A communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system

Abstract

The application discloses a communication architecture method of a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and relates to the technical field of new energy power system communication.The application analyzes the communication architecture of a target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, judges whether the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system needs to be updated, determines the communication architecture level, analyzes the installation positions of each ECU in the photovoltaic array and the communication connection modes among the ECUs, the micro inverters and the EMS, optimizes the photovoltaic side communication link, analyzes the communication mode between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS, finally configures the industrial communication management machine for the EMS, and analyzes the function of the industrial communication management machine.The application greatly reduces the cost of the photovoltaic array through ZigBee wireless communication, reduces the communication packet loss rate, guarantees the anti-interference capability of the photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and reduces the protocol conversion delay.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology for new energy power systems, and specifically to a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of distributed photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage technologies has driven the widespread adoption of small- and medium-sized hybrid systems in industrial and commercial parks, residential communities, and agricultural greenhouses. These systems typically include PV arrays, energy storage cabinets, energy management systems, and grid dispatch interfaces. Their communication architecture must meet the following requirements: real-time performance (PV output and energy storage charging / discharging commands must respond within milliseconds); reliability (resistant to electromagnetic interference in outdoor environments); and compatibility (supporting multi-vendor equipment protocols and grid dispatch standards). Therefore, this application proposes a communication architecture method for a PV-energy storage hybrid system.

[0003] Existing technology, such as the invention application patent with announcement number CN120434265A, discloses a method for integrated communication of differentiated resources in power distribution areas based on intelligent fusion terminals, including the following steps: S1: Establishing a three-dimensional resource description model including equipment type, communication protocol, and data characteristics, and uniformly modeling photovoltaic inverters, energy storage devices, and smart meters; S2: Dynamically calculating communication priority weights based on real-time equipment status and grid operation requirements; S3: Selecting the optimal communication channel through a hybrid decision model; S4: Implementing seamless protocol interaction using an AST-driven architecture, including a syntax parsing layer and a semantic conversion layer. This method achieves deep coupling between communication technology and power system control, realizing a paradigm shift from "passive adaptation" to "active optimization" through three major technological breakthroughs. First, it enhances multi-dimensional collaborative communication capabilities by introducing a dynamic priority mechanism and constructing a three-dimensional weight model based on equipment type, grid status, and business requirements to achieve precise allocation of communication resources.

[0004] Existing technology, such as the invention application patent with announcement number CN107124465A, discloses an architecture method for a distributed photovoltaic remote data acquisition system for large-scale access. This method includes the architecture steps of a local acquisition terminal, transmission rules, and an acquisition server. The acquisition server has a fixed IP address, and the local acquisition terminal communicates with the acquisition server by configuring transmission rules. The transmission rules adopt a Webservice-based transmission method, and normal data upload, supplementary data transmission, and time synchronization services are completed by configuring transmission parameters. This invention's method can support the access of over a thousand distributed photovoltaic power stations and millions of measurement points, comprehensively covering photovoltaic power station access in a province or city. The system's real-time data transmission interval can be set as needed. The data acquisition system provided by this method can provide the regional power grid with real-time data acquisition services for all photovoltaic power stations in the region, supporting subsequent analysis and evaluation data. This facilitates the power grid's comprehensive understanding of the operating characteristics of the connected photovoltaic power stations, optimizes power grid planning and design, and improves the power grid's capacity to absorb new energy.

[0005] The above solutions have the following technical problems: 1. Current technologies mostly use RS485 wired communication on the photovoltaic side of the communication architecture, which has high wiring costs and is prone to communication congestion when there are many micro-inverters; while current wireless solutions have problems with weak wall penetration and short transmission distance.

[0006] 1. Current technologies mostly use proprietary protocols on the energy storage side. When interfacing with EMS, custom development is required, resulting in poor compatibility.

