A high-rise building intelligent smoke suppression and precise fire extinguishing system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-rise building intelligent smoke suppression and precise fire extinguishing system and method, and relates to the technical field of high-rise building fire fighting. The system comprises a fire sensing unit, a smoke penetration imaging unit, a segmented pressure boosting water supply unit, a local smoke elimination and cooling unit, an intelligent control unit and a remote command terminal. The method realizes accurate identification of a fire source by collecting real-time temperature, smoke concentration and fire source position information of a high-rise building fire site, penetrating through smoke by using dual-spectrum imaging, ensuring stable high-rise fire extinguishing water supply by segmented pressure boosting, starting local smoke elimination and spraying to reduce smoke concentration and improve visibility, realizing accurate and directional spraying of the fire source, and realizing visual command through the remote terminal. The application solves the problems of high-rise building fire, such as large smoke, poor visibility, insufficient water supply pressure, inaccurate fire positioning and difficult rescue, and is suitable for fire prevention and control and emergency rescue of various high-rise buildings, and has high fire extinguishing efficiency, high safety and good practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection technology for high-rise buildings, specifically to an intelligent smoke suppression and precise fire extinguishing system and method for high-rise buildings. Background Technology

[0002] High-rise building fires are characterized by rapid fire spread, rapid smoke rise, high smoke density, extremely low visibility, insufficient water supply pressure, narrow rescue routes, and difficulties in evacuating personnel.

[0003] Current technologies for fire suppression in high-rise buildings generally suffer from the following problems: 1. The dense smoke at the fire scene completely blocked out visible light, making it impossible for firefighters to see the location of the fire, the direction of the fire, and the surrounding environment. 2. Traditional water supply methods are insufficient to meet the fire-fighting pressure requirements of high-rise buildings, resulting in low fire-fighting efficiency; 3. The lack of precise positioning and visual command methods in dense smoke environments leads to a high degree of blindness and danger in firefighting operations; 4. The lack of an integrated control method for active smoke suppression, cooling, and improved visibility makes it difficult to ensure the safety of firefighters.

[0004] Therefore, developing a system and method suitable for high-rise buildings that can suppress dense smoke, accurately locate fires, provide stable water supply, and intelligently extinguish fires is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an intelligent smoke suppression and precise fire extinguishing system and method for high-rise buildings, so as to achieve visualized, precise and intelligent fire extinguishing in dense smoke environments and improve the efficiency and safety of fire response in high-rise buildings.

[0006] I. System Composition This system includes a fire sensing unit, a dense smoke penetration imaging unit, a segmented pressurized water supply unit, a local smoke elimination and cooling unit, an intelligent control unit, and a remote command terminal.

[0007] The fire sensing unit is used to collect temperature, smoke concentration, and fire source location in real time; The fire detection unit is the "nerve ending" of the system, and its core design goal is to achieve "early warning and accurate location" of fires. This unit employs a distributed multi-sensor array design, deploying three types of core sensors on each floor and in each fire compartment of the high-rise building: - High-sensitivity temperature sensor: Temperature measurement accuracy ±0.5℃, response time ≤2 seconds, can detect initial abnormal temperature rise such as overheating of electrical joints and smoldering, and the trigger warning threshold can be customized according to the risk level of the area (e.g., the warning threshold for the computer room area is set to 60℃, and the warning threshold for the general office area is set to 70℃). - Laser scattering smoke concentration sensor: range 0-1000ppm, resolution 1ppm, adopts the principle of laser scattering - when smoke particles pass through the laser beam, the sensor will calculate the smoke concentration by detecting the intensity of the scattered light. Compared with traditional ionization sensors, its accuracy in identifying black smoke (such as polyurethane combustion products) is improved by more than 30%, and it is not affected by ambient humidity. - UWB positioning module: Positioning accuracy ±0.3 meters. By deploying UWB base stations in corridors and rooms, the spatial coordinates of the sensor can be obtained in real time. Combined with temperature and smoke concentration data, the three-dimensional positioning of the fire source can be realized. Even if the sensor is covered by smoke, its position can be inverted by the base station signal strength.

