Method and system for evaluating and accounting for net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaics

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of rural distributed photovoltaic's net environmental benefit evaluation and accounting method, system in photovoltaic power generation technical field, the method includes data acquisition, whole life cycle carbon footprint accounting, carbon preferential emission reduction amount accounting, carbon compensation period calculation, optimization suggestion output etc.Steps, the system is used to realize the method.The application fuses whole life cycle carbon footprint accounting and carbon preferential emission reduction amount calculation, builds integrated evaluation index with carbon compensation period as core, aims at accurately quantifying the net environmental contribution of project after recovering its own carbon cost.The method can not only provide solid environmental integrity guarantee for carbon preferential assets, but also provide overall data support for low-carbon design and decision of project, fundamentally solve the problem that current environmental benefit evaluation is not complete and not transparent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a method and system for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation. Background Technology

[0002] The rural rooftop photovoltaic development model, implemented on a village-by-village or township-by-town basis, has been rapidly promoted nationwide, becoming an important measure for building a new rural energy system and increasing farmers' income. However, with the large-scale implementation of these projects, how to scientifically and comprehensively assess their true environmental benefits has become a critical issue.

[0003] Currently, there are two inconsistent systems for assessing the environmental benefits of projects. One is the life-cycle carbon footprint accounting, which follows international standards (such as ISO 14067) and aims to comprehensively quantify the total carbon emissions of a project throughout its entire lifecycle, from equipment manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation to disposal—that is, the environmental cost of the project. The other is the carbon credit mechanism serving market transactions, which converts environmental benefits into economic value by calculating the emission reductions resulting from replacing the grid baseline with green electricity generated during the project's operation phase.

[0004] The independent operation of these two systems has led to a one-sided approach to environmental benefit assessment. While the carbon credit mechanism can achieve economic value conversion, it completely ignores the carbon costs incurred during the construction and decommissioning phases of a project. This may obscure potential carbon liability risks in the early stages of a project's lifecycle, failing to demonstrate whether its economic benefits represent genuine, net positive environmental benefits. Furthermore, the full life-cycle carbon footprint accounting focuses solely on quantifying environmental costs, neglecting to link it to emission reduction benefits in market trading scenarios, making it difficult to support the valuation of carbon assets. This blind spot in assessment not only affects the environmental credibility of carbon credit assets but also hinders developers from adopting practical low-carbon optimization measures during project planning and construction, thus restricting the high-quality development of the rural photovoltaic industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation. It integrates full life-cycle carbon footprint accounting and carbon emission reduction accounting, which can accurately quantify the net environmental contribution of distributed photovoltaic projects after the completion of their entire life cycle.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, a method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation is characterized by the following steps:

[0008] S1. Data Acquisition: Collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid metering system;

[0009] S2. Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting: Accounting for the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire life cycle, used to quantify the environmental cost of the project throughout its entire life cycle;

[0010] S3. Carbon Benefit Emission Reduction Calculation: Calculate the project's average annual carbon benefit emission reduction to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period;

[0011] S4. Carbon offset cycle calculation: Calculate the carbon offset cycle and integrate the revenue from green electricity trading with the revenue from carbon inclusion to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions.

[0012] S5. Optimization suggestion output: Generate rural-specific optimization solutions based on the calculation results.

[0013] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the basic data of the project in step S1 includes photovoltaic module type, installation capacity, regional information, carbon credit inclusion period, and material usage, distance, and energy consumption at each stage.

[0014] According to the above-described scheme, the present invention is characterized in that, in step S1, after the data collection is completed, the key data are uploaded to the blockchain for evidence storage, so as to be used for data traceability.

[0015] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle is calculated using the following formula in step S2:

[0016]

[0017] in, The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle. This indicates carbon emissions during the material production stage. This indicates carbon emissions during the goods transportation phase. This indicates carbon emissions during the construction phase. Carbon emissions during the production and operation phase. Carbon emissions during the disposal and recycling phase.

[0018] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the feature is that, in step S3, the project's average annual carbon emission reduction is calculated using the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] in, This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction. This represents the actual electricity generated by the project each year. For regional power grid emission factors, This is a correction for carbon inclusive emission reductions.

[0021] Furthermore, the carbon inclusive emission reduction correction includes corrections for duplicate reporting, power output fluctuations, and green electricity trading overlaps, which are calculated using the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] in, For duplicate reporting corrections, This is the correction amount for power output fluctuations. This is an adjustment for overlapping green electricity transactions.

