Flight path optimization for unmanned aerial vehicles

Abstract

Various aspects of this disclosure relate generally to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) can transmit flight path information about its flight path. The UE can receive modifications to the flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, which in turn are associated with the flight path. The UE can trigger movement of the UE in connection with the modifications to the flight path information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 507,922, filed November 13, 2023, entitled “UNCREWED AERIAL VEHICLE FLIGHTPATH ​​OPTIMIZATION,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. background

[0003] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and more specifically to techniques, apparatus and methods for optimizing flight paths of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of services, including voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other services. Services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, etc. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, spatial-domain resources, and / or device transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access RATs include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] The aforementioned Multiple Access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunications standard is New Radio (NR). NR (also known as 5G) is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) can be designed to better support the Internet of Things (IoT) and reduced-capacity device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter-wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (e.g., cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communications), massive MIMO, decomposed network architectures and network topology expansion, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, and more. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements to NR can be implemented, and other radio access technologies (such as 6G) can be introduced to further advance mobile broadband evolution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: transmitting flight path information about the flight path of the UE; receiving a modification to the flight path information, wherein the modification is associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and triggering movement of the UE in association with the modification to the flight path information.

[0007] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving a first configuration for mobility operations; transmitting flight path information about a flight path of the UE; receiving a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and performing the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0008] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes: transmitting a configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operation; and communicating for the mobility operation according to the configuration.

[0009] In some aspects, a method performed by an apparatus includes: receiving input information about a radio access network (RAN) providing coverage for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; using an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates the reconfiguration of at least one of: a network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and configuring at least one of the network node or the UAV UE according to the output information.

[0010] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes: receiving flight path information about a user equipment (UE) flight path; and transmitting modifications to the flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path.

[0011] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving a first configuration for mobility operations; transmitting flight path information about a flight path of the UE; receiving a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and performing the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: transmit flight path information about the flight path of the apparatus; receive modifications to the flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and trigger movement of the apparatus in connection with the modifications to the flight path information.

[0013] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the flight path of the apparatus; receive a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0014] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: transmit a configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operation; and communicate for the mobility operation according to the configuration.

[0015] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: receive input information about a radio access network (RAN) providing coverage for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; use an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates the reconfiguration of at least one of: a network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and configure at least one of the network node or the UAV UE according to the output information.

[0016] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: receive flight path information about a flight path of a user equipment (UE); and transmit modifications to the flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path.

[0017] In some aspects, an apparatus configured for wireless communication includes: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the flight path of the apparatus; receive a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0018] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive a modification to the flight path information, wherein the modification is associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and trigger movement of the UE in association with the modification to the flight path information.

[0019] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0020] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: transmit a configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operation; and communicate for the mobility operation according to the configuration.

[0021] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of the device, cause the device to: receive input information about a radio access network (RAN) providing coverage for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; use an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates the reconfiguration of at least one of: a network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and configure at least one of the network node or the UAV UE according to the output information.

[0022] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: receive flight path information about a user equipment (UE) flight path; and transmit modifications to the flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path.

[0023] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive a second configuration for the mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform the mobility operations according to the second configuration.

[0024] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes components for transmitting flight path information about the flight path of the apparatus; components for receiving modifications to the flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and components for triggering movement of the apparatus in connection with the modifications to the flight path information.

[0025] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for receiving a first configuration for mobility operation; components for transmitting flight path information about the flight path of the apparatus; components for receiving a second configuration for mobility operation in association with the flight path information; and components for performing the mobility operation according to the second configuration.

[0026] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for transmitting a configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operation; and components for communicating for the mobility operation according to the configuration.

[0027] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for receiving input information about a radio access network (RAN) providing coverage for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; components for obtaining output information using an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information, wherein the output information indicates a reconfiguration of at least one of: a network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and components for configuring at least one of the network node or the UAV UE based on the output information.

[0028] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes components for receiving flight path information about a user equipment (UE) flight path; and components for transmitting modifications to the flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path.

[0029] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: components for receiving a first configuration for mobility operation; components for transmitting flight path information about a user equipment (UE); components for receiving a second configuration for the mobility operation in association with the flight path information; and components for performing the mobility operation according to the second configuration.

[0030] Various aspects of this disclosure may be implemented or be implemented as described in whole by or embodied in the methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described in the specification and drawings and illustrated in the specification and drawings.

[0031] The preceding paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of this disclosure. These and additional aspects and their associated advantages will be described below. The disclosed aspects can serve as the basis for modifying or designing other aspects for performing the same or similar purposes of this disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, their organization and operation, and their associated advantages will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate some aspects of this disclosure but do not limit its scope, as other aspects can be achieved through this description. Each drawing in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. Identical or similar reference numerals in different drawings may identify identical or similar elements.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network according to the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 4 This is an illustration of an example of flight path information associated with a flight path according to this disclosure.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) UE within a wireless communication network environment according to the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling used to modify the flight path of a UE according to this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling used to modify the flight path of a UE according to this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling for mobility associated with a target cell type according to this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling configured according to an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model for a radio access network (RAN) or a UAV UE in accordance with this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection, according to this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 12This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a device or apparatus of a device, according to the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 17 The diagram illustrates an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device according to this disclosure.

[0050] Figure 18 The diagram illustrates an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device according to this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Various aspects of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated or described with reference to the drawings or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, various combinations or numbers of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or a method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover apparatuses having structures and / or functionalities other than those available for practicing the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein, or methods of practice using those other structures and / or functionalities. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0052] Various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will now be presented with reference to them. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various boxes, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0053] User equipment (UE) can be implemented in association with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). For example, a UE can provide radio access to a UAV, enabling remote control and tracking of the UAV in applications such as beyond line of sight (BLOS) or beyond line of sight (BVLOS). A UE that provides radio access to a UAV may be referred to herein as a UAV UE or simply UE.

[0054] Radio access for UAV UEs can present certain challenges compared to terrestrial (e.g., ground-level) radio access. For example, UAV UEs may tend to move at high speeds along their flight path. As another example, some networks may be configured primarily to provide ground-level coverage, thus coverage gaps may exist within the flight envelope of the UAV UE. As yet another example, UAV UEs (or UAVs equipped with UAV UEs) may have limited battery life or may adhere to specific itineraries or timelines that dictate the destination or timeline of the UAV UE's journey.

[0055] The UAV UE can perform measurements based on one or more parameters. These parameters may include, for example, minimum altitude (H1) and maximum altitude (H2). When the UAV UE is located above H1 and below H2, or above H2 and has a hysteresis value, the UAV UE can report one or more measurements to the gNB. The vertical range in the air can be divided into different altitude zones, which have different H1 / H2 triggering conditions for reporting measurements, enabling network nodes to identify the exact location (range) of the UAV UE in the air.

[0056] UAVs can operate based on flight paths. Flight paths can be described or defined by flight path information. Flight path information may include one or more waypoints and time information associated with those waypoints. Waypoints indicate the path the UAV UE traverses from its source to its destination, and time information indicates the time the UAV UE arrives at each waypoint. In some respects, the flight path of a UAV UE can be managed by the UAV UE's original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or the service provider implementing the UAV UE based on the UE's purpose of travel and / or the locations it needs to access. For example, an inspection UAV may access different locations and spend different amounts of time at each location to inspect inventory, etc.

[0057] As mentioned, altitude-based measurements (H1 and H2) can assist in switching UAV UEs from one beam / cell to another for continuous coverage. Furthermore, flight path information can help plan the next cell a UAV UE should hand over to in order to maintain threshold coverage. However, the network can dynamically add or remove cells based on multiple factors, such as operating hours, thermal noise, cell load, and overlapping / multi-layer cell planning. In addition, other operational aspects of the network can be controlled by Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) entities, Self-Organizing Network (SON) entities, Radio Access Network (RAN) Intelligent Controllers (RICs), etc. Therefore, the number of cells and their capabilities continuously change based on operating time and other radio planning characteristics, such as operator-specific radio resource management policies.

[0058] The variability of RAN configuration can lead to situations where flight path information defined by the UAV's OEM or service provider results in flight paths that traverse suboptimal radio conditions or impose burdens on the RAN. For example, network configuration may change after flight path information is generated, resulting in insufficient coverage or failure to deliver threshold performance along the flight path. As another example, a given flight path may cause the UAV UE to perform excessive mobility operations (e.g., handover, beam changes). As yet another example, a given flight path may traverse coverage blind spots (e.g., areas with coverage below the threshold) due to terrain features, regulatory restrictions, etc. Implementing a flight path, without considering coverage along the flight path, network load due to UE handover or overload, or coverage blind spots, can result in suboptimal performance, inefficient network resource utilization, and delays or failures in UAV UE operation. For example, while the operating altitude and waypoints of a flight path may be selected by the service provider based on UAV capabilities, permits, or other criteria (e.g., traffic management or government regulations, permits, security aspects such as avoiding power lines), the flight path may provide suboptimal or discontinuous coverage due to variations in cellular capabilities within the RAN.

[0059] This disclosure relates generally to UAV flight path optimization. Some aspects more specifically relate to signaling delivery and optimization of flight path information based on radio conditions, or other configurations of the UAV UE or network. Some aspects relate to determining the reconfiguration of network nodes or UAV UEs based on the output of AI / ML models.

[0060] In some aspects, the UE (e.g., a UAV UE) may transmit flight path information about its flight path. The UE may receive modifications to the flight path information from a network node. For example, modifications may be associated with radio conditions, and radio conditions may be associated with the flight path. The UE may trigger movement of the UE (this may include reporting the modifications to a UAV motion tracker). In some aspects, radio conditions may include the cellular coverage level of the flight path. In some aspects, the UE may request specific radio conditions, and modifications to the flight path may be made based on the requested radio conditions.

[0061] In some aspects, the UE may receive a first configuration for mobility operations. The UE may send flight path information about its flight path. The UE may receive a second configuration for mobility operations from a network node in association with the flight path information, wherein the second configuration differs from the first configuration. The UE may perform mobility operations according to the second configuration. In some aspects, the second configuration may be based on altitude information and cell coverage planning, enabling the UE to be provided with a configuration that provides optimal handover time for conditional handover or lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0062] In some aspects, network nodes can send configurations associated with mobility operations of the UE. The UE may be associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or a UAV. This configuration may be derived from the target cell type of the mobility operation. For example, the target cell type may indicate the cell size of the target cell for the mobility operation, whether the target cell is associated with an NTN or a terrestrial network, whether the target cell is a high-altitude platform station cell, or whether the target cell is an unmanned aerial vehicle cell. In some aspects, network nodes may generate configurations based on a threshold number of mobility operations associated with the UE's flight path.

[0063] In some aspects, the device may receive input information about the RAN providing coverage for the UAV UE. The input information may include at least one of a Minimum Drive Test (MDT) report, an Adaptive Networking (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN. The device may use an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model to obtain output information. The output information instructs the reconfiguration of at least one of the RAN network nodes or UAV UEs. The network node may configure itself or at least one of the UAV UEs based on the output information. For example, the network node may modify one or more parameters of the UAV UE's flight path, or it may modify one or more cell parameters of the network node.

