Coal-based solid waste soilization laboratory special device and test method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of coal-based solid waste soil laboratory special device, including bearing frame, layered reaction column, layered pore water extraction mechanism, percolate collection mechanism, gas collection mechanism, environment and loading control mechanism, layered reaction column is connected with bearing frame, percolate collection mechanism is located below layered reaction column, layered pore water extraction mechanism is located in layered reaction column, gas collection mechanism is connected with layered reaction column, environment and loading control mechanism is connected with the inside surface of layered reaction column.Its use method includes three steps such as system equipment, detection pre-design data detection, etc.The present application can be flexibly adjusted according to the need of use Equipment structure, to effectively meet the need of different detection operation use, and effectively simulate the real geological environment, and can realize the need of accurate and long-term continuous stable detection to sudden seepage, seepage, element change, to greatly improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of detection operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental science and engineering technology, specifically to a laboratory-specific device and testing method for the soilification of coal-based solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of improving coal-based solid waste through "soilification" for use in mine reclamation, landscaping, or ecological restoration, the laboratory stage requires simulating the water-air-heat environment, material migration and transformation, and structural evolution during the soilification process under controlled conditions. This allows for the selection of appropriate formulations, optimization of processes, and verification of environmental safety. However, in actual testing, it has been found that the experimental and simulation testing equipment currently used in laboratories often cannot effectively simulate the real geological environment, resulting in the following deficiencies in current testing operations: (1) Difficulty in obtaining water from the strata: It relies heavily on destructive sampling, which has poor repeatability; the bottom leachate cannot represent the pore water of each layer.

[0003] (2) The process simulation is crude: ventilation, temperature and humidity and water addition are difficult to coordinate and control, and it is difficult to simulate the alternation of dry and wet conditions, capillary rise and stratified oxygen diffusion under natural conditions.

[0004] (3) Distortion of migration channels: Coal-based solid waste is prone to cementation and compaction, and soil columns are prone to bypass seepage, stratified collapse or local "hard shell", resulting in unreliable leaching-migration parameters.

[0005] (4) Lack of closed-loop evidence chain: Pore water, leachate and gas release (NH3, H2S, CO2, etc.) are often not collected and recorded synchronously, and there is a lack of sample retention and sealing mechanism during critical abnormal periods.

[0006] This leads to low efficiency in current soil chemical mechanism analysis and proportioning process screening, necessitating the development of specialized and integrated experimental devices and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a special laboratory device and method for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste. This invention has a high degree of system integration. On the one hand, the equipment structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of use, thereby effectively meeting the needs of different testing operations and effectively simulating the real geological environment, thus greatly improving the flexibility and applicability of the equipment. On the other hand, it can realize the need for accurate and long-term continuous and stable detection of sudden water seepage, gas seepage, and elemental changes, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the testing operation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a laboratory-specific apparatus and method for the soilification of coal-based solid waste: A special device for coal-based solid waste soilification in the laboratory, comprising a bearing frame, a layered reaction column, a layered pore water extraction mechanism, a leachate collection mechanism, a gas collection mechanism, an environment and loading regulation mechanism, a data collection mechanism and a control terminal. The layered reaction column is a cavity structure with an axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is connected to the ground plane through the bearing frame. The leachate collection mechanism is located below the layered reaction column and is coaxially distributed, and the layered reaction column is connected to the leachate collection mechanism. The layered pore water extraction mechanism is located inside the layered reaction column and is parallel to the axis of the layered reaction column, and the upper end surface of the layered pore water extraction mechanism is located outside the upper end surface of the layered reaction column. The gas collection mechanism is connected to the layered reaction column and is connected to the layered reaction column. The environment and loading regulation mechanism is embedded in the layered reaction column and is connected to the inner side surface of the layered reaction column. The data collection mechanism and the control terminal are both located outside the layered reaction column and are connected to the bearing frame. The control terminal is electrically connected to the layered reaction column, the layered pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, the environment and loading regulation mechanism, and the data collection mechanism respectively. At the same time, the data collection mechanism establishes data connections with the layered pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, and the environment and loading regulation mechanism respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the layered reaction column includes an assembly base, an adjustment cylinder, a sealing head, a sealing ring, and a polymer elastic inner lining. The assembly base and the sealing head are both cylindrical groove structures with an axial cross-section in the shape of "冂". There is at least one adjustment cylinder, which is a cylindrical hollow tubular structure. The assembly base and the sealing head are connected through at least one adjustment cylinder to form a cylindrical cavity structure. A drain port coaxial with it is provided on the lower end surface of the assembly base and is connected to the leachate collection mechanism through the drain port. Two through holes are provided on the upper end surface of the sealing head, and the upper halves of the layered pore water extraction mechanism and the gas collection mechanism are located outside the sealing head through one through hole respectively. The sealing ring is a closed ring structure coaxial with the adjustment cylinder, and each sealing ring is located at the connection positions of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head respectively. There are several polymer elastic inner linings, which are hollow cylindrical cavity structures coaxial with the adjustment cylinder and are connected to the inner side surfaces of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head through the environment and loading regulation mechanism respectively. There is at least one temperature and humidity sensor and at least one pressure sensor, which are embedded in the inner side surface of the polymer elastic inner lining. At least two electric heating mechanisms are provided on the inner side surfaces of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head, and each electric heating mechanism is distributed in a spiral structure around the axis of the adjustment cylinder. The temperature and humidity sensors, the pressure sensors, and the electric heating mechanisms are all electrically connected to the control terminal. At the same time, the temperature and humidity sensors and the pressure sensors are also connected to the data collection mechanism to establish data connections.