[0024] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the feature is that, in step S4, a basic value of the carbon compensation period is obtained before calculating the carbon compensation period, and the basic value of the carbon compensation period is calculated using the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] in, This is the baseline value for the carbon offset cycle. The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle. This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction.

[0027] Furthermore, the carbon compensation cycle is obtained by adjusting for carbon price fluctuations based on the baseline value of the carbon compensation cycle. The specific steps are as follows:

[0028] S41. Determine the carbon price fluctuation coefficient for the region. ;

[0029] S42, Based on carbon price volatility coefficient Calculate carbon price fluctuation correction ;

[0030] S43. Determine the fluctuation range of the carbon compensation cycle using the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] in, This is the baseline value for the carbon compensation cycle.

[0033] According to the present invention based on the above scheme, the feature is that, in step S5, the rural-specific optimization scheme includes component selection optimization suggestions, operation and maintenance optimization suggestions, and revenue optimization suggestions.

[0034] On the other hand, a net environmental benefit assessment and accounting system for rural distributed photovoltaic power generation is characterized by comprising:

[0035] Data acquisition module: used to collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid metering;

[0036] Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting module: used to calculate the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire life cycle, and to quantify the environmental cost of a project throughout its entire life cycle;

[0037] Carbon Benefit Emission Reduction Calculation Module: Used to calculate the project's average annual carbon benefit emission reduction, and to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period;

[0038] Carbon offset cycle calculation module: used to calculate the carbon offset cycle and integrate green electricity trading revenue with carbon inclusive revenue to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions;

[0039] Optimization suggestion output module: used to generate rural-specific optimization solutions based on the calculation results.

[0040] According to the above-described solution, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0041] This invention creatively connects the full life-cycle carbon footprint accounting (environmental cost) with the calculation of carbon inclusive emission reductions (environmental benefits), and uses the "carbon compensation cycle" as the core indicator. For the first time, it quantifies the true net environmental contribution of a project after repaying its own implicit carbon emissions, and completely solves the problem of incomplete and opaque assessment caused by the separation of the two existing systems, ensuring the scientific and comprehensive nature of the assessment results.

[0042] This invention systematically deducts the carbon costs throughout the entire life cycle of a project, ensuring that the carbon emission reductions used for market trading represent the true net emission reduction contribution. This significantly enhances the environmental integrity and market credibility of carbon emission reduction assets, lays a solid foundation for the compliant trading of rural photovoltaic carbon assets, and helps to facilitate the market-oriented transformation of rural ecological value.

[0043] This invention decomposes the carbon footprint of each stage of the entire life cycle (production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, and disposal and recycling), clearly revealing the main sources of carbon emissions. It also incorporates rural-specific correction factors (regionalized component correction, road network adaptation, simplified construction techniques, etc.) to make the calculation results more closely reflect the actual scenarios of rural photovoltaic projects. Simultaneously, it provides customized optimization suggestions for different stakeholders such as farmers, developers, and governments, guiding carbon reduction improvements in equipment selection, construction techniques, and operation and maintenance management, thus promoting the upgrading of the rural photovoltaic industry towards a green and low-carbon direction from the source.

[0044] This invention clarifies the operational standards for key aspects such as data collection, accounting processes, and unit conversions, introduces blockchain for evidence storage to ensure data traceability, and adapts to different usage needs through subject-specific report templates. Furthermore, it integrates the quantification of carbon price volatility risk and the consolidation of green electricity trading revenue into the carbon offset cycle calculation, achieving a dual-dimensional assessment of environmental and economic aspects, which better aligns with the actual operation and market trading needs of rural photovoltaic projects. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a framework diagram of the total carbon footprint throughout the entire life cycle in this invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of average annual carbon emission reductions;

[0048] Figure 4 A flowchart for calculating the carbon compensation cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0050] To address the significant deficiencies in environmental benefit assessment caused by the disconnect between the current life-cycle carbon footprint accounting system and the carbon credit mechanism, this invention proposes a method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation. This invention creatively integrates life-cycle carbon footprint accounting with carbon credit emission reduction calculations, constructing a comprehensive evaluation index centered on the carbon compensation cycle. This aims to accurately quantify the net environmental contribution of a project after recovering its own carbon costs. This method not only provides a solid environmental integrity guarantee for carbon credit assets but also offers comprehensive data support for the low-carbon design and decision-making of projects, fundamentally solving the problems of incomplete and opaque current environmental benefit assessments.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the net environmental benefit assessment and accounting method for rural distributed photovoltaic power includes steps such as data collection, full life cycle carbon footprint accounting, carbon inclusive emission reduction accounting, carbon compensation cycle calculation, and optimization suggestion output. It utilizes the connection between the full life cycle carbon footprint and carbon inclusive emission reduction, making the indicator coverage more comprehensive and the settlement process simpler in the photovoltaic environmental assessment process. It can significantly improve the scientific accuracy and operability of the net environmental benefit assessment of rural distributed photovoltaic power, which is in line with the actual needs of the construction of a new rural energy system and the high-quality development of the photovoltaic industry under the dual carbon target.