[0007] 2. When performing protocol conversion, most EMS systems only support a single communication protocol, thus lacking a standardized interface with the power grid dispatching system. Current technology solves this problem by deploying an additional third-party gateway, but this also increases the complexity of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, which solves the problems existing in the background technology.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solution: This application provides a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, including: Step 1, system architecture layered design: analyze the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and then determine whether to update the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, thereby updating the communication architecture.

[0010] Step 2, Optimization of photovoltaic-side communication links: Analyze the installation location of each ECU in the photovoltaic array, and analyze the communication connection between the ECU and the micro-inverter and EMS.

[0011] Step 3: Design of communication link on the energy storage side: Analyze the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS.

[0012] Step 4: Protocol Conversion and Power Grid Connection Analysis: Configure an industrial-grade communication management unit for the EMS and analyze its functionality.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. This application provides a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system. By analyzing the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, it determines whether to update the communication architecture, thereby determining the communication architecture hierarchy. It then analyzes the installation location of each ECU in the photovoltaic array, as well as the communication connection methods between the ECU, micro-inverter, and EMS. Based on this, it optimizes the photovoltaic-side communication link. Simultaneously, it analyzes the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS, and finally configures an industrial-grade communication management unit for the EMS and analyzes the functionality of the industrial-grade communication management unit. This application significantly reduces the cost of photovoltaic arrays, lowers the communication packet loss rate, ensures the anti-interference capability of the photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and reduces protocol conversion latency through ZigBee wireless communication.

[0014] 2. This application greatly reduces the wiring cost of photovoltaic arrays through ZigBee wireless communication, while ensuring that ECU partition management is compatible with system scales of 50kW-5MW, ensuring communication while reducing energy consumption; at the same time, the dynamic channel selection makes the communication packet loss rate greater than 0.1%, which is much better than the 5% packet loss rate of traditional channels, greatly improving the anti-interference capability of the channel, and the use of optical fiber for transmission also avoids the problem of electromagnetic interference.

[0015] 3. This application meets the requirements of telemetry, telesignaling, remote control and remote adjustment of power grid dispatching through the IEC61850 / IEC104 protocol, and supports micro inverters from 10+ brands, ensuring the compatibility and grid-friendly nature of the communication architecture, which is conducive to the long-term development of the new energy power industry. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in implementing the method described in this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a communication architecture system. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, including the following steps: Step 1, System architecture layered design: Analyze the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and then determine whether to update the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, thereby updating the communication architecture.

[0020] In a specific example, the analysis of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, and the determination of whether to update the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, is carried out as follows: the transmission distance of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system is obtained from the data management center, and the transmission distance of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system is compared with the expected communication distance of the updated communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system.

[0021] Obtain the number of protocols supported by the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system from the data management center, and compare the number of protocols supported by the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system with the expected number of protocols supported by the updated communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system.

[0022] If the expected communication distance or number of protocols of the updated target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system's communication architecture is greater than the current target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system's communication architecture, then the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage device will be updated; otherwise, the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage device will not be updated.

[0023] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in a specific example, the communication architecture is updated, and the specific update scheme is as follows: The communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system is designed in a hierarchical manner according to the perception layer-aggregation layer-management layer, wherein the perception layer includes micro photovoltaic inverters and local controllers of energy storage cabinets, which are used to collect equipment operation data.

[0024] It should be noted that the device operating data includes voltage, current, and SOC, etc.

[0025] Meanwhile, energy communicators are deployed in the aggregation layer to enable data aggregation and protocol conversion in the sensing layer.

[0026] Finally, an EMS and a communication management unit are deployed to enable equipment monitoring, command issuance, and power grid protocol conversion via the communication management unit.

[0027] It should be noted that, for example, in a certain communication architecture, for a photovoltaic array: 150 3.2kW microinverters are configured, divided into 5 areas, with 1 ECU deployed in each area. The ECU model is ECU-R, supporting ZigBee Mesh + fiber optic interface. For energy storage cabinets: 2 200kWh lithium battery energy storage cabinets are configured, with a local controller built into the energy storage cabinet to support Modbus-TCP communication. For EMS: an EMS server and a communication management unit are configured to support multi-protocol conversion. The above configuration is only an example and is not the only limitation.