[0010] Furthermore, each of the assembly base, adjusting cylinder, and sealing head is provided with at least one bearing net coaxially distributed therewith, and the bearing net is elastically connected to the inner surface of the assembly base, adjusting cylinder, and sealing head by a spring.

[0011] Furthermore, the environmental and loading control mechanism includes an annular hydraulic bladder, a hydraulic station, a temperature and humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, and an electric heating mechanism. The annular and circular hydraulic bladders are coaxially distributed with the regulating cylinder. The annular hydraulic bladder is connected to the regulating cylinder, the assembly base, and the inner side of the sealing head. The circular hydraulic bladders are connected to the bottom of the assembly base and the sealing head, respectively, and are coaxially distributed. A polymer elastic liner is connected to the assembly base, the regulating cylinder, and the sealing head through the annular hydraulic bladders. Each annular hydraulic bladder, assembly base, regulating cylinder, and sealing head is equipped with at least two temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and electric heating mechanisms. These sensors are arranged in a spiral structure around the axis of the regulating cylinder. Each annular and circular hydraulic bladder is connected to the hydraulic station, which is connected to the supporting frame. The hydraulic station, temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and electric heating mechanisms are all electrically connected to the control terminal, and the temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors are connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the leachate collection mechanism includes a negative pressure pump, a collection tank, a control valve, and a flow sensor. The control valve is connected to the drain outlet at the bottom of the stratified reaction column via a guide pipe, and at least one flow sensor is installed on the guide pipe. The collection tank is an inverted conical tank structure, and a sampling port is provided at the bottom of the collection tank, which is connected to the negative pressure pump. The negative pressure pump and the collection tank are both connected to the support frame. The negative pressure pump, the control valve, and the flow sensor are all electrically connected to the control terminal. The flow sensor is also connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the stratified pore water extraction mechanism includes a sieve tube, a throttle valve, a spray head, a spray pump, a water pump, a water storage tank, a collection tank, and a level gauge. There are at least two sieve tubes, which are interconnected by the throttle valve and coaxially distributed. Each sieve tube is located inside the stratified reaction column and parallel to its axis. The sieve tubes are connected to the inner surface of the stratified reaction column. The upper end face of each sieve tube is located outside the stratified reaction column through a through-hole and is connected to the water pump. The water pump is connected to the water pump via a guide pipe. The system is connected to the collection tank. At least one spray head is located inside the stratified reaction column and connected to the top of the stratified reaction column. The axis of the spray head forms an angle of 0° to 45° with the axis of the stratified reaction column. The spray head is connected to the spray pump through a guide pipe. The spray pump is also connected to the water storage tank through a guide pipe. Both the water storage tank and the collection tank are equipped with level gauges. The throttle valve, spray pump, water pump, and level gauges are all electrically connected to the control terminal. The throttle valve and level gauges are also connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas collection mechanism includes a gas storage cylinder, a booster pump, a duct fan, a gas collection hood, a multi-way valve, a gas guide pipe, and a gas collection cylinder. One end of the duct fan is connected to the lower end face of the sieve tube of the stratified pore water extraction mechanism, and the other end is connected to the multi-way valve. The multi-way valve is also connected to the booster pump through the duct fan and to the gas storage cylinder through the booster pump. The gas collection hood is located inside the stratified reaction column, connected to the top of the stratified reaction column and coaxially distributed. At least one duct fan is installed inside the gas collection hood, and the gas collection hood is connected to the gas collection cylinder through the duct fan. The booster pump, the duct fan, and the multi-way valve are all electrically connected to the control terminal.