[0052] 1. Data Collection

[0053] Collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid. The basic project data includes photovoltaic module type, installed capacity, regional information, carbon credit inclusion period, and data on material usage, distance, and energy consumption at each stage.

[0054] The above data comes from predictions and actual measurements during the project's initiation, construction, and use. It is a basic attribute of rural distributed photovoltaic projects and can be directly accessed, making it a convenient source.

[0055] This invention uploads key data to the blockchain for record-keeping after data collection, enabling data traceability. By referencing blockchain data traceability technologies, this invention ensures data complies with digital record-keeping requirements and aligns with the data traceability standards in carbon inclusion verification, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent accounting and verification. The key data here refers to crucial data such as component procurement contracts, power generation metering records, and carbon emission factor sources. This facilitates subsequent data traceability and accounting, and also serves as historical data to provide a reference for subsequent data processing and calculation.

[0056] 2. Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire lifecycle is calculated to quantify the project's environmental costs. The total carbon footprint of a rural distributed photovoltaic project is calculated across five stages: material production, transportation, construction, production and operation, and disposal and recycling. Carbon emission data is calculated for each stage, and the data is integrated to obtain the total carbon footprint throughout the entire lifecycle, thus providing a complete quantification of the project's environmental costs.

[0058] To adapt to the application environment of rural distributed photovoltaic projects, this invention incorporates a unique correction coefficient for rural distributed photovoltaic projects when calculating carbon emission data for each stage, including material production, transportation, construction, production and operation, and disposal and recycling.

[0059] (1) Calculate the carbon emissions during the material production stage and adjust the parameters based on the regional component carbon footprint database.

[0060] (1)

[0061] in, Carbon emissions during the material production stage; Let i be the quantity (quality) of the i-th material. Let be the carbon emission factor for the production of the i-th material; This is a correction factor for regionalized low-carbon components. In this invention, materials include equipment materials such as photovoltaic modules, brackets, and inverters, as well as components such as cables, fixing screws, junction boxes, and combiner boxes. All materials used in the project production phase are included. Since the procurement plans for each material in the project production phase are clear, the carbon emission factor of each material is also determined, thus allowing for an accurate calculation of the carbon emissions during the material production phase.

[0062] (2) Calculate the carbon emissions during the material transportation stage and introduce the rural road network adaptation coefficient to correct the impact of transportation energy consumption.

[0063] (2)

[0064] in, Carbon emissions during the material transportation phase; Let i be the amount of the i-th type of material used; Let be the transportation distance for the i-th type of material; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of cargo transport vehicle; This refers to the rural road network adaptation coefficient. In this invention, the carbon emissions during the transportation of goods need to take into account the carbon emissions of the vehicle throughout the entire transportation process.

[0065] (3) Calculate the carbon emissions during the construction phase and use the correction coefficient of the rural simplified construction process to adapt to the characteristics of rural construction.

[0066] (3)

[0067] in, Carbon emissions during the construction phase; Let j be the amount of the type of construction material used. Let be the equivalent carbon emission factor of the j-th type of construction material; This is a correction factor for rural construction techniques. Let k be the power consumption of the kth type of construction equipment; This refers to regional electricity emission factors. Construction materials here refer to building materials such as cement and sand.

[0068] (4) Calculate the carbon emissions during the production and operation phase and integrate the rural operation and maintenance standardization coefficient to match the operation and maintenance level of farmers.

[0069] (4)

[0070] Among them, E op Carbon emissions during the production and operation phase; Electricity consumption during the production and operation phase; Regional electricity emission factor; This is the standardization coefficient for rural operation and maintenance.

[0071] (5) Calculate the carbon emissions during the disposal and recycling stage, and add the rural recyclable material classification rate correction coefficient to adapt to the rural recycling scenario.