[0064] The aspects of this disclosure can be used to achieve one or more of the following possible advantages.

[0065] In some respects, by modifying flight path information in association with radio conditions, network nodes can configure a UE to follow a flight path associated with better radio conditions than an unmodified flight path, thereby improving coverage and throughput. For example, by defining radio conditions to include cellular coverage levels, network nodes can optimize cellular coverage along the (modified) flight path. By configuring modifications based on requested radio conditions, network nodes can provide coverage that satisfies quality of service metrics, parameters desired by the UE (such as frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power headroom), or combinations thereof.

[0066] In some respects, by providing a second configuration for mobility operations in association with flight path information, network nodes can reduce the number of handovers, improve handover efficiency, or ensure that the UE is handed over to the appropriate cell when traversing a given flight path. Therefore, a configuration can be provided to the UE that offers conditional handover at optimal handover time or lower-layer triggered mobility.

[0067] In some respects, by providing configurations derived from the target cell type of mobility operations (e.g., handover criteria or cell reselection criteria), network nodes can configure the UE to perform mobility to the target cell in a manner that reduces the number of handovers (thereby reducing overhead and latency) or avoids areas with coverage below a threshold. For example, configuring the UE according to the target cell type (which may indicate the cell size of the target cell for mobility operations, whether the target cell is associated with an NTN or a terrestrial network, whether the target cell is a high-altitude platform station cell, or whether the target cell is an unmanned aerial vehicle cell) enables network nodes to perform mobility operations to various types of target cells, thereby ensuring coverage with minimal handovers and avoiding blackout areas.

[0068] In some respects, using AI / ML models to generate output information can provide improved scalability, parallel processing capabilities, and dynamic responses to dynamically changing network conditions. For example, AI / ML models can accept continuous input via reports from UEs or network nodes and can accept information about the current network configuration. Based on these inputs, AI / ML models can output reconfigurations for UEs or network nodes, enabling RANs or UEs to reconfigure at time scales and granularities that are otherwise impossible.

[0069] Multiple access radio access technology (RAT) has been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports a variety of technologies and use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0070] With increasing demand for broadband access and the evolution of technologies supported by wireless communication networks, further technological improvements can be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs (such as 6G) to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a variety of existing and new use cases and applications. These technological improvements can be associated with new frequency band extensions, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, decomposed network architectures and network topology extensions, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced-capacity (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), and more. Such technological improvements can support use cases such as wireless backhaul, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta-services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communications, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and collaborative manipulation, sensor networks, posture monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, digital twin applications, asset management, and general coverage applications using off-ground and / or aerial platforms, etc. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein can implement one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0071] Figure 1This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, etc. The wireless communication network 100 may include a plurality of network nodes 110, shown as network node (NN) 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d. Network nodes 110 may support communication with a plurality of UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e).

[0072] Network nodes 110 and UEs 120 of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, carriers, and / or channels according to frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless communication network 100 can support a specific radio access technology (RAT) (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and can operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include 4G RAT, 5G / NR RAT, and / or 6G RAT, etc. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographical area, each RAT in that geographical area can operate on a different frequency to avoid interference with each other.

[0073] Various operating frequency bands have been defined as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in some documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, in some documents and articles, FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band, but this is different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as the mid-band frequencies, including FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 or FR2 characteristics, thereby effectively extending the characteristics of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Therefore, "below 6 GHz" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, and / or included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term "millimeter wave" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies included in mid-band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, and / or within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands can extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs above 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 can implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), where multiple RATs (e.g., 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented within a single frequency band using dynamic bandwidth allocation (e.g., based on user demand). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1 and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0074] Network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of wireless communication network 100. Network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, 5G network node, 6G network node, node B, eNB, gNB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), mobility element, core, network entity, network element, network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN).

[0075] Network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (e.g., a single physical structure) or as two or more physical nodes (e.g., two or more different physical structures). For example, network node 110 may be a device or system implementing a portion of a radio protocol stack, a device or system implementing a complete radio protocol stack (such as a complete gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems collectively implementing a complete radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (with an aggregated architecture), meaning that network node 110 can implement a complete radio protocol stack physically and logically integrated within a single node (e.g., a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses the complete radio protocol stack to implement or facilitate communication between UE 120 and the core network of wireless communication network 100.

[0076] Alternatively, and also as shown in the figure, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 can realize a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same or different geographic locations. For example, a decomposed network node may have a decomposed architecture. In some deployments, decomposed network node 110 may be used in integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks, in open radio access networks (O-RAN) (such as network configurations compliant with the O-RAN Alliance), or in virtualized radio access networks (vRAN) (also referred to as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling by decomposing base station functionality into multiple units that can be deployed independently.

[0077] Network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). CUs may host one or more higher-layer control functions, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. DUs may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as functional splits defined by 3GPP). In some examples, DUs may also host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, etc. RUs may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as FFT, iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc., according to functional splits (such as lower-layer functional splits). In this type of architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s.

[0078] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may include one or more near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more non-real-time (non-RT) RICs. In some examples, CUs, DUs, and / or RUs may be implemented as virtual units, such as Virtual Central Units (VCUs), Virtual Distributed Units (VDUs), or Virtual Radio Units (VRUs), etc. Virtual units may be implemented as virtual network functions, such as those associated with cloud deployments.

[0079] Some network nodes 110 (e.g., base stations, RUs, or TRPs) can provide communication coverage for specific geographic areas. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or to network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, network node 110 can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, or another type of cell. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and can allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femto cell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). The network node 110 used for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. Network node 110 used for a picocell may be referred to as a pico network node. Network node 110 used for a femtocell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. In some examples, the cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographical area of ​​the cell may be mobile based on the location of the associated mobile network node 110 (e.g., a train, satellite base station, unmanned aerial vehicle, or non-terrestrial network (NTN) network node).

[0080] The wireless communication network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, piconet nodes, femtonet nodes, relay network nodes, aggregation network nodes, and / or decomposition network nodes, etc. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a can be a macro network node for macro cell 130a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for pico cell 130b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for femto cell 130c. Compared to other types of network nodes 110, the various types of network nodes 110 typically transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different effects on interference in the wireless communication network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0081] In some examples, network node 110 may be, may include, or operate as a RU, TRP, or base station communicating with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a "Uu" link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication direction from network node 110 to UE 120, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication direction from UE 120 to network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. Downlink control channels may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink data channels may be used to transmit downlink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from network node 110 to UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCH), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCH). The uplink channel may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. The uplink control channel can be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from UE 120 to network node 110 (e.g., transmitting corresponding reference signals and / or feedback with one or more downlinks). The uplink data channel can be used to transmit uplink data (e.g., user data associated with UE 120) from UE 120 to network node 110. The uplink control channel may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCH), and the uplink data channel may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH). The downlink and uplink may each include a set of resources on which network node 110 and UE 120 can communicate.

[0082] Downlink and uplink resources may include time-domain resources (frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols), frequency-domain resources (bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial-domain resources (specific transmission directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency-domain resources in some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth portions (BWPs). A BWP may be a contiguous block of frequency-domain resources allocated to one or more UEs 120 (e.g., a contiguous block of resource blocks). UEs 120 may be configured using both uplink and downlink BWPs (where the uplink and downlink BWPs may be the same BWP or different BWPs). BWPs may be dynamically configured and / or reconfigured (e.g., by sending DCI configuration to one or more UEs 120 via network node 110), meaning that BWPs may be adjusted in real-time (or near real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. This allows for more efficient use of available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100, as fewer frequency domain resources can be allocated to the BWP for UE 120 (which reduces the number of frequency domain resources that UE 120 needs to monitor), thus allowing more frequency domain resources to be distributed across multiple UE 120s. Therefore, the BWP can also assist in the implementation of such UE 120s by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communications performed by lower-capacity UE 120s.

[0083] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an IAB network, may include an IAB network, or may be included in an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node communicating with a core network. The anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or "IAB donor"). The anchor network node 110 may be connected to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, the Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, the anchor network node 110 may be connected to one or more devices in the core network that provide core access and mobility management functions (AMF). An IAB network typically also includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply IAB nodes (or "IAB-nodes"). Each non-anchor network node 110 can directly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or can indirectly communicate with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and an associated wireless backhaul link forming a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network nodes 110 or other non-anchor network nodes 110 can also directly communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a wireless access link carrying access services. In some examples, network resources used for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) can be shared between the access link and the backhaul link.

[0084] In some examples, any network node 110 relaying communication may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply a repeater. A repeater may receive communications from an upstream station (e.g., another network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit communications to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a "multi-hop network." Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 can be a relay station capable of relaying transmissions to or from other UE 120s, or can operate as such a relay station. UE 120 relaying communication can be referred to as a UE repeater or relay UE, etc.

[0085] UE 120 may be physically distributed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may be, may include, an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be, or may include, a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet device, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband and / or smart jewelry (such as a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device and / or a satellite radio), an extended reality (XR) device, a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that can communicate via a wireless medium, or may be coupled to them.

[0086] UE 120 and / or network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs), and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors that can be configured or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor that can be configured or configured to perform a first function in the set, and a second processor that can be configured or configured to perform a second function in the set, or may include the entire group of processors that are configured or configured to perform the set of functions.

[0087] The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as "memory" or collectively as "memory" or "memory circuitry"). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors in the processor (e.g., operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) and may store processor-executable code (such as software) individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors in the processor, may configure one or more processors in the processor to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors in the processor may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without being configured by software. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems among the modems. The processing system may also include, or be coupled to, multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas among multiple antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers. UE 120 may be included or may be contained in a housing that houses components associated with UE 120, including the processing system.

[0088] Some UEs 120 may be considered Machine Type Communication (MTC) UEs, Evolved or Enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) UEs, Further Enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or Enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be referred to simply as "MTC UEs". MTC UEs may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, remote devices, sensors, instruments, monitors, and / or location tags. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) devices. IoT UEs or NB-IoT devices may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with the following: industrial machines, appliances, refrigerators, doorbell camera devices, home automation devices, and / or lighting fixtures, etc. Some UEs 120 may be considered customer premises equipment, which may include telecommunications equipment installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider’s network (such as being included in or communicating with the wireless communication network 100).

[0089] Some UEs 120 can be categorized according to different categories associated with varying levels of complexity and / or capabilities. UEs 120 in the first category facilitate large-scale IoT within the wireless communication network 100 and offer lower complexity and / or lower cost compared to UEs 120 in the second category. UEs 120 in the second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-level UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs capable of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and / or precise positioning, etc., within the wireless communication network 100. UEs 120 in the third category may have intermediate-level complexity and / or capabilities (e.g., capabilities between UEs 120 in the first category and UEs 120 in the second category). UEs 120 in the third category may be referred to as reduced-capability UEs (“RedCap UEs”), intermediate-level UEs, NR lightweight UEs, and / or NR simplified UEs, etc. RedCap UEs bridge the gap in capabilities and complexity between NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs can include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras associated with limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range. RedCap UEs can support healthcare environments, building automation, power distribution, process automation, transportation and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among others.