[0015] Furthermore, the data acquisition mechanism can be any one of a PC computer, a network server, or an industrial computer; the control terminal is a circuit system based on programmable control.

[0016] A method for using a laboratory-specific device for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste includes the following steps: S1, the system equipment, assembles the support frame, the stratified reaction column, the stratified pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, the environmental and loading control mechanism, the data acquisition mechanism, and the control terminal to obtain the finished testing mechanism. The testing mechanism is then installed and positioned using the support frame. On the one hand, it provides water for the stratified pore water extraction mechanism and equipment testing; on the other hand, it adds the soil sample to be tested into the stratified reaction column. S2, the detection preset, first drives the operation of the environmental and loading control mechanism and the leachate collection mechanism to adjust and maintain the temperature, pressure, humidity and water content of the soil sample in the stratified reaction column; S3, Data Detection: After setting the environment through step S2, and maintaining stable environmental parameters of the soil sample, the layered pore water extraction mechanism, leachate collection mechanism, and gas collection mechanism are driven to operate, collecting leachate and diffused gas from the soil sample. The collected liquid and gas samples are then analyzed using third-party testing equipment.

[0017] The present invention has a high degree of system integration. On the one hand, the equipment structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of use, thereby effectively meeting the needs of different detection operations and effectively simulating the real geological environment, thus greatly improving the flexibility and applicability of the equipment. On the other hand, it can realize the need for accurate and long-term continuous and stable detection of sudden water seepage, gas seepage and elemental changes, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of detection operations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sieve tube structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the annular hydraulic bladder and the polymer elastic liner. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, a special device for coal-based solid waste soilification in the laboratory includes a bearing frame 1, a layered reaction column 2, a layered pore water extraction mechanism 3, a leachate collection mechanism 4, a gas collection mechanism 5, an environment and loading regulation mechanism 6, a data collection mechanism 7, and a control terminal 8. The layered reaction column 2 is a cavity structure with its axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is connected to the ground plane through the bearing frame 1. The leachate collection mechanism 4 is located below the layered reaction column 2 and is coaxially distributed, and the layered reaction column 2 is connected to the leachate collection mechanism 4. The layered pore water extraction mechanism 3 is located inside the layered reaction column 2 and is parallel to the axis of the layered reaction column 2, and the upper end surface of the layered pore water extraction mechanism 3 is located outside the upper end surface of the layered reaction column 2. The gas collection mechanism 5 is connected to the layered reaction column 2 and is connected to the layered reaction column 2. The environment and loading regulation mechanism 6 is embedded in the layered reaction column 2 and is connected to the inner side surface of the layered reaction column 2. The data collection mechanism 7 and the control terminal 8 are both located outside the layered reaction column 2 and are connected to the bearing frame 1. The control terminal 8 is electrically connected to the layered reaction column 2, the layered pore water extraction mechanism 3, the leachate collection mechanism 4, the gas collection mechanism 5, the environment and loading regulation mechanism 6, and the data collection mechanism 7 respectively. At the same time, the data collection mechanism 7 establishes data connections with the layered pore water extraction mechanism 3, the leachate collection mechanism 4, the gas collection mechanism 5, and the environment and loading regulation mechanism 6 respectively.

