Method and system for indirectly acquiring vectorcardiogram by using conventional electrocardiograph

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing technology, and particularly to a method and system for indirectly acquiring ECG vectorgraphs using a conventional electrocardiograph. This method utilizes the chest lead electrodes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph to acquire unipolar lead ECGs corresponding to the I, E, C, A, M, and H detection points in the Frank lead system, denoted as V... I V E V C V A V M V H Based on the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output by a conventional electrocardiograph and the V signal of the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram... F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal; based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z signals of a bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula; the calculated x, y, and z signals are then used to synthesize a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map. This invention enables conventional electrocardiographs to simultaneously generate electrocardiogram vector maps without increasing hardware costs, achieving dual diagnosis with a single examination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrocardiogram signal processing technology, and in particular to a method and system for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph. Background Technology

[0002] The Frank lead system is a bipolar orthogonal lead system that fully considers the physiological characteristics of the heart, which is positioned slightly to the left and anteriorly within the body cavity. It uses C-point correction and is currently the mainstream lead system used in vectorcardiography. Its connection method and circuit design are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the electrode locations are summarized in Table 1. The orthogonal lead system collects potential change data in three directions: x (left-right), y (up-down), and z (front-back). The (x, y) data sequence can be used to synthesize the frontal (F) ECG vector map, the (x, z) data sequence can be used to synthesize the transverse ECG vector map, the (z, y) data sequence can be used to synthesize the right lateral (RS) ECG vector map, and the (x, y, z) data sequence can be used to synthesize the three-dimensional ECG vector map.

[0003]

[0004] Both conventional electrocardiograms (ECGs) and vectorcardiograms (VCGs) are non-invasive examinations that record surface electrocardiographic signals and share a common theoretical basis. However, for a long time, the lead systems and operating methods of the two examinations have been different, as shown in Table 2. Using two different examination instruments and applying two different charging standards, the same electrocardiographic information is repeatedly examined, which inevitably leads to a waste of resources and increases the burden on medical patients. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem that conventional electrocardiograms (ECGs) and vectorcardiograms (VCGs) require separate specialized equipment and repeated examinations, leading to resource waste and increased medical burden, this invention proposes a method and system for indirectly acquiring VCGs using a conventional ECG machine. This method requires no additional hardware modifications and can efficiently generate orthogonal lead ECGs and VCGs with a single acquisition using a conventional ECG machine, reducing equipment costs and lowering the barrier to entry for users.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted is:

[0008] This invention provides a method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Using the precordial leads C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, unipolar electrocardiograms were acquired corresponding to the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system, and denoted as V. I V E V CV A V M V H ;

[0010] Based on the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output by a conventional electrocardiograph and the V signal of the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram. F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal;

[0011] Based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z values ​​of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula.

[0012] Using the calculated x, y, and z signals, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map is synthesized.

[0013] According to the method of indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to the present invention, the conventional electrocardiograph is an electrocardiogram device with a standard 12-lead acquisition function, wherein the 12 leads include three bipolar leads of the limbs, namely I, II, and III, three unipolar leads of the limbs with pressure, namely aVR, aVL, and aVF, and six chest leads V1-V6.

[0014] According to the method of indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph of the present invention, when acquiring unipolar lead electrocardiograms of the exploration points in the Frank lead system, the chest lead electrode C1 is connected to point I, C2 is connected to point E, C3 is connected to point C, C4 is connected to point A, C5 is connected to point M, and C6 is connected to point H.

[0015] According to the method of indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to the present invention, the V F The signal is equivalently obtained in the following way: using the aVF signal acquired by a conventional electrocardiograph, according to the relationship aVF=1.5V F V was calculated F =2aVF / 3.

[0016] According to the method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph of the present invention, the preset linear combination formula is further defined as follows:

[0017] x=(V c +V A ) / 2-V I

[0018] y=(V M +VF ) / 2-V H V F =2aVF / 3

[0019] z=(V I +V C +V E ) / 3-(V A +V M ) / 2

[0020] In this context, x, y, and z represent bipolar orthogonal leads in the left-right, up-down, and front-back directions, respectively.

