An intelligent flexible composite pipe system and method integrating tracing and anti-damage early warning functions

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas transportation, and particularly relates to an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrated with tracing and damage-prevention early warning functions and a method thereof. The present application integrates a tracing cable and an inductive optical cable in an intelligent flexible composite pipe, thereby realizing integrated management of "tracing positioning-damage early warning" from the pipeline construction period to the whole operation cycle. The tracing function prevents direct damage caused by blind construction, and the early warning function can timely discover unexpected threats, thereby greatly reducing the risk of pipeline leakage or rupture caused by external interference, and ensuring the overall safety and continuous and stable operation of the gathering and transportation pipeline network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas transportation technology, specifically relating to an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system and method that integrates tracing and damage prevention early warning functions. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of oil and gas gathering and transportation, composite pipes conforming to the standard "Non-metallic Composite Pipes for Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Part 2: Flexible Composite High-Pressure Transmission Pipes" (SY / T 6662.2) are generally referred to as flexible composite pipes. Their typical structure consists of three layers: the inner lining is usually made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), nylon (PA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or other high-molecular materials; the reinforcing layer is made of high-strength materials such as polyester industrial filaments and aramid ropes / filaments, laid symmetrically in even-numbered layers at a specific angle on the surface of the inner lining using precision winding equipment; and the outer protective layer is usually made of wear-resistant polyethylene. A single pipe of this material can reach hundreds of meters in length. Compared to traditional steel pipes, it boasts advantages such as lightweight, high strength, fast construction, corrosion resistance, and long service life. It has been widely applied in oil, gas, and water transportation, becoming an important component of modern oil and gas gathering and transportation networks.

[0003] Despite the numerous advantages of flexible composite pipes over metal pipes, this type of pipe faces challenges during long-term service, including the risk of being undetectable and potentially causing accidental damage by third parties.

[0004] In the field of pipeline detection and tracing, non-metallic flexible composite pipes, due to their lack of ferromagnetism, make it difficult for traditional electromagnetic induction-based pipeline positioning and mapping technologies to directly obtain their precise burial depth and horizontal orientation. As pipelines operate for longer periods, geological subsidence and changes in surface cover along the route further exacerbate the difficulty of identifying pipeline paths, posing significant risks to daily inspections, maintenance operations, and safety management.

[0005] Regarding accidental damage by third parties: Because flexible composite pipelines are difficult to detect and locate accurately using conventional technologies, construction units often cannot obtain accurate location information of the pipeline from existing drawings or detection equipment during third-party engineering activities such as construction involving other pipelines. This greatly increases the risk of accidental excavation, crushing, or damage during construction, resulting in typical third-party damage accidents. Such accidents may not only lead to media leakage, transportation interruption, and environmental pollution, but may also trigger safety accidents, causing economic losses and social impacts.

[0006] Based on the aforementioned challenges, the industry is actively researching tracing and damage early warning technologies for flexible composite pipelines. In the field of pipeline tracing, patent ZL202121959697.7 proposes a scheme that embeds a fiber optic strain sensor into the outer protective layer of the pipeline, with the sensing fiber encapsulated and protected using a 1mm diameter stainless steel capillary tube. However, this scheme requires customized special optical cables, resulting in high tube manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the high precision and difficulty of constructing the optical cable through steel crimped metal joints also restricts its large-scale application in engineering projects. Patent ZL202411473514.X proposes a pipeline tracing scheme based on magnetic powder composite materials. This scheme prepares a magnetic ring by mixing polyethylene and magnetic powder and installs it at the polyethylene port of the pipeline. However, under actual laying conditions in oil and gas fields, pipelines are often buried at considerable depths, especially in high-altitude and cold regions. To avoid pipeline freezing and blockage, the burial depth can reach 3-4 meters during on-site construction, making it difficult for the magnetic field strength to effectively penetrate the deep soil layer, resulting in the pipeline location still being unreliable.

[0007] In the field of pipeline early warning, existing research mainly focuses on pipeline leak warning. For example, the flexible composite pipe involved in patent ZL202510594366.4 includes an inner lining layer, a reinforcing layer, an inner protective layer, an insulation layer, a sensing optical cable, an optical cable sheathing layer, and an outer protective layer. It achieves accurate early warning of pipeline leaks through the sensing optical cable, which is a post-event warning and lacks a pre-event warning function for third-party excavation and damage. In ZL201410158614.2, a protective sleeve containing sensing optical fibers is laid parallel to the buried steel pipeline. Sensor holes are opened at certain intervals along the sleeve, allowing the optical fibers to pass through the holes and be fixed to the outer wall of the pipeline to be monitored, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the pipeline status. However, the implementation steps of this method are relatively complex, and installation is difficult in the complex and harsh working conditions of actual sites, resulting in high construction costs. Therefore, it has not yet been widely promoted in actual engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system and method that integrates tracing and damage prevention early warning functions to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application discloses the following technical solutions: This invention discloses an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions, comprising: an intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, a test pile 2, a signal transmitter 3, a receiver 4, a pipeline damage prevention early warning host 5, and a computer monitoring terminal 6.

[0010] The intelligent flexible composite tube 1 has a multi-layer composite structure, which includes an inner lining layer 101, a reinforcing layer 102, an inner protective layer 103, a thermal insulation layer 104, an optical fiber 105, a tracer cable 106, a wrapping layer 107, and an outer protective layer 108. The reinforcing layer 102 is wound around the inner lining layer 101; the inner protective layer 103 is wrapped around the reinforcing layer 103; the thermal insulation layer 104 is located outside the inner protective layer 103; the optical fiber 105 and the tracer cable 106 are arranged in parallel outside the thermal insulation layer 104 and are both covered by the wrapping layer 107; the outer protective layer 108 constitutes the outermost layer of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1.