[0021] In this embodiment, the layered reaction column 2 includes an assembly base 21, an adjustment cylinder 22, a sealing head 23, a sealing ring 24, and a polymer elastic inner lining 25. The assembly base 21 and the sealing head 23 are both cylindrical groove structures with an axial cross-section in the shape of "冂". There is at least one adjustment cylinder 22, which is a cylindrical hollow tubular structure. The assembly base 21 and the sealing head 23 are connected through at least one adjustment cylinder 22 to form a cylindrical cavity structure. The lower end surface of the assembly base 21 is provided with a drain port 26 coaxially distributed with it, and is connected to the leachate collection mechanism 4 through the drain port 26. The upper end surface of the sealing head 23 is provided with two through holes 27, and the upper halves of the layered pore water extraction mechanism 3 and the gas collection mechanism 5 are respectively located outside the sealing head 23 through one through hole 27. The sealing ring 24 is a closed ring structure coaxially distributed with the adjustment cylinder 22, and each sealing ring 24 is respectively located at the connection positions of the assembly base 21, the adjustment cylinder 22, and the sealing head 23. There are several polymer elastic inner linings 25, which are hollow cylindrical cavity structures coaxially distributed with the adjustment cylinder 22, and are connected to the inner side surfaces of the assembly base 21, the adjustment cylinder 22, and the sealing head 23 through the environment and loading regulation mechanism 6.

[0022] Further optimized, at least one bearing net 28 coaxially distributed with it is provided inside the assembly base 21, the adjustment cylinder 22, and the sealing head 23, and the bearing net 28 is elastically connected to the inner side surfaces of the assembly base 21, the adjustment cylinder 22, and the sealing head 23 through a spring 29.

[0023] In a further optimized configuration, the adjusting cylinder 22 has a height of 30-80 mm and an inner diameter of 100-200 mm, and the cylinder sections are connected by a flange snap-fit ​​or threaded clamping structure.

[0024] It should be noted that a plurality of microelectrodes 201 and conductivity probes 202 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the polymer elastic liner 25, and the microelectrodes 201 and conductivity probes 202 are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism 7 and the control terminal 8, respectively.

[0025] The microelectrodes and conductivity probes installed can simultaneously detect changes in conductivity and element concentration in the soil throughout the entire detection process.

[0026] Meanwhile, the environment and loading control mechanism 6 includes annular hydraulic bladders 61, a hydraulic station 63, a temperature and humidity sensor 64, a pressure sensor 65, and an electric heating mechanism 62. The annular hydraulic bladders 61 are coaxially distributed with the adjusting cylinder 22. The annular hydraulic bladders 61 are connected to the inner sides of the adjusting cylinder 22, the assembly base 21, and the sealing head 23. The annular hydraulic bladders 61 are also coaxially distributed and connected to the bottom of the assembly base 21 and the sealing head 23, respectively. The polymer elastic liner 25 is connected to the assembly base 21, the adjusting cylinder 22, and the sealing head 23 through the annular hydraulic bladders 61. Each annular hydraulic bladder 61 is also connected to... The mounting base 21, adjusting cylinder 22, and sealing head 23 are each equipped with at least two temperature and humidity sensors 64, pressure sensors 65, and electric heating mechanisms 62. Each temperature and humidity sensor 64, pressure sensor 65, and electric heating mechanism 62 is arranged in a spiral structure around the axis of the adjusting cylinder 22. Each annular hydraulic bladder 61 is connected to a hydraulic station 63, which is connected to the support frame 1. At the same time, the hydraulic station 63, temperature and humidity sensors 64, pressure sensors 65, and electric heating mechanisms 62 are all electrically connected to the control terminal 8, and the temperature and humidity sensors 64 and pressure sensors 65 are all connected to the data acquisition mechanism 7.