[0072] (5)

[0073] in, Carbon emissions during the disposal and recycling phase; The electricity consumption during the disposal and recycling phase; Regional electricity emission factor; The amount of the lth type of waste; The carbon emission factor for the disposal of the first type of waste; Let m be the amount of the m-th recyclable material; The equivalent emission reduction factor for the m-th recyclable can be obtained using data developed in the carbon emission accounting guidelines; This is a correction coefficient for the rural recyclable waste sorting rate.

[0074] In the above process, the regionalized low-carbon component correction coefficient Rural road network adaptability coefficient Correction coefficient for simple construction techniques in rural areas Rural operation and maintenance standardization coefficient Correction coefficient for rural recyclable waste sorting rate It needs to be determined in advance, which can be based on on-site project research and determined using a linear regression model; or it can be specified in advance (e.g., the value). , , , , (and will be dynamically adjusted and optimized based on subsequent actual evaluation and accounting processes).

[0075] (6) After calculating the carbon emissions at each stage, the results of the five stages are summed up, and the summed results are converted into ton units to finally obtain the total carbon footprint of the entire life cycle, thus fully quantifying the environmental cost of the project throughout its entire life cycle.

[0076] The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle is calculated using the following formula:

[0077] (6)

[0078] in, The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e), referring to the total carbon emissions of a photovoltaic project throughout its entire life cycle, from material production to disposal and recycling. This indicates carbon emissions during the material production stage, namely the carbon emissions generated by equipment and materials such as photovoltaic modules, brackets, and inverters during the production process, with the unit being kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). This indicates carbon emissions during the material transportation phase, specifically the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of equipment and materials from the production site to the project site, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). This refers to carbon emissions during the construction phase, specifically the carbon emissions generated during the construction of a photovoltaic power station. It consists of two parts: carbon emissions from construction materials and carbon emissions from construction machinery. The unit is kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). Carbon emissions during the production and operation phase refer to the carbon emissions generated during the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). Carbon emissions during the disposal and recycling phase refer to the carbon emissions generated during the dismantling, transportation, disposal, and recycling of photovoltaic equipment, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e).

[0079] The present invention also provides reference data for each correction factor, as shown in the table below:

[0080] Correction coefficient value range Regional / Scene Adaptation Standards [k1 (regional low carbon component)] 0.9-1.1 For component factories ≤ 50km from the project, use 0.9-0.95; for inter-provincial transportation, use 1.05-1.1. [k2 (rural road network adaptation)] 1.0-1.3 For paved roads in plains, use 1.0-1.1; for dirt roads in mountainous areas, use 1.2-1.3. <![CDATA[k3 (Simple construction process)]]> 0.85-1.1 For manual installation, use 0.85-0.9; for mechanical installation, use 1.0-1.1. <![CDATA[k4 (Operation and Maintenance Normativeness)]]> 0.95-1.05 Professional team maintenance costs 0.95-1.0 per quarter; farmer-managed maintenance costs 1.0-1.05 per quarter. <![CDATA[k5 (Recyclable waste classification rate)]]> 0.7-0.95 For villages with a classification rate ≥ 80%, use 0.9-0.95; for a classification rate ≤ 50%, use 0.7-0.8.

[0081] Based on this preset value, dynamic adjustments will be made: during subsequent use, data calibration will be performed every 2-3 years, that is, actual data collected during the project's use will be processed by linear regression to obtain the calibration results of each coefficient, so as to minimize coefficient errors as much as possible.

[0082] 3. Calculation of carbon inclusive emission reductions

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown, in the process of calculating the baseline emission reduction, multiple data points are calculated repeatedly and need to be verified and deducted. Therefore, this invention first calculates the baseline emission reduction and then deducts the relevant corrections to obtain a more accurate annual carbon emission reduction calculation result.

[0084] (1) Calculate the baseline emission reduction.

[0085] The baseline emission reduction is calculated by multiplying the average annual power generation by the regional power grid emission factor, where the regional power grid emission factor adopts the China Regional Power Grid Baseline Emission Factor published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

[0086] The baseline emission reduction can be calculated using the following two formulas:

[0087] (7)

[0088] (8)

[0089] in, This represents the average annual power generation, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kWh). The regional power grid emission factor refers to the carbon dioxide equivalent generated by the power grid in the project area for every 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity generated, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (kgCO2e / kWh). Through and Obtained by weighted calculation The marginal regional power grid emission factor. The weighted proportion of the power grid emission factor in the marginal area of ​​electricity generation. For capacity marginal area grid emission factors, The weighted proportions of the regional power grid emission factors at the capacity margin should be determined according to the values ​​of the "China Regional Power Grid Baseline Emission Factors" published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

[0090] In this invention, , This ratio can fully characterize the importance ratio of the regional grid emission factor at the power margin and the regional grid emission factor at the capacity margin in the regional grid emission factor, and thus can be used to calculate a relatively accurate annual average power generation.