[0011] At the intermediate joint 109 of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1, the tracer cable 106 is configured as three parallel tracer cables with a length of 0.4m-1.0m, so that the magnetic field signal generated at the intermediate joint 109 is significantly weaker than that of other sections of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1, forming a unique and identifiable signal feature.

[0012] The test pile 2 includes a wiring test pile 2a connected to the signal transmitter 3 and at least one grounding test pile 2b. The wiring terminal of the signal transmitter 3 is connected to the tracer cable 106 and the grounding test pile 2b inside the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 through the wiring test pile 2a. The grounding terminal of the signal transmitter 3 is connected to the earth. The receiver 4 is used to receive electromagnetic signals. The computer monitoring terminal 6 is connected to the induction optical cable 105 inside the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 through the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5 and is used to process early warning information.

[0013] The wiring test post 2a includes a lower wiring plate 201a, an upper wiring plate 202a, and an internal cable connection wire 203a.

[0014] The lower wiring board 201a of the wiring test post is provided with a lower wiring board terminal 2011a and a grounding terminal 2012a. The upper wiring board 202a of the wiring test post is provided with an upper wiring board terminal 2021a, a single-pole double-throw switch A terminal 2022a, and a single-pole double-throw switch B terminal 2023a. The upper wiring board terminal 2021a is connected to the single-pole double-throw switch A terminal 2022a or the single-pole double-throw switch B terminal 2023a via a single-pole double-throw switch. The single-pole double-throw switch A terminal 2022a and the single-pole double-throw switch B terminal 2023a of the wiring test pile are respectively connected to the wiring plate terminal 2011a and the grounding terminal 2012a of the wiring test pile through the internal cable connection wire 203a. The grounding terminal 2012a of the wiring test pile is connected to the earth.

[0015] The grounding test pile 2b includes a lower grounding test pile terminal block 201b, an upper grounding test pile terminal block 202b, and an internal cable connection wire 203b.

[0016] The lower terminal block 201b of the grounding test pile is provided with a lower terminal block 2011b and a grounding wire terminal 2012b. The upper terminal block 202b of the grounding test pile is provided with an upper terminal block 2021b, a single-pole double-throw switch A terminal block 2022b, and a single-pole double-throw switch B terminal block 2023b. The upper terminal block 2021b of the grounding test pile is connected to the single-pole double-throw switch A terminal block 2022b or the single-pole double-throw switch B terminal block 2023b of the grounding test pile through a single-pole double-throw switch. The grounding test pile's single-pole double-throw switch A terminal 2022b and grounding test pile's single-pole double-throw switch B terminal 2023b are respectively connected to the grounding test pile's lower terminal block terminal 2011b and grounding test pile's grounding wire terminal 2012b via the grounding test pile's internal cable connection wire 203b. The grounding test pile's grounding wire terminal 2012b is connected to the earth.

[0017] The lower wiring board 201a, upper wiring board 202a, lower wiring board 201b, and upper wiring board 202b of the grounding test pile are all built-in.

[0018] Test stake 2 is fixed to the outside of the pipe to provide an electrical connection terminal for the tracer cable 106; signal transmitter 3 is connected to tracer cable 106 through test stake 2a and injects a detection signal of a specific frequency into tracer cable 106 under set current and voltage conditions; receiver 4 receives the electromagnetic signal corresponding to the frequency to achieve accurate positioning and path tracing of intelligent flexible composite pipe 1. By identifying and comparing the difference in magnetic field strength between the intermediate joint and the straight pipe section of intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, the location of intermediate joint 109 is accurately determined.

[0019] Preferably, the reinforcing material of the reinforcing layer 102 is selected from one or more of metal strips, flat steel, non-metallic fibers, and prepreg tape.

[0020] Preferably, the test pile 2 further includes a test pile foundation pier 204.

[0021] Preferably, the test pile 2 also includes a sign 205.

[0022] Preferably, the receiver 4 is a portable receiver.

[0023] Preferably, the intermediate connector 109 includes an inner connector core 1091, an outer connector sleeve 1092, a nut 1093, and a heat shrink sleeve 1094. From the inside out, the intermediate connector 109 consists of an inner connector core 1091, an inner lining layer 101, a reinforcing layer 102, an inner protective layer 103, and a heat shrink sleeve 1094. The tracer cable 106 in the intermediate connector 109 is configured as three parallel tracer cables: tracer cable 1061, tracer cable 1062, and tracer cable 1063. The tracer cable 1061, tracer cable 1062, tracer cable 1063, and the sensing optical cable 105 are arranged in parallel outside the outer connector sleeve 1092 and are all wrapped by the heat shrink sleeve 1094. The nut 1093 is used to connect two sections of the inner connector core 1091.

[0024] Furthermore, the No. 1 tracer cable 1061, No. 2 tracer cable 1062, and No. 3 tracer cable 1063 separate at the tracer cable branch point 1095 and converge at the tracer cable connection point 1096; the sensing optical cable connection point 1097 is used to connect the sensing optical cables in the two sections of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1.

[0025] Preferably, the core module of the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5 includes a laser, a coupler, a pulse signal generator, an electro-optic modulator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a circulator, a balanced photodetector, a filter, and a data acquisition processor, used to generate and emit detection light pulses and demodulate and analyze the returned back Rayleigh scattering light signals.