[0090] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly with each other using sidelink communication (e.g., without communicating through a network node 110 acting as an intermediary). As an example, UE 120a can send data, control information, or other signaling directly to UE 120e as sidelink communication. This contrasts with, for example, UE 120a first sending data to network node 110 in UL communication, and then that network node sending data to UE 120e in DL communication. In various examples, UE 120 can use peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols to send and receive sidelink communication. In some deployments and configurations, network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communication between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, UE 120 (instead of network node 110) may perform or cooperate with or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communication.

[0091] In various examples, in addition to half-duplex operation, some network nodes and UEs in the wireless communication network 100, including network node 110 and UE 120, can also be configured for full-duplex operation. Network node 110 or UE 120 operating in half-duplex mode can perform only one of transmission or reception during a specific time resource period (such as a specific time slot, symbol, or other time period). Half-duplex operation may involve time division duplex (TDD), where the DL transmission of network node 110 and the UL transmission of UE 120 do not occur in the same time resource (i.e., the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, network node 110 or UE 120 operating in full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (e.g., within the same time resource). By operating in full-duplex mode, network node 110 and / or UE 120 can generally increase the capacity of the network and radio access links. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency division duplex (FDD), in which network node 110 performs DL transmission in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier, and UE 120 performs transmission in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier, the second frequency band or the second component carrier being different from the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for UE 120 but not for network node 110. For example, UE 120 may simultaneously transmit UL to the first network node 110 and receive DL transmissions from the second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for network node 110 but not for UE 120. For example, network node 110 may simultaneously transmit DL to the first UE 120 and receive UL transmissions from the second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both network node 110 and UE 120.

[0092] In some examples, UE 120 and network node 110 can perform MIMO communication. "MIMO" generally refers to the simultaneous transmission or reception of multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) using the same time and frequency resources. MIMO technology typically utilizes multipath propagation. MIMO can be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO can support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, which is called multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some radio access technologies (RATs) can employ advanced MIMO techniques such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time or frequency domain, single-frequency network (SFN) transmission, or noncoherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0093] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive modifications to the flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and trigger movement of the UE in connection with the modifications to the flight path information. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0094] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive a second configuration for mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform mobility operations according to the second configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0095] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may send configurations associated with mobility operations of a UE, wherein the UE is associated with a UAV, and wherein the configurations are derived from a target cell type for mobility operations; and communicate according to the configuration for mobility operations. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0096] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may receive input information about the RAN providing coverage for the UAV UE, wherein the input information includes at least one of an MDT report, a SON report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; use an AI / ML model and the input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates the reconfiguration of at least one of the following: the network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and configure at least one of the network node or the UAV UE based on the output information. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0097] In some respects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may receive flight path information about the UE's flight path; and transmit modifications to the flight path information in connection with radio conditions associated with the flight path. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0098] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive a first configuration for mobility operations; transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path; receive a second configuration for mobility operations in association with the flight path information; and perform mobility operations according to the second configuration. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0099] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0100] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 communicating with an example UE 120 in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0101] like Figure 2 As shown, network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a to 232t, where t≥1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a to 234v, where v≥1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, etc. In some configurations, one or a combination of antennas 234, modems 232, MIMO detectors 236, receive processors 238, transmit processors 214, and / or TX MIMO processors 216 may be included in the transceiver of network node 110. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 240), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures and / or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 242. In some respects, network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components and / or other components that facilitate communication with UE 120 or another network node.

[0102] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, references to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” etc. (in the singular) should be understood as referring to a combination of… Figure 2 The processor described refers to any one or more processors, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as a combination of references. Figure 2Any one or more processors described herein. For example, one or more processors of network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0103] In some aspects, a single processor can perform all operations described as being performed by one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of one or more processors can perform a first operation described as being performed by that one or more processors, and a second set of one or more processors can perform a second operation described as being performed by that one or more processors. The processors in the first set and the processors in the second set can be the same set of processors or can be different sets of processors. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as combined... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, an operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0104] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, transmit processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for use by UE 120 (or a set of UEs including UE 120) from data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or data queue). In some examples, transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for UE 120 based on one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process the data (e.g., including encoding the data) based on the MCS selected for UE 120 for transmission to UE 120 on the downlink, thereby generating data symbols. Transmit processor 214 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmitting processor 214 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), or channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)).

[0105] The TX MIMO processor 216 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and can provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream can be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 can use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a time-domain downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t can transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) together via a set of corresponding antennas 234.

[0106] Downlink signals may include DCI communication, MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, RRC communication, downlink reference signals, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on the PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. Downlink signals may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a data unit transmitted via the air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (e.g., from data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission via the air interface. The number of TBs used to carry data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size shared by multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on the radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used to encode the data, downlink resources allocated for transmitting data, and / or other parameters, or otherwise associated with them. Generally, a larger TB size allows for a larger amount of data to be transmitted in a single transmission, reducing signaling overhead. However, a larger TB size may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than a smaller TB size, but such errors can be mitigated through more robust error correction techniques.

[0107] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the uplink signal from UE 120 may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected where applicable by MIMO detector 236 (e.g., receive (Rx) MIMO processor), and / or further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to processors such as controller / processor 240.

[0108] Network node 110 may use scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some aspects, scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to and / or UL transmissions from UE 120. In some examples, scheduler 246 may allocate repetitive time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources that UE 120 may use for transmitting and / or receiving communication with RRC configuration (e.g., semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure configuration grant (CG) for UE 120.

[0109] One or more of the following may be included in the RF chain of network node 110: transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. The RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices for converting analog signals (such as those used for transmission or reception via an air interface) to digital signals (such as those used for processing by one or more processors of network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be a transceiver of network node 110, or may be included in such a transceiver.

[0110] In some examples, network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to communicate with the core network and / or other network nodes. Communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, fiber optic, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), and / or wired or wireless backhaul, etc. Network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to send and / or receive data associated with UE 120, or to execute network control signaling, etc. Communication unit 244 may include transceivers and / or interfaces, such as network interfaces.

[0111] UE 120 may include a collection of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r, where r ≥ 1), a collection of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a to 254u, where u ≥ 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, etc. One or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver included in UE 120. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 280), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures, or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 282. In some respects, UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0112] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, the set of antennas 252 can receive downlink communication or signals from network node 110 and can provide a set of received downlink signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254. For example, each received signal can be provided to a corresponding demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 can use the corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 can use the corresponding demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from the set of modems 254, can perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and can provide the detected symbols. The receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application running on the UE 120), and provide the decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.

[0113] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the transmitting processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from data source 262 (such as data pipelines, data queues, and / or applications running on UE 120) and control information from controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receiving processor 258 and / or controller / processor 280 may determine one or more parameters related to the transmission of uplink communication for received signals (such as those received from network node 110 or another UE). One or more parameters may include a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameter, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter, a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameter, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) parameter, or a Transmit Power Control (TPC) parameter, etc. The control information may include indications of RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, TPC, and / or another parameter. Control information can facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for UE 120 by network node 110.

[0114] Transmitter 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as uplink DMRS, uplink SRS, and / or another type of reference signal. Symbols from transmitter 264 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, and further processed by an assembly of modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM). TX MIMO processor 266 may (where applicable) perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, and may provide an assembly of output symbol streams (e.g., U output symbol streams) to the assembly of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use a corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0115] Modems 254a to 254u can transmit a set of uplink signals (e.g., R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via a set of corresponding antennas 252. Uplink signals may include UCI communication, MAC-CE communication, RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals can be transmitted on PUSCH, PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. Uplink signals can carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmission (i.e., transmission directly between two or more UEs 120) typically uses techniques similar to those described for uplink data and control transmission and may use sidelink-specific channels such as the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH).

[0116] One or more antennas in the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or with one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...) Figure 2 An antenna module is a combination of one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more components. As used herein, "antenna" can mean one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. "Antenna panel" can mean a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel that can facilitate beamforming by manipulating the parameters of that group of antennas. "Antenna module" can mean a circuit that includes one or more antennas, and may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0117] In some examples, each antenna element of antenna 234 or antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element, which can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. Antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. The spacing between antenna elements can allow signals with a desired wavelength transmitted individually by the antenna elements to interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam) in various directions. For example, given a desired wavelength or frequency range, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half a wavelength, or another fraction of the wavelength between adjacent antenna elements to allow desired constructive and destructive interference modes of signals transmitted by individual antenna elements within that desired range.

[0118] The amplitude and / or phase of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements can be modulated and (e.g., by manipulating phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes) shifted relative to each other to generate one or more beams; this is known as beamforming. The term "beam" can refer to the directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. "Beam" can also generally refer to the direction associated with such directional signal transmission, the set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (e.g., angle of arrival, horizontal direction, and / or vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters indicating one or more aspects of the directional signal, the direction associated with the signal, and / or the set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements can be individually selected or deselected for the directional transmission of a signal (or multiple signals) by controlling the amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or the phase of the signal to form one or more beams. The shape of the beam (such as amplitude, width, and / or the presence of sidelobes) and / or the direction of the beam (such as the angle of the beam relative to the surface of the antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of multiple signals relative to each other.

[0119] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. As another example, network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or different numbers of antenna elements. Generally speaking, a larger number of antenna elements provides increased control over the parameters used for beamforming compared to a smaller number of antenna elements, while a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and can use less power. Multiple antenna elements can support multi-layer transmission, in which the same time and frequency resources are used to utilize spatial multiplexing to transmit a first layer of communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of communication (which may include a second data stream).

[0120] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0121] Figure 3 This is an illustration of an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. One or more components of the example decomposed base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such as one or more network nodes 110). The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or may communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more decomposed control units (such as non-RT RIC 350 and / or near-RT RIC 370 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 360 (e.g., via an E2 link)). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DU 330s via a corresponding midhaul link (such as via an F1 interface). Each DU 330 may communicate with one or more RU 340s via a corresponding fronthaul link. Each RU 340 may communicate with one or more UE 120s via a corresponding RF access link. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0122] Each component in the decomposed base station architecture 300 (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, near-RT RIC 370, non-RT RIC 350, and SMO frame 360) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via wired or wireless transmission media.

[0123] In some respects, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be deployed to communicate with one or more DU 330s for network control and signaling, as needed. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. For example, the DU 330 may host various layers, such as the RLC layer, MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers (such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers). Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) can be implemented using an interface for signaling to other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for signaling to control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some respects, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of communication with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0124] The SMO framework 360 supports RAN deployment and provisioning for both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 supports the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 360 can interact with cloud computing platforms such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 350, and / or near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO framework 360 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, 5G NR RAN, and / or 6G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 380) via the O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO framework 360 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via the corresponding O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration enables each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0125] The non-RT RIC 350 may include or implement logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the near-RT RIC 370. The non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 370, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 370 may include or implement logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and actions, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, and / or O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 370.