[0021] According to the method of indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph of the present invention, the synthesis of two-dimensional electrocardiogram vector maps further includes: synthesizing a frontal electrocardiogram vector map using x and y potential data sequences; synthesizing a transverse electrocardiogram vector map using x and z potential data sequences; and synthesizing a right lateral electrocardiogram vector map using y and z potential data sequences.

[0022] According to the method of indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to the present invention, when synthesizing a three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map, the three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map is synthesized based on the three-dimensional potential data sequence of x, y, and z to characterize the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of cardiac electrical activity.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a system for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, for implementing the above-mentioned method, comprising:

[0024] The data acquisition module is used to acquire unipolar electrocardiograms of the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system using the chest lead electrodes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, respectively, denoted as V. I V E V C V A V M V H ;

[0025] The signal processing module is used to compare the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output from a conventional electrocardiograph with the V signal from the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram. F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal; based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z values ​​of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula.

[0026] The vector graph synthesis module is used to synthesize two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector graphs using the calculated x, y, and z signals.

[0027] According to the present invention, the system for indirectly acquiring an electrocardiogram using a conventional electrocardiograph further includes an output display module for displaying a bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram and an electrocardiogram vector map.

[0028] The beneficial effects achieved by adopting the above technical solution are:

[0029] Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that conventional electrocardiographs, by acquiring unipolar lead signals from multiple standard and orthogonal positions on the body surface, already contain the complete source lead information required to construct a Frank orthogonal lead electrocardiogram. Through reasonable linear combination and lead transformation of these source lead signals, a standard bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram (x, y, z) can be effectively generated, and further, two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector maps can be constructed, thereby achieving a description of the spatial characteristics of cardiac electrical activity.

[0030] From a theoretical perspective, the Frank orthogonal lead system is essentially a spatially weighted combination of multiple electrode signals from the body surface. Its output orthogonal leads do not depend on a specific hardware structure, but rather on whether the lead positions and their weighting relationships satisfy the orthogonal projection condition. Therefore, as long as equivalent unipolar lead signals can be acquired at the corresponding body surface locations, the orthogonal lead electrocardiogram can be reconstructed at the computational level through lead transformation.

[0031] From an experimental and practical perspective, the orthogonal lead electrocardiogram and electrocardiogram vector graph generated by this invention based on actual data collected by a conventional electrocardiograph show good consistency with the results directly collected by a professional electrocardiogram vector grapher in terms of waveform morphology, directional distribution, and vector loop structure, thus verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the lead conversion method in practical applications.

[0032] At the engineering implementation level, the above results further demonstrate that conventional electrocardiographs do not require hardware modifications; simply by introducing lead conversion and vector map generation modules into existing electrocardiogram analysis software, the acquisition and analysis of electrocardiogram vector maps can be achieved. In other words, conventional electrocardiographs have the potential to replace professional electrocardiogram vector mappers at the functional level, significantly reducing equipment costs and lowering the barrier to entry.

[0033] In summary, the orthogonal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram generation method based on lead conversion is not only theoretically sound and experimentally verifiable, but also has high practical value in clinical and engineering applications, providing a low-cost and easy-to-deploy implementation path for the widespread application of vectorcardiogram technology. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0035] Figure 1 This is the circuit design of the Frank lead system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is the structure of the Wilson central terminal and the pressurized unipolar limb lead in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure A shows the principle of the Wilson central terminal: T=(R+L+F) / 3; B shows the structure of aVR: aVR=R-(L+F) / 2; C shows the structure of aVL: aVL=L-(R+F) / 2; and D shows the structure of aVF: aVF=F-(R+L) / 2.