[0026] The computer monitoring terminal 6 is used for system control, data storage, decision analysis, and alarm display.

[0027] The sensing optical cable 105 is embedded outside the inner insulation layer 104 of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, serving as a distributed vibration sensing unit. The sensing optical cable 105 and the tracer cable 106 are prefabricated inside the inner insulation layer 104 of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 during production.

[0028] The present invention also discloses a tracing method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system, comprising the following steps: 1) System connection preparation: When laying the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, lead out the built-in tracer cable 106 and connect it to the wiring terminal 2011a of the wiring test pile and the wiring terminal 2011b of the wiring test pile. 2) Signal transmission setup: When performing detection, connect the magnetic terminal of signal transmitter 3 to terminal 2021a on the wiring test pile. The grounding terminal of signal transmitter 3 is grounded to the earth through a grounding steel rod. 3) Operate the single-pole double-throw switch to connect the wiring terminals 2021a and 2021b of the wiring test pile upper wiring board to the wiring terminals 2011a and 2012b of the grounding test pile lower wiring board, respectively; then turn on the signal transmitter 3 to inject an electromagnetic signal into the tracer cable 106. 4) Receiver 4 receives the corresponding frequency signal and uses the peak signal to find the direction of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1.

[0029] In step 4), the method for locating the direction of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 using peak signals includes: Signal transmitter 3 applies current to tracer cable 106 via test terminal 2a. I， Frequency is f According to the Biot-Savart law, the current element... I At a certain point in space ( x The magnetic induction intensity produced at (0,0) B ( x 0) can be represented as: (1); in: B ( x 0) represents a point in space ( x The magnetic field strength generated at (0,0); μ 0 represents the permeability of free space; h For a point in space ( x The depth of the intelligent flexible composite pipe from 0,0); I The current applied by the signal transmitter to the tracer cable; When the observation point is directly above tracer cable 106, the magnetic induction intensity of the straight pipe section is... B 本体 for: (2); in, B 本体 The magnetic induction intensity of the straight section of the pipeline; When the observation point is directly above the tracer cable, the magnetic induction intensity at the pipe joint is... B 接头 for: (3); in, B 接头 The magnetic induction intensity is the value of the intermediate joint of the pipeline.

[0030] The vacuum permeability μ 0 is 4π × 10 -7 T·m·A -1 .

[0031] The location of the straight pipe section and the intermediate joint 109 can be clearly distinguished based on the difference in magnetic induction intensity.

[0032] This invention also discloses an early warning method for the aforementioned intelligent flexible composite pipeline system. This method is applicable to classifying and issuing early warnings for risks posed by different excavating equipment to the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system, and includes the following steps: S1: The laser beam emitted by the laser is split into local oscillator light and probe light by the coupler. The probe light is modulated into probe pulse by the electro-optic modulator and amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier to obtain the incident pulse. Finally, the incident pulse is injected into the sensing optical cable built into the intelligent flexible composite tube by the circulator. S2: The incident pulse generates backscattered Rayleigh light, which carries vibration information. After being coherent with the local oscillator light in the coupler, it is converted into an electrical signal by a balanced electro-optic detector and then input into the computer monitoring terminal through a filter, amplifier, and data acquisition unit in sequence. S3: The computer monitoring terminal 6 assesses the risks posed by different excavation equipment based on the collected pipeline data and a real-time amplitude threshold early warning algorithm using a sliding window, and provides graded early warnings.

[0033] Furthermore, step S3 includes: the computer monitoring terminal 6 uses a sliding window algorithm to classify the multi-level threshold event levels generated by excavators of different sizes (including large excavators, medium excavators, and small excavators) during their operation above the intelligent flexible composite pipe. By constructing a nonlinear risk assessment function, the extremely complex transient mechanical vibration state is reduced in dimension and mapped into an intuitive and accurate comprehensive risk index. Based on the multi-level threshold event levels, a single-window early warning decision function is defined to achieve graded early warning.

[0034] S301: Sliding Window and Signal Interception: Computer monitoring terminal 6 will locate any spatial point z Data from the pipeline at point 0 was integrated to obtain a discrete time series. Then, the data is aggregated into a data stream, and the endless data stream is divided into physically meaningful, appropriately sized "data blocks," which are defined as sliding windows for extracting sample data. For length is W A sliding window, at any start time Extract signal slices containing the characteristics of the excavator's continuous movements: (4); in, W ( z 0, t 0) is a spatial positioning point. zExtract sample data from a sliding window at position 0 with a start time of t0.

[0035] S302: Multidimensional Feature Calculation and Risk Index Synthesis After intercepting Then, the feature extraction algorithm in the machine learning model deployed in the background is invoked to deconstruct the key features in three dimensions, and the key features are then dimensionality-reduced and mapped to a comprehensive risk index. Ω ( z 0, t 0): S3021. Calculate the dominant frequency, centroid, low-frequency band energy ratio, mid-frequency band energy ratio, envelope spectrum characteristic frequency, and MFCC characteristics to determine the destructive force level of the excavating equipment. E ( z 0, t 0); S3022. Combining the empirical formula for seismic wave attenuation at the site with the root mean square value, spatial attenuation gradient, and spatial influence span, the predicted spatial distance of the seismic source is inverted. D ( z 0, t 0); S3023. Calculate kurtosis, crest factor, zero-crossing rate, skewness, peak-to-peak value, and wavelet packet energy entropy abrupt change index to extract and identify multi-scale transient action features. S ( z 0, t 0); S3024. Reduce the above key characteristics to a comprehensive risk index. Ω ( z 0, t 0), Ω ( z 0, t 0)= f ( E ( z 0, t 0), D ( z 0, t 0), S ( z 0, t 0))(5)。

[0036] Preferably, the comprehensive risk index Ω ( z 0, t 0) is: ; Where γ, λ, k, and K are calibration constants.