[0091] (2) Complete the calculation of the correction amount

[0092] The carbon inclusive emission reduction correction includes corrections for duplicate reporting, power output fluctuations, and overlapping green electricity trading.

[0093] (2.1) Correction amount for duplicate declarations

[0094] To avoid duplicate measurement of carbon credit assets and to meet the requirement of unique certification, it is necessary to calculate the correction amount for duplicate declarations. This is done by checking whether the project has applied for green certificates or CCERs, extracting the overlapping electricity amount, and multiplying it by the regional power grid emission factor, as shown in the following formula.

[0095] (9)

[0096] in, The amount to be corrected for duplicate applications is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); the overlapping electricity is the electricity for which the project has already applied for green certificates or CCERs. For regional power grid emission factors.

[0097] (2.2) Output fluctuation correction amount

[0098] The output fluctuation correction is based on the seasonal differences in sunlight in rural photovoltaic systems. It is calculated by multiplying the baseline emission reduction by the output fluctuation coefficient, thus reflecting the actual output characteristics of rural photovoltaic systems.

[0099] (10)

[0100] in, This is the output fluctuation correction amount, ensuring that the emission reduction matches the actual output of the project, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); λ is the output fluctuation coefficient. In the preferred embodiment, The calculation method is as follows:

[0101] (11)

[0102] This formula can be used to calculate the power output fluctuation coefficient within a certain area.

[0103] (2.3) Green electricity trading overlap adjustment amount

[0104] (12)

[0105] in, The amount is adjusted to avoid overlap between green electricity trading revenue and carbon emission reduction benefits. The unit is kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). This represents the average annual volume of green electricity transactions; For regional power grid emission factors.

[0106] (2.4) Statistics of correction amount

[0107] The carbon inclusion emission reduction correction includes corrections for duplicate reporting, power output fluctuations, and green electricity trading overlaps. These three corrections are deducted sequentially from the baseline emission reduction, and the result is then divided by 1000 to convert from kilogram to ton units, ultimately yielding the annual average carbon inclusion emission reduction, thus accurately quantifying the environmental benefits during the project's operation. It is calculated using the following formula:

[0108] (13)

[0109] in, This is the carbon inclusive emission reduction correction amount, used to characterize the amount of repeated calculations in the carbon inclusive emission reduction calculation process, and the unit is kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e); To correct for duplicate reporting, if a project has also reported other carbon assets such as green certificates and CCERs, these must be deducted to avoid double counting of emission reductions. This is a correction amount for output fluctuations; This is an adjustment for overlapping green electricity transactions.

[0110] (3) Calculate the average annual carbon emission reduction of the project to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period.

[0111] The project's average annual carbon emission reduction is calculated using the following formula:

[0112] (14)

[0113] in, This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e). This refers to the actual amount of electricity generated by the project each year. For regional power grid emission factors, This is a correction for carbon inclusive emission reductions.

[0114] 4. Calculation of carbon compensation cycle

[0115] like Figure 4As shown, the carbon offset cycle is calculated, and the revenue from green electricity trading is integrated with the revenue from carbon inclusion to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions.

[0116] (1) Obtaining the basic value of the carbon compensation cycle

[0117] In this invention, a baseline value for the carbon offset cycle is obtained before calculating the carbon offset cycle. The theoretical cycle is obtained by dividing the total life-cycle carbon footprint by the corrected annual average carbon emission reduction. This cycle directly characterizes the time required for the project to recover its carbon costs. The baseline value for the carbon offset cycle is calculated using the following formula:

[0118] (15)

[0119] in, This is the baseline value for the carbon offset cycle, expressed in years. The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle; This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction.

[0120] (2) The carbon compensation cycle is obtained by correcting the carbon price fluctuation based on the basic value of the carbon compensation cycle.

[0121] Because carbon prices are volatile, this invention needs to consider carbon price fluctuations and, consequently, the fluctuation range of the carbon compensation cycle to obtain more accurate calculation results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0122] (2.1) Determine the carbon price fluctuation coefficient of the region .