[0028] Step 2, Optimization of photovoltaic-side communication links: Analyze the installation location of each ECU in the photovoltaic array, and analyze the communication connection between the ECU and the micro-inverter and EMS.

[0029] In a specific example, an ECU is installed in the photovoltaic array, and the communication connection between the ECU, the micro-inverter, and the EMS is analyzed. The specific analysis process is as follows: First, the theoretical maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is obtained from the data management center. Then, the location of each target device that the ECU needs to collect in the photovoltaic array is determined, and then the distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array is obtained.

[0030] The maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is compared with the distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array. If one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is greater than or equal to the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array, then one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is used as the installation distance, and each ECU is installed in the photovoltaic array. Conversely, if one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is less than the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array, then the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array is used as the installation distance, and each ECU is installed in the photovoltaic array.

[0031] It should be noted that when the installation distance is less than 100 meters, the ECU should be installed according to the installation distance; when the installation distance is greater than 100 meters, the installation distance should be updated to 100 meters.

[0032] In a specific example, the process of determining the communication connection method between the ECU, the micro photovoltaic inverter, and the EMS is as follows: For the communication connection between the ECU and the micro photovoltaic inverter, the number of micro photovoltaic inverters in the sensing layer is first counted. When the number of micro photovoltaic inverters is greater than a preset threshold, wireless communication is used between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU; otherwise, wired communication is used. When wireless communication is used between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU, the communication connection between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU is achieved through ZigBee wireless communication. At the same time, the wireless communication distance is extended through the built-in ZigBee gateway in the ECU.

[0033] For the communication connection between the ECU and EMS, optical fiber is used as the physical transmission medium, and Modbus-TCP is used as the communication protocol between the ECU and EMS to realize the communication connection between the ECU and EMS.

[0034] In a specific example, the communication connection between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU is achieved through ZigBee wireless communication. The specific communication process is as follows: the ZigBee device scans each channel according to a preset period to obtain the RSSI value and channel occupancy rate of each channel. The RSSI value and channel occupancy rate of each channel are then fed into a pre-trained channel evaluation model. The channel characteristic value of each channel is output through the expression of the channel evaluation model. The channel with the largest channel characteristic value is then recorded as the optimal communication channel of the ZigBee device.

[0035] It should be noted that the expression for the channel evaluation model is as follows: ,in The values ​​represent channel characteristics, R and T represent the channel RSSI value and channel occupancy rate, and a and b represent the set RSSI threshold and channel occupancy rate threshold. The RSSI threshold and channel occupancy rate threshold are set by the relevant personnel, for example, the RSSI threshold is set to 70dBm and the channel occupancy rate threshold is set to 65%.

[0036] It should be noted that the preset period was obtained by consulting the technical documentation of the ZigBee device.

[0037] The coordinator broadcasts the Mgmt_NWK_Update_req message to each router node. Upon receiving the message, each router node switches the communication channel of the current ZigBee device to the optimal communication channel and updates the communication channel of the ZigBee device at each preset period.

[0038] It should be noted that the Mgmt_NWK_Update_req information includes the channel value of the optimal communication channel and the update identifier nwkUpdateId, etc.

[0039] In a specific example, the communication connection between the ECU and EMS is realized by using optical fiber as the physical transmission medium and Modbus-TCP as the communication protocol between the ECU and EMS. The specific communication process is as follows: an Ethernet interface and an optical module are configured on the ECU side, and an optical fiber transceiver is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals to realize the connection with the optical fiber link.

[0040] The EMS server is deployed in the control room and connected to the fiber optic link through the core switch. It also supports Modbus-TCP client functionality, which can actively poll ECU data and receive push data.

[0041] Meanwhile, the optical fiber is laid through a cable tray, with pigtails spliced ​​at both ends and connected to the optical module.