[0126] In some respects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 370, the non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 370 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 360 or the non-RT RIC 350. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 350 or near-RT RIC 370 may modulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0127] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0128] Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Network node 110, its controller / processor 240, UE 120, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more technologies associated with the UAV UE or perform one or more operations associated with the UAV UE, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, network node 110's controller / processor 240, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, or any other component may implement one or more technologies associated with the UAV UE or perform one or more operations associated with the UAV UE, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Figure 2 Any other component, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 may (alone or in combination with one or more other processors) perform or direct, for example... Figures 11 to 16The operation of the process or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 may store data and program code for network node 110, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340. Memory 282 may store data and program code for UE 120. In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction sets (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. Memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). Memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). For example, the instruction set may be made to be executed by one or more processors of network node 110, UE 120, CU 310, DU 330, or RU 340 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation). Figures 11 to 16 The process may be as described herein or other processes. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions, and / or interpret instructions, etc.

[0129] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating example 400 of flight path information associated with a flight path according to this disclosure. Example 400 illustrates a series of waypoints (labeled wp1, wp2, wp3, wp4, wp5, and wp6). Each waypoint is associated with a corresponding time (denoted as t1 to t6). The series of waypoints and times may be defined or otherwise based on the flight path. UE 120 (e.g., a UAV UE associated with a UAV) may move along the flight path. UE 120 may transmit flight path information identifying the flight path. For example, the flight path information may indicate waypoints (e.g., via coordinate information or other location information), time, or other information defining the flight path.

[0130] In some respects, UE 120 may report flight path information based on deviation from the flight path. Deviation from the flight path is illustrated by reference numeral 405. In this example, UE 120 deviates from the flight path defined by a series of waypoints by at least a threshold distance (δ). x,y,z Therefore, UE 120 can report one or more updated waypoints or modifications to flight path information (e.g., wp3', wp4', and wp5').

[0131] As indicated above, Figure 4 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0132] Figure 5This is a diagram illustrating an example of a UAV UE 120 within a wireless communication network environment 500 according to this disclosure. For example... Figure 5 As shown, environment 500 may include one or more UEs 120 (which may include one or more UAVs 120-1 and one or more UAV controllers (UAV-C) 120-2), RAN 505, core network 520, UAV service provider (USS) equipment 515, and ground control system (GCS) 510. The equipment in environment 500 may be interconnected via wired connections, wireless connections, or a combination of wired and wireless connections.

[0133] UAV 120-1 (also referred to herein as UAV UE 120-1) may include an aircraft without a human pilot on board and may also be referred to as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UA), remotely piloted aircraft (RPV), remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), remotely operated aircraft (ROA), or unmanned air vehicle. UAV 120-1 can have various shapes, sizes, configurations, characteristics, etc., for a variety of purposes and applications. In some examples, UAV 120-1 may include one or more sensors, such as electromagnetic spectrum sensors (e.g., visual spectral, infrared or near-infrared cameras, radar systems, etc.), biosensors, temperature sensors, and / or chemical sensors. In some examples, UAV 120-1 may include one or more components for communicating with one or more network nodes 110. Additionally or alternatively, UAV 120-1 may send information to and / or receive information from GCS 510, such as sensor data, flight plan information, etc. Such information may be communicated directly (e.g., via RRC signals, etc.) and / or via network node 110 on RAN 505. UAV 120-1 may be a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The UAS may include UAV 120-1, UAV-C 120-2 (also referred to herein as UAV-C UE 120-2), and a communication system (such as wireless communication network environment 500 or another communication system) between UAV 120-1 and UAV-C 120-2.

[0134] RAN 505 may include one or more network nodes 110 that provide access for UAV UE 120 to core network 520. For example, RAN 505 may include one or more aggregated network nodes and / or one or more decomposed network nodes (e.g., including one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs). UAV 120-1 may communicate with network nodes 110 via a Uu interface. For example, UAV 120-1 may send communications to and / or receive communications from network nodes 110 via the Uu interface. Such Uu connectivity can be used to support different applications for UAV 120-1, such as video transmission from UAV 120-1 or C2 communication for remote command and control of UAV 120-1.

[0135] GCS 510 may include one or more devices capable of managing flight plans for UAV 120-1 and / or UAV 120-1. For example, GCS 510 may include server equipment, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or similar equipment. In some examples, GCS 510 may communicate with one or more devices in environment 500 (e.g., UAV 120-1, USS device 515, etc.) to receive information about flight plans for UAV 120-1 and / or provide recommendations associated with such flight plans, as described elsewhere herein. In some examples, GCS 510 may (e.g., via UAV-C 120-2) allow a user to control one or more UAVs in UAV 120-1. Additionally or alternatively, GCS 510 may use neural networks and / or other artificial intelligence (AI) to control one or more UAVs in UAV 120-1. In some examples, GCS 510 may be included in a data center, cloud computing environment, server farm, etc., which may include multiple GCS 510s. Figure 5 The diagram shows GCS 510 residing outside the core network 520, but in some respects, GCS 510 may reside at least partially within the core network 520.

[0136] USS device 515 includes one or more devices capable of receiving, storing, processing, and / or providing information associated with UAV UE 120 and / or GCS 510. For example, USS device 515 may include an application server, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, mobile phone, or similar device. In some examples, UAV 120-1 may interact with USS device 515 to register flight plans, receive approvals, analyses, and / or recommendations related to flight plans, etc. USS device 515 may register UAV UE 120 with USS device 515 by assigning an application-level UAV identifier to UAV UE 120. The application-level UAV identifier may be an aviation administration (e.g., a regulatory agency that manages aviation operations in the jurisdiction where USS device 515 and UAV UE 120 are operating) UAV identifier.

[0137] Core network 520 includes networks that enable communication between RAN 505 (e.g., network node 110) and one or more devices and / or networks connected to core network 520. For example, core network 520 may be a 5G core network. Core network 520 may include one or more core network devices 525, such as one or more Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) (hereinafter referred to as "AMF" 530), one or more Network Opening Functions (NEF) (hereinafter referred to as "NEF" 535), one or more Session Management Functions (SMF) (hereinafter referred to as "SMF" 540), one or more Policy Control Functions (PCF) (hereinafter referred to as "PCF" 545), and / or other entities and / or functions that provide mobility functionality to UAV UE 120 and enable UAV UE 120 to communicate with other devices in environment 500.

[0138] The AMF 530 may include one or more network devices, such as one or more server devices, capable of managing authentication, activation, deactivation, and / or mobility functions associated with the UAV UE 120 connected to the core network 520. In some examples, the AMF 530 may perform operations related to authentication of the UAV 120-1. The AMF 530 may maintain a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling connection with the UAV 120-1.

[0139] NEF 535 may include one or more network opening devices, such as one or more server devices, capable of opening up capabilities, events, information, etc., in one or more wireless networks to help other devices in those wireless networks discover network services and / or efficiently utilize network resources. In some examples, NEF 535 may receive and / or transmit services to UAV 120-1 via AMF 530 and network node 110, and NEF 535 may receive and / or transmit services to USS device 515 via UAS Network Function (UAS-NF) 560. In some examples, NEF 535 may obtain data structures (such as approval of flight plans for UAV 120-1) from USS device 515 and divide those data structures into multiple data segments. In some examples, NEF 535 may determine the location and / or reachability of UAV 120-1 and / or the communication capabilities of network node 110 to determine how to transmit multiple data segments to UAV 120-1.

[0140] The SMF 540 may include one or more network devices, such as one or more server devices, capable of managing sessions on the RAN 505 and assigning addresses (such as Internet Protocol (IP) addresses) to the UAV 120-1. In some examples, the SMF 540 may perform operations related to registration with the UAV 120-1. For instance, the AMF 530 may receive a registration request from the UAV 120-1 and forward the request to the SMF 540 to create a corresponding Packet Data Unit (PDU) session. The SMF 540 may assign an address to the UAV 120-1 and establish a PDU session for the AMF 530.

[0141] PCF 545 may include one or more network devices, such as one or more server devices, capable of managing traffic to and from UAV UE 120 via RAN 505 and implementing QoS on RAN 505. In some examples, PCF 545 may implement charging rules and flow control rules, manage traffic priorities, and / or manage QoS for UAV 120-1.

[0142] USS device 515 can communicate with core network 520 using UAS-NF 560. UAS-NF 560 can be a service-based interface enabling USS device 515 to provide information to core network 520. For example, USS device 515 can provide registration information associated with the registration between UAV 120-1 and USS device 515 via UAS-NF 560. UAS-NF 560 can be a device external to core network 520, such as a server device, or UAS-NF 560 can reside at least partially within core network device 525 within core network 520. In some aspects, UAS-NF 560 may co-located with NEF 535.

[0143] UAV-C 120-2 can remotely control UAV 120-2 by sending C2 communications to and / or receiving C2 communications from UAV 120-1. In some examples, UAV-C 120-2 and UAV 120-1 can communicate via the Uu interface for C2 communication. For example, UAV-C 120-2 can send C2 communications to (and receive C2 communications from) UAV 120-1 via network node 110. In some examples, UAV-C 120-2 and UAV 120-1 can communicate via non-cellular communication systems (e.g., non-3GPP connections) such as Wi-Fi for C2 communication. Currently, in the specifications published by 3GPP, NR does not support sending C2 communications via the PC5 interface. However, in some cases, UAV-C 120-2 may be able to communicate via the PC5 interface, but may not have Uu capability. Furthermore, since PC5 can cover a longer distance than Wi-Fi, sending C2 communication via PC5 unicast communication may result in an increased range of C2 communication compared to Wi-Fi. Additionally, sending C2 communication via PC5 unicast communication (e.g., via a direct PC5 link between UAV 120-1 and UAV-C 120-2) can reduce latency compared to sending C2 communication via network node 110 using the Uu interface.

[0144] As indicated above, Figure 5 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0145] Figure 6 This is an illustration of example 600 of signaling for modifying the flight path of a UE according to this disclosure. Example 600 includes UE 120 (e.g., UAV UE) and network node 110 (e.g., RAN 505).

[0146] like Figure 6As shown by reference numeral 605 in the attached figure, UE 120 can send flight path information about its flight path, and network node 110 can receive flight path information about the UE's flight path. For example, regarding... Figure 4 As described, the flight path information may include information about one or more waypoints indicating the flight path, time information corresponding to the one or more waypoints, etc. In some aspects, network node 110 may receive at least a portion of the flight path information from an entity other than UE 120, such as an OEM or service provider associated with UE 120.

[0147] As indicated by reference numeral 610, in some aspects, UE 120 may transmit information indicating requested radio conditions. For example, the information indicating requested radio conditions may include indications of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, such as desired throughput, desired block error rate (BLER), desired latency, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, QoS parameters are related to the UE's application layer. For example, QoS parameters may indicate QoS requirements related to the application of UE 120. Additionally or alternatively, the information indicating requested radio conditions may include indications of cell parameters, such as indications of frequency ranges (e.g., sub-6 GHz frequency ranges or FR2 frequency ranges), subcarrier spacing, power clearance (PHR) values, or combinations thereof, which may be referred to as radio parameters. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit information indicating requested radio conditions via UE auxiliary information or another form of signaling (e.g., Layer 2 signaling). Thus, UE 120 may signal information indicating desired parameters (which may vary depending on the application of the UAV).