[0008] All sensor nodes are powered by a safe DC24V voltage and support NB-IoT low-power transmission mode. When there is no fire, the power consumption of a single node is only 0.5W, which can achieve more than 3 years of maintenance-free operation. At the same time, it has an IP67 protection rating, which can withstand the corrosion of high-temperature smoke in the fire scene and ensure stable data transmission in the early stage of a fire.

[0009] The smoke penetration imaging unit uses dual-spectral fusion imaging to penetrate dense smoke and identify the fire source. This unit is the core component of this system that overcomes the "blind spot in dense smoke." Its technical approach is not simply sensor stacking, but a collaborative design based on "dynamic weight allocation + multimodal fusion." - Sensor hardware selection: The design adopts a dual-module design of "visible light high-definition camera (2 million pixels, 30x optical zoom) + long-wave infrared thermal imaging sensor (640×512 resolution, temperature measurement accuracy ±2℃)" - The infrared sensor uses an uncooled vanadium oxide (VOX) detector, which can capture infrared radiation in the 8-14μm band. This band has the strongest penetration ability for smoke, and can still clearly show the temperature distribution characteristics of objects even in dense smoke environments with visibility of less than 0.5 meters. - Core Algorithm Design: The system incorporates two key algorithms: First, a dynamic spectral weight allocation algorithm, which automatically adjusts the fusion weights of the dual spectral channels based on real-time data from the smoke concentration sensor. When the smoke concentration is ≥500ppm (visibility ≤1 meter), the infrared channel accounts for 80%, prioritizing penetration capability; when the smoke concentration is <200ppm (visibility ≥5 meters), the visible light channel accounts for 60%, supplementing details of the fire source (such as flame color and type of burning material). Second, a physical model smoke scattering compensation algorithm. Based on Mie scattering theory, this algorithm performs pixel-level compensation on infrared and visible light images according to smoke concentration, temperature, and particle size distribution. This effectively eliminates the thermal halo effect caused by high-temperature smoke, improving the fire source identification accuracy by up to 79%. - Performance parameter verification: In actual tests conducted by a third-party fire protection laboratory, the unit can achieve a response time of seconds to a temperature difference of 0.1℃ at a distance of 10 meters; the accuracy rate of identifying concealed fire sources (such as smoldering sofas) with a diameter of 5cm at a distance of 20 meters reaches 99.8%, which fully meets the needs of reconnaissance and attack in high-rise buildings.

[0010] The segmented booster water supply unit enables multi-level pressure stabilization water supply for high-rise buildings; This unit is the core guarantee for solving the problem of "insufficient water supply pressure" in super high-rise buildings. Its design strictly follows the requirements of the "Technical Specification for Fire Water Supply and Fire Hydrant System" GB50974-2014, and is also optimized for the special scenarios of super high-rise buildings. - Zoning logic design: When the building height is ≤100 meters, a vertical zoning parallel water supply method is adopted, with each zone corresponding to a set of booster pumps. The municipal residual pressure is used for water supply, which can reduce operating energy consumption by about 20%. When the building height is >100 meters, a vertical series relay water supply method is adopted, with transfer and pressurization equipment installed in the refuge floor. The core logic of this design is "relay compensation for pressure loss" to avoid the risk of pipeline overpressure caused by excessive head of single-stage pump sets. - Dynamic pressure control mechanism: Each zone outlet is equipped with a pressure sensor with an accuracy of ±0.02MPa to collect pipeline pressure data in real time; when the fire extinguishing spray volume on a certain floor suddenly increases (such as multiple water cannons starting at the same time) causing a drop in pipeline pressure, the intelligent control unit will adjust the speed of the variable frequency pump in the corresponding zone within 1 second to make up for the pressure loss; when the pressure exceeds the threshold (such as the static pressure at the fire hydrant outlet >1.0MPa), the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve group will automatically open to stabilize the downstream pressure at 0.7-0.8MPa, thus avoiding the risk of pipeline rupture from the source; - Redundancy design for extreme scenarios: The system is equipped with triple redundancy protection - the main booster pump set adopts a one-in-one standby design, the standby diesel engine set can start within 15 seconds after the main power is interrupted, and the air pressure water tank regulation system can stabilize the pipeline pressure when the pump set is switched, effectively cope with the risk of power interruption during fire, and ensure the continuity of water supply.