[0042] It should be noted that, for example, when the ECU uploads the total power of the subarray to the EMS, the ECU first collects the aggregated data from the micro-inverter through its internal logic, then calculates the total power of the subarray and stores it in Modbus address 0x0001. At the same time, the EMS, as a Modbus-TCP client, sends a read command to the ECU. The read command includes the function code, starting address, and number of registers. The read command is transmitted to the ECU through a fiber optic link. After receiving the command, the ECU parses it and returns the power data at address 0x0001 to the EMS. After receiving the data, the EMS updates the monitoring interface. The entire communication process has a delay of ≤50ms, which greatly improves the communication speed between the ECU and the EMS.

[0043] It should be noted that the Ethernet port needs to support TCP and IP, and the optical module includes an SFP and a slot.

[0044] Step 3: Design of communication link on the energy storage side: Analyze the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS.

[0045] The analysis of the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS is as follows: The industrial storage cabinet has a built-in Modbus-TCP interface and communicates with the EMS through a network cable and a switch. At the same time, the communication process supports the transmission of charging and discharging control commands, power adjustment commands and status query commands.

[0046] It should be noted that the communication data between the industrial storage cabinet and the switch includes individual battery cell voltage, SOC, and charging / discharging power.

[0047] It should be noted that the priority of charge / discharge control commands, power adjustment commands, and status query commands is as follows: charge / discharge control commands > power adjustment commands > status query commands.

[0048] Step 4: Protocol Conversion and Power Grid Connection Analysis: Configure an industrial-grade communication management unit for the EMS and analyze its functionality.

[0049] In a specific example, the process of configuring an industrial-grade communication management machine for EMS and analyzing its functionality is as follows: The industrial-grade communication management machine configured for EMS integrates protocol conversion, data security management, and edge computing functions. The protocol conversion function maps Modbus-TCP data to IEC61850 models or IEC104 remote signaling frames.

[0050] It should be noted that in the IEC61850 model, Logical Node LN0="MMXU" represents a measurement unit, and LN1="BATR" represents a battery unit, etc.

[0051] The data security feature indicates that the upstream data is encrypted using the AES-128 encryption algorithm, and digital certificate authentication is also supported.

[0052] Edge computing means preprocessing abnormal data locally, thereby reducing the computing load on the EMS.

[0053] It should be noted that preprocessing abnormal data means removing inverter fault data, etc. The specific operation method for removing inverter fault data is existing technology, so it will not be described in detail.

[0054] In a specific example, the edge computing function refers to the local preprocessing of abnormal data, thereby reducing the load on the EMS instance. The specific process is as follows: First, the raw data from the front-end device is received through the hardware interface of the communication management machine and stored in the local cache. A millisecond-level timestamp, a unique device identifier, and a data type tag are added to each raw data. At the same time, the raw data for a preset duration is retained.

[0055] The edge computing module performs a real-time scan of the cache to determine whether each piece of raw data meets the corresponding operating rule threshold. When a piece of raw data triggers the corresponding operating rule threshold, the raw data is recorded as abnormal data. Based on this, each abnormal data is obtained, and then each abnormal data is cleaned and classified.

[0056] It should be noted that the operating rule thresholds are set by the relevant personnel themselves. For example, the upper limit of the static voltage threshold of a certain inverter is set to 800V and the lower limit is set to 200V; the power drop threshold of a certain component is set to 20% of the average power of the same string, etc. No specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0057] Finally, the classified anomalies are transmitted to the management team, who then execute the corresponding management decisions.

[0058] It should be noted that the hardware interfaces of the communication management unit include serial ports, network ports, and wireless modules.

[0059] It should be noted that the local cache includes in-memory databases and circular caches, etc.

[0060] It should be noted that the device is uniquely identified, such as an inverter ID or sensor number, and the data type is labeled, such as voltage, temperature, and status word.

[0061] It should be noted that abnormal data can be categorized into alarm levels, warning levels, and alert levels. For example, when the temperature of a device is too high, an alarm will be issued for that device; when the power consumption of a device exceeds the threshold by 10%, a warning will be issued for that device; when the signal of a device continues to decrease, an alert will be issued for that device, etc. The above are only illustrative examples, and the specific levels shall be set by the relevant personnel.