[0037] Figure 3 These are the lead vectors in the Wilson lead system of this invention embodiment. In the figure, A is the lead vector in Einstein's triangle, and B is the frontal six-axis system.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram and the corresponding Frank unipolar lead electrocardiogram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram calculated based on a Frank unipolar lead electrocardiogram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a two-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map generated using converted bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram data in an embodiment of the present invention; A is the frontal plane electrocardiogram vector map, B is the transverse plane electrocardiogram vector map, C is the right lateral plane electrocardiogram vector map, D is the frontal plane PT magnified image, E is the transverse plane PT magnified image, and F is the right lateral plane PT magnified image.

[0041] Figure 7 These are bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiograms and electrocardiograms actually acquired by a professional electrocardiogram vectorgraph in this embodiment of the invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The exemplary solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0044] This invention discloses a method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0045] Step S1: Using the chest lead electrodes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, acquire unipolar lead electrocardiograms corresponding to the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system, respectively, and record them as V. I V E V C V A V M V H .

[0046] A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) uses 10 electrodes, including 4 limb electrodes: RA (R): right arm; LA (L): left arm; LL (F): left leg; RL (N): right leg – this is a grounded electrode used to reduce interference and does not participate in signal generation for any lead; and 6 chest electrode leads: C1: 4th intercostal space at the right sternal border; C2: 4th intercostal space at the left sternal border; C3: midpoint of the line connecting C2 and C4; C4: 5th intercostal space at the left midclavicular line; C5: 5th intercostal space at the left anterior axillary line, at the same level as C4; C6: 5th intercostal space at the left midaxillary line, at the same level as C4 and C5. These 10 electrodes are used to synthesize a 12-lead ECG.

[0047] A standard electrocardiograph is an electrocardiogram device with a standard 12-lead acquisition function. The 12 leads include three bipolar leads for the limbs (I, II, III), three unipolar leads for the limbs with pressure (aVR, aVL, aVF), and six chest leads (V1-V6).

[0048] Because bipolar leads in Frank leads involve multiple exploring electrodes (for example, the positive electrode in lead Z is at points I, E, and C, while the negative electrode is at points A and M), standard bipolar leads I, II, and III in a conventional electrocardiograph cannot be directly used to acquire bipolar orthogonal lead ECGs (x, y, z). However, conventional electrocardiographs have six precordial leads that can easily acquire unipolar lead ECGs at points I, E, C, A, M, and H in Frank leads. Specifically, precordial leads C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 from a conventional electrocardiograph can be connected to points I, E, C, A, M, and H respectively to acquire V... I V E V C V A V M V H It's a Frank monopolar lead electrocardiogram.

[0049] Step S2: Based on the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output by a conventional electrocardiograph and the V signal of the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram... F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal, V F The signal is equivalently obtained in the following way:

[0050] Using the aVF signal acquired by a conventional electrocardiograph, according to the relationship aVF=1.5V F V was calculated F =2aVF / 3;V F When the precordial leads are placed on the left lower limb, a conventional electrocardiogram (ECG) records a unipolar lead ECG. This is because the conventional aVF lead differs from the V lead. F The ratio between the leads is 3:2, therefore V in the formula for calculating lead y is... F A single-lead ECG does not require re-acquisition; the aVF data can be used. The derivation process is as follows:

[0051] The positive terminal of a standard precordial lead is the exploration point in lead V (i.e., C1-C6, etc.), and the common negative terminal is the central terminal T (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 A) Under Einstein's assumption, the potential at the central terminal is zero, i.e., T = (R + L + F) / 3 = 0. Therefore, the chest leads are called unipolar leads. Unipolar limb leads refer to electrocardiograms acquired with R (right upper limb), L (left upper limb), and F (left lower limb) as positive poles and the central terminal as negative pole, respectively, and are called V1 and V2 leads. R V L V F Electrocardiogram with leads; if in V R V L V F Cutting the TR, TL, and TF leads respectively increases the voltage of the unipolar limb leads by 1.5 times; hence, these are called pressurized unipolar limb leads, and are respectively named aVR, aVL, and aVF leads (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown in B, C, and D).