[0123] Carbon price volatility coefficient This reflects the volatility (risk level) of carbon prices over a certain period and is suitable for the long-term operational characteristics of rural distributed photovoltaic projects. Carbon price volatility coefficient. It can be obtained from experience or calculated based on the fluctuations of the domestic carbon market over the years.

[0124] 1) Determine the data source and statistical period

[0125] Data sources are determined by using national carbon market (ETS) trading data, supplemented by historical data from local pilot carbon markets, and represented by closing prices, or by weekly average closing prices, to avoid interference from abnormal daily fluctuations.

[0126] Determining the statistical period: Since the carbon credit inclusion period for rural photovoltaic projects is typically longer than 10 years, a statistical period of 5-10 years is chosen. This reflects long-term fluctuation patterns while excluding extreme values ​​caused by short-term policy shocks.

[0127] 2) Calculate the annual relative fluctuation range

[0128] Annual relative volatility = (Difference between current year's price and previous year's price) ÷ (Previous year's price) × 100%

[0129] The annual relative fluctuation range reflects the percentage increase or decrease in carbon prices each year relative to the previous year; a positive number indicates an increase, and a negative number indicates a decrease.

[0130] 3) Remove extreme values

[0131] The carbon market may experience abnormal fluctuations due to sudden policy changes, extreme weather, etc. Therefore, this invention removes extreme values ​​to avoid interference from abnormal data. In this invention, data exceeding ±2 standard deviations are selected as extreme values ​​for removal.

[0132] 4) Determine the range of carbon price fluctuation coefficient

[0133] Through statistical analysis, the range of carbon price fluctuation coefficients is determined by taking (median of fluctuation range - reasonable range, median of fluctuation range + reasonable range) or (minimum value, maximum value), thus obtaining a conservative range suitable for rural photovoltaic projects.

[0134] In this process, the carbon price volatility coefficient can be taken as an integer value, and if a decimal is encountered, the value is rounded to the nearest integer. Because the benefit assessment of rural photovoltaic projects requires more conservative and robust data, the lower limit of the carbon price volatility coefficient is slightly adjusted downwards and the upper limit is slightly adjusted upwards when a decimal is encountered. For example, if the historical minimum volatility is 9.9%, it will be adjusted to 9%.

[0135] In another case, the carbon price volatility coefficient Based on experience, the range is determined to be 5%-10%.

[0136] (2.2) Based on carbon price volatility coefficient Calculate carbon price fluctuation correction .

[0137] (16)

[0138] in, This is a correction for carbon price fluctuations. This is the baseline value for the carbon offset cycle. This is the carbon price volatility coefficient.

[0139] (2.3) Determine the fluctuation range of the carbon compensation cycle. The upper limit is the base value plus the correction amount, and the lower limit is the base value minus the correction amount, thereby quantifying the risk. The carbon compensation cycle is determined using the following formula. Fluctuation range:

[0140] (17)

[0141] in, This is the baseline value for the carbon offset cycle; This is a correction for carbon price fluctuations. The minimum carbon offset cycle refers to the shortest time to recover one's own carbon costs when the carbon price is highest and the project's carbon reduction efficiency is optimal. It is used to characterize the optimal level of environmental benefits and the earliest start time of net environmental contribution. The maximum carbon offset period refers to the longest time it takes to recover its own carbon costs when the carbon price is at its lowest and the project's carbon reduction efficiency is affected. It is used to characterize the worst-case scenario for environmental benefits and the latest start time for net environmental contribution.

[0142] (3) Integrating dual-dimensional benefits

[0143] (3.1) Calculate carbon inclusive benefits

[0144] Carbon benefit revenue is used to characterize the net benefit obtained from carbon benefit emission reductions. Since carbon benefit revenue is directly linked to carbon prices, the following formula is used to calculate carbon benefit revenue, taking carbon price fluctuations into account, and the data is more representative:

[0145] (18)

[0146] in, For carbon inclusive benefits; This is a carbon price correction value, which utilizes the carbon price. Multiply by carbon price volatility coefficient get; This represents the carbon offsetting cycle. Based on this formula, the fluctuation range of carbon inclusive benefits can be obtained. , This represents the minimum benefit from carbon inclusion. This represents the maximum benefit from carbon inclusion.

[0147] (3.2) Calculate the revenue from green electricity trading

[0148] Green electricity trading revenue is used to characterize the economic benefits derived from hotel transactions, and it is calculated using the following formula:

[0149] (19)

[0150] in, For revenue from green electricity trading; This represents the average annual volume of green electricity transactions; The premium for green electricity can be obtained from local power trading platforms or government-guided prices; The carbon inclusion period is in years.