[0062] It should be noted that, for example, in a certain communication architecture, the inverter collects data once every 100ms and uploads it to the ECU via ZigBee. After the ECU summarizes the data, it sends it to the communication management unit via Modbus-TCP / fiber optic cable. After being converted into the IEC61850 / IEC104 protocol, it is uploaded to the EMS. The upload cycle is 1 second. The energy storage cabinet LCU uploads data such as SOC and power every 500ms. The EMS can issue charging and discharging commands according to the operation strategy, with a command response time of ≤300ms. At the same time, the EMS uses the IEC104 communication protocol to upload photovoltaic and energy storage related data to the park's power distribution network dispatch center.

[0063] It should also be noted that the ECU housing adopts an IP67 waterproof and dustproof design, with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 70℃; the ZigBee antenna integrates circular polarization technology, thereby reducing signal reflection interference from the greenhouse's metal supports, and its communication stability can be improved to 99.9%. The communication management unit includes data interfaces for weather stations and smart meters, thereby accessing data such as light intensity, temperature and humidity, and gate power, thus assisting the EMS in optimizing charging and discharging strategies.

[0064] This application provides a communication architecture method for a photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy storage system. By analyzing the communication architecture of the target PV hybrid system, it determines whether to update the communication architecture, thereby establishing the communication architecture hierarchy. It then analyzes the installation location of each ECU in the PV array, as well as the communication connection methods between the ECUs, micro-inverters, and EMS. Based on this, it optimizes the PV-side communication link. Simultaneously, it analyzes the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS. Finally, it configures an industrial-grade communication management unit for the EMS and analyzes its functionality. This application significantly reduces the cost of the PV array through ZigBee wireless communication, lowers the packet loss rate, ensures the anti-interference capability of the PV hybrid system, and reduces protocol conversion latency.

[0065] The above content is merely an example and illustration of the concept of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the inventive concept or exceed the scope defined in this application, they should all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Layered System Architecture Design: Analyze the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system to determine whether the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system needs to be updated, and then update the communication architecture accordingly. Step 2, Optimization of photovoltaic-side communication links: Analyze the installation location of each ECU in the photovoltaic array, and analyze the communication connection between the ECU and the micro-inverter and EMS; Step 3: Design of communication link on the energy storage side: Analyze the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS; Step 4: Protocol Conversion and Power Grid Connection Analysis: Configure an industrial-grade communication management unit for the EMS and analyze the functionality of the industrial-grade communication management unit.

2. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system is conducted to determine whether the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid system needs to be updated. The specific analysis process is as follows: Obtain the transmission distance of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system from the data management center, and compare the transmission distance of the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system with the expected communication distance of the updated communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system. Obtain the number of protocols supported by the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system from the data management center, and compare the number of protocols supported by the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system with the expected number of protocols supported by the updated communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system. If the expected communication distance or number of protocols of the updated target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system's communication architecture is greater than the current target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system's communication architecture, then the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage device will be updated; otherwise, the communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage device will not be updated.

3. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The communication architecture update is described below: The communication architecture of the target photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system is designed in a hierarchical manner according to the perception layer, aggregation layer and management layer. The perception layer includes micro photovoltaic inverters and local controllers for energy storage cabinets, which are used to collect equipment operation data. Meanwhile, energy communicators are deployed at the aggregation layer to realize data aggregation and protocol conversion at the sensing layer; Finally, an EMS and a communication management unit are deployed to enable equipment monitoring, command issuance, and power grid protocol conversion via the communication management unit.

4. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process involves installing an ECU in the photovoltaic array and analyzing the communication connection between the ECU, the micro-inverter, and the EMS. The specific analysis process is as follows: First, obtain the theoretical maximum transmission distance of the wireless module from the data management center, then determine the location of each target device that the ECU in the photovoltaic array needs to collect data from, and then obtain the distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array. The maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is compared with the distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array. If one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is greater than or equal to the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array, then one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is used as the installation distance, and each ECU is installed in the photovoltaic array. Conversely, if one-third of the maximum transmission distance of the wireless module is less than the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array, then the maximum distance of each target device from the center point of the photovoltaic array is used as the installation distance, and each ECU is installed in the photovoltaic array.

5. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process for determining the communication connection method between the ECU, the micro photovoltaic inverter, and the EMS is as follows: For the communication connection between the ECU and the micro photovoltaic inverter, the number of micro photovoltaic inverters in the sensing layer is first counted. When the number of micro photovoltaic inverters is greater than the preset threshold, wireless communication is used between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU; otherwise, wired communication is used. When wireless communication is used between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU, the communication connection between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU is achieved through ZigBee wireless communication. At the same time, the wireless communication distance is extended through the built-in ZigBee gateway in the ECU. For the communication connection between the ECU and EMS, optical fiber is used as the physical transmission medium, and Modbus-TCP is used as the communication protocol between the ECU and EMS to realize the communication connection between the ECU and EMS.

6. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The communication connection between the micro photovoltaic inverter and the ECU is achieved through ZigBee wireless communication. The specific communication process is as follows: The ZigBee device scans each channel according to a preset period to obtain the RSSI value and channel occupancy rate of each channel. The RSSI value and channel occupancy rate of each channel are then fed into a pre-trained channel evaluation model. The channel evaluation model outputs the channel characteristic value of each channel, and the channel with the largest channel characteristic value is recorded as the optimal communication channel of the ZigBee device. The coordinator broadcasts the Mgmt_NWK_Update_req message to each router node. Upon receiving the message, each router node switches the communication channel of the current ZigBee device to the optimal communication channel and updates the communication channel of the ZigBee device at each preset period.

7. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication connection between the ECU and EMS is achieved by using optical fiber as the physical transmission medium and Modbus-TCP as the communication protocol. The specific communication process is as follows: An Ethernet interface and an optical module are configured on the ECU side, and an optical transceiver is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals to achieve connection with the optical fiber link. The EMS server is deployed in the control room and connected to the fiber optic link through the core switch. It also supports Modbus-TCP client function, which can actively poll ECU data and receive push data. Meanwhile, optical fibers are laid through cable trays, with pigtails spliced ​​at both ends and connected to the optical module.

8. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The analysis of the communication method between the industrial energy storage cabinet and the EMS is as follows: The industrial storage cabinet has a built-in Modbus-TCP interface and communicates with the EMS via network cable and switch. During the communication process, it supports the transmission of charging and discharging control commands, power adjustment commands, and status query commands.

9. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of configuring an industrial-grade communication management unit for EMS and analyzing its functionality is as follows: The industrial-grade communication management unit configured by EMS integrates protocol conversion, data security management, and edge computing functions. The protocol conversion function maps Modbus-TCP data to IEC61850 model or IEC104 remote signaling frames. The data security feature indicates that the upstream data is encrypted using the AES-128 encryption algorithm, and digital certificate authentication is also supported. Edge computing means preprocessing abnormal data locally, thereby reducing the computing load on the EMS.

10. The communication architecture method for a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The edge computing function refers to the local preprocessing of abnormal data, thereby reducing the load on EMS computing instances. The specific process is as follows: First, the raw data from the front-end device is received through the hardware interface of the communication management unit and stored in the local buffer. A millisecond-level timestamp, a unique device identifier, and a data type tag are added to each piece of raw data. At the same time, the original data for the preset duration is retained; The edge computing module performs real-time scanning of the cache to determine whether each piece of raw data meets the corresponding operating rule threshold. When a piece of raw data triggers the corresponding operating rule threshold, it is recorded as abnormal data. Based on this, each abnormal data is obtained, and then cleaned and classified. Finally, the classified anomalies are transmitted to the management team, who then execute the corresponding management decisions.

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