[0027] In this embodiment, the leachate collection mechanism 4 includes a negative pressure pump 41, a collection tank 42, a control valve 43, and a flow sensor 44. The control valve 43 is connected to the drain outlet 26 at the bottom of the stratified reaction column 2 through a guide pipe, and at least one flow sensor 44 is provided on the guide pipe. The collection tank 42 is an inverted conical tank structure, and a sampling port 45 is provided at the bottom of the collection tank 42, which is connected to the negative pressure pump 41. The negative pressure pump 41 and the collection tank 42 are both connected to the support frame 1. The negative pressure pump 41, the control valve 43, and the flow sensor 44 are all electrically connected to the control terminal 8. The flow sensor 44 is also connected to the data acquisition mechanism 7.

[0028] In this embodiment, the stratified pore water extraction mechanism 3 includes a sieve tube 31, a throttle valve 32, a spray head 33, a spray pump 34, a water pump 35, a water storage tank 36, a collection tank 37, and a level gauge 38. There are at least two sieve tubes 31, which are interconnected and coaxially distributed via the throttle valve 32. Each sieve tube 31 is located inside the stratified reaction column 2 and parallel to its axis. The sieve tubes 31 are connected to the inner surface of the stratified reaction column 2. The upper end face of each sieve tube 31 is located outside the stratified reaction column 2 through a through-hole 27 and is connected to the water pump 35. The water pump 35 is connected via a guide tube. The pipe is connected to the collection tank 37. At least one spray head 33 is located inside the stratified reaction column 2 and connected to the top of the stratified reaction column 2. The axis of the spray head 33 forms an angle of 0° to 45° with the axis of the stratified reaction column 2. The spray head 33 is connected to the spray pump 34 through the guide pipe. At the same time, the spray pump 34 is also connected to the water storage tank 36 through the guide pipe. At the same time, the water storage tank 36 and the collection tank 37 are both equipped with level gauges 38. The throttle valve 32, the spray pump 34, the water pump 35, and the level gauge 38 are all electrically connected to the control terminal 8. At the same time, the throttle valve 32 and the level gauge 38 are both connected to the data acquisition mechanism 7.

[0029] It should be noted that a ceramic / sintered porous body or microporous PTFE water intake filter element 39 is provided inside the sieve tube 31, and the pore diameter of the filter element 39 is 0.1-5 μm.

[0030] In this embodiment, the gas collection mechanism 5 includes a gas storage cylinder 51, a booster pump 52, a duct fan 53, a gas collection hood 54, a multi-way valve 55, a gas guide pipe 56, and a gas collection cylinder 57. One end of the gas guide pipe 56 is connected to the lower end face of the sieve tube 31 of the stratified pore water extraction mechanism 3, and the other end is connected to the multi-way valve 55. The multi-way valve 55 is also connected to the booster pump 52 through a duct and to the gas storage cylinder 57 through the booster pump 52. The gas collection hood 54 is located inside the stratified reaction column 2, connected to the top of the stratified reaction column 2 and coaxially distributed. At least one duct fan 53 is installed inside the gas collection hood 54. At the same time, the gas collection hood 54 is connected to the gas collection cylinder 57 through a duct. The booster pump 52, the duct fan, and the multi-way valve 55 are all electrically connected to the control terminal 8.

[0031] In this embodiment, the data acquisition mechanism 7 can be any one of a PC computer, a network server, or an industrial computer; the control terminal 8 is a circuit system based on programmable control.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the method of using a special laboratory device for the soilification of coal-based solid waste includes the following steps: S1, the system equipment, assembles the support frame, the stratified reaction column, the stratified pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, the environmental and loading control mechanism, the data acquisition mechanism, and the control terminal to obtain the finished testing mechanism. The testing mechanism is then installed and positioned using the support frame. On the one hand, it provides water for the stratified pore water extraction mechanism and equipment testing; on the other hand, it adds the soil sample to be tested into the stratified reaction column. S2, the detection preset, first drives the operation of the environmental and loading control mechanism and the leachate collection mechanism to adjust and maintain the temperature, pressure, humidity and water content of the soil sample in the stratified reaction column; S3, Data Detection: After setting the environment through step S2, and maintaining stable environmental parameters of the soil sample, the layered pore water extraction mechanism, leachate collection mechanism, and gas collection mechanism are driven to operate, collecting leachate and diffused gas from the soil sample. The collected liquid and gas samples are then analyzed using third-party testing equipment.