[0037] After completing the feature extraction in steps S3021, S3022, and S3023, the system will deeply fuse the captured key feature parameters in the time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain into three high-dimensional feature vectors. E ( z 0, t 0) indicates the equipment's destructive power level score. D ( z 0, t 0) represents the estimated spatial distance and energy coupling score. S ( z 0, t 0) represents the transient action feature score. This ensures that even the weakest abnormal impact or the most subtle low-frequency resonance within the current sliding window can leave a clear imprint in this high-dimensional vector. In real underground pipeline protection scenarios, due to the interaction between various engineering risk factors, there are often complex coupling and exponential amplification effects, which are by no means simple linear superpositions. Therefore, by constructing a nonlinear risk assessment function, the extremely complex transient mechanical vibration state is reduced in dimension and mapped to an intuitive and accurate comprehensive risk index. Ω ( z 0, t 0)= f ( E ( z 0, t 0), D ( z 0, t 0), S ( z 0, t 0)).

[0038] S303: Window warning decision function and continuous sliding window determination: Based on event levels with multi-level thresholds, a window alert decision function is defined. R ( z 0, t 0), output integers 0 to 3 representing different warning levels. For time... t The comprehensive risk index within the window corresponding to 0, and the early warning decision function. R ( z 0, t 0) is defined as: (6).

[0039] in, Ω L Ω M Ω HThese are the lower threshold values ​​for Level 3, Level 2, and Level 3 early warnings, respectively.

[0040] To prevent false alarms caused by occasional strong interference and to improve the stability and noise resistance of event determination, a continuous window determination mechanism is invoked. Starting at time t0, within the continuous window... N Within each sliding window, the output sequence of the single decision function is as follows: Set target early warning level L r : (7); Define a binary indicator function: (8); The mechanism for determining consecutive windows is as follows: in consecutive windows... N Within a sliding window, the decision function R t Output at least K times (where 1 < K < N The target warning level has been reached or exceeded. L r That is, satisfying: (9); Finally, the warning trigger function is obtained. : (10); when When =1, the system is in the pipeline z 0 officially confirmed and triggered at level 0 L r Warning events.

[0041] Intelligent flexible composite pipes are an important component of modern oil and gas field gathering and transportation networks, often used as single-well pipelines or inter-station gathering and transportation pipelines with a length typically not exceeding 3.0 km. Field applications show that the main threat of damage comes from third-party construction activities (such as cross-construction of other pipelines). During excavation, compaction, and other operations, the pipeline is easily damaged unexpectedly, leading to typical third-party damage accidents. The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system provided by this invention achieves early warning functionality based on the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry principle.

[0042] The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system with integrated tracing and damage prevention early warning functions provided by this invention integrates tracing cables and sensing optical cables into an intelligent flexible composite pipe, realizing integrated management of "tracing and positioning - damage early warning" throughout the entire pipeline lifecycle from construction to operation. The tracing function prevents direct damage caused by blind construction, while the early warning function can promptly detect unexpected threats, thereby greatly reducing the risk of pipeline leakage or breakage due to external interference and ensuring the overall safety and continuous stable operation of the gathering and transmission network. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent flexible pipeline system in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent flexible composite pipe body structure in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent flexible composite pipe intermediate joint connection in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the test pile structure in Example 1; Figure 5 Here is a flowchart of the early warning method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system in Application Example 2; Figure 6 Example 2 illustrates the relationship between the phase angle of the optical fiber and time during excavation using a medium-sized excavator; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding window in application example 2; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent flexible pipeline system in Example 2; Among them, 1 is an intelligent flexible composite pipe, 2 is a test pile, 2a is a wiring test pile, 2b is a grounding test pile, 3 is a signal transmitter, 4 is a receiver, 5 is a pipeline anti-damage early warning host, and 6 is a computer monitoring terminal. 101 is the inner lining layer, 102 is the reinforcing layer, 103 is the inner protective layer, 104 is the insulation layer, 105 is the induction optical cable, 106 is the tracer cable, 107 is the wrapping layer, 108 is the outer protective layer, and 109 is the intermediate joint. 1091 is the inner core of the connector, 1092 is the outer sleeve of the connector, 1093 is the nut, 1094 is the heat shrink sleeve, 1095 is the branch point of the tracer cable, 1096 is the connection point of the tracer cable, and 1097 is the connection point of the induction optical cable. 1061 is tracer cable No. 1, 1062 is tracer cable No. 2, and 1063 is tracer cable No. 3; 201a is the lower wiring board of the wiring test pile, 202a is the upper wiring board of the wiring test pile, 203a is the internal cable connection line of the wiring test pile, 201b is the lower wiring board of the grounding test pile, 202b is the upper wiring board of the grounding test pile, 203b is the internal cable connection line of the grounding test pile, 204 is the test pile base, and 205 is the identification plate. 2011a is the lower terminal block of the wiring test pile, 2012a is the grounding terminal of the wiring test pile, 2021a is the upper terminal block of the wiring test pile, 2022a is the A terminal block of the single-pole double-throw switch of the wiring test pile, and 2023a is the B terminal block of the single-pole double-throw switch of the wiring test pile. 2011b is the lower terminal block of the grounding test pile, 2012b is the grounding wire terminal of the grounding test pile, 2021b is the upper terminal block of the grounding test pile, 2022b is the A terminal block of the single-pole double-throw switch of the grounding test pile, and 2023b is the B terminal block of the single-pole double-throw switch of the grounding test pile. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Example 1 like Figure 1 The diagram shows an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system (single-end external current). The system includes an intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, a wiring test stake 2a, a grounding test stake 2b, a signal transmitter 3, a receiver 4, a pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5, and a computer monitoring terminal 6. The receiver 4 is a portable receiver.