[0052] The pressure-assisted unipolar limb lead aVF is a unipolar limb lead V F The voltage is 1.5 times the lead vector. From the perspective of lead vectors, the lead vector of the aVF lead in a pressurized unipolar limb lead is the midline of Einstein's triangle (referring to...). Figure 3 (EF' in A), while unipolar limb lead V F The lead vector is the centroid of Einstein's triangle pointing towards the vertex (referring to...). Figure 3 In triangle A, TF'), since the centroid (i.e., point T) trisects the median, i.e., ET = 0.5TF', EF' = 0.5TF' + TF' = 1.5TF', this geometric relationship intuitively confirms the conclusion derived algebraically: aVF = 1.5V.F .

[0053] If we derive the same conclusion based on the definition of a unipolar lead, we can obtain: from aVF=F-(R+L) / 2, V F =FT, T=(R+L+F) / 3, we get 2aVF=2F-(R+L)=3[F-(R+L+F) / 3]=3(FT)=3V F That is, aVF = 1.5V F .

[0054] Step S3, based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z signals of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula.

[0055] The formulas for calculating x, y, and z in a bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram are as follows:

[0056] x=(V c +V A ) / 2-V I

[0057] y=(V M +V F ) / 2-V H V F =2aVF / 3

[0058] z=(V I +V C +V E ) / 3-(V A +V M ) / 2

[0059] In this context, x, y, and z represent bipolar orthogonal leads in the left-right, up-down, and front-back directions, respectively.

[0060] In reality, Einstein's triangle is not an equilateral triangle, and the heart is not at the center of Einstein's triangle. T≠0, and the precordial leads are not true unipolar lead ECGs. However, this does not affect the calculation results of orthogonal lead ECGs because during the conversion of a unipolar lead ECG to a bipolar orthogonal lead ECG, the negative potential of the source lead cancels out in the subtraction, only reflecting the comparison result of the positive potential. The derivation process is as follows:

[0061] By V I =IT,V E =ET,V C =CT,VA =AT,V M =MT,V H =HT,V F =FT

[0062] We get: x = (V) A +V C ) / 2-V I =(A-T+CT) / 2-(IT)=(A+C) / 2-I

[0063] y=(V M +V F ) / 2-V H =(M-T+FT) / 2-(HT)=(M+F) / 2-H

[0064] z=(V I +V E +V C ) / 3-(V A +V M ) / 2=(I-T+E-T+CT) / 3-(A-T+MT) / 2=(I+E+C) / 3-(A+M) / 2.

[0065] Therefore, data from the x, y, and z orthogonal leads can be obtained by collecting data with conventional electrocardiogram (ECG) instruments and then converted and calculated to synthesize two-dimensional and three-dimensional ECG vector maps.

[0066] Step S4: Using the calculated x, y, and z signals, synthesize a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map.

[0067] When synthesizing two-dimensional ECG vector maps, the frontal plane ECG vector map is synthesized using x and y potential data sequences; the transverse plane ECG vector map is synthesized using x and z potential data sequences; and the right lateral plane ECG vector map is synthesized using y and z potential data sequences. When synthesizing three-dimensional ECG vector maps, the three-dimensional ECG vector map is synthesized based on x, y, and z three-dimensional potential data sequences to characterize the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of cardiac electrical activity.

[0068] Corresponding to the above method, embodiments of the present invention disclose a system for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, comprising:

[0069] The data acquisition module is used to acquire unipolar electrocardiograms of the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system using the chest lead electrodes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, respectively, denoted as V. I V E V C V A V M V H ;

[0070] The signal processing module is used to compare the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output from a conventional electrocardiograph with the V signal from the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram. F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal; based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z values ​​of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula.

[0071] The vector graph synthesis module is used to synthesize two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector graphs using the calculated x, y, and z signals.

[0072] The display module is used to display bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiograms and electrocardiogram vectorgraphs.