[0148] As shown by reference numeral 615, network node 110 can send modifications to flight path information, and UE 120 can receive such modifications. For example, network node 110 can send information indicating the modifications via RRC signaling (such as an RRC reconfiguration message), System Information Block (SIB) broadcast (e.g., for group handling), C2 signaling, etc. In some aspects, the modifications can alter the flight path defined by the flight path information. For example, the modifications can change the location of waypoints in the flight path. As another example, the modifications can add waypoints to the flight path (e.g., to allow UE 120 or UAV to traverse areas with satisfactory coverage). As another example, the modifications can remove waypoints from the flight path (e.g., to allow UE 120 to avoid areas with unsatisfactory coverage). As another example, the modifications can indicate a change in altitude for the operation of UE 120. For example, the modifications can instruct the UE to move from a first altitude (e.g., H1) to a modified altitude (e.g., H1 minus an increment), which improves coverage. For example, the modifications can include commands to move to different altitudes.

[0149] In some aspects, modifications to flight path information can be based on AI / ML models. For example, network node 110 can generate modifications to flight path information based on the output information from an AI / ML model, such as regarding... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As described. As another example, network node 110 may receive configurations such as those generated by an AI / ML model, as described above. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As described.

[0150] In some respects, network node 110 may reconfigure itself or another network node 110 based on flight path information or requested radio conditions. For example, network node 110 may reconfigure the scheduling mode of one or more cells to satisfy QoS parameters or cell parameters requested by UE 120. As another example, network node 110 may activate or deactivate one or more BWPs, component carriers, or cells (such as to increase bandwidth to the network) to satisfy QoS parameters or cell parameters. As yet another example, network node 110 may modify the beamwidth of the beams generated by network node 110, or may increase the number of beams or change the number of beams, such as to improve flight path coverage or modify the flight path of UE 120.

[0151] In some aspects, UE 120 may negotiate modifications to flight path information. For example, UE 120 may receive a first modification to the flight path information. In some aspects, this first modification may not be suitable for UE 120. For example, the first modification may alter the flight path such that UE 120 exceeds the UAV's remaining flight time, the battery life of UE 120 or the UAV, etc. In some aspects, UE 120 may send a negotiation message indicating changes associated with the first modification. For example, UE 120 may provide an indication of battery life or remaining flight time. As another example, UE 120 may provide modifications to waypoints or times, such as waypoints or times modified by the first modification. In some aspects, network node 110 may send a second modification after receiving the negotiation message. For example, network node 110 may modify the flight path as indicated by the negotiation message. As another example, network node 110 may modify the flight path based on the negotiation message (e.g., by modifying the flight path to avoid areas indicated as inaccessible due to UE 120's remaining flight time).

[0152] As shown by reference numeral 620, UE 120 may trigger movement of UE 120 in association with modifications to flight path information. For example, UE 120 may control the corresponding UAV to implement a flight path according to the modifications to the flight path information. As another example, UE 120 may provide the UAV motion tracker (e.g., a GPS-assisted UAV motion tracker) with modifications to the flight path information (or an indication of an updated flight path based on the modifications). For example, UE 120 may update the route information of the UAV and may provide the updated route information to the UAV motion tracker. The UAV motion tracker may include components for tracking and / or controlling the movement of the UAV (at or away from the UAV). For example, the UAV motion tracker may provide instructions to control the movement of the UAV. As another example, the UAV motion tracker may track the movement of the UAV and may determine whether the UAV has deviated from the flight path by a threshold amount, such as in conjunction with... Figure 4 As described.

[0153] As indicated above, Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0154] Figure 7 This is an illustration of example 700 of signaling for modifying the flight path of a UE according to this disclosure. Example 700 includes UE 120 (e.g., UAV UE) and network node 110 (e.g., RAN 505).

[0155] As shown by reference numeral 705, network node 110 may send a first configuration for mobility operations, and UE 120 may receive the first configuration for mobility operations. In some aspects, mobility operations may include conditional handover (sometimes abbreviated as "CHO"). In conditional handover, UE 120 may determine to perform handover when certain conditions are met. In other words, UE 120 may perform conditional handover when certain conditions (configured via the first configuration) are met. UE 120 may begin evaluating the execution conditions after receiving the conditional handover configuration (e.g., the first configuration) from source network node 110a. UE 120 may stop evaluating the execution conditions after performing conditional handover. Conditional handover may differ from conventional handover because conventional handover can be directly triggered by the network in response to a measurement report from UE 120, while conditional handover can be triggered by the satisfaction of certain conditions, which reduces the overhead and latency associated with handover. In the context of UAV UE, the conditions of CHO may include height conditions (e.g., H1, H2, and hysteresis values ​​of the height conditions).

[0156] In some aspects, mobility operations may include lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) operations. In LTM operations, the UE120 may be configured with multiple candidate cells (via a first configuration). Mobility to these candidate cells may be triggered via dynamic signaling, which differs from conventional handover in that conventional handover signaling is typically handled via semi-static (e.g., RRC) signaling.

[0157] As indicated by reference numeral 710 in the attached figure, UE 120 can send flight path information about its flight path, and network node 110 can receive the flight path information about the UE's flight path. Combined with... Figure 6 The transmission of flight path information will be described in more detail. The transmission of flight path information may include information about... Figure 6 The flight path information sent in the description refers to either the message sent or the information sent.

[0158] As shown by reference numeral 715, network node 110 may transmit a second configuration for mobility operations, and UE 120 may receive the second configuration for mobility operations. The second configuration may be associated with flight path information. For example, network node 110 may use flight path information to generate the second configuration. More specifically, network node 110 may reconfigure a CHO (such as one or more conditions of a CHO) based on the altitude or location of UE 120 to improve CHO execution (e.g., to optimize handover time for seamless CHO execution). In this example, the CHO may be configured to cause UE 120 to move early enough to a cell on the UE's flight path to ensure radio connectivity along waypoints identified by the flight path information. As another example, network node 110 may configure one or more candidate cells for LTM operations to improve coverage for UE 120. In some aspects, the second configuration may indicate one or more updated values ​​of one or more parameters of the first configuration. In some aspects, network node 110 may generate or provide the second configuration based on the flight paths of multiple UEs. For example, multiple UEs can report their flight paths to network node 110, and network node 110 can update CHO conditions (specific to a particular UE or for multiple UEs) or reconfigure LTM operations based on the flight paths of the multiple UEs. For example, network node 110 can update CHO conditions or reconfigure LTM operations to enable effective load balancing of UEs among cells, and to ensure that UEs are adequately covered by one or more cells or beams.

[0159] In some respects, the second configuration can be based on an AI / ML model. For example, network node 110 can generate the second configuration based on the output information from an AI / ML model, such as regarding... Figure 9 and Figure 10As described. As another example, network node 110 may receive a second configuration, such as that generated by an AI / ML model, as per [the description]. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As described.

[0160] As shown by reference numeral 720 in the accompanying drawings, UE 120 and / or network node 110 perform mobility operations according to a second configuration. For example, UE 120 may update one or more CHO conditions according to the second configuration, and / or may perform a CHO based on the satisfaction of one or more CHO conditions. As another example, UE 120 may update LTM operations (e.g., one or more candidate cells, etc.) according to the second configuration, and / or may perform LTM operations according to the second configuration.

[0161] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0162] Figure 8 This is an illustration of example 800 of signaling for mobility associated with a target cell type according to this disclosure. Example 800 includes UE 120 (e.g., UAV UE) and network node 110 (e.g., RAN 505).

[0163] The target cell type indicates the type of cell that the UE 120 will hand over to when performing mobility operations. For example, the target cell type may indicate the cell size of the target cell (e.g., macro cell, micro cell, or another cell size described herein). As another example, the target cell type may indicate whether the target cell is part of an NTN or a terrestrial network (TN). In some respects, an NTN cell can be a macro cell, while a TN cell can be a micro cell. In some respects, a macro cell can provide a wider coverage area than a micro cell, while a micro cell can provide higher capacity than a macro cell. As another example, the target cell type may indicate whether the target cell is a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) cell (i.e., a cell provided by a network node associated with a HAPS or UAV).

[0164] Configuring mobility operations associated with a target cell type allows UE 120 to switch to a target cell with that target cell type. This enables network node 110 to address coverage issues or fine-tune UE 120's handover. For example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to switch to a cell with a macro cell target cell type (or NTN target cell type) before UE 120 reaches an area with below-threshold coverage (such as a blackout area, which may be due to geographical features or regulatory restrictions such as military or aviation restrictions). As another example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to switch to a target cell with a specific cell type (such as a macro cell or NTN cell) to reduce the number of handovers in a given area. As yet another example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to switch to a TN target cell type to provide threshold performance (e.g., higher bandwidth, higher throughput).

[0165] As shown by reference numeral 805, network node 110 may generate and / or transmit a configuration for mobility operations, and UE 120 may receive the configuration for mobility operations. For example, the configuration for mobility operations may indicate one or more thresholds for mobility operations, such as a measurement reporting threshold, cell selection criteria, handover criteria, CHO conditions, cell reselection criteria, or combinations thereof. This configuration may be derived from the target cell type of the mobility operations. For example, network node 110 may identify the target cell type for mobility operations. Network node 110 may configure mobility operations such that UE 120 selects a target cell of the target cell type. For example, network node 110 may indicate a change in the cell handover criteria or CHO conditions, such that UE 120 may select a target cell of the target cell type. As another example, network node 110 may configure UE 120 using flags that enable the selection of a cell of a specific target cell type (e.g., enable NTN communication).

[0166] In some respects, the target cell type can be a macro cell. For example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to select a macro cell when the UE is associated with slow mobility speed and / or low capacity (e.g., throughput, bandwidth) requirements. As another example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to select a micro cell when the UE is associated with slow mobility speed and / or high capacity (e.g., throughput, bandwidth) requirements. As yet another example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to select a macro cell when the UE is associated with fast mobility speed.

[0167] In some respects, the target cell can be an NTN cell (e.g., an NTN cell). For example, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to select an NTN cell when UE 120 is associated with a rapidly changing altitude (e.g., an altitude with a change rate greater than a threshold) or an altitude beyond TN coverage.

[0168] Therefore, network node 110 can configure UE 120 to maintain connection and meet throughput requirements, which may vary for different UEs 120.

[0169] In some aspects, configuration can be based on AI / ML models. For example, network node 110 can generate configurations based on output information from AI / ML models, such as regarding... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As described. As another example, network node 110 may receive configurations such as those generated by an AI / ML model, as described above. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As described.

[0170] As shown by reference numeral 810 in the accompanying drawings, UE 120 and / or network node 110 perform mobility operations according to a configuration. For example, UE 120 may update handover or cell selection criteria according to a configuration for mobility operations. In some aspects, UE 120 may send a measurement report according to configured handover criteria, and network node 110 (or another network node 110) may trigger a handover in association with the measurement report. In some aspects, UE 120 may perform a CHO (Cell Hoisting Decision) according to configured CHO conditions.

[0171] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0172] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating example 900 of signaling for an AI / ML-based configuration of a RAN or UAV UE according to this disclosure. Example 900 includes a UE 120 and an apparatus. The apparatus may include, for example, a network node 110, a SON entity, a RIC (e.g., near-RT RIC 370, non-RT RIC 350), an AI / ML server, an entity of a core network (e.g., core network 520), etc. In some aspects, the apparatus may communicate directly with the UE 120. In some other aspects, the apparatus may communicate with the UE 120 via one or more nodes (such as network node 110). Example 900 also includes a RAN 505, which may include one or more network nodes 110.