[0047] like Figure 2As shown, the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 has a multi-layer composite structure, including an inner lining layer 101, a reinforcing layer 102, an inner protective layer 103, a thermal insulation layer 104, an induction optical cable 105, a tracer cable 106, a wrapping layer 107, and an outer protective layer 108. The reinforcing layer 102 is wound around the inner lining layer 101; the inner protective layer 103 is wrapped around the reinforcing layer 103; the thermal insulation layer 104 is located outside the inner protective layer 103; the induction optical cable 105 and the tracer cable 106 are arranged in parallel outside the thermal insulation layer 104 and are both covered by the wrapping layer 107; the outer protective layer 108 constitutes the outermost layer of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1. Test pile piers 204 and identification plates 205 are installed on the wiring test pile 2a and grounding test pile 2b, respectively for stable support and to provide basic information.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, at the intermediate joint 109 of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1, the tracer cable 106 is configured as three parallel metal tracer cables (including tracer cable 1061, tracer cable 1062, and tracer cable 1063), so that the magnetic field signal generated at the intermediate joint 109 is weaker than that of other sections of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1, forming a unique and identifiable signal characteristic. The intermediate joint 109 includes a joint inner core 1091, a joint outer sleeve 1092, a nut 1093, and a heat shrink sleeve 1094; the intermediate joint 109, from the inside to the outside, consists of a joint inner core 1091, an inner lining layer 101, a reinforcing layer 102, an inner protective layer 103, and a joint outer sleeve 1092; the tracer cable 1061, tracer cable 1062, tracer cable 1063, and the sensing optical cable 105 are arranged in parallel outside the joint outer sleeve 1092 and are all wrapped by the heat shrink sleeve 1094. The nut 1093 is used to connect the two sections of the connector inner core 1091.

[0049] Furthermore, the No. 1 tracer cable 1061, No. 2 tracer cable 1062, and No. 3 tracer cable 1063 separate at the tracer cable branch point 1095 and converge at the tracer cable connection point 1096; the sensing optical cable connection point 1097 is used to connect the sensing optical cables 105 in the two sections of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1.

[0050] The test pile 2 includes a wiring test pile 2a and a grounding test pile 2b. The signal transmitter 3 is connected to the grounding test pile 2b through the wiring test pile 2a, the tracer cable 106 in the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1, and forms a loop through the ground. Specifically, the complete loop consists of: the signal transmitter 3, the wiring terminal 2021a on the wiring test pile upper wiring board, the wiring terminal A terminal 2022a on the wiring test pile single-pole double-throw switch, the wiring terminal 2011a on the wiring test pile lower wiring board, the tracer cable 106, the wiring terminal 2011b on the grounding test pile lower wiring board, the wiring terminal 2021b on the grounding test pile upper wiring board, the wiring terminal B terminal 2023b on the grounding test pile single-pole double-throw switch, the grounding terminal 2012b on the grounding test pile lower wiring board, the grounding steel rod, and the signal transmitter 3.

[0051] The receiver 4 is used to receive electromagnetic signals; the computer monitoring terminal 6 is connected to the induction optical cable 105 inside the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 through the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5, and is used to process early warning information.

[0052] The core module of the pipeline damage prevention early warning host 5 includes an integrated laser, coupler, pulse signal generator, electro-optic modulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, circulator, balanced photodetector, filter, and data acquisition processor, used to generate and emit detection light pulses and demodulate and analyze the returned backscattered Rayleigh light signal. The computer monitoring terminal 6 is used for system control, data storage, decision analysis, and alarm display.

[0053] The reinforcing layer 102 is reinforced with non-metallic fiber winding. The test pile 2 also includes a test pile pier 204 and a sign 205.

[0054] Application Example 1: The tracing method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system in Example 1. The magnetic terminal of the signal transmitter 3 is connected to the test terminal 2a to transmit an electromagnetic signal with a frequency of 8kHz–200kHz, a current of 1A, and a voltage of 12V–24V to the tracing cable 106 built into the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1.

[0055] For intelligent flexible composite pipelines buried at a depth of 1.5m, the inspection steps are as follows: First, mark the pipeline routes.

[0056] Turn on signal transmitter 3 to inject a 1A, 12V, 32kHz electromagnetic signal into tracer cable 106. Simultaneously turn on receiver 4 and use receiver 4 to capture the peak value of the corresponding frequency signal to determine the pipe direction. At this time, the magnetic induction intensity B is:

[0057] Secondly, the critical magnetic field strength for pipeline detection.

[0058] Adjust the output current of transmitter 4 to the critical current (0.7A). At this point, the magnetic induction intensity around tracer cable 106 is in a critical state where it can just be detected. B 临界 for:

[0059] Finally, mark the intermediate joint 109.

[0060] Adjust the injection current to be slightly higher than the critical value (0.75A). At this point, the magnetic induction intensity at the straight pipe section and the intermediate joint 109 location is... B 本体 , B 接头 They are respectively:

[0061]

[0062] Using a portable receiver 4 to detect the peak value change of the frequency signal along the known pipeline route, the magnetic anomaly point (i.e. the location where the signal disappears or weakens significantly) is located. This location corresponds to the position of each intermediate joint 109 of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1.