[0073] Figure 4 shows a standard 12-lead ECG obtained using a conventional ECG machine and its corresponding Frank monopolar lead ECG. The aim is to illustrate how to derive a bipolar orthogonal lead ECG using a clinically widely used conventional ECG machine without relying on a dedicated Frank lead system, and further construct a vectorcardiogram (VCG). The left side of the figure shows a standard 12-lead ECG, including three limb bipolar leads (I, II, III), three enhancing monopolar leads (aVR, aVL, aVF), and six precordial leads (V1–V6). This lead system is currently the most common and widely accepted form of ECG signal representation in clinical diagnosis, reflecting the projection characteristics of cardiac electrical activity in different anatomical directions. The right side of the figure shows a Frank monopolar lead ECG, denoted as V. I V E V C V A V M V HIt should be noted that these Frank unipolar leads are not directly acquired using a dedicated Frank lead system. Instead, they are acquired by placing the six chest leads of a conventional electrocardiograph at the corresponding surface locations (I, E, C, A, M, H) of the Frank orthogonal lead system. Therefore, the Frank unipolar leads shown in this figure can be considered equivalent Frank unipolar signals acquired by conventional ECG equipment at orthogonal positions. Methodologically, the conventional 12-lead ECG, as a standardized and clinically applicable ECG representation, is used to characterize the morphological features of ECG signals in the traditional lead system; while the Frank unipolar lead ECG, by acquiring unipolar signals at orthogonal surface locations, provides source data for subsequent calculations of Frank bipolar orthogonal leads (x, y, z). Based on this, two-dimensional or three-dimensional ECG vector loops can be further synthesized to describe the spatial characteristics of cardiac electrical activity. In summary, Figure 4 visually demonstrates the feasibility and technical approach of indirectly deriving orthogonal electrocardiogram and vector electrocardiogram representations using the "popular and standardized" routine electrocardiogram acquisition system in clinical practice, providing a data foundation for subsequent experimental verification and analysis.

[0074] Figure 5 shows the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram results calculated based on the Frank monopolar lead electrocardiogram. The figure shows the electrocardiogram waveforms in the orthogonal x, y, and z directions. The orthogonal lead x(t), y(t), and z(t) waveforms are derived from the Frank monopolar lead electrocardiogram (V... I V E V C V A V M V H The formula is calculated according to the established weighting relationship, and the specific expression is as follows:

[0075] x=(V c +V A ) / 2-V I

[0076] y=(V M +V F ) / 2-V H

[0077] z=(V I +V C +V E ) / 3-(V A +V M ) / 2

[0078] By weighted superposition of unipolar lead signals at different body surface locations, the projection components of cardiac electrical activity in three mutually orthogonal directions—left-right (x), head-foot (y), and anterior-posterior (z)—are characterized.

[0079] Figure 6 This paper presents a two-dimensional vectorcardiogram (2D VCG) constructed based on a bipolar orthogonal lead ECG derived from Frank's unipolar lead ECG. This VCG is used to characterize the dynamic projection characteristics of cardiac electrical activity in different spatial planes. A, C, and D represent the VCGs in three orthogonal planes: A is the frontal plane VCG (xy plane, F), B is the transverse plane VCG (xz plane, H), and C is the right lateral plane VCG (zy plane, RS). Different colored trajectories correspond to the paths of the cardiac vector changes over time during the cardiac cycle, reflecting the directionality and amplitude distribution of cardiac depolarization and repolarization processes in space. To further highlight the local morphological characteristics of repolarization-related bands, D and F provide magnified views of the PT bands in their respective planes. D is the magnified frontal plane PT view, E is the transverse plane PT view, and F is the right lateral plane PT view. Local magnification allows for a clearer observation of the differences in projection direction and trajectory morphology of the P wave and T wave in different spatial planes. The overall results show that the two-dimensional ECG vector maps generated from orthogonal lead data exhibit continuous, closed, and directional vector loop structures in all three standard planes. This indicates that the orthogonal ECG signals acquired and converted using a conventional ECG machine can effectively characterize the spatial dynamics of cardiac electrical activity. These two-dimensional vector maps provide an intuitive and interpretable intermediate representation for subsequent three-dimensional ECG vector loop construction and spatial electrophysiological analysis.