[0033] Further explanation and optimization are needed in the testing process: The stratified reaction column is used to construct soil-like profiles; the stratified pore water extraction mechanism is used to extract pore water from each layer separately; the leachate collection mechanism is used to collect the bottom leaching liquid; the gas acquisition mechanism is used to collect / measure the release of gases such as NH3, H2S, and CO2; the environmental and loading control mechanism is used to maintain temperature, ventilation, and bulk density; and the control terminal is used for parameter setting, data recording, and event sampling control.

[0034] The stratified reaction column is formed by stacking several separable annular cylindrical sections from bottom to top. Each section is 30-80 mm high and has an inner diameter of 100-200 mm. The sections are connected by flange snap-fit ​​or threaded clamping structures and equipped with alkali-resistant sealing rings to ensure lateral sealing. The inner wall of the cylindrical sections can be fitted with replaceable inert liners (such as PTFE thin liners or PEEK bushings) to reduce interference from the adsorption of dissolved ions and heavy metals.

[0035] A uniform water distribution plate (microporous distribution plate or ring drip irrigation pipe) is installed at the top of the reaction column to ensure even water infiltration / rinsing; a support filter plate and a conical collection funnel are installed at the bottom, with the filter plate having a pore size of 0.45-1.0 mm and a filter membrane / screen laid on it to prevent the loss of fine particles. A flow-limiting sealing strip or flexible compression ring is installed on the side to suppress bypass seepage through the column wall.

[0036] To simulate the on-site compaction and volumetric density evolution of the backfill soil, a controllable loading plate (spring loading, screw loading, or small pneumatic loading) is installed at the top of the reaction column, with an adjustable loading range of 0-30 kPa; the loading plate and the water distribution plate can be arranged as one unit or separately to ensure uniform water addition and stress distribution.

[0037] The sieve tube of the stratified pore water extraction mechanism is used to form a stable inlet water interface and block particles; a grid-type or labyrinth-type anti-clogging protective cover is set on its outside to reduce the risk of fine particles entering.

[0038] The device connects to a multi-section sieve tube with a throttling valve to achieve the need for stratified water extraction. The extraction negative pressure range is adjustable from 0 to 0.08 MPa. To ensure repeatability, the device is equipped with a sample discarding position and a quantitative sampling position: during sampling, the dead volume water sample in the pipeline is discarded first, and then the pore water of the target layer is collected quantitatively and put into the corresponding sample bottle.

[0039] The leachate collection mechanism and the stratified pore water extraction mechanism work together to simulate natural rainfall and alternating wet and dry conditions, and leachate is collected at the bottom of the stratified reaction column, enabling time-segmented collection. It is also equipped with a flow meter or weighing module for recording the leachate volume.

[0040] The multi-stage sieve tubes of the gas collection mechanism and the stratified pore water extraction mechanism work together to achieve stratified or overall gas supply; the ventilation rate is adjustable from 0-2 L / min to simulate the oxygen diffusion process under different ventilation intensities. A gas sampling port is set at the top, and an absorption bottle / gas sensor can be connected in series when necessary to achieve quantitative collection or quasi-online monitoring of gases such as NH3, H2S, and CO2.

[0041] In addition, Eh and O2 microelectrodes and conductivity probes can be configured inside the stratified reaction column to obtain key process quantities that change with depth; the bottom leachate and stratified pore water can be sampled and sent to an external detection chamber for rapid determination of pH / EC, etc., and samples can be retained for testing (ICP, ion chromatography, etc.).

[0042] The control terminal is used to set the water supply program, negative pressure sampling program, ventilation volume and loading level, and synchronously record information such as sampling time, sampling volume, negative pressure and percolation volume of each layer; when the monitoring parameters are abnormal (such as sudden pH change, rapid increase of EC, abnormal gas release), event sampling can be triggered to automatically seal the pore water of the corresponding layer and the percolation during that period, forming a traceable number.