[0011] The localized smoke elimination and cooling unit uses fine water mist to eliminate smoke, cool down, and improve visibility. The core function of this unit is to "create a visible safety island" for firefighters in dense smoke environments. Its design logic is "precise coverage of the work area, rather than full-area smoke extraction"—this avoids the spread of fire caused by full-area smoke extraction and also makes efficient use of water resources. - Core equipment selection: High-pressure fine water mist nozzles are used, with an operating pressure of 10-15MPa, which can atomize water into droplets with a diameter of 10-20μm. These droplets can not only cool down quickly through evaporation and heat absorption (each cubic meter of droplet can absorb about 2.5MJ of heat), but also capture fine particles (PM2.5 and below) in the flue gas through inertial collision, while diluting the concentration of toxic gases (such as CO and HCN). - Spraying strategy design: The nozzle adopts a 360° rotating spraying method, with a coverage radius of up to 5 meters. The spraying range can be dynamically adjusted according to the firefighter's working position (obtained in real time via UWB positioning wristband) to form a "visible safety zone" around the firefighter; the system response time is ≤15 seconds, which can establish a protective barrier before smoke spreads to the working area, ensuring that the firefighter's visual reference is not cut off; - Multi-effect synergy: This unit can not only eliminate smoke, but also simultaneously achieve cooling and detoxification functions. Actual test data shows that in a 100㎡ enclosed space, after spraying fine water mist for 10 seconds, the ambient temperature can be reduced by more than 15℃ and the CO concentration can be reduced by more than 40%, providing firefighters with a continuous visual combat window for more than 30 minutes, which is sufficient to complete the initial fire extinguishing or search and rescue mission.

[0012] The intelligent control unit performs overall logic control; This unit is the "central brain" of the system, responsible for data processing, decision generation, and command issuance. Its performance directly determines the system's response speed and control accuracy. - Hardware architecture design: It adopts a dual architecture design of "edge computing node + cloud backup" - the edge computing node is deployed in the fire control room of the building, equipped with a high-performance industrial-grade processor (such as Intel Core i7-10700), which can realize real-time data analysis and command issuance locally, with a response time of ≤1 second; the cloud backup node is deployed in the fire command center, which can take over control when the edge node fails, ensuring system reliability; - Core Algorithm Support: The system is equipped with three key algorithms: First, a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm, which fuses multi-source data such as temperature, smoke concentration, and UWB positioning through Kalman filtering, reducing the fire source positioning error from ±1 meter for a single sensor to ±0.3 meters; second, a pressure-flow coupling control algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the speed of the booster pump and the valve opening based on the pipeline pressure and the fire extinguishing spray volume, achieving precise pressure control; and third, a scene recognition algorithm, which automatically adjusts the smoke elimination range and spray intensity based on the building structure (such as atriums, corridors, and rooms), avoiding water waste. - Linkage Logic Design: The system's linkage logic adopts the "graded response" principle—when the smoke concentration is ≥500ppm, the dual-spectrum imaging unit is automatically activated; when the fire source positioning accuracy is ≤±0.5 meters, the local smoke elimination and cooling unit is automatically activated; when the visibility after smoke elimination is ≥3 meters, the fire extinguishing spray device is automatically activated—this graded response mechanism can avoid ineffective actions and improve system efficiency.

[0013] Remote command terminals enable real-time monitoring and command.

