Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / ricestem borer*, *Sesamia spp. (i.e., inferens, nonagrioides) pinkstem borer / corn stalk borer*, *Sphingidae*, *Manduca spp. (i.e., quinquemaculata, sexta) tomato / tobacco hornworm*, *Tortricidae*, *Adoxophyes orana summer fruit tortrix*, *Argyrotaenia spp. (i.e., pulchellana, velutinana) grape tortrix*, redbanded... The following species are listed: leafroller, Brazilian apple leafroller (Bonagota cranaodes Brazilianapple leafroller), and peach fruit borer (Carposina spp.).(i.e., niponensis, sasak) peach fruit borer), peach fruit moth, rose oblique-banded leafroller (Choristoneurarosaceana obliquebanded leafroller), apple heteromorphic leafroller (Cryptophlebia leucotreta false codling moth), apple leafroller (Cydia pomonella codling moth), citrus fruit borer (Ecdytolopha aurantiana citrus borer), grape leafroller (Endopiza vitana grapeberry moth), apple light brown leafroller (Epiphyas postvittana light brown apple moth), European grape leafroller (Eupoecilia ambiguella European grape berry moth), pear fruit moth (Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth), European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana European grapevine moth), brown leafroller (Pandemis) spp. (i.e., cerasana, heparana, barred fruit tree tortrix, limitata, pyrusana) apple brown tortrix), three-lined leafroller, (apple pandemic), *Platynota spp. (i.e., idaeusalis, stultana) tufted apple bud moth), omnivorous leafroller, Zygaenidae, and Harrisina spp. (i.e., Americana, brillian) grapeleaf / western grapeleaf skeletonizer.

[0075] In some respects of chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata Colorado potato beetle), leafminer (Liriomyza spp. Leafminers), whitefly (Bemisia spp. Whitefly), banded-winged whitefly (Trialeurodes abutiloneus bandedwinged whitefly), sugarcane termite (Heterotermes tenuis sugarcane termite), sugarcane termite (Microtermes obesisugarcane termite), sugarcane termite (Odontotermes obesus sugarcane termite), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis European corn borer), peach twig borer (Anarsialineatella peach twig borer), potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella potatotuberworm), and American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta S. Americana). Tomato pinworm, citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella citrus leafminer), spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycterblancardella spotted tentiform leafminer), coffee leafminer (Leucopteras spp. (i.e., malifoliella, coffeeella)), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea cotton leafworm), soybean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis velvetbean caterpillar), and fruit borer (Helicoverpa spp.).(i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, tobacco armyworm (Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm), soybean armyworm (Pseudoplusia includenssoybean looper), beet armyworm (Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis)), fall armyworm, Egyptian cottonleafworm, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni cabbage looper), large white butterfly (Pieris spp. (i.e., brassica, rapae)), imported cabbage worm, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella diamondback moth), orange moth (Amyelois transitella navelorangeworm), rice moth (Chilo) spp. (i.e., infuscatellus, polychrysus, suppressalis) sugarcane / rice stem borers), rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis rice leafroller), small sugarcane stem borer (Diatraea saccharalis), Brazilian sugarcane borer (Brazilian sugarcane borer), eggplant yellow spotted borer (Leucinodes orbonalis eggplant shoot and fruitborer), scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer (Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer), sesamia spp. (i.e., inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / cornstalk borer (Sesamia spp. (i.e., inferens, nonagrioides) pink stem borer / cornstalk borer), and Carposina spp. peach fruit borer.(i.e., *Niponensis*, *Sasaki*, *Peach Fruit Borer*, *Peach Fruit Moth*, *Choristoneurarosaceana* obliquebanded leafroller*, *Cydia pomonella* codling moth*, *Eupoecilia ambiguella* European grape berry moth*, *Grapholita molesta* oriental fruit moth*, and *Lobesia botrana* European grapevine moth).

