Loess plateau dwarf apple organic planting intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment and process

Abstract

The application provides a loess plateau dwarf apple organic planting intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment and process, relates to the apple planting technical field, and includes a four-wheel bearing vehicle, a water and fertilizer integrated assembly is arranged in the four-wheel bearing vehicle, organic water and fertilizer is stably supplied, and automatic proportioning of water and fertilizer is completed, further includes a soil turning and covering mechanism, the soil turning and covering mechanism contains a connecting support, a connecting plate is fixed below the connecting support, a soil turning arc-shaped plate is installed at the front end of the connecting plate, the loess plateau hardpan soil is broken, and a directional irrigation trench is plowed, a soil covering plate is installed at the rear end of the connecting plate, and the irrigation area is covered to reduce water and fertilizer evaporation loss, in the application, the soil turning arc-shaped plate is arranged in front of the apple tree root surface hardpan, the irrigation trench is plowed to the trunk, the water and fertilizer infiltration channel is opened, the organic water and fertilizer is quickly infiltrated to the dwarf apple shallow root system absorption area, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is significantly improved, and the nutrient absorption demand of the dwarf apple is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of apple planting technology, and more specifically, it relates to intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment and process for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau. Background Technology

[0002] The Loess Plateau, as the core advantageous planting area for dwarf apples in my country, possesses natural planting conditions with abundant sunshine and large temperature differences between day and night. Currently, apple planting in the region has fully transformed towards organic and dwarf dense planting. Organic planting requires the use of well-rotted farmyard manure, biogas slurry, and other organic water and fertilizers throughout the entire process, prohibiting the input of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The dwarf dense planting model sets higher standards for tree protection and precise application of water and fertilizer. At the same time, the Loess Plateau region has heavy clay soil that is prone to surface compaction after rainfall, and a dry climate with strong winds that lead to rapid water evaporation, which are the core environmental constraints for apple planting in the region.

[0003] Under these planting scenarios and environmental conditions, existing integrated water and fertilizer equipment and supporting planting processes have many specific shortcomings, as follows: 1. The roots of dwarf apple trees are concentrated in the shallow soil. However, the existing water and fertilizer irrigation equipment only has simple drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation functions and lacks a pre-treatment structure to break up the hard soil on the surface of the apple tree roots. As a result, the organic water and fertilizer remain on the soil surface for a long time after application, the infiltration channels are blocked and the infiltration speed is extremely slow, making it difficult to reach the root absorption area. The water and fertilizer utilization rate is less than 50%, which cannot meet the nutrient absorption needs of dwarf apple trees.

[0004] 2. After the existing irrigation equipment completes the water and fertilizer spraying, there is no matching soil covering and moisture retention structure. The surface of the soil is directly exposed after irrigation, and water and nutrients evaporate and are lost quickly under the action of strong winds and dry air. Even if sufficient organic water and fertilizer are applied, nutrients are easily wasted due to evaporation loss. At the same time, it is impossible to lock in soil moisture, which violates the core requirements of water and fertilizer conservation in organic farming.

[0005] 3. Dwarf apple trees are grafted onto dwarf rootstocks. The bark of the rootstock is delicate and has extremely poor resistance to waterlogging and sunburn. The biogas slurry and well-rotted organic fertilizer commonly used in organic farming are highly corrosive. The nozzles of existing irrigation equipment are general direct spray designs without directional tilting spray structures. Water and fertilizer can easily be directly sprayed onto the trunk and splashed onto the surface of tender bark. Long-term use will cause problems such as root collar rot, bark burn, and gummosis, which seriously affect the health of the tree and the quality of fruit.

[0006] 4. Existing integrated water and fertilizer equipment mostly adopts a continuous spraying mode, which cannot identify the location of fruit trees. It continuously sprays water and fertilizer in the gaps between rows where there are no fruit trees, resulting in a large amount of ineffective waste of organic water and fertilizer. In addition, there is no tree trunk-triggered automatic start and stop control structure, which requires manual operation. The level of intelligence is low and cannot meet the needs of large-scale operation in dwarf dense planting orchards.

[0007] 5. Organic farming prohibits the use of chemical pesticides and requires physical methods to repel birds and eliminate pests. However, existing water and fertilizer equipment and pest control equipment are independent of each other. Irrigation operations and bird repelling and pest shaking operations must be carried out separately. The process is cumbersome and the work efficiency is low. It is impossible to complete physical pest control at the same time as water and fertilizer irrigation, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of integrated organic farming operations. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an intelligent integrated water and fertilizer equipment and process for organic cultivation of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau. This addresses the issues that existing integrated water and fertilizer equipment cannot adapt to the environmental characteristics of the Loess Plateau, the tree characteristics of dwarf apples, and the standardized requirements of organic cultivation. These issues include a lack of ability to break up soil compaction, poor moisture retention, easy damage to the tree, serious waste of water and fertilizer, and separation of pest control and irrigation.