[0014] This unit serves as the "nerve center" connecting the field and the command center. Its core function is to enable "visualized command," allowing commanders to grasp the real-time situation without entering the fire scene. - Data Interaction Design: Adopting a dual-link transmission design of "5G private network + satellite backup" - The transmission rate of the 5G private network can reach 1Gbps, with an end-to-end latency of ≤10ms, and can transmit dual-spectrum imaging images, fire source temperature field data, and pipeline pressure data in real time; the satellite backup link can be activated when the 5G signal is interrupted (such as when the base station is destroyed by fire) to ensure uninterrupted data transmission. - Visualization Function Design: The command terminal interface is divided into four modules: First, the dual-spectrum imaging module, which can view the infrared thermal imaging and visible light fusion image of the fire scene in real time; second, the fire source temperature field module, which can intuitively display the temperature distribution and spread trend of the fire source; third, the water supply pressure monitoring module, which can view the pipeline pressure and pump operation status of each zone in real time; and fourth, the combat command issuance module, which can directly send commands to firefighters or fire extinguishing equipment on site, realizing "what you see is what you control". - Access Control Design: The system features a three-tiered access control system—junior commanders can view real-time data and adjust spray parameters; senior commanders can issue combat orders and modify system configurations; and administrators can perform equipment maintenance and data backup. This hierarchical access control design can prevent accidental operations and ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0015] II. Fire Extinguishing Methods 1. Real-time monitoring: Collects data on fire temperature, smoke, and fire source location through sensing units; The system's monitoring and early warning process represents an upgrade from "passive perception" to "active identification," and can be divided into three stages: (1). Data acquisition stage: The temperature, smoke concentration and UWB positioning sensor of the fire sensing unit are collected in real time at a frequency of 1Hz. This sampling frequency ensures the real-time performance of the data and reduces the power consumption of the system. (2). Local preprocessing stage: The edge computing node filters the collected data to filter out non-fire interference sources such as electric heaters and sunlight reflection. For example, when the temperature sensor detects an abnormal temperature rise of 70°C, but the smoke concentration sensor does not detect an abnormality, the system will determine that it is not a fire and avoid false alarms. (3). Graded early warning stage: When the smoke concentration is ≥300ppm or the temperature is ≥70℃, the system triggers a first-level early warning and sends an audible and visual alarm signal to the fire control room; when the smoke concentration is ≥500ppm or the temperature is ≥100℃, the system triggers a second-level early warning and automatically starts the dual-spectrum imaging unit and the local smoke elimination and cooling unit to prepare for subsequent fire fighting operations.

[0016] The core advantage of this process is that it upgrades the traditional "single threshold alarm" to "multi-parameter fusion early warning", reducing the false alarm rate by more than 90% compared to the traditional system, effectively avoiding the "crying wolf" effect.

[0017] 2. Imaging Penetration: Dual-spectral imaging fusion eliminates interference from dense smoke and clearly identifies the fire source; This step is crucial for overcoming the "blind spot of dense smoke," and its core is to achieve "seeing the fire source through dense smoke" through algorithmic fusion. It can be divided into three stages: (1). Dual-spectrum acquisition stage: The infrared thermal imaging sensor of the dual-spectrum imaging unit acquires the temperature distribution data of the fire source, and the visible light sensor acquires the detailed feature data of the fire source. The infrared sensor is responsible for penetrating the dense smoke, and the visible light sensor is responsible for supplementing the details. The two complement each other. (2). Dynamic weight fusion process: The intelligent control unit adjusts the proportion of the dual-spectral channels according to the real-time data of the smoke concentration sensor through a dynamic weight allocation algorithm. For example, when the smoke concentration is ≥500ppm, the proportion of the infrared channel is increased to 80% to ensure the penetration ability; when the smoke concentration is <200ppm, the proportion of the visible light channel is increased to 60% to supplement the details of the fire source. (3). Scattering compensation and identification process: The thermal halo effect caused by high temperature smoke is eliminated by the physical model smoke scattering compensation algorithm; and the location of the fire source, the range of fire and the direction of smoke diffusion are identified by the AI ​​image recognition algorithm. The actual test data shows that this step can complete the whole process from image acquisition to fire source coordinate output within 3 seconds, with a positioning accuracy of ±0.3 meters and an identification accuracy of 99.8%.

[0018] The core innovation of this step lies in the fact that it is not a simple superposition of "infrared + visible light", but an "intelligent fusion" based on a physical model.

[0019] Measured parameters of dual-spectral imaging smoke penetration technology To verify the practical effectiveness of dual-spectral imaging smoke penetration technology, a third-party fire protection laboratory simulated smoke environments under different scenarios in a 1000m³ enclosed experimental chamber. The measured data are as follows: The data above shows that the dual-spectrum imaging unit can identify black smoke (visibility 0.3 meters) produced by polyurethane combustion at a distance of up to 15 meters, and can identify high-temperature and humid smoke (visibility 0.8 meters) with an accuracy of 99.9%—this performance fully meets the needs of reconnaissance inside high-rise buildings and effectively solves the problem of "heat splatter" of traditional thermal imaging equipment in dense smoke environments.