[0076] In some respects of chlorantraniliprole disclosed herein, compositions produced according to this disclosure are effective against the following: leafminer species *Liriomyza spp.* Leafminers, whitefly species *Bemisia spp.* Whitefly, *Trialeurodes abutiloneus* bandedwinged whitefly, sugarcane termite (*Heterotermes tenuis* sugarcane termite), *Microtermes obesi* sugarcane termite, and *Odontotermes obesus* sugarcane termite, European corn borer (*Ostrinia nubilalis* European corn borer), peach twig borer (*Anarsialineatella* peach twig borer), American tomato pinworm (*Tuta absoluta S.* American tomatopinworm), and soybean cutworm (*Anticarsia gemmatalis* velvetbean). Caterpillar), Helicoverpa spp. (i.e., armigera, punctigera, zea) bollworms / budworms / fruitworms, Heliothis virescens tobacco budworm, Pseudoplusia includens soybean looper, Spodoptera spp. (i.e., exigua, frugiperda, littoralis) beet armyworm, fall armyworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, Plutella xylostella diamondback moth, Amyelois transitella navel orangeworm, Chilo spp. (Corydalis spp.)(i.e., *infuscatellus*, *polychrysus*, *suppressalis*, *sugarcane / rice stem borers*), *Cnaphalocrocis medinalis* rice leafroller, *Diatraeas accharalis*, *Brazilian sugarcane borer*, *Scirpophaga spp. sugarcane / rice stem borer*, *Cydia pomonella codling moth*, *Grapholita molesta oriental fruit moth*, and *Lobesia botrana* European grapevine moth.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pests are selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of: fruit flies, fruit flies, South American fruit fly, Mexican fruit fly, striped fruit fly, melon fly, oriental fruit fly, olive fruit fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, pea leafminer, cherry leafminer, cherry fruit fly, cherry fly, apple fruit fly, apple maggot, and combinations thereof.

[0078] The compositions produced according to this disclosure can be used to protect agronomic field crops, other non-agronomic horticultural crops, and plants from phytophagous invertebrate pests. This utility includes protecting crops and other plants (i.e., agronomic and non-agronomic) containing genetic material introduced through genetic engineering (i.e., transgenic) or modified through mutagenesis to provide advantageous traits. Examples of such traits include herbicide tolerance, resistance to phytophagous pests (e.g., insects, mites, aphids, spiders, nematodes, snails, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses), improved plant growth, increased tolerance to adverse growth conditions (e.g., high or low temperatures, low or high soil moisture, and high salinity), increased flowering or fruiting, larger harvest yields, faster maturity, higher quality and / or nutritional value of harvested products, or improved storage or processing characteristics of harvested products. Transgenic plants can be modified to express a variety of traits. Examples of plants containing traits provided by genetic engineering or mutagenesis include corn, cotton, soybean, and potato varieties that express Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, such as YIELD GARD. ® KNOCKOUT ® STARLINK ®BOLLGARD ® NuCOTN ® and NEWLEAF ® INVICTA RR2 PRO TM and herbicide-tolerant varieties of corn, cotton, soybeans, and rapeseed, such as Roundup Ready. ® LIBERTY LINK ® IMI ® STS ® and CLEARFIELD ® This includes crops expressing N-acetyltransferase (GAT) to provide resistance to glyphosate herbicides, or crops containing an HRA gene that provides resistance to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). The compositions produced according to this disclosure can synergistically interact with traits introduced through genetic engineering or modified through mutagenesis, thereby enhancing the phenotypic expression or effectiveness of the trait, or increasing the invertebrate pest control effectiveness of the compounds and compositions of this invention. In particular, the compositions produced according to this disclosure can synergistically interact with the phenotypic expression of proteins or other natural products toxic to invertebrate pests to provide greater than additive control of these pests, i.e., producing a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.