[0063] The tracing method of the aforementioned intelligent flexible composite pipeline system achieves accurate detection of buried pipelines by precisely controlling current, frequency, and magnetic field strength. Its accuracy can be analyzed from the following aspects: (1) Precise control of signal transmission and reception: Electromagnetic signals of a specific frequency (32kHz), current (1A), and voltage (12V–24V) are injected into the tracer cable 106 by the signal transmitter 3, ensuring the stability and reliability of signal transmission within the intelligent flexible composite tube 1. The receiver 4 can accurately capture the signal peak changes at a specific frequency, thereby determining the orientation of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1. This process relies on the high consistency between the signal frequency and the orientation of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1, allowing the pipe position to be accurately calibrated during the detection process.

[0064] (2) Application of critical magnetic field strength for pipeline detection When the output current of the signal transmitter 3 is adjusted to the critical current (0.7A), the magnetic field strength around the tracer cable 106 can be accurately measured, thereby determining whether the intelligent flexible composite tube 1 can be detected.

[0065] (3) Precision of positioning intermediate joint 109 After adjusting the current to slightly above the critical current (0.75A), different magnetic field strengths can be detected at the locations of straight pipe sections and intermediate joints 109, providing a basis for accurately marking the intermediate joints 109. By detecting changes in the signal (such as signal disappearance or significant weakening), the location of each intermediate joint 109 can be accurately determined, ensuring the marking of critical pipe nodes.

[0066] (4) Use portable receivers to enhance detection flexibility Using a portable receiver 4 to detect changes in frequency signal peak values ​​allows inspectors to flexibly perform real-time measurements along known pipeline routes, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of inspections. For points of magnetic field anomalies (such as locations where the signal disappears or weakens significantly), the portable receiver can quickly locate and confirm the position of intermediate joints, providing a reliable basis for pipeline maintenance and fault diagnosis.

[0067] In summary, the accuracy of this tracing method is reflected in the precise control and real-time monitoring of various aspects such as signal frequency, magnetic field strength, and current output, which ensures high-precision detection of pipeline routing and intermediate joint positions, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of pipeline inspection.

[0068] Application Example 2 The early warning method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline in Example 1. For example... Figure 5 The diagram shown is a flowchart of an early warning method for an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system.

[0069] This application example is used in an intelligent flexible composite pipe gathering and transportation pipeline between a single well and a gathering and transportation station in an oil and gas field. The total length of the pipeline is 2.1km and the burial depth is 1.5m. The intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 has a single-mode induction optical cable 105 built in it for vibration monitoring of the pipeline laying environment.

[0070] The pipeline damage prevention early warning host 5 uses a laser with a center wavelength of 1550nm and a linewidth of less than 1kHz; the detection pulse width is 100ns, corresponding to a spatial resolution of approximately 10m; the pulse repetition frequency is 5kHz; the output power of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is 23dBm; the data acquisition sampling rate is 100MS / s, and the fiber attenuation coefficient is approximately 0.19dB / km; a coaxially laid sensing optical cable is used. L 2 = 2.1km. The length of the sensing optical cable from the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5 in the central control center to the starting point of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 is 0.1km. Therefore, the total length of the sensing optical cable 105 from the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5 in the central control center to the end of the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 is... L 1 = 2.2 km.

[0071] When an excavator is working above the pipeline, the periodic vibrations generated by the mechanical operation are transmitted to the sensing optical cable 105 built into the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 through coupling between the soil and the pipeline structure.

[0072] The pipeline damage prevention early warning host 5 injects detection pulses into the sensing optical cable 105 and collects the data. m =200 consecutive backscattering Rayleigh scattering curves, each curve containing n=14000 sampling points, corresponding to a 2.2km length of induction optical cable 105. Adjacent curves are arranged in order of frequency. s =1 is used for moving differential processing to obtain a two-dimensional backscattering Rayleigh scattering amplitude matrix. Then, the 199 amplitude curves after differential processing are accumulated and averaged, and the length of sensing optical cable 105 corresponding to the starting point from the pipeline anti-damage early warning host 5 to the intelligent flexible composite pipe 1 is removed. L 1- L 2 = 0.1 km.

[0073] In this application example, when a medium-sized excavator is operating 5 meters to the side of the pipeline starting point at a distance of approximately 1.15 km, the computer monitoring terminal (PC) 6 is set to a length of... W A sliding time window of 50 is used, and a comprehensive risk index is calculated within each sliding window. Through field calibration tests on a 2.1km pipeline, at a distance of approximately 1.15km from the pipeline start point, the sliding window... W =50 captured a significant waveform, such as Figure 6 As shown, based on the phase angle waveform characteristics (the phase angle refers to the small deformation that occurs instantaneously when the vibration wave excited by the excavator is transmitted to the composite pipe during operation, resulting in a phase difference between the emitted and reflected waves), three major evaluation objectives are calculated: the destructive force level of the equipment, the estimated spatial distance, and the transient action characteristics. The model calculation results are as follows: E (1150, t 0) = 58, D (1150, t 0) = 5, S (1150, t 0)=6, because flexible composite pipes are sensitive to direct shear force, distance and energy magnitude usually have the highest weight. Based on field experimental results, the weights of the three dimensions are calibrated as follows: =(1.77,0.04,5.32,1000), substituting into the nonlinear fusion formula:

[0074] The result is Ω(1150,t0) = 66.88. Based on the pipeline's tolerance limit, the stepped safety threshold range is set to be 0 warning. Level III Warning Level II Warning Level 1 warning Therefore, the final judgment was a level-two warning.