[0173] like Figure 9And as indicated by reference numeral 905 in the accompanying drawings, the device can receive input information regarding UE 120 or RAN 505. (As in conjunction with...) Figure 5 As mentioned, RAN 505 can provide coverage for UE 120 as a UAV UE. In some aspects, input information may include information collected by UE 120, such as measurement reports, minimized drive test (MDT) reports, self-organizing network (SON) reports, location information indicating the location of UE 120, etc. In some aspects, input information may include information collected by network node 110. For example, input information may include SON reports generated by network node 110. As another example, input information may include information indicating the current configuration of network node 110 (e.g., beam direction, beam strength, number of cells, number of UEs served by network node 110, coverage area, scheduling information, etc.). As another example, input information may include information about radio conditions (e.g., cellular coverage level (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), throughput, number of UEs covered by network node 110)).

[0174] In some aspects, the input information may indicate the number of mobility operations on the flight path of UE 120. For example, the input information may indicate the number of mobility operations (e.g., handover) performed by the UE on a given flight path. As described below, this information can be used to reconfigure UE 120 and / or RAN 505 to minimize handover. In some aspects, the input information may indicate areas with coverage below a threshold (e.g., blackout areas).

[0175] In some respects, the device can continuously receive input information. For example, UE 120 or network node 110 can periodically provide input information based on report configurations, etc. As another example, UE 120 or network node 110 can provide input information upon request. As another example, UE 120 or network node 110 can provide input information when triggering conditions are met (such as a measurement below a first threshold or a handover count greater than a second threshold). As another example, UE 120 or network node 110 can provide input information in response to changes in the parameters of the input information.

[0176] As indicated by reference numeral 910, the device can use input information and an AI / ML model to obtain output information. For example, the device can input input information into an AI / ML model. The AI / ML model can output output information. The output information may include reconfiguration of network node 110 and / or reconfiguration of UE 120, or may be used to generate reconfiguration of the network node and / or reconfiguration of the UE. For example, reconfiguration may include adjustments to... Figures 6 to 8Any changes or modifications to the configuration of the described UE 120 or network node 110, such as modifications to the flight path of UE 120, changes to the altitude at which UE 120 operates, changes to one or more cell parameters of network node 110 (such as target cell type, frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance), modifications to parameters used for mobility operations (such as CHO conditions, LTM operation parameters, or candidate cells, etc.), or combinations thereof.

[0177] In some respects, the output information can reduce (e.g., minimize, optimize) the number of mobility operations associated with a flight path. For example, the input information can indicate the number of mobility operations performed by the UE along the flight path. The AI / ML model can be configured to reconfigure the UE 120 or network node 110 (e.g., according to techniques described elsewhere herein) such that the number of mobility operations along the flight path is reduced. Additionally or alternatively, the output information can reconfigure areas to have improved coverage. For example, the input information can indicate a first coverage area associated with the UE's flight path that has coverage below a threshold. The reconfiguration of network node 110 or UE 120 can be associated with a second coverage area that has coverage above a threshold, such as by reconfiguring one or more network nodes to improve coverage (e.g., redirecting beams, changing beamwidth, switching to NTN, etc.).

[0178] As indicated by reference numeral 915 in the accompanying drawings, the apparatus can configure at least one of the network nodes or UAV UEs based on the output information. For example, the apparatus can provide configuration information to UE 120 to reconfigure UE 120 as described above. As another example, the apparatus can provide configuration information to network node 110 and / or one or more other nodes of RAN 505 to reconfigure network node 110 or RAN 505 as described above.

[0179] As indicated above, Figure 9 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 9 The examples described are different.

[0180] Figure 10This is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 1000 of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection according to this disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence can be further enhanced by use cases and / or examples through data collection. For example, principles or algorithms for RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and associated functional frameworks (e.g., inputs / outputs of optimized AI functionality and / or components for enabling AI) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of AI-enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management and / or coverage optimization, etc.). In one example, as shown by architecture 1000, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities such as model training host 1002, model inference host 1004, data source 1006, and participant 1008.

[0181] Model inference host 1004 can be configured to be based on data source 1006 (such as, regarding Figures 6 to 9 The inference data provided by the described UE 120 or network node 110 is used to run AI / ML models (such as...). Figure 9 The model inference host 1004 can utilize the inference data input to participant 1008 to generate outputs (e.g., predictions). Participant 1008 can be an element or entity of the core network or RAN. For example, participant 1008 can be a UE, network node, base station (e.g., gNB), CU, DU and / or RU, near-RT RIC, or non-RT RIC, etc. Additionally, participant 1008 can also depend on the type of task performed by model inference host 1004, the type of inference data provided to model inference host 1004, and / or the type of output generated by model inference host 1004. For example, if the output from model inference host 1004 is associated with location determination, then participant 1008 can be a UE, DU, or RU. In some examples, model inference host 1004 can be hosted on participant 1008. For example, a UE can be participant 1008 and can host model inference host 1004. In some aspects, a UE (e.g., participant 1008) can be a data source 1006. For example, the UE can perform measurements (e.g., NR measurements), input the measurements to the AI / ML model at the model inference host 1004 (or provide the measurements to the model inference host 1004), and take actions based on the output of the AI / ML model (e.g., by reconfiguring the UE 120 or network node 110).

[0182] After receiving the output from the model inference host 1004, participant 1008 can determine whether to take an action based on that output. For example, if participant 1008 is a UE and the output from the model inference host 1004 is associated with location information, participant 1008 can determine whether to report the location information, reconfigure the beam, etc. If participant 1008 determines to take an action based on the output, in some examples, participant 1008 can instruct at least one action subject 1010 to take the action.

[0183] Data source 1006 can also be configured to collect data that can be used as training data for training an ML model or as inference data for feeding ML model inference operations. For example, data source 1006 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities (which may include participant 1008 or action subject 1010) and provide the collected data to model training host 1002 for ML model training. In some aspects, model training host 1002 may co-located with model inference host 1004 and / or participant 1008. For example, participant 1008 or action subject 1010 may provide performance feedback associated with beam configuration to data source 1006, which can be used by model training host 1002 to monitor or evaluate ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to participant 1008 is accurate. In some examples, model training host 1002 may use training location values ​​to monitor or evaluate ML model performance, which may be provided by nodes (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110), as described elsewhere herein. In some examples, if the output provided by participant 1008 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below the accuracy threshold), the model training host 1002 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via ML model deployment / update.

[0184] As indicated above, Figure 10 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 10 The examples described are different.

[0185] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with flight path optimization for an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0186] like Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include sending flight path information about the UE's flight path (box 1110). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path, as described above.

[0187] like Figure 11 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving modifications to flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, which are associated with the flight path (box 1120). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 or antenna 1710 depicted herein can receive modifications to flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, which are associated with the flight path as described above.

[0188] like Figure 11 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include triggering UE movement in association with modification of flight path information (box 1130). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can trigger UE movement in association with modifications to flight path information, as described above.

[0189] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0190] In a first aspect, the flight path information indicates a first waypoint and a second waypoint of the flight path, and wherein modifications to the flight path information indicate at least one of the following: modifications to one or more of the first or second waypoints or additional waypoints to the flight path.

[0191] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the modification of flight path information indicates a change in the altitude of the UE's operation.

[0192] In the third aspect, triggering movement in connection with the modification of flight path information, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, includes providing the UAV motion tracker with the modification of flight path information.

[0193] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, radio conditions are the level of cellular coverage along the flight path.

[0194] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the method includes receiving a first modification to a flight path; sending a negotiation message indicating a change associated with the first modification; and receiving a second modification to the flight path after sending the negotiation message, wherein the modification to the flight path is a second modification to the flight path information.

[0195] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the change associated with the first modification is associated with at least one of the UE's battery or the UE's remaining flight time.

[0196] In the seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 1100 includes sending information indicating requested radio conditions, wherein the requested radio conditions include at least one of quality of service parameters or cell parameters, and wherein receiving modifications to flight path information includes receiving modifications based on the requested radio conditions.

[0197] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the quality of service parameter indicates at least one of throughput, block error rate, or latency.

[0198] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the cell parameters indicate at least one of the frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance.

[0199] although Figure 11 An example box of process 1100 is shown, but in some respects, process 1100 may include... Figure 11 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0200] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with flight path optimization for an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0201] like Figure 12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving a first configuration for mobility operation (block 1210). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can receive a first configuration for mobility operations, as described above.

[0202] like Figure 12As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending flight path information about the UE's flight path (box 1220). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path, as described above.

[0203] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving a second configuration for mobility operations in association with flight path information (block 1230). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can receive a second configuration for mobility operations in association with flight path information, as described above.

[0204] like Figure 12 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include performing mobility operations according to a second configuration (block 1240). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein may perform mobility operations according to a second configuration as described above.

[0205] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0206] In the first aspect, the mobility operation is a conditional handover, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one conditional handover parameter.

[0207] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, at least one conditional handover parameter includes a condition that triggers the conditional handover.

[0208] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the mobility operation is a lower-level triggered mobility operation, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one parameter of the lower-level triggered mobility operation.

[0209] although Figure 12 An example box of process 1200 is shown, but in some respects, process 1200 may include... Figure 12 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1200 may be executed in parallel.

[0210] Figure 13This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with flight path optimization for unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0211] like Figure 13 As shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include sending configuration associated with mobility operations of the UE, wherein the UE is associated with a UAV, and wherein the configuration is derived from the target cell type of the mobility operation (box 1310). For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 depicted herein can transmit configurations associated with the mobility operations of the UE, wherein the UE is associated with a UAV, and wherein the configurations are derived from the target cell type of the mobility operations, as described above.

[0212] like Figure 13 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include communication configured for mobility operation (block 1320). For example, network nodes (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 depicted herein can communicate as configured for mobility operation, as described above.

[0213] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0214] In the first aspect, the target cell type indicates at least one of the following: the cell size of the target cell for mobility operations, whether the target cell is associated with a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network, or whether the target cell is a high-altitude platform station cell.

[0215] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the UE is configured to switch to a target cell with a target cell type.

[0216] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1300 includes generating a configuration based on the number of mobility operations associated with the UE's flight path.

[0217] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, generating the configuration includes generating the configuration based on areas with below-threshold coverage associated with the UE's flight path.

[0218] although Figure 13An example box of process 1300 is shown, but in some respects, process 1300 may include... Figure 13 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1300 may be executed in parallel.

[0219] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at a device or apparatus according to this disclosure. Example process 1400 is wherein a device (e.g., Figure 9 and Figure 10 Examples of operations performed by devices (near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, network node 110, AI / ML server) related to flight path optimization for unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0220] like Figure 14 As shown, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving input information about the RAN providing coverage for the UAV UE, wherein the input information includes at least one of an MDT report, an SON report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN (box 1410). For example, an apparatus (e.g., using transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810) may receive input information about the RAN providing coverage for the UAV UE, wherein the input information includes at least one of an MDT report, an SON report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN, as described above.

[0221] like Figure 14 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1400 may include using an AI / ML model and input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates a reconfiguration of at least one of the following: a network node of the RAN, or a UAV UE (box 1420). For example, an apparatus (e.g., using transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810) may use an AI / ML model and input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates a reconfiguration of at least one of the following: a network node of the RAN, or a UAV UE, as described above.