[0020] 3. Boosted water supply: Automatically boosts water pressure based on floor height to ensure a stable delivery of fire extinguishing agents; The core of this step is "precisely matching floor height with water supply pressure," which completely solves the problem of insufficient water supply pressure in ultra-high-rise buildings. This can be divided into three stages: (1). Floor height identification: The intelligent control unit identifies the height of the fire floor through the UWB positioning data of the fire sensing unit. For example, when the fire source is located on a floor 80 meters high, the system will automatically determine it as a "mid-to-high-rise fire". (2). Pressure boosting mode switching: The system automatically switches the pressure boosting mode according to the building height. When the building height is ≤100 meters, the vertical partition parallel water supply mode is adopted to use the municipal residual pressure to supply water, which can reduce the operating energy consumption. When the building height is >100 meters, the vertical series relay water supply mode is adopted, and the transfer pressurization equipment is set in the refuge floor to relay and compensate for the pressure loss. (3). Dynamic pressure control: Pressure sensors at the outlet of each zone collect pipeline pressure data in real time. When the pipeline pressure is lower than the threshold, the variable frequency pump set automatically adjusts the speed to compensate for the pressure loss. When the pressure exceeds the threshold, the pilot-operated pressure reducing valve set automatically opens to stabilize the pressure after the valve at 0.7-0.8MPa. Actual test data shows that this step can complete the pressure adjustment within 1 second, with a pressure stabilization accuracy of ±0.02MPa, which fully meets the pressure requirements of fire extinguishing in ultra-high-rise buildings.

[0021] The core advantage of this approach is that it upgrades the traditional "static zoned water supply" to "dynamic pressure control," which can adjust the water supply pressure in real time according to the actual water consumption at the fire site, ensuring water supply stability while avoiding the risk of pipeline overpressure.

[0022] Pressure loss compensation parameters for segmented booster water supply To verify the pressure compensation effect of the segmented pressurized water supply technology, a third-party fire protection laboratory simulated fire scenarios on different floors. The measured data are as follows: The data above shows that when the building height is 200 meters, the terminal pressure of the traditional water supply method is only 0.08 MPa, which cannot meet the fire extinguishing requirements; while the terminal pressure of the segmented pressurized water supply method can reach 0.60 MPa, with a pressure stabilization accuracy of ±0.02 MPa and a pressure adjustment response time of ≤1 second. This performance fully meets the pressure requirements for fire extinguishing in super high-rise buildings and effectively solves the problem of insufficient pressure of the traditional water supply method in super high-rise buildings.

[0023] 4. Localized smoke suppression: Spraying fine water mist reduces smoke concentration, improves visibility, and ensures the safety of firefighters during operations; This step is crucial for "opening up operational pathways" for firefighters, and its core is "precise coverage of the operational area, rather than overall smoke extraction," which can be divided into three stages: (1). Operation area positioning: The intelligent control unit obtains the coordinates of the operation area in real time through the UWB positioning wristband worn by the firefighters—the positioning accuracy is ±0.3 meters, which can accurately lock the position of the firefighters; (2). Smoke suppression range adjustment: Based on the coordinates of the work area, the system automatically adjusts the spray range and angle of the high-pressure fine water mist nozzles, adopts a 360° rotating spray method, and the coverage radius can reach 5 meters, ensuring that the firefighters' work area is completely covered by fine water mist; (3) Multi-effect synergy: The 10-20μm droplets sprayed by the fine water mist nozzle rapidly cool down through evaporation and heat absorption, capture smoke particles through inertial collision, and dilute the concentration of toxic gases at the same time. Actual test data shows that after 10 seconds of spraying, the ambient temperature can be reduced by more than 15℃, the CO concentration can be reduced by more than 40%, and the visibility can be increased to more than 5 meters, providing firefighters with a visual combat window for more than 30 minutes.

