Modified corn stalk organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof
Organic fertilizer was prepared by composting modified corn stalks with pig manure, which solved the shortcomings of existing technologies in alleviating soil acidification and increasing crop yield. It significantly improved soil pH and organic matter and enhanced crop yield.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEAST INST OF GEOGRAPHY & AGRIECOLOGY C A S
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, although direct return of straw to the field or carbonization and return of straw to the field can increase soil pH and organic matter content, it has not been effectively modified into organic fertilizer, and thus cannot significantly improve soil acid neutralization capacity and crop yield.
Modified corn stalks are composted with pig manure in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to prepare modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, which increases soil pH and organic matter content and enhances soil acid neutralization capacity.
It significantly increases soil pH, the content of exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions in the soil, and the content of total carbon, humic carbon, and fulvic acid carbon in the soil, thereby increasing crop yield.
Smart Images
Figure CN122102799A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer technology, and particularly relates to a modified corn straw organic fertilizer, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] The application of organic fertilizers can increase soil organic matter, enhance soil buffering capacity, alleviate soil acidification, and significantly increase crop yield. Sun et al. (2022) showed through long-term field experiments that the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers significantly reduces soil pH, and the application of organic fertilizers plays a key role in mitigating chemical nitrogen fertilizer-induced soil acidification and reducing the decline in soil fertility induced by chemical nitrogen fertilizers. Organic fertilizers such as livestock and poultry manure, compost, and green manure must be fully decomposed before application to avoid introducing pathogens and insect eggs.
[0003] Straw modification refers to the modification of the surface and structural properties of crop straw through physical, chemical or biological methods to increase its application performance. Straw direct return to the field or carbonized straw return to the field has a positive impact on alleviating soil acidification by increasing soil pH, increasing soil organic matter content, increasing soil cation exchange capacity and improving soil structure. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Increasing soil pH: Applying straw or biochar can enhance soil pH and reduce the content of exchangeable acids and exchangeable aluminum in the soil. This helps to alleviate soil acidification and improve the soil environment. (2) Increasing soil cation exchange capacity: The application of straw return to the field and biochar can increase the content of soil base ions and exchange capacity, especially the effect of straw carbonization return to the field is more obvious. This helps to improve the soil acid neutralization capacity (ANC), thereby alleviating soil acidification. (3) Enhancing soil organic matter content: Straw return to the field can significantly increase the organic matter content in the soil, which is an important factor in improving the soil acid neutralization capacity. The increase of organic matter helps to improve soil structure and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. (4) Improve soil acid neutralization capacity: Long-term application of chemical fertilizers will lead to soil acidification and depletion of basic cations. In the existing technology, most of the straw is directly returned to the field or made into organic fertilizer through ingestion, composting and carbonization. There are few reports on modifying it to prepare organic fertilizer. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, its preparation method, and its application. This invention modifies corn stalks, then composts and ferments the modified corn stalks with pig manure in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to obtain modified corn stalk organic fertilizer. Applying the modified corn stalk organic fertilizer provided by this invention can significantly increase soil pH by reducing the content of exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions and increasing the content of exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. Simultaneously, it can increase the total carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon, and fulvic acid carbon content of the soil, as well as crop yield.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts modified corn stalk and 5-15 parts pig manure.
[0006] Preferably, the modified corn stalks are 1 part and the pig manure is 10 parts.
[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the modified corn stalks includes: mixing corn stalks with sodium hydroxide modification solution for 5 to 9 days to obtain modified corn stalks.
[0008] Preferably, the length of the corn stalk is 2 to 5 cm.
[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide modified solution is 0.9-1%.
[0010] Preferably, the pig manure is pig manure after solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, with a moisture content of 55-65%.
[0011] Preferably, the pig manure is pig manure after solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, with a moisture content of 60%.
[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, comprising: composting and fermenting the modified corn stalks and pig manure as described above in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to obtain modified corn stalk organic fertilizer.
[0013] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned modified corn straw organic fertilizer in improving soil pH, total soil carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon content.
[0014] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned modified corn stalk organic fertilizer in increasing crop yield.
[0015] This invention involves composting modified corn stalks with pig manure in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to obtain modified corn stalk organic fertilizer. Applying this modified corn stalk organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil pH by reducing the content of exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions and increasing the content of exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. Simultaneously, it can increase the total carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon, and fulvic acid carbon content of the soil, as well as crop yield. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of modified corn straw organic fertilizer in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a photograph of the modified corn stalks from Example 1. Detailed Implementation
[0017] This invention provides a modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts modified corn stalk and 5-15 parts pig manure.
[0018] In this invention, the modified corn stalks are preferably 1 part and the pig manure is preferably 10 parts.
[0019] In this invention, the method for preparing the modified corn stalks includes: mixing corn stalks with sodium hydroxide modification solution for 5 to 9 days to obtain modified corn stalks.