[0075] Therefore, for the vibration caused by the medium-sized excavator at 1.15km, the output of the single decision function is 2 (level 2 warning). Subsequently, the system will call the continuous window decision mechanism, and after confirmation, the central control terminal will officially pop up an alarm.

[0076] To prevent false alarms caused by occasional strong interference and to improve the stability and noise resistance of event determination, a continuous window determination mechanism is invoked. For example... Figure 7 The diagram shows a sliding window, positioned at a distance from the beginning of the pipe. z 0=1150 Window starting number is t 0, within 15 consecutive sliding windows (W1, W2, ..., W15), the output sequence of the single decision function is: Set target early warning level L r ( L r =2), the early warning decision function outputs 8 times that the target early warning level has been reached or exceeded. Lr This triggered an alert.

[0077] Field monitoring tests show that the system can achieve real-time monitoring of the entire intelligent flexible composite pipe, with an excavator size identification accuracy of over 90% and a vibration event positioning error of no more than 10m, enabling effective graded early warning in the early stages of construction.

[0078] Example 2 like Figure 8 The diagram shows an intelligent flexible composite pipeline system (current is applied from the middle to both ends). This embodiment is the same as Embodiment 1, except that the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system includes two grounding test piles 2b.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions, characterized in that, include: Intelligent flexible composite pipe (1), test pile (2), signal transmitter (3), receiver (4), pipeline anti-damage early warning host (5), computer monitoring terminal (6); The intelligent flexible composite tube (1) is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes an inner lining layer (101), a reinforcing layer (102), an inner protective layer (103), a heat insulation layer (104), an induction optical cable (105), a tracer cable (106), a wrapping layer (107), and an outer protective layer (108). The reinforcing layer (102) is wrapped around the inner lining layer (101), the inner protective layer (103) is wrapped around the reinforcing layer (103), the heat insulation layer (104) is located outside the inner protective layer (103), the induction optical cable (105) and the tracer cable (106) are arranged in parallel outside the heat insulation layer (104) and are covered by the wrapping layer (107). The outer protective layer (108) constitutes the outermost layer of the intelligent flexible composite tube (1). At the intermediate joint (109) of the intelligent flexible composite pipe (1), the tracer cable (106) is set as three parallel metal tracer cables; The test pile (2) includes a wiring test pile (2a) and at least one grounding test pile (2b). The wiring terminal of the signal transmitter (3) is connected to the tracer cable (106) and the grounding test pile (2b) in the intelligent flexible composite pipe (1) through the wiring test pile (2a). The grounding terminal of the signal transmitter (3) is connected to the earth. The receiver (4) is used to receive electromagnetic signals. The computer monitoring terminal (6) is connected to the induction optical cable (105) in the intelligent flexible composite pipe (1) through the pipeline anti-damage early warning host (5) and is used to process early warning information.

2. The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wiring test post (2a) includes a lower wiring plate (201a), an upper wiring plate (202a), and an internal cable connection wire (203a). The lower terminal block (201a) of the wiring test post is equipped with a lower terminal block terminal (2011a) and a grounding terminal (2012a). The upper terminal block (202a) of the wiring test post is equipped with an upper terminal block terminal (2021a), a single-pole double-throw switch A terminal (2022a), and a single-pole double-throw switch B terminal (2023a). The upper terminal block terminal (2021a) of the wiring test post is connected to... The single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the A terminal (2022a) or B terminal (2023a) of the single-pole double-throw switch on the wiring test pile. The A terminal (2022a) and B terminal (2023a) of the single-pole double-throw switch on the wiring test pile are respectively connected to the lower terminal block terminal (2011a) and the grounding terminal (2012a) of the wiring test pile through the internal cable connection wire (203a). The grounding test post (2b) includes a lower terminal block (201b), an upper terminal block (202b), and an internal cable connection line (203b). The lower terminal block (201b) of the grounding test pile is equipped with a lower terminal block terminal (2011b) and a grounding wire terminal (2012b). The upper terminal block (202b) of the grounding test pile is equipped with an upper terminal block terminal (2021b), a single-pole double-throw switch A terminal (2022b), and a single-pole double-throw switch B terminal (2023b). The upper terminal block terminal (2021b) of the grounding test pile is connected to... The single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the A terminal (2022b) or B terminal (2023b) of the single-pole double-throw switch of the grounding test pile. The A terminal (2022b) and B terminal (2023b) of the single-pole double-throw switch of the grounding test pile are respectively connected to the lower terminal block terminal (2011b) and the grounding wire terminal (2012b) of the grounding test pile through the internal cable connection wire (203b).

3. The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test pile (2) also includes a test pile foundation pier (204) and a signboard (205); the receiver (4) is a portable receiver.

4. The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate connector (109) includes an inner core (1091), an outer sleeve (1092), a nut (1093), and a heat shrink sleeve (1094). The intermediate connector (109) consists of, from the inside out, an inner core (1091), an inner lining layer (101), a reinforcing layer (102), an inner protective layer (103), and a heat shrink sleeve (1094). The tracer cable (106) in the intermediate connector (109) is configured as three parallel cables, namely tracer cable 1 (1061), tracer cable 2 (1062), and tracer cable 3 (1063). The tracer cable 1 (1061), tracer cable 2 (1062), tracer cable 3 (1063), and the sensing optical cable (105) are arranged in parallel outside the outer sleeve (1092) and are all wrapped by the heat shrink sleeve (1094). The nut (1093) is used to connect the two sections of the inner core (1091).