[0079] The plants covered by this disclosure include crops, vegetables, fruits, trees other than fruit trees, lawns, and other uses (flowers, biofuel plants, and ornamental foliage). Crops include: maize, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beets, rapeseed, sunflowers, sugarcane, tobacco, and other crops known in the art. Vegetables include: Solanaceae (e.g., eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, black pepper, and potato); Cucurbitaceae (e.g., cucumber, squash, zucchini, watermelon, and cantaloupe); Cruciferae (e.g., radish, daikon radish, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, kale, mustard greens, broccoli, and cauliflower); Asteraceae (e.g., burdock, garland chrysanthemum, artichoke, and lettuce); Liliaceae (e.g., green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus); Apiaceae (e.g., carrot, parsley, celery, and parsnip); Chenopodiaceae (e.g., spinach and Swiss chard); and Mintaceae (e.g., basil, mint, and peppermint). Fruits include: pomegranates (e.g., apples, pears, Japanese pears, Japanese pears, and quince); firm-fleshed fruits (e.g., peaches, plums, nectarines, apricots, and dried plums); citrus fruits (e.g., mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits); nuts (e.g., chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashews, and macadamia nuts); berries (e.g., blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, strawberries, and raspberries); grapes; persimmons; olives; Japanese plums; bananas; coffee; dates; coconuts; and oil palms. Trees other than fruit trees include: tea; mulberry; and other trees (e.g., ash, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple, oak, poplar, jujube, sweetgum, sycamore, beech, Japanese cypress, fir, hemlock, juniper, pine, spruce, Manchurian yew, elm, Japanese horse chestnut, coral tree, podocarpus, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, croton, Japanese euonymus, and glossy photinia). Lawn uses include: turf (e.g., zoysia grass, Manila grass); bermudagrass; small grass; fescue; ryegrass. Floral uses include: roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, lisianthus, baby's breath, sage, marigolds, sage, petunias, verbena, tulips, asters, gentians, lilies, pansies, cyclamen, orchids, lily of the valley, lavender, violets, ornamental cabbage, primroses, poinsettias, gladioli, orchids, daisies, and begonias. Biofuel plants include: Jatropha curcas, safflower, flaxseed, switchgrass, sedge, reed, kenaf, cassava, and willow.

[0080] Compositions produced according to the methods disclosed herein can be used to treat all plants or any part of a plant. As used herein, the term "plant" should be understood to mean all plants or plant populations, such as wild or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants) whether desired or not. Crop plants can be plants that can be obtained through conventional breeding and optimization methods or biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations thereof, including transgenic plants and including plant cultivars that may or may not be protected by plant breeder's rights. Plant parts should be understood to mean all parts and organs of a plant above and below ground, such as embryos, leaves, flowers, and roots; examples that may be mentioned include leaves, needles, stems, stalks, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits, and seeds, as well as roots, tubers, and rhizomes. Plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and reproductive propagation material, such as cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, branches, and seeds.

[0081] Treatment of plants and plant parts with the composition produced according to the method disclosed herein is carried out by direct contact with the plant or plant parts or by acting on the plant's environment, habitat, or storage space using conventional treatment methods. For example, the treatment as described herein can be carried out by: impregnation, spraying, evaporation, atomization, broadcasting, dispersing, injection, and, in the case of propagation material—particularly in the case of seeds—applying a coating containing the composition (optionally with an additional layer).

[0082] In one embodiment, the composition produced according to the method disclosed herein is delivered to the plant by air. In another embodiment, the composition produced according to the disclosure is delivered to the plant via an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In yet another embodiment, the composition produced according to the disclosure is delivered to the plant via a helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft.

[0083] This disclosure may process wild plant species and cultivars, or those obtained through conventional biological breeding methods such as hybridization or protoplast fusion, and portions thereof. Furthermore, it may process transgenic plants and cultivars, and portions thereof, obtained through genetic engineering methods, if appropriate, in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms). According to this disclosure, it may process commercially available or in-use cultivars. A cultivar should be understood to mean a plant possessing novel characteristics (“traits”) obtained through conventional breeding, mutagenesis, or recombinant DNA techniques. These may be cultivars, biotypes, or genotypes.