[0043] The present invention has a high degree of system integration. On the one hand, the equipment structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of use, thereby effectively meeting the needs of different detection operations and effectively simulating the real geological environment, thus greatly improving the flexibility and applicability of the equipment. On the other hand, it can realize the need for accurate and long-term continuous and stable detection of sudden water seepage, gas seepage and elemental changes, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of detection operations.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the terms "connection", "installation", "fixing", "setting", etc. are interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate component without affecting the relationship between components and the technical effect. It can also be an integral connection or a partial connection. In such cases, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention or invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laboratory-specific device for the soilification of coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The special device for laboratory of coal-based solid waste soilification includes a bearing frame, a layered reaction column, a layered pore water extraction mechanism, a leachate collection mechanism, a gas collection mechanism, an environment and loading regulation mechanism, a data collection mechanism and a control terminal. Among them, the layered reaction column is a cavity structure with its axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and is connected to the ground plane through the bearing frame. The leachate collection mechanism is located below the layered reaction column and is coaxially distributed, and the layered reaction column is connected to the leachate collection mechanism. The layered pore water extraction mechanism is located inside the layered reaction column and is parallel to the axis of the layered reaction column, and the upper end surface of the layered pore water extraction mechanism is located outside the upper end surface of the layered reaction column. The gas collection mechanism is connected to the layered reaction column and is connected to the layered reaction column. The environment and loading regulation mechanism is embedded in the layered reaction column and is connected to the inner side surface of the layered reaction column. The data collection mechanism and the control terminal are both located outside the layered reaction column and are connected to the bearing frame. Among them, the control terminal is electrically connected to the layered reaction column, the layered pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, the environment and loading regulation mechanism, and the data collection mechanism respectively. At the same time, the data collection mechanism establishes data connections with the layered pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, and the environment and loading regulation mechanism respectively.

2. The laboratory-specific device for the soilification of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered reaction column includes an assembly base, an adjustment cylinder, a sealing head, a sealing ring, and a high molecular elastic inner lining. Among them, both the assembly base and the sealing head are cylindrical groove structures with an axial cross-section in the shape of "冂". There is at least one adjustment cylinder, which is a hollow cylindrical tube structure. Among them, the assembly base and the sealing head are connected through at least one adjustment cylinder to form a cylindrical cavity structure. The lower end surface of the assembly base is provided with a drain hole coaxially distributed with it, and is connected to the leachate collection mechanism through the drain hole. The upper end surface of the sealing head is provided with two through holes, and the upper halves of the layered pore water extraction mechanism and the gas collection mechanism are respectively located outside the sealing head through one through hole. The sealing ring is a closed ring structure coaxially distributed with the adjustment cylinder, and each sealing ring is respectively located at the connection positions of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head. There are several high molecular elastic inner linings, which are hollow cylindrical cavity structures coaxially distributed with the adjustment cylinder, and are respectively connected to the inner side surfaces of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head through the environment and loading regulation mechanism. There is at least one temperature and humidity sensor and at least one pressure sensor, which are embedded in the inner side surface of the high molecular elastic inner lining. The inner side surfaces of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head are all provided with at least two electric heating mechanisms, and each electric heating mechanism is distributed in a spiral structure around the axis of the adjustment cylinder. The temperature and humidity sensor, the pressure sensor, and the electric heating mechanism are all electrically connected to the control terminal. At the same time, the temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are also connected to the data collection mechanism to establish data connections.

3. The laboratory-specific device for soil chemistry of coal-based solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least one bearing net coaxially distributed with it is provided inside the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head, and the bearing net is elastically connected to the inner side surfaces of the assembly base, the adjustment cylinder, and the sealing head through springs.