[0024] The core innovation of this step lies in upgrading the traditional "full-area smoke extraction" to "localized precise smoke elimination," which not only avoids the spread of fire caused by full-area smoke extraction but also makes efficient use of water resources—reducing water consumption by more than 80% compared to traditional smoke extraction systems.

[0025] 5. Precise fire suppression: Automatically adjusts the spray angle and flow rate according to the location of the fire source to achieve targeted fire suppression; This step is the "core execution link" of firefighting operations, and its core is "fixed-point, directional, and quantitative spraying," which can be divided into three parts: (1). Calculation of injection parameters: The intelligent control unit automatically calculates the injection parameters based on the location of the fire source, the range of the fire and the type of burning material. For example, when the fire source is located on a 100-meter-high floor and the burning material is wood, the system will calculate that the injection pressure is 0.9MPa, the injection flow rate is 15L / s and the injection angle is 30°. (2). Spray device control link: Based on the calculated spray parameters, the system automatically controls the electric regulating valve and the spray angle of the water cannon to achieve fixed-point and directional spraying. The response time of the electric regulating valve is ≤0.5 seconds, and the spray angle adjustment accuracy of the water cannon is ±0.1°, which can accurately hit the core area of ​​the fire source. (3). Dynamic parameter adjustment: The intelligent control unit monitors the temperature change of the fire source in real time. When the temperature of the fire source drops, the system automatically reduces the spray flow rate; when the temperature of the fire source rises, the system automatically increases the spray flow rate. Actual test data shows that this step can improve the fire extinguishing efficiency by more than 30% and reduce the consumption of fire extinguishing agent by more than 25%.

[0026] The core advantage of this step is that it upgrades the traditional "coverage spraying" to "precision strike," which improves fire extinguishing efficiency and reduces fire extinguishing agent consumption.

[0027] 6. Dynamic control: Real-time monitoring of fire to prevent reignition and smoke spread; The core of this step is "continuously adapting to changes in the fire situation to prevent reignition and smoke spread," which can be divided into three stages: (1). Real-time monitoring: The fire sensing unit and the dual-spectrum imaging unit monitor the temperature changes of the fire source, the direction of smoke diffusion and the pipeline pressure in real time - the monitoring frequency is increased to 5Hz to ensure timely capture of changes in the fire scene; (2). Dynamic adjustment mechanism: When the temperature of the fire source drops below 300℃, the system automatically reduces the jet flow rate and switches to the "cooling and control" mode; when the direction of smoke diffusion changes, the system automatically adjusts the jet range of the local smoke elimination and cooling unit to prevent the smoke from spreading; when the pipeline pressure fluctuates, the system automatically adjusts the speed of the booster pump group to stabilize the water supply pressure. (3). Reignition warning: When the temperature in a certain area rises above 200℃ again, the system automatically triggers a reignition warning, adjusts the spray parameters, and re-sprays. Actual test data shows that this step can reduce the reignition rate by more than 40%, effectively preventing the fire from "reigniting".

[0028] The core innovation of this step lies in its upgrade from the traditional "one-time fire extinguishing" to "dynamic and continuous prevention and control," which can continuously adjust the fire extinguishing strategy according to the real-time changes in the fire scene to ensure that the fire is completely extinguished.

[0029] 7. Remote command: The command terminal can view the site in real time and realize scientific dispatch.

[0030] This step is crucial for "achieving scientific command and avoiding blind decision-making," and its core is "allowing commanders to grasp the real-time situation without entering the fire scene." It can be divided into three stages: (1). Data feedback link: The intelligent control unit transmits the dual-spectrum imaging image of the fire scene, fire source temperature field data, pipeline pressure data and firefighter location data in real time through 5G private network + satellite backup link - the transmission rate can reach 1Gbps, the end-to-end latency is ≤10ms, and "real-time feedback and real-time display" can be realized. (2). Situation display stage: The remote command terminal will display the data transmitted back to the command personnel in a visual way - the dual-spectrum imaging screen can intuitively display the location and range of the fire source, the fire source temperature field data can intuitively display the temperature distribution and spread trend of the fire source, and the pipeline pressure data can intuitively display the operating status of the water supply system. (3). Command issuance stage: Commanders can send combat commands to firefighters or fire extinguishing devices based on visualized situational data. For example, when commanders find that the risk of smoke diffusion in a certain area is high, they can directly send commands to the local smoke elimination and cooling unit to adjust the spray range; when commanders find that the risk of reignition in a certain area is high, they can directly send commands to the fire extinguishing device to increase the spray flow rate. Actual test data shows that this step can shorten the decision-making time by more than 50% and effectively improve fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0031] The core advantage of this step is that it upgrades the traditional "experience-based command" to "data-driven command," enabling scientific decisions to be made based on real-time data from the fire scene, thus avoiding casualties caused by blind command. Beneficial effects