[0084] The genetically modified plants and cultivars (obtained through genetic engineering) that can be processed under this disclosure include all plants from which genetic material is obtained through genetic modification, conferring particularly advantageous and useful traits. Examples of such traits include better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, faster maturation, higher harvest yield, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested product, and better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested product. Further, particularly emphasized examples of such traits include better plant resistance to animal and microbial pests (such as insects, mites, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and / or viruses), and increased plant tolerance to certain herbicidal active compounds. Examples of genetically modified plants include important crop plants such as cereals (wheat, rice), corn, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas, and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, rapeseed, and fruit plants (fruits include apples, pears, citrus fruits, and grapes), with a focus on corn, soybeans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, and rapeseed. Traits include increased plant resistance to insects, spiders, nematodes, slugs, and snails through toxins formed in the plant, particularly those formed through genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb, and CryIF, and combinations thereof) (“Bt plants”). Other traits include increased plant resistance to fungi, bacteria, and viruses through systemically acquired tolerance (SAR), systemins, phytoalexins, inducers, and resistance genes, as well as the corresponding expressed proteins and toxins. Traits also include increased plant tolerance to certain herbicidal active compounds such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate, or phosphinotricin (e.g., the “PAT” gene). Genes conferring the desired traits discussed can also be combined in transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” include those marketed under the trade name YIELD GARD. ® (e.g., corn, cotton, soybeans), KnockOut ® (e.g., corn), Starlink ® (e.g., corn), Bollgard ® (Cotton), Nucotn ® (Cotton) and NewLeaf ® (Potatoes) Corn varieties, cotton varieties, soybean varieties, and potato varieties are sold. An example of a herbicide-tolerant plant is listed under the trade name Roundup Ready. ® (Tolerance to glyphosate, such as in corn, cotton, and soybeans), Liberty Link® (Tolerance to glufosinate, such as rapeseed), IMI ® (Tolerance to imidazolinone) and STS ® (Sulfonylurea tolerant, such as corn) Corn varieties, cotton varieties, and soybean varieties are sold. Herbicide-tolerant plants (herbicide-tolerant plants propagated in a conventional manner) include those under the name Clearfield. ® (For example, corn) The varieties sold. Agricultural crops are selected from the following groups: cereals, fruit trees, citrus fruits, legumes, horticultural crops, melons, oil plants, tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar beets, sugarcane, and cotton.

[0085] Depending on the plant species or cultivar, its location, and growing conditions (soil, climate, growing season, diet), the treatments disclosed herein may also produce additive (“synergistic” effects. Therefore, for example, it is possible to achieve effects beyond what is actually expected, such as reduced application rates and / or broadened activity spectrum and / or increased activity of substances and compositions that can be used according to this disclosure, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, faster maturation, higher harvest yield, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of harvested products, and better storage stability and / or processability of harvested products.

[0086] Crops protected by compositions produced according to the methods disclosed herein include, for example, cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, sorghum, etc.), fruit trees (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc.), citrus trees (oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits, etc.), legumes (kidney beans, peas, lentils, soybeans, etc.), vegetables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc.), melons (pumpkins, zucchini, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc.), oilseed plants (sunflowers, rapeseed, peanuts, castor beans, coconuts, etc.), tobacco, coffee, tea, cocoa, beets, sugarcane, and cotton.

[0087] To protect agricultural crops, the composition produced according to the method disclosed herein can be applied to any part of the plant, or applied to the seed before sowing, or applied to the soil in which the plant grows.

[0088] Non-agricultural uses refer to the control of invertebrate pests in areas outside the field of crop plants. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure include the control of invertebrate pests in stored grains, legumes, and other food products, as well as textiles such as clothing and carpets. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of invertebrate pests in ornamental plants, forests, yards, roadsides, railway land, and turf such as lawns, golf courses, and pastures. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of invertebrate pests in houses and other buildings that may be occupied by humans and / or companion animals, farm animals, ranch animals, zoo animals, or other animals. Non-agricultural uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include the control of pests such as termites that may damage timber or other structural materials used in buildings.

[0089] Non-agricultural uses of the compositions produced according to this disclosure also include protecting human and animal health by controlling parasitic or disease-transmitting invertebrate pests. Control of animal parasites includes controlling external parasites that parasitize the surface of the host animal (e.g., shoulders, armpits, abdomen, inner thighs) and internal parasites that parasitize the body of the host animal (e.g., stomach, intestines, lungs, veins, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatic tissue). External parasitic or disease-transmitting pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice, mosquitoes, flies, mites, and fleas. Internal parasites include heartworms, hookworms, and worms. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are suitable for systemic and / or non-systemic control of parasitic infestations or infections in animals. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are particularly suitable for combating external parasitic or disease-transmitting pests. The compositions produced according to this disclosure are suitable for combating parasites that infest the following animals: agricultural working animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and bees; pet animals and domesticated animals, such as dogs, cats, pet birds, and aquarium fish; and so-called laboratory animals, such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. By combating these parasites, mortality and performance degradation (in meat, milk, wool, fur, eggs, honey, etc.) are reduced, thus allowing for more economical and simpler animal husbandry through the application of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0090] The composition examples disclosed herein can be combined with the method examples disclosed herein in any way. Similarly, the method examples disclosed herein can be combined in any way. Therefore, the following examples are to be interpreted as illustrative only and are not intended to limit this disclosure in any way.