[0151] (3.3) Calculate the comprehensive income

[0152] By integrating the carbon credit benefits and green electricity trading benefits, the complete economic benefits of this rural distributed photovoltaic project under the carbon credit accounting are obtained, which can be calculated using the following formula:

[0153] P= (20)

[0154] Where P represents the overall return. For carbon inclusive benefits; For revenue from green electricity trading.

[0155] By integrating the revenue from green electricity trading with carbon credit benefits through the above process, a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions is formed, extending the economic value of environmental benefits.

[0156] (4) Data output

[0157] Based on the above calculation process, the final data obtained includes the fluctuation range of the carbon compensation cycle, the comprehensive economic benefits, the impact of carbon price fluctuations on the benefits (benefit end value), and the impact of carbon price fluctuations on the carbon compensation cycle (carbon compensation cycle end value), etc., and these data are used for targeted analysis.

[0158] 5. Optimize output suggestions

[0159] Based on the calculation results (including the obtained carbon offset period range, benefit information, etc.), a rural-specific optimization plan is generated, and customized reports are provided for farmers, developers, and the government. In this invention, the rural-specific optimization plan includes component selection optimization suggestions, operation and maintenance optimization suggestions, and benefit optimization suggestions.

[0160] (1) Optimization plan specifically for rural areas

[0161] (1.1) Component selection

[0162] Low-carbon solar panels are recommended for use in rural areas to shorten the carbon offset cycle. In this process, it's crucial to define the criteria for low-carbon panels. Locally, this can be pre-determined based on regional characteristics; for example, panels with a carbon footprint ≤ 600 kgCO2e / W can be defined as low-carbon panels. If the original panels have a high carbon footprint, it's advisable to replace them with low-carbon panels produced by nearby factories, considering the total carbon footprint over their entire lifecycle. This can effectively reduce carbon emissions and shorten the carbon offset cycle.

[0163] (1.2) Operation and maintenance aspects

[0164] Output a customized maintenance calendar, marking areas with heavy rainfall for increased cleaning frequency and areas with low rainfall for regular cleaning cycles. The frequency of cleaning can be increased after unforeseen disasters (such as sandstorms).

[0165] (1.3) In terms of revenue

[0166] It provides recommendations on the optimal participation ratio in green electricity trading, and also suggests measures to mitigate the risks of carbon price fluctuations. For example, if calculations indicate that 20% of annual electricity generation is expected to participate in green electricity trading, the system can provide profit optimization tips for this scenario.

[0167] (2) Provide exclusive reports for farmers, developers and governments.

[0168] These recommendations were embedded into the farmer version, developer version, and government version of the report respectively, to adapt to the needs of different stakeholders and improve the implementation and practicality of the methods.

[0169] For farmers installing solar power, a farmer-specific report is generated, which clearly presents the carbon offset cycle (to indicate the economic benefits that can be realized after the carbon offset cycle), annual income increases, maintenance tips, etc. For solar power project developers, a developer-specific report is generated, which details the calculation and correction process, clearly points out relevant data, and provides assessment advice from a professional perspective. For local governments and energy departments, a summary report is generated, which lists the overall situation of the region, overall policy recommendations, etc., which is conducive to the overall control of government departments and energy departments.

[0170] In addition, the present invention also provides a net environmental benefit assessment and accounting system for rural distributed photovoltaic power generation, comprising:

[0171] Data acquisition module: used to collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid metering;

[0172] Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting module: used to calculate the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire life cycle, and to quantify the environmental cost of a project throughout its entire life cycle;

[0173] Carbon Benefit Emission Reduction Calculation Module: Used to calculate the project's average annual carbon benefit emission reduction, and to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period;

[0174] Carbon offset cycle calculation module: used to calculate the carbon offset cycle and integrate green electricity trading revenue with carbon inclusive revenue to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions;

[0175] Optimization suggestion output module: used to generate rural-specific optimization solutions based on the calculation results.

[0176] This invention targets the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, integrating full life-cycle carbon footprint accounting and carbon emission reduction accounting to assess and calculate the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic projects. This invention has the following advantages:

[0177] First, this invention systematically links and offsets the full life-cycle carbon footprint (environmental cost) with carbon offset emission reductions (environmental benefits), and uses the "carbon offset cycle" as the core indicator. For the first time, it can quantify the true and net environmental contribution of a project after repaying its own implicit carbon emissions. This fundamentally solves the problems of assessment blind spots and one-sidedness caused by the separation of the two existing systems, ensuring the scientific nature and completeness of the assessment results.