[0020] In this invention, the corn stalks and sodium hydroxide modified solution are preferably mixed and soaked at room temperature for 7 days. On the 4th day of soaking, tools such as pitchforks and sticks are used to turn the upper layer of stalks in the bucket to the lower layer to ensure uniform modification. After the modification of the stalks is completed on the 7th day, the stalks are taken out and piled on a plastic sheet to drain until no liquid drips, at which point they can be used for subsequent composting.
[0021] In this invention, corn stalks are preferably modified with 1% NaOH solution. The cellulose content is not significantly affected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days; the hemicellulose content decreases significantly at 5 and 7 days; and the lignin content shows a decreasing trend, but does not reach a significant level.
[0022] The texture of the modified corn stalks is significantly different from that of the unmodified ones. The unmodified stalks are hard, while the modified stalks are softer and their fiber structure is easily damaged.
[0023] The present invention does not have a special limitation on the source of the corn stalks, but preferably uses corn stalks harvested in autumn by farmers around the composting site.
[0024] In this invention, the length of the corn stalk is preferably 2 to 5 cm.
[0025] In this invention, it is preferred to use the "Jiali" brand crusher produced by Fengcheng Huaxin Turbocharger Factory to crush corn stalks into small pieces of 2-5cm.
[0026] In this invention, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide modified solution is preferably 0.9-1%. This invention does not specifically limit the source of the sodium hydroxide modified solution; it can be prepared using commercially available products or conventional preparation methods in the art.
[0027] In this invention, the pig manure is the pig manure after solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, and the moisture content is preferably 55-65%, more preferably 60%.
[0028] The present invention also provides a method for preparing modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, comprising: composting and fermenting the modified corn stalks and pig manure as described above in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to obtain modified corn stalk organic fertilizer.
[0029] The present invention does not have a specific limitation on the source of the pig manure, but it is preferably from the pig farm of Dabeinong Food Group in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province.
[0030] The present invention preferably uses a solid-liquid separation system to precipitate fresh pig manure, and the precipitated solid pig manure is used for composting modified straw organic fertilizer. The moisture content of the separated and precipitated pig manure is preferably 60%.
[0031] The composting process of this invention preferably uses the Fuhang Intelligent High-Temperature Aerobic Fermentation Equipment produced by Shandong Fuhang New Energy Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., model F-116SA.
[0032] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned modified corn straw organic fertilizer in improving soil pH, total soil carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon content.
[0033] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned modified corn stalk organic fertilizer in increasing crop yield.
[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] Example 1 The production process of modified corn stalk organic fertilizer mainly consists of two stages: corn stalk modification and composting fermentation, as detailed below: First, the corn stalks are pre-treated. Corn stalks harvested in autumn from farmers near the composting site are selected and shredded to 2-5cm pieces using a "Jiali" brand shredder from Fengcheng Huaxin Turbocharger Factory. Next, the stalks are modified. Flaky sodium hydroxide with a purity ≥98.5% is selected from Ordos Junzheng Energy Chemical Co., Ltd. A 1% NaOH modification solution is prepared in a 1000L PE plastic drum by adding 5kg of sodium hydroxide to 500L of water. The stalks are then poured into the solution at a 1:10 mass ratio (50kg stalks + 500kg modification solution per drum), and weighed down to submerge in the solution. The mixture is then soaked at room temperature for 7 days. On the fourth day of soaking, the top layer of stalks is turned over using a pitchfork or wooden stick to ensure uniform modification. The modification is complete when the stalks change from hard to soft and the fiber structure is easily broken down. After modification, the stalks are removed and drained until no liquid drips, at which point they are ready for composting.
[0036] During the composting and fermentation stage, fresh pig manure from the Dabeinong Food Group pig farm in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, was selected. After solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, solid pig manure with a moisture content of about 60% was used as the composting material. Modified straw was used to produce pig manure at a mass ratio of 1:10 (0.5t straw + 5t pig manure). The composting was carried out using the F-116SA intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation equipment (116m³ volume) from Shandong Fuhang New Energy Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. 3 The composting process involves adding materials in layers, repeating five times: 0.1 t of modified straw followed by 1 t of pig manure. Temperature is controlled in stages during the composting process: Initial heating stage (April 20-21): Stirring for 10 minutes with a 25-minute interval, followed by ventilation for 10 minutes with a 10-minute interval, with the remaining time for static heating; High-temperature stage (April 22-28): Stirring for 10 minutes with a 25-minute interval, followed by 24-hour ventilation for 10 minutes with a 10-minute interval, with the remaining time for static heating; Cooling stage (April 29-May 4): Stirring for 10 minutes with a 25-minute interval, followed by 24-hour ventilation for 10 minutes with a 10-minute interval, with the remaining time for static heating; Stir for 10 minutes every 25 minutes from 0:00 PM to 6:00 PM, and stir for 10 minutes every 30 minutes from 6:00 PM to 8:00 AM the next day. Ventilate continuously from 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM and from 1:30 PM to 4:30 PM. Ventilate for 10 minutes every 10 minutes at other times. The composting is considered complete when the temperature of the finished organic fertilizer drops below 40℃ and there is basically no odor. After the organic fertilizer meets the standard, the finished organic fertilizer is sent out through the discharge port of the fermentation tank by a conveyor belt, packed into 65*110 white woven bags (25KG / bag), sealed with a Feiren brand wireless sealing machine, and then transported to the experimental site by Lalamove.