[0091] This disclosure further covers a method for preparing a composition according to this disclosure by forming a mixture comprising: a) an agricultural chemically active ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and e) optionally, a preservative.

[0092] This disclosure further covers a method for preparing a composition according to this disclosure, the method comprising dispersing an agriculturally active chemical ingredient in a mixture of water and a dispersant and optionally a freeze-thaw stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, and / or a preservative; wet milling the mixture to an average particle size of about 0.1 to about 15 micrometers, preferably about 1 to about 8 micrometers, and adding a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor. The method may further include the step of adding the resulting mixture to a liquid fertilizer. The formulation may be applied in furrows together with one or more liquid fertilizers.

[0093] This disclosure further covers a method for controlling pests, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprising: a) an agriculturally active chemical ingredient; b) a dispersant; c) a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor; d) a freeze-thaw stabilizer; and e) optionally, a preservative.

[0094] This disclosure also covers a method for controlling unwanted insects or fungi and providing nutrients to plants, the method comprising applying a combination of a bioavailable amount of liquid fertilizer with one of the compositions disclosed herein to an area infested by such insects or fungi and including such plants. Example

[0095] The compositions disclosed herein are further illustrated by the following examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way, as further modifications covered by this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure as defined in this specification and the claims.

[0096] Example 1. The composition according to this disclosure.

[0097] The compositions according to this disclosure are prepared as shown in the table below. Example 19 further comprises propylene glycol, Example 20 further comprises glycerol, and Example 21 further comprises glycerol and microfibrillated cellulose (Exilva F 01-L).

[0098]

[0099] The properties of the compositions disclosed herein were measured as shown in the table below. Viscosity data were recorded at 5 RPM using a Brookfield viscometer rotor 3.

[0100]

[0101] Example 2. Based on the compatibility tests of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0102] Liquid fertilizer (LF) compatibility testing was conducted as follows. Procedure: 150 g of liquid fertilizer (10-34-0) was dispensed into a 200 ml container and stirred at 500 RPM. During stirring, 3-7.5 g of the LFR formulation according to this disclosure was added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. The mixture was then poured into a 100 ml graduated cylinder, and phase separation was visually inspected. Selected samples were cross-checked using analytical methods to confirm homogeneity in the liquid fertilizer, with samples taken from the bottom of the cylinder at the desired time for analytical determination.

[0103] The properties of the compositions disclosed herein were measured as shown in the table below.

[0104]

[0105] Examples 3 and 5 were observed to exhibit particularly good homogeneity over an 8-hour test period. Examples 12, 13, and 14 were also observed to exhibit particularly good homogeneity over a 6-hour test period.

[0106] Example 3. A composition according to this disclosure containing a bioactive ingredient.

[0107] The compositions according to this disclosure are prepared as shown in the table below. RTI184 is Bacillus licheniformis strain RTI184, RTI301 is Bacillus bengal strain RTI301, RTI477 is Bacillus subtilis strain RTI477, and RTI545 is Bacillus thuringiensis strain RTI545.

[0108]

[0109] Measurements were performed according to the properties of the compositions disclosed herein, as shown in the table below. Viscosity data were recorded at 5 RPM using a Brookfield viscometer rotor 3. Colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter were also measured for these formulations containing the bioactive ingredient. Due to a lack of homogeneity, CFU per milliliter could not be measured for Example 22.

[0110]

[0111] Liquid fertilizer (LF) compatibility testing was conducted as described above.

[0112] The properties of the compositions disclosed herein were measured as shown in the table below.

[0113]

[0114] Examples 23-25 ​​were observed to exhibit good homogeneity over the 6-hour testing period. No decrease in CFU / mL was observed during the test.