[0178] Secondly, this invention provides a crucial environmental integrity guarantee for the carbon credit market. By deducting the carbon costs throughout the project's entire lifecycle, this method ensures that the carbon credit emission reductions ultimately used for market trading represent a genuine net emission reduction contribution, thereby significantly enhancing the environmental credibility and market reputation of carbon credit assets. This helps build a more solid and transparent foundation for a voluntary emission reduction market and activates channels for realizing the ecological value of rural photovoltaics.

[0179] Third, this invention provides precise data support and decision-making guidance for low-carbon optimization throughout the entire lifecycle of a project. This method not only provides the final net benefit conclusion but also clearly reveals the main sources of carbon emissions by breaking down the carbon footprint at each stage (such as production and construction). This can guide developers, manufacturers, and policymakers to take targeted carbon reduction measures in equipment selection, construction processes, and recycling, thus promoting the development of the rural photovoltaic industry towards a greener and higher-quality direction from the source.

[0180] It should be understood that the above embodiments enable those skilled in the art to repeat the operations based on this implementation method, fully disclose technical details, and meet the requirements of sufficient disclosure and feasibility in carbon inclusion-related verification specifications. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

[0181] The present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition: Collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid metering system; S2. Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting: Accounting for the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire life cycle, used to quantify the environmental cost of the project throughout its entire life cycle; S3. Carbon Benefit Emission Reduction Calculation: Calculate the project's average annual carbon benefit emission reduction to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period; S4. Carbon offset cycle calculation: Calculate the carbon offset cycle and integrate the revenue from green electricity trading with the revenue from carbon inclusion to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions. S5. Optimization suggestion output: Generate rural-specific optimization solutions based on the calculation results.

2. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the basic project data includes photovoltaic module type, installation capacity, regional information, carbon credit inclusion period, and material usage, distance, and energy consumption at each stage.

3. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, after the data collection is completed, all key data are uploaded to the blockchain for evidence storage and for data traceability.

4. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the total life-cycle carbon footprint is calculated using the following formula: ； in, The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle, This indicates carbon emissions during the material production stage. This indicates carbon emissions during the goods transportation phase. This indicates carbon emissions during the construction phase. Carbon emissions during the production and operation phase. Carbon emissions during the disposal and recycling phase.

5. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the project's average annual carbon emission reduction is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction. This represents the actual electricity generated by the project each year. For regional power grid emission factors, This is a correction for carbon inclusive emission reductions.

6. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carbon inclusive emission reduction correction includes corrections for duplicate reporting, power output fluctuations, and green electricity trading overlaps, which are calculated using the following formula: ； in, For duplicate reporting corrections, This is the correction amount for power output fluctuations. This is an adjustment for overlapping green electricity transactions.

7. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the basic value of the carbon compensation period is obtained before calculating the carbon compensation period. The basic value of the carbon compensation period is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This is the baseline value for the carbon offset cycle. The total carbon footprint over the entire life cycle, This represents the average annual carbon emission reduction.

8. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The carbon compensation cycle is obtained by correcting for carbon price fluctuations based on the baseline value of the carbon compensation cycle. The specific steps are as follows: S41. Determine the carbon price fluctuation coefficient for the region. ; S42, Based on carbon price volatility coefficient Calculate carbon price fluctuation correction ; S43. Determine the fluctuation range of the carbon compensation cycle using the following formula: ； in, This is the baseline value for the carbon compensation cycle.

9. The method for assessing and calculating the net environmental benefits of rural distributed photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the rural-specific optimization plan includes suggestions for component selection optimization, operation and maintenance optimization, and revenue optimization.

10. A net environmental benefit assessment and accounting system for rural distributed photovoltaic power generation, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition module: used to collect basic project data and power generation data from the power grid metering; Full life cycle carbon footprint accounting module: used to calculate the total carbon footprint of a project throughout its entire life cycle, and to quantify the environmental cost of a project throughout its entire life cycle; Carbon Benefit Emission Reduction Calculation Module: Used to calculate the project's average annual carbon benefit emission reduction, and to characterize the environmental benefits during the project's operation period; Carbon offset cycle calculation module: used to calculate the carbon offset cycle and integrate green electricity trading revenue with carbon inclusive revenue to form a revenue assessment result with both environmental and economic dimensions; Optimization suggestion output module: used to generate rural-specific optimization solutions based on the calculation results.

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