[0037] Example 2 The modified corn straw organic fertilizer (straw modified organic fertilizer) prepared in Example 1 was used in a field trial at Xiangyang Farm in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province to alleviate the acidification of black soil in farmland.
[0038] In 2025, a field trial was conducted at Xiangyang Farm in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, to mitigate black soil acidification using straw-modified organic fertilizer. The experimental setups included conventional fertilizer + no straw-modified organic fertilizer, conventional fertilizer + 50 kg / mu straw-modified organic fertilizer, conventional fertilizer + 100 kg / mu straw-modified organic fertilizer, conventional fertilizer + 200 kg / mu straw-modified organic fertilizer, and conventional fertilizer + 300 kg / mu straw-modified organic fertilizer. The conventional fertilizer application rates were 3.3 kg / mu urea, 10 kg / mu diammonium phosphate, and 3.3 kg / mu potassium sulfate. The crop planted was soybean.
[0039] The combined application of conventional chemical fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers improved soil basic fertility (Table 1). Compared with the application of conventional chemical fertilizers alone, the application of straw-modified organic fertilizers at different dosages reduced soil bulk density by 2.34%-9.38%, increased total soil porosity by 2.28%-8.92%, increased total soil carbon content by 5.50%-22.86%, increased soil humic carbon content by 12.42%-50.75%, and increased soil humic acid carbon content by 2.30%-33.18%. The application of 100 kg / mu and 200 kg / mu of straw-modified organic fertilizers increased soil humic acid carbon content by 14.26% and 10.56%, respectively.
[0040] Table 1. Effects of combined application of conventional chemical fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers on soil basic fertility.
[0041] The combined application of conventional chemical fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers effectively alleviated soil acidification (Table 2). Compared with the application of conventional chemical fertilizers alone, the application of straw-modified organic fertilizers at different dosages reduced the soil exchangeable acid content by 35.83%-56.69% and the soil exchangeable aluminum ion content by 46.81%-95.36%; the application of 200 kg / mu of straw-modified organic fertilizer increased the pH value from 5.66 to 6.02, an increase of 0.36 units (6.36%); and increased the total exchangeable basic ions in the soil by 10.75-20.82% and the effective cation exchange capacity by 10.15-19.82%.
[0042] Table 2. Effects of combined application of conventional chemical fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers on soil acidity index.
[0043] The combined application of conventional fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers has a yield-increasing effect (Table 3). Compared with the application of conventional fertilizers alone, the application of straw-modified organic fertilizers of different amounts increased soybean yield by 4.09%-18.68%, and the soybean yield was the highest when 200 kg / mu of straw-modified organic fertilizer was applied, reaching 260.41 kg / mu.
[0044] Table 3. Effects of combined application of conventional chemical fertilizers and straw-modified organic fertilizers on soybean yield in rice-soybean rotation.
[0045] Based on comprehensive analysis of soil basic fertility indicators, soil macromolecular organic acids, exchangeable acids and exchangeable base ions, and soybean yield, compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the application of straw-modified organic fertilizer significantly increased soil pH primarily by reducing the content of exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions and increasing the content of exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. Simultaneously, it increased the soil's total carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon, and fulvic acid carbon content, as well as soybean yield. Therefore, straw-modified organic fertilizer has a significant carbon-increasing and acid-reducing effect when applied to acidic soils.
[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A modified corn stalk organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 0.5 to 1.5 parts modified corn stalks and 5 to 15 parts pig manure.
2. The modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 1 part modified corn stalks and 10 parts pig manure.
3. The modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the modified corn stalks includes: mixing corn stalks with sodium hydroxide modification solution for 5 to 9 days to obtain modified corn stalks.
4. The modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the corn stalks is 2 to 5 cm.
5. The modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration of the sodium hydroxide modified solution is 0.9-1%.
6. The modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pig manure in question is the pig manure after solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, with a moisture content of 55-65%.
7. A modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pig manure in question is the pig manure after solid-liquid separation and sedimentation, with a moisture content of 60%.
8. A method for preparing a modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The modified corn stalks and pig manure described in claim 1 are composted and fermented in an intelligent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device to obtain modified corn stalk organic fertilizer.
9. The application of the modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in improving soil pH, total soil carbon content, humic carbon, humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon content.
10. The application of the modified corn straw organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in increasing crop yield.