4. A laboratory-specific device for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The environmental and loading control mechanism includes annular hydraulic bladders, a hydraulic station, temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and an electric heating mechanism. The annular and circular hydraulic bladders are coaxially distributed with the regulating cylinder. The annular hydraulic bladders are connected to the regulating cylinder, the assembly base, and the inner surface of the sealing head. The circular hydraulic bladders are connected to the bottom of the assembly base and the sealing head, respectively, and are coaxially distributed. A polymer elastic liner is connected to the assembly base, regulating cylinder, and sealing head through the annular hydraulic bladders. Each annular hydraulic bladder, assembly base, regulating cylinder, and sealing head is equipped with at least two temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and electric heating mechanisms. These sensors are arranged in a spiral structure around the axis of the regulating cylinder. Each annular and circular hydraulic bladder is connected to the hydraulic station, which is connected to the supporting frame. The hydraulic station, temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and electric heating mechanisms are all electrically connected to the control terminal, and the temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors are connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

5. A laboratory-specific device for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leachate collection mechanism includes a negative pressure pump, a collection tank, a control valve, and a flow sensor. The control valve is connected to the drain outlet at the bottom of the stratified reaction column via a guide pipe, and at least one flow sensor is installed on the guide pipe. The collection tank is an inverted conical tank structure with a sampling port at the bottom, which is connected to the negative pressure pump. The negative pressure pump and the collection tank are both connected to the support frame. The negative pressure pump, the control valve, and the flow sensor are all electrically connected to the control terminal. The flow sensor is also connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

6. A laboratory-specific device for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stratified pore water extraction mechanism includes sieve tubes, throttle valves, spray heads, spray pumps, water pumps, a water storage tank, a collection tank, and a level gauge. There are at least two sieve tubes, which are interconnected by the throttle valves and coaxially distributed. Each sieve tube is located inside the stratified reaction column and parallel to its axis. The sieve tubes are connected to the inner surface of the stratified reaction column. The upper end of each sieve tube is located outside the stratified reaction column through a through-hole and is connected to the water pump. The water pump is connected to the collection tank via a guide pipe. The tank is connected, and at least one spray head is located inside the stratified reaction column and connected to the top of the stratified reaction column. The axis of the spray head forms an angle of 0° to 45° with the axis of the stratified reaction column. The spray head is connected to the spray pump through a guide pipe, and the spray pump is also connected to the water storage tank through a guide pipe. The water storage tank and the liquid collection tank are both equipped with level gauges. The throttle valve, spray pump, water pump, and level gauge are all electrically connected to the control terminal. At the same time, the throttle valve and the level gauge are both connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

7. A laboratory-specific device for the soilification of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection mechanism includes a gas storage cylinder, a booster pump, a duct fan, a gas collection hood, a multi-way valve, a gas guide pipe, and a gas collection cylinder. One end of the duct fan is connected to the lower end face of the sieve tube of the stratified pore water extraction mechanism, and the other end is connected to the multi-way valve. The multi-way valve is also connected to the booster pump through the duct fan and to the gas storage cylinder through the booster pump. The gas collection hood is located inside the stratified reaction column, connected to the top of the stratified reaction column and coaxially distributed. At least one duct fan is installed inside the gas collection hood, and the gas collection hood is connected to the gas collection cylinder through the duct fan. The booster pump, the duct fan, and the multi-way valve are all electrically connected to the control terminal.

8. A laboratory-specific device for the soil analysis of coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition mechanism can be any one of a PC computer, a network server, or an industrial computer; the control terminal is a circuit system based on programmable control.

9. The method of using the special laboratory device for coal-based solid waste soil chemistry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the special laboratory device for coal-based solid waste soil chemistry includes the following steps: S1, the system equipment, assembles the support frame, the stratified reaction column, the stratified pore water extraction mechanism, the leachate collection mechanism, the gas collection mechanism, the environmental and loading control mechanism, the data acquisition mechanism, and the control terminal to obtain the finished testing mechanism. The testing mechanism is then installed and positioned using the support frame. On the one hand, it provides water for the stratified pore water extraction mechanism and equipment testing; on the other hand, it adds the soil sample to be tested into the stratified reaction column. S2, the detection preset, first drives the operation of the environmental and loading control mechanism and the leachate collection mechanism to adjust and maintain the temperature, pressure, humidity and water content of the soil sample in the stratified reaction column; S3, Data Detection: After setting the environment through step S2, and maintaining stable environmental parameters of the soil sample, the layered pore water extraction mechanism, leachate collection mechanism, and gas collection mechanism are driven to operate, collecting leachate and diffused gas from the soil sample. The collected liquid and gas samples are then analyzed using third-party testing equipment.

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