[0032] 1. Effectively solves the problems of heavy smoke, poor visibility, and inability to see the fire source in high-rise buildings; 2. Implement segmented pressurized water supply to meet the pressure requirements for high-rise fire fighting; 3. Localized smoke suppression and cooling improve on-site safety and visibility; 4. Precise positioning and spraying result in high fire extinguishing efficiency; 5. The system has a simple structure and reliable method, and is suitable for all types of high-rise buildings.

Claims

1. A smart smoke suppression and precise fire extinguishing system for high-rise buildings, characterized in that, It includes a fire sensing unit, a dense smoke penetration imaging unit, a segmented pressurized water supply unit, a local smoke elimination and cooling unit, an intelligent control unit, and a remote command terminal; The fire sensing unit is used to collect temperature data, smoke concentration data and fire source location information in real time at the scene of a high-rise building fire. The dense smoke penetration imaging unit is used to acquire infrared and visible light images in a dense smoke environment and perform image fusion processing to achieve clear identification of the fire source and the on-site environment. The segmented pressurized water supply unit is used to pressurize the fire extinguishing medium in multiple stages to meet the fire extinguishing water supply pressure requirements of high-rise buildings. The local smoke suppression and cooling unit is used to spray fine water mist in the fire extinguishing area to achieve local smoke suppression, cooling and improved visibility; The intelligent control unit is connected to the fire sensing unit, the dense smoke penetration imaging unit, the segmented pressurized water supply unit, and the local smoke elimination and cooling unit, respectively, for data processing and execution control. The remote command terminal is communicatively connected to the intelligent control unit and is used to display fire scene information in real time and conduct remote command.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dense smoke penetration imaging unit adopts a dual-spectrum fusion imaging method of infrared thermal imaging and visible light, which can penetrate the dense smoke of high-rise building fires to locate the fire source and reconstruct the scene.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The segmented pressurized water supply unit adopts a floor-segmented pressure stabilization water supply structure, which can automatically adjust the water supply pressure according to the floor height in case of fire.

4. A method for precise fire suppression in high-rise buildings based on the system described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The system starts up, and the fire sensing unit monitors the temperature, smoke concentration and spatial location of the fire source at the high-rise building fire scene in real time. S2: The dense smoke penetration imaging unit acquires dual-spectral images of the scene, performs image fusion processing, removes dense smoke interference, and identifies the location of the fire source, the range of the fire, and the direction of smoke diffusion. S3: The intelligent control unit controls the segmented pressurized water supply unit to start multi-stage pressurization according to the floor height of the fire, so as to ensure the stable delivery of fire extinguishing media; S4: The intelligent control unit controls the local smoke suppression and cooling unit to spray fine water mist in the fire extinguishing operation area to reduce smoke concentration, lower ambient temperature, and improve on-site visibility; S5: Based on the identified fire source location, control the fire extinguishing spray device to perform precise, targeted, and quantitative fire extinguishing; S6: Real-time monitoring of fire changes, dynamic adjustment of spray flow and spray angle to suppress smoke spread and prevent reignition; S7: The remote command terminal synchronously receives on-site data and images, enabling visualized remote command and rescue of high-rise building fires.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the smoke obscuration is eliminated by a dual-spectral image fusion algorithm to generate a clear visual image of the fire scene.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the fine water mist simultaneously eliminates smoke, cools, and detoxifies, providing firefighters with a safe and visible firefighting environment.