[0222] like Figure 14 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1400 may include configuring at least one of the network node or UAV UE based on the output information (block 1430). For example, apparatus (e.g., using transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810) may configure at least one of the network node or UAV UE based on the output information, as described above.

[0223] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0224] In the first aspect, receiving input information includes receiving input information from the UAV UE.

[0225] In the second aspect, receiving input information, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, includes receiving input information from network nodes of the RAN.

[0226] In the third aspect, reconfiguration includes modifications to the flight path of the UAV UE, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects.

[0227] In the fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, reconfiguration includes changes to the altitude of the operation of the UAV UE.

[0228] In the fifth aspect, reconfiguration may be carried out alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, including changes to one or more cell parameters of the network node.

[0229] In the sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, one or more cell parameters include at least one of the following: target cell type, frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance.

[0230] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the reconfiguration includes modifications to the parameters used for mobility operations.

[0231] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the parameters include at least one of the following: conditional handover conditions, parameters for lower-level triggering mobility operations.

[0232] In the ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the input information indicates a first number of mobility operations for the flight path of the UAV UE, and wherein the output information is associated with a second number of mobility operations that is less than the first number of mobility operations.

[0233] In the tenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the input information indicates a first coverage area with coverage below a threshold associated with the flight path of the UE, and wherein the reconfiguration of the network node or UAV UE is associated with a second coverage area with coverage above the threshold.

[0234] In the eleventh aspect, the device includes a RAN intelligent controller, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects.

[0235] In the twelfth aspect, the apparatus includes a SON entity, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects.

[0236] In the thirteenth aspect, the apparatus includes a network node, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects.

[0237] although Figure 14 An example box of process 1400 is shown, but in some respects, process 1400 may include... Figure 14 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1400 may be executed in parallel.

[0238] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a network node or a device of a network node, according to the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example in which a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with flight path optimization for unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0239] like Figure 15 As shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include receiving flight path information about the UE's flight path (box 1510). For example, a network node (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 depicted herein can receive flight path information about the flight path of the UE, as described above.

[0240] like Figure 15 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting modifications to flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path (box 1520). For example, network nodes (e.g., using...) Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 depicted herein can transmit modifications to flight path information in connection with radio conditions associated with the flight path, as described above.

[0241] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0242] In the first aspect, the flight path information indicates a first waypoint and a second waypoint of the flight path, and wherein a modification to the flight path indicates at least one of the following: a modification to one or more of the first waypoint or the second waypoint, or an additional waypoint of the flight path.

[0243] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the modification of the flight path indicates a change in the altitude at which the UE operates.

[0244] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, radio conditions are the level of cellular coverage along the flight path.

[0245] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the method includes: sending a first modification to a flight path; receiving a negotiation message indicating a change associated with the first modification; and sending a second modification to the flight path after sending the negotiation message, wherein the modification to the flight path is a second modification to flight path information, and wherein the second modification to the flight path is based on a change associated with the first modification.

[0246] In the fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the change associated with the first modification is associated with at least one of the UE's battery or the UE's remaining flight time.

[0247] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, process 1500 includes receiving information indicating requested radio conditions, wherein the requested radio conditions include at least one of quality of service parameters or cell parameters, and wherein modifications to flight path information are made in accordance with the requested radio conditions.

[0248] In the seventh aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the quality of service parameter indicates at least one of throughput, block error rate, or latency.

[0249] In the eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the cell parameters indicate at least one of the frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance.

[0250] although Figure 15 An example box of process 1500 is shown, but in some respects, process 1500 may include... Figure 15 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1500 may be executed in parallel.

[0251] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example process 1600 performed, for example, at a UE or a device of a UE, according to this disclosure. Example process 1600 is an example in which a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with flight path optimization for an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0252] like Figure 16 As shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include receiving a first configuration for mobility operation (block 1610). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can receive a first configuration for mobility operations, as described above.

[0253] like Figure 16 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include sending flight path information about the UE's flight path (box 1620). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can transmit flight path information about the UE's flight path, as described above.

[0254] like Figure 16 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include receiving a second configuration for mobility operations in association with flight path information (block 1630). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and / or antenna 1710 depicted herein can receive a second configuration for mobility operations in association with flight path information, as described above.

[0255] like Figure 16 As further shown, in some aspects, process 1600 may include performing mobility operations according to a second configuration (block 1640). For example, the UE (e.g., using...) Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 or antenna 1710 depicted herein can perform mobility operations according to a second configuration, as described above.

[0256] Process 1600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0257] In the first aspect, the mobility operation is a conditional handover, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one conditional handover parameter.

[0258] In the second aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, at least one conditional handover parameter includes a condition that triggers the conditional handover.

[0259] In the third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the mobility operation is a lower-level triggered mobility operation, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one parameter of the lower-level triggered mobility operation.

[0260] although Figure 16An example box of process 1600 is shown, but in some respects, process 1600 may include... Figure 16 The boxes depicted may be fewer, different, or arranged differently compared to additional boxes. Alternatively, two or more boxes in the process 1600 may be executed in parallel.

[0261] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device 1700 according to this disclosure. The communication device 1700 may be a UE, or a UE may include the communication device 1700.

[0262] Communication device 1700 includes a processing system 1702 coupled to transceiver 1708 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver, and which may include a single transceiver or multiple transceivers capable of performing various operations described herein). Transceiver 1708 is configured to transmit and receive signals for communication device 1700 via antenna 1710, such as various signals as described herein. Processing system 1702 may be configured to perform processing functions of communication device 1700, including processing signals received by communication device 1700 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0263] Processing system 1702 includes one or more processors 1720. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1720 may include one or more of a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, and / or a controller / processor 280, as per [reference to...]. Figure 2 As described. One or more processors 1720 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1730 via bus 1706. In various aspects, computer-readable medium / memory 1730 may include one or more memories, such as memory 282, as described above. Figure 2 As described. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1730 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1720, cause one or more processors 1720 to perform process 1100, process 1200, process 1600, or any aspect thereof. It should be noted that references to processors performing the functions of communication device 1700 may include one or more processors performing the functions of communication device 1700. It should also be noted that references to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.

[0264] like Figure 17As shown, the communication device 1700 may include circuitry (circuit 1735) for transmitting flight path information.

[0265] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include code (code 1740) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 for transmitting flight path information.

[0266] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include circuitry (circuit 1745) for receiving modifications to flight path information.

[0267] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include code (code 1750) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 for receiving modifications to flight path information.

[0268] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include circuitry (circuit 1755) for triggering movement of the UE.

[0269] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include code (code 1760) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 for triggering movement of the UE.

[0270] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include circuitry (circuit 1765) for receiving configurations for mobility operations.

[0271] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include code (code 1770) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 for receiving configurations for mobility operations.

[0272] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include circuitry (circuit 1775) for performing mobility operations.

[0273] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 may include code (code 1780) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1730 for performing mobility operations according to a second configuration.

[0274] Various components of the communication device 1700 may provide parts for performing processes 1100, 1200, 1600, or any aspect thereof. For example, parts for transmitting, conveying, or outputting for transmission may include the modem 254 and / or antenna 252 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 17The communication device 1700 includes a transceiver 1708 and an antenna 1710. Components for receiving or acquiring data may include a modem 254 and / or an antenna 252 of the UE 120, and / or... Figure 17 The transceiver 1708 and antenna 1710 of the communication equipment 1700.

[0275] Figure 17 This is provided as an example. Other examples can be combined with it. Figure 17 The examples described are different.

[0276] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device 1800 according to this disclosure. The communication device 1800 may be a network node (such as network node 110 or as per [other details]). Figure 3 The described decomposed base station, or network node, may include communication equipment 1800.

[0277] Communication device 1800 includes a processing system 1802 coupled to transceiver 1808 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver, and may include a single transceiver or multiple transceivers capable of performing various operations described herein). Transceiver 1808 is configured to transmit and receive signals for communication device 1800 via antenna 1810 (e.g., one or more antennas), such as various signals as described herein. Network interface 1812 is configured to transmit via communication links (such as those described herein, etc.). Figure 3 The described backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link acquire and transmit signals for the communication device 1800. The processing system 1802 can be configured to perform the processing functions of the communication device 1800, including processing signals received by the communication device 1800 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0278] Processing system 1802 includes one or more processors 1820. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1820 may include one or more of a receive processor 238, a transmit processor 214, a TX MIMO processor 216, and / or a controller / processor 240, as per [reference to...]. Figure 2 As described. One or more processors 1820 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1830 via bus 1806. In various aspects, computer-readable medium / memory 1830 may include one or more memories, such as memory 242, as described above. Figure 2As described. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1830 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1820, cause one or more processors 1820 to perform processes 1300, 1400, 1500, or any aspect thereof. It should be noted that references to processors performing the functions of communication device 1800 may include one or more processors performing the functions of communication device 1800. It should also be noted that references to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.

[0279] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include circuitry (circuit 1835) for transmitting configurations associated with the mobility operations of the UE.

[0280] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include code (code 1840) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1830 for transmitting configurations associated with the mobility operation of the UE.

[0281] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include circuitry (circuit 1845) for communicating according to a configuration for mobility operation.

[0282] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include code (code 1850) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1830 for communicating according to a configuration for mobility operation.

[0283] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include circuitry (circuit 1855) for receiving input information about the RAN that provides coverage for the UAV UE.

[0284] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include code (code 1860) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1830 for receiving input information about the RAN that provides coverage for the UAV UE.

[0285] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include circuitry (circuit 1865) for obtaining output information using an AI / ML model and input information.

[0286] like Figure 18As shown, the communication device 1800 may include code (code 1870) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1830 for obtaining output information using an AI / ML model and input information.

[0287] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include circuitry (circuit 1875) for configuring at least one of the network nodes or UAV UEs based on the output information.

[0288] like Figure 18 As shown, the communication device 1800 may include code (code 1880) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1830 for configuring at least one of the network nodes or UAV UEs based on output information.

[0289] Various components of the communication device 1800 may provide parts for performing process 1300, process 1400, or process 1500, or any aspect thereof. For example, parts for transmitting, sending, or outputting for transmission may include the modem 232 and / or antenna 234 of network node 110, and / or Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 of the communication device 1800 in the network node 110. Components for receiving or acquiring may include the modem 232 and / or antenna 234 of the network node 110, and / or Figure 18 The transceiver 1808 and / or antenna 1810 of the communication device 1800.

[0290] Figure 18 This is provided as an example. Other examples can be combined with it. Figure 18 The examples described are different.

[0291] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure:

[0292] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmitting flight path information about a flight path of the UE; receiving a modification to the flight path information, wherein the modification is associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and triggering movement of the UE in association with the modification to the flight path information.

[0293] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the flight path information indicates a first waypoint and a second waypoint of the flight path, and wherein the modification of the flight path information indicates at least one of the following: a modification of one or more of the first waypoint or the second waypoint, or an additional waypoint of the flight path.

[0294] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the modification of the flight path information indicates a change in the altitude of the operation of the UE.

[0295] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein triggering movement in association with the modification of the flight path information includes providing the modification of the flight path information to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) motion tracker.