[0080] Figure 7 This figure shows bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiograms and their corresponding vector maps obtained using a professional vectorcardiogram (VCG) instrument. These serve as a reference for comparing the results of deriving orthogonal and vector ECGs from conventional ECG instruments. The left side of the figure shows two-dimensional vector maps in three orthogonal planes: F (XY) is the frontal plane vector map, H (XZ) is the transverse plane vector map, and RS (ZY) is the right lateral plane vector map. The trajectories of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave in vector space are marked in each plane. Different colors and line types are used to distinguish the vector loop structures corresponding to different wave segments within the cardiac cycle. Overall, the results shown in Figure 7 are examples of bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiograms and vector maps obtained using a standard VCG device. They provide an intuitive comparison and reference benchmark for the method of deriving orthogonal and vector ECGs from conventional ECG instruments, helping to verify the rationality of the proposed derivation method in terms of morphology, directionality, and spatial consistency.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vectorgraphs using a conventional electrocardiograph, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Using the precordial leads C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, unipolar electrocardiograms were acquired corresponding to the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system, and denoted as V. I V E V C V A V M V H ; Based on the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output by a conventional electrocardiograph and the V signal of the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram. F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal; Based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z values ​​of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula. Using the calculated x, y, and z signals, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector map is synthesized.

2. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conventional electrocardiograph is an electrocardiogram device with a standard 12-lead acquisition function. The 12 leads include three bipolar leads for the limbs, namely I, II, and III; three unipolar leads for the limbs with pressure, namely aVR, aVL, and aVF; and six chest leads, V1-V6.

3. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, characterized in that, When collecting unipolar lead electrocardiograms at the exploration points in the Frank lead system, the chest lead electrode C1 is connected to point I, C2 to point E, C3 to point C, C4 to point A, C5 to point M, and C6 to point H.

4. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, characterized in that, The V F The signal is equivalently obtained in the following way: using the aVF signal acquired by a conventional electrocardiograph, according to the relationship aVF=1.5V F V was calculated F =2aVF / 3.

5. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset linear combination formula is: x=(V c +V A ) / 2-V I y=(V M +V F ) / 2-V H ,V F =2aVF / 3 z=(V I +V C +V E ) / 3-(V A +V M ) / 2 In this context, x, y, and z represent bipolar orthogonal leads in the left-right, up-down, and front-back directions, respectively.

6. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synthesis of two-dimensional electrocardiogram vector maps includes: synthesizing a frontal electrocardiogram vector map using x and y potential data sequences; synthesizing a transverse electrocardiogram vector map using x and z potential data sequences; and synthesizing a right lateral electrocardiogram vector map using y and z potential data sequences.

7. The method for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 1, characterized in that, When synthesizing a three-dimensional electrocardiogram (ECG) vector map, the ECG vector map is synthesized based on the three-dimensional potential data sequence of x, y, and z to characterize the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of cardiac electrical activity.

8. A system for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph, characterized in that, For implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1-7, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire unipolar electrocardiograms of the I, E, C, A, M, and H exploration points in the Frank lead system using the chest lead electrodes C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 of a conventional electrocardiograph, respectively, denoted as V. I V E V C V A V M V H ; The signal processing module is used to compare the pressurized unipolar limb lead aVF signal output from a conventional electrocardiograph with the V signal from the left lower limb unipolar lead electrocardiogram. F The relational expression is used to calculate V. F Signal; based on the V I V E V C V A V M V H and V F The signal is used to calculate the x, y, and z values ​​of the bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiogram using a preset linear combination formula. The vector graph synthesis module is used to synthesize two-dimensional or three-dimensional electrocardiogram vector graphs using the calculated x, y, and z signals.

9. The system for indirectly acquiring electrocardiogram vector maps using a conventional electrocardiograph according to claim 8, characterized in that, The system also includes an output display module for displaying bipolar orthogonal lead electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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