5. The intelligent flexible composite pipeline system integrating tracing and damage prevention early warning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core modules of the pipeline anti-damage early warning host (5) include a laser, coupler, pulse signal generator, electro-optic modulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, circulator, balanced photodetector, filter and data acquisition processor, which are used to generate and emit detection light pulses and demodulate and analyze the returned back Rayleigh scattering light signals.

6. A tracing method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) System connection preparation: When laying the intelligent flexible composite pipe (1), lead out the built-in tracer cable (106) and connect it to the wiring terminal (2011a) of the wiring test pile and the wiring terminal (2011b) of the grounding test pile. 2) Signal transmission setup: When conducting the detection, connect the magnetic terminal of the signal transmitter (3) to the terminal block (2021a) on the wiring test pile, and ground the signal transmitter (3) to the ground through the grounding steel rod; 3) Operate the single-pole double-throw switch to connect the wiring terminals (2021a) on the wiring test pile and the wiring terminals (2021b) on the grounding test pile to the wiring terminals (2011a) on the lower wiring test pile and the grounding terminal (2012b) on the grounding test pile, respectively; then turn on the signal transmitter (3) to inject electromagnetic signals into the tracer cable (106); 4) The receiver (4) receives the corresponding frequency signal and uses the peak signal to find the direction of the intelligent flexible composite tube 1.

7. The tracing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 4), the method for finding the orientation of the intelligent flexible composite pipe (1) through the peak signal includes: The signal transmitter (3) applies current to the tracer cable (106) through the wiring test post (2a). I， Frequency is f Current element I At a certain point in space ( x The magnetic induction intensity produced at (0,0) B ( x 0) is: （1）； in, B ( x 0) represents a point in space ( x The magnetic field strength generated at (0,0); μ 0 represents the permeability of free space; h For a point in space ( x The depth of the intelligent flexible composite pipe from 0,0); I The current applied by the signal transmitter (3) to the tracer cable (106); When the observation point is directly above the tracer cable (106), the magnetic induction intensity of the straight pipe section is... B 本体 for: （2）； When the observation point is directly above the tracer cable, the magnetic induction intensity at the pipe joint is... B 接头 for: （3）； The location of the straight pipe section and the intermediate joint (109) can be distinguished based on the difference in magnetic induction intensity.

8. An early warning method for the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The laser beam emitted by the laser is split into local oscillator light and probe light by the coupler. The probe light is modulated into a probe pulse by the electro-optic modulator and amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier to obtain the incident pulse. Finally, the incident pulse is injected into the induction optical cable (105) built into the intelligent flexible composite tube (1) through the circulator. S2. The incident pulse generates backscattered Rayleigh light, which carries vibration information. After being coherent with the local oscillator light in the coupler, it is converted into an electrical signal by a balanced electro-optic detector and then input into the computer monitoring terminal (6) through a filter, amplifier, and data acquisition unit in sequence. S3. The computer monitoring terminal (6) assesses the risks generated by different excavation equipment based on the collected pipeline data information and the real-time amplitude threshold early warning algorithm based on the sliding window, and performs graded early warning.

9. The early warning method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: S301: Sliding Window and Signal Interception: The computer monitoring terminal (6) will locate any spatial point z Data along the pipeline at point 0 is integrated into a discrete time series. Then, the data is aggregated into a data stream, which is then divided into sliding windows to extract sample data. : （4）； in, W ( z 0, t 0) is a spatial positioning point. z Sample data is extracted from a sliding window at position 0 with a start time of t0. W The length of the sliding window; S302: Multidimensional Feature Calculation and Risk Index Synthesis: In the process of extracting... Subsequently, the key features in three dimensions were deconstructed, and these key features were then dimensionality-reduced and mapped to a comprehensive risk index. Ω ( z 0, t 0): S3021. Calculate the dominant frequency, centroid, low-frequency band energy ratio, mid-frequency band energy ratio, envelope spectrum characteristic frequency, and MFCC characteristics to determine the destructive force level of the excavating equipment. E ( z 0, t 0); S3022. Combining the empirical formula for seismic wave attenuation at the site with the root mean square value, spatial attenuation gradient, and spatial influence span, the predicted spatial distance of the seismic source is inverted. D ( z 0, t 0); S3023. Calculate kurtosis, crest factor, zero-crossing rate, skewness, peak-to-peak value, and wavelet packet energy entropy abrupt change index to extract and identify multi-scale transient action features. S ( z 0, t 0); S3024. Reduce the key features to a comprehensive risk index. Ω ( z 0, t 0), Ω ( z 0, t 0)= f ( E ( z 0, t 0), D ( z 0, t 0), S ( z 0, t 0))（5）； S303: Window alert decision function: For the start time t The sliding window corresponding to 0, and the window alert decision function. R ( z 0, t 0) is: （6）， in, Ω L Ω M Ω H These are the lower threshold values ​​for Level 3, Level 2, and Level 3 early warnings, respectively.

10. The early warning method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S303 further includes, starting at time t0, during continuous... N Within each sliding window, the output sequence of the single decision function is as follows: Set target warning level L r : （7）； Define a binary indicator function: （8）； The mechanism for determining consecutive windows is as follows: in consecutive windows... N Within a sliding window, the decision function R t Output at least K This time the target warning level is reached or exceeded L r That is, satisfying: （9）； Finally, the warning trigger function is obtained. : （10）； when When =1, the intelligent flexible composite pipeline system is in z 0 officially confirmed and triggered at level 0 L r Warning events.

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