[0296] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the radio condition is the cellular coverage level of the flight path.

[0297] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises: receiving a first modification to the flight path; sending a negotiation message indicating a change associated with the first modification; and receiving a second modification to the flight path after sending the negotiation message, wherein the modification to the flight path is a second modification to the flight path information.

[0298] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the change associated with the first modification is associated with at least one of the UE's battery or the UE's remaining flight time.

[0299] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises: transmitting information indicating requested radio conditions, wherein the requested radio conditions include at least one of quality of service parameters or cell parameters, and wherein receiving the modification of the flight path information includes receiving the modification according to the requested radio conditions.

[0300] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 8, wherein the quality of service parameter indicates at least one of throughput, block error rate, or latency.

[0301] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 8, wherein the cell parameters indicate at least one of frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance.

[0302] Aspect 11: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first configuration for mobility operation; transmitting flight path information about a flight path of the UE; receiving a second configuration for the mobility operation in association with the flight path information; and performing the mobility operation according to the second configuration.

[0303] Aspect 12: According to the method of aspect 11, wherein the mobility operation is a conditional handover, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one conditional handover parameter.

[0304] Aspect 13: According to the method of aspect 12, wherein the at least one conditional handover parameter includes a condition that triggers the conditional handover.

[0305] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 13, wherein the mobility operation is a lower-level triggered mobility operation, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one parameter of the lower-level triggered mobility operation.

[0306] Aspect 15: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operations; and communicating for the mobility operations according to the configuration.

[0307] Aspect 16: According to the method of aspect 15, wherein the target cell type indicates at least one of the following: the cell size of the target cell for the mobility operation, whether the target cell is associated with a non-terrestrial network or a terrestrial network, or whether the target cell is a high-altitude platform station cell.

[0308] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 16, wherein the configuration configures the UE to switch to a target cell having the target cell type.

[0309] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 15 to 17, the method comprising generating the configuration.

[0310] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein generating the configuration includes generating the configuration based on a threshold number of mobility operations associated with the flight path of the UE.

[0311] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 18, wherein generating the configuration includes generating the configuration based on an area with below-threshold coverage associated with the flight path of the UE.

[0312] Aspect 21: A method performed by an apparatus, the method comprising: receiving input information about a radio access network (RAN) providing coverage for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about radio conditions of the RAN; using an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information to obtain output information, wherein the output information indicates reconfiguration of at least one of: a network node of the RAN, or the UAV UE; and configuring at least one of the network node or the UAV UE according to the output information.

[0313] Aspect 22: According to the method of aspect 21, receiving the input information includes receiving the input information from the UAV UE.

[0314] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 22, wherein receiving the input information includes receiving the input information from the network node of the RAN.

[0315] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 23, wherein the reconfiguration includes modification of the flight path of the UAVUE.

[0316] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 24, wherein the reconfiguration includes a change in the altitude of the operation of the UAVUE.

[0317] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 25, wherein the reconfiguration includes changing one or more cell parameters of the network node.

[0318] Aspect 27: According to the method of aspect 26, the one or more cell parameters include at least one of the following: target cell type, frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power headroom.

[0319] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 27, wherein the reconfiguration includes modification of parameters for mobility operation.

[0320] Aspect 29: The method according to aspect 28, wherein the parameter includes at least one of the following: conditional handover conditions, parameters for lower-level triggering mobility operations.

[0321] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 29, wherein the input information indicates a first number of mobility operations of the flight path of the UAVUE, and wherein the output information is associated with a second number of mobility operations less than the first number of mobility operations.

[0322] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of Aspects 21 to 30, wherein the input information indicates a first coverage area with coverage below a threshold associated with the flight path of the UE, and wherein the reconfiguration of the network node or the UAV UE is associated with a second coverage area with coverage above the threshold.

[0323] Aspect 32: The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 31, wherein the apparatus includes a RAN intelligent controller.

[0324] Aspect 33: The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 32, wherein the apparatus comprises a SON entity.

[0325] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of aspects 21 to 33, wherein the apparatus includes the network node.

[0326] Aspect 35: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: receiving flight path information about a flight path of a user equipment (UE); and transmitting modifications to the flight path information in association with radio conditions associated with the flight path.

[0327] Aspect 36: The method according to aspect 35, wherein the flight path information indicates a first waypoint and a second waypoint of the flight path, and wherein the modification of the flight path indicates at least one of the following: a modification of one or more of the first waypoint or the second waypoint, or an additional waypoint of the flight path.

[0328] Aspect 37: The method according to any one of aspects 35 to 36, wherein the modification of the flight path indicates a change in the altitude of the operation of the UE.

[0329] Aspect 38: The method according to any one of Aspects 35 to 37, wherein the radio condition is the cellular coverage level of the flight path.

[0330] Aspect 39: A method according to any one of Aspects 35 to 38, wherein the method comprises: sending a first modification to the flight path; receiving a negotiation message indicating a change associated with the first modification; and sending a second modification to the flight path after sending the negotiation message, wherein the modification to the flight path is a second modification to the flight path information, and wherein the second modification to the flight path is based on the change associated with the first modification.

[0331] Aspect 40: The method according to aspect 39, wherein the change associated with the first modification is associated with at least one of the UE's battery or the UE's remaining flight time.

[0332] Aspect 41: The method according to any one of Aspects 35 to 40, wherein the method comprises: receiving information indicating requested radio conditions, wherein the requested radio conditions include at least one of quality of service parameters or cell parameters, and wherein the modification of the flight path information is based on the requested radio conditions.

[0333] Aspect 42: The method according to aspect 41, wherein the quality of service parameter indicates at least one of throughput, block error rate, or latency.

[0334] Aspect 43: The method according to aspect 41, wherein the cell parameters indicate at least one of frequency range, subcarrier spacing, or power clearance.

[0335] Aspect 44: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first configuration for mobility operation; transmitting flight path information about a flight path of the UE; receiving a second configuration for the mobility operation in association with the flight path information; and performing the mobility operation according to the second configuration.

[0336] Aspect 45: According to the method of aspect 44, wherein the mobility operation is a conditional handover, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one conditional handover parameter.

[0337] Aspect 46: According to the method of aspect 45, the at least one conditional handover parameter includes a condition that triggers the conditional handover.

[0338] Aspect 47: The method according to any one of aspects 44 to 46, wherein the mobility operation is a lower-level triggered mobility operation, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one parameter of the lower-level triggered mobility operation.

[0339] Aspect 48: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0340] Aspect 49: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0341] Aspect 50: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0342] Aspect 51: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0343] Aspect 52: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0344] Aspect 53: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0345] Aspect 54: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 47.

[0346] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various forms of practice.

[0347] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein. Unless otherwise stated, a component configured to perform a function means that the component has the capability to perform that function, but it is not necessary for the component to actually perform that function.

[0348] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0349] As used in this article, the phrase “at least one of the items” in a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0350] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Similarly, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “the” and is used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended as open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., “having” A may also have B). Additionally, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise related to” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used consecutively and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “either of the two” or “only one of them”). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one”.

[0351] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims or disclosed in the description, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically stated in the claims or disclosed in the description. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set.

Claims

1. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, the one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and One or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute processor-executable instructions and cause the device to: Send flight path information about the flight path of the device; Receive modifications to the flight path information, wherein the modifications are associated with radio conditions, wherein the radio conditions are associated with the flight path; and The movement of the device is triggered in association with the modification of the flight path information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flight path information indicates a first waypoint and a second waypoint of the flight path, and wherein the modification of the flight path information indicates at least one of the following: Modification of one or more of the first waypoint or the second waypoint, or Additional waypoints along the flight path.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the modification of the flight path information indicates a change in the altitude at which the apparatus operates.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to trigger movement in association with the modification of the flight path information, the one or more processors are configured to provide the apparatus with the modification of the flight path information to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) motion tracker.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radio condition is the cellular coverage level of the flight path.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to: Receive the first modification to the flight path; Send a negotiation message indicating the changes associated with the first modification; and After sending the negotiation message, a second modification to the flight path is received. The modification to the flight path is the second modification to the flight path information.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the change associated with the first modification is associated with at least one of the device's battery or the device's remaining flight time.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to: Send information indicating the requested radio conditions. The requested radio conditions include at least one of quality of service parameters or cell parameters, and In order for the device to receive the modification of the flight path information, the one or more processors are configured to cause the device to receive the modification of the requested radio conditions.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the quality of service parameter indicates at least one of throughput, block error rate, or latency.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the cell parameters indicate at least one of a frequency range, a subcarrier spacing, or a power clearance.

11. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, the one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and One or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute processor-executable instructions and cause the device to: Receive the first configuration for mobility operations; Send flight path information about the flight path of the device; Receive a second configuration for the mobility operation in association with the flight path information; and The mobility operation is performed according to the second configuration.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the mobility operation is a conditional handover, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one conditional handover parameter.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one conditional handover parameter includes a condition that triggers the conditional handover.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the mobility operation is a lower-level triggered mobility operation, and the second configuration for the mobility operation modifies at least one parameter of the lower-level triggered mobility operation.

15. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, the one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and One or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute processor-executable instructions and cause the device to: Sending configuration associated with mobility operations of a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE is associated with an unmanned air vehicle (UAV), and wherein the configuration is derived from a target cell type of the mobility operations; and Communicate for the mobility operation according to the configuration.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the target cell type indicates at least one of the following: The cell size of the target cell for the mobility operation. Is the target cell associated with a non-terrestrial network or with a terrestrial network, or... Is the target cell a high-altitude platform station cell? 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the configuration configures the UE to switch to a target cell having the target cell type.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to generate the configuration.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, in order for the apparatus to generate the configuration, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to generate the configuration based on a threshold number of mobility operations associated with the flight path of the UE.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, in order for the apparatus to generate the configuration, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to generate the configuration based on an area with below-threshold coverage associated with the flight path of the UE.

21. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, the one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and One or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute processor-executable instructions and cause the device to: Receive input information about a radio access network (RAN) that provides coverage for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) user equipment (UE), wherein the input information includes at least one of a minimized road test (MDT) report, an ad hoc network (SON) report, or information about the radio conditions of the RAN; The output information is obtained using an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model and the input information, wherein the output information indicates a reconfiguration of at least one of the following: The network nodes of the RAN, or The UAV UE; and Configure at least one of the network node or the UAV UE based on the output information.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein, in order for the apparatus to receive the input information, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive the input information from the UAV UE.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein, in order for the apparatus to receive the input information, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive the input information from the network node of the RAN.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reconfiguration includes modification of the flight path of the UAV UE.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reconfiguration includes a change in the altitude of operation of the UAV UE.

26. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reconfiguration includes changing one or more cell parameters of the network node.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more cell parameters include at least one of the following: Target community type Frequency range Subcarrier spacing, or Power clearance.

28. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the reconfiguration includes modification of parameters for mobility operation.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the parameter includes at least one of the following: Conditional transfer conditions Parameters that trigger mobility operations at lower levels.

30. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the input information indicates a first number of mobility operations for the flight path of the UAV UE, and wherein the output information is associated with a second number of mobility operations less than the first number of mobility operations.

Images