[0115] Even before mixing with LF, Example 22 did not demonstrate homogeneity, and therefore CFU / mL could not be measured. Thus, the active ingredient of Example 22 was found to be incompatible with CSL.

[0116] The test data above indicate that the compositions disclosed herein are surprisingly homogeneous throughout the compatibility tests, demonstrating good physical stability. Therefore, corn steep liquor can be used as a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent and also provides inherent safety and fertilizer benefits.

[0117] While this disclosure has been described with emphasis on preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations of the preferred compositions and methods may be used, and that this disclosure is intended to be practiced in ways other than those specifically described herein. Therefore, this disclosure includes all modifications covered within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: a) Agricultural chemical active ingredients; b) Dispersant; c) Liquid fertilizer compatibility agents containing corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) Freeze-thaw stabilizers, and e) Optionally, preservatives.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The dispersant is selected from sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate condensates, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, polymers of naphthalene sulfonic acid with formaldehyde and sodium, naphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salts, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate salts, sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate salts, lignosulfonic acid, phenol sulfonate condensates, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid. Esters, polyacrylate graft copolymers, sodium salts of fatty acid methyl taurine, sodium salts of cresol-formaldehyde condensation products, styrene-acrylic acid copolymers, phosphate esters, alkoxylated fatty alcohol phosphate esters, arylphenol ethoxylated phosphate esters, arylphenol ethoxylated sulfate esters, maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers, maleic acid / olefin copolymers, alkyl diphenoxy sulfonates, salts of vinyl ether polymers and copolymers, ethoxylated phosphate ester salts, sugar derivatives, sucrose esters, alkyl polysaccharides, alkyl polysaccharides, their copolymers, their salts, and combinations thereof.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein, This salt includes sodium or potassium salts.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The liquid fertilizer compatibility agent further comprises a liquid fertilizer compatibility agent selected from the following: clay, attapulgite clay, microfibrillated cellulose, gum arabic, silica, fumed silica, and combinations thereof.

5. The composition of claim 1, comprising: a) Approximately 0.1% to approximately 40% of this agricultural chemical active ingredient; b) Approximately 0.2% to approximately 20% of the dispersant; c) 0.5% to approximately 65% ​​of the liquid fertilizer compatibility agent comprising corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) Approximately 1% to approximately 10% of the freeze-thaw stabilizer, and e) 0.01% to about 1% of this preservative, Where all percentages are based on the total weight of all components in the composition by weight.

6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising liquid fertilizer and optionally water.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein, This liquid fertilizer is water-based.

8. The composition of claim 6, wherein, The liquid fertilizer is present at a concentration ranging from about 40.0% to about 99.99% by weight, based on the total weight of all components in the composition.

9. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, defoamers, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The freeze-thaw stabilizers include glycerol, propylene glycol, urea, ammonium sulfate, and combinations thereof.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The agricultural chemical active ingredients are selected from insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), pheromones, biological agents, and combinations thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The agricultural chemical active ingredients are selected from bromocyanamide, chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin, trifluralin, Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and combinations thereof.

13. A method for preparing a composition, the method comprising forming a mixture comprising: a) Agricultural chemical active ingredients; b) Dispersant; c) Liquid fertilizer compatibility agents containing corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) Freeze-thaw stabilizers, and e) Optionally, preservatives.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The mixture further contains liquid fertilizer.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein, The mixture further comprises at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, defoamers, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

16. A method for controlling pests, the method comprising contacting the pest or its environment with a composition comprising: a) Agricultural chemical active ingredients; b) Dispersant; c) Liquid fertilizer compatibility agents containing corn steep liquor and optionally a thickener; d) Freeze-thaw stabilizers, and e) Optionally, preservatives.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The composition further comprises liquid fertilizer and, optionally, water.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein, The composition further comprises at least one additive selected from surfactants, wetting agents, defoamers, preservatives, biocides, and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein, Contacting the pest or its environment with the composition includes applying the composition using an applicator selected from land-based sprayers, tractors, backpack sprayers, aerial sprayers, drones, and combinations thereof.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein, The agrochemical active ingredient exists at a biologically effective level.

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