[0009] The intelligent water and fertilizer integration equipment for organic cultivation of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau includes a four-wheeled carrier vehicle, which is equipped with an integrated water and fertilizer component for stably supplying organic water and fertilizer and automatically mixing water and fertilizer. It also includes: The soil turning and covering mechanism includes a connecting bracket, a connecting plate fixed below the connecting bracket, a soil turning arc plate installed at the front end of the connecting plate to break up the compacted soil of the Loess Plateau and excavate a oriented irrigation trench, and a soil covering plate installed at the rear end of the connecting plate to cover the irrigation area and reduce water and fertilizer evaporation loss. The intelligent irrigation mechanism includes a water-fertilizer mixing box for temporarily storing water and fertilizer and ensuring uniform mixing of fertilizer solution. The bottom of the water-fertilizer mixing box is connected to an electrically controlled nozzle for directional and precise spraying of water and fertilizer. The side wall of the water-fertilizer mixing box is connected to a water pipe for continuous delivery of water and fertilizer. A reset-type electrically controlled switch is installed on the side wall of the water-fertilizer mixing box for automatically controlling the start and stop of the irrigation. The tree trunk triggering and physical insect control mechanism includes a striking rod for triggering the irrigation switch and simultaneously striking the tree trunk. The surface of the striking rod is fixed with a raised rubber pad to generate striking vibration to physically repel birds and insects. The striking rod is hinged to the water and fertilizer mixing box, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge part of the striking rod to realize the automatic rebound and reset of the striking rod.

[0010] Preferably, the four-wheeled carrier is equipped with a first lifting motor and a second lifting motor on both sides to adapt to different tree heights and soil working depths. The first lifting motor is connected to the water and fertilizer mixing box to flexibly adjust the working height of the intelligent irrigation mechanism. The second lifting motor is connected to the connecting bracket to precisely adjust the soil turning and covering mechanism's soil penetration depth.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting water pipe is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer component to ensure continuous and uninterrupted water and fertilizer delivery. The electrically controlled nozzle is installed through the connecting plate to achieve synchronous and coordinated soil turning and irrigation operations. The electrically controlled nozzle is arranged at an angle, and the angle of the electrically controlled nozzle is adapted to the angle of the soil turning arc plate to ensure that water and fertilizer are accurately sprayed into the groove to avoid splashing and damaging the tree trunk. The water and fertilizer mixing box is equipped with an electrical control board for signal reception and command output. The electrical control board is electrically connected to the reset-type electrical control switch and the electrically controlled nozzle to form a stable intelligent trigger control circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the striking rod and the reset-type electronic control switch form a triggering mechanism to achieve automatic irrigation when encountering a tree and automatic stopping of irrigation when leaving the tree, greatly reducing water and fertilizer waste.

[0013] Preferably, the cross-section of the soil-turning arc plate is set as an oblique V-shaped structure, which makes it easy to dig trenches that are biased towards the tree trunk and open up water and fertilizer infiltration channels to reach the root absorption area directly.

[0014] Preferably, the raised rubber pads are evenly spaced along the length of the striking rod, which can evenly strike the tree trunk, effectively driving away fruit-pecking birds and shaking off pests and diseases.

[0015] Preferably, the covering board is configured with an arc-shaped curved surface structure, which facilitates gentle covering without damaging the loose soil structure. The width of the covering board is greater than the working width of the turning arc-shaped board, ensuring that the irrigation area is completely covered and maximizing the retention of water and fertilizer nutrients.

[0016] The organic cultivation process for dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau includes the following steps: S1 Orchard and Farm Site Selection: Ample sunlight, good water quality, suitable soil conditions, independent terrain, far from industry and pollution sources, with natural buffer zones and biodiversity; S2 seedlings and planting: Use healthy, virus-free, and disease-free seedlings. Soak them in water for 12-24 hours before planting. Dig holes (30-40 cm) for planting, fill with water (30 catties), and cover with straw, ground cover, etc. S3 soil improvement and organic matter enhancement: before planting, dig trenches and apply fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer; return straw from soybean and vegetable rotation to the field and plant grass in orchards; apply qualified liquid organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer later; and spray foliar fertilizer at the same time. S4 Flower and Fruit Management: Pruning of fruit trees, pre-flowering pruning, thinning of inflorescences, double pollination by honey and artificial pollination, thinning of fruits and vegetables, bagging, bag removal, leaf removal and fruit turning. Harvest in batches after the fruit is ripe and store in a cool-down warehouse (dedicated warehouse) as required. S5 Green Control of Pests and Diseases: Use integrated green control measures such as mineral-based and plant-based pesticides, biotechnology, and physical technology (lights, insects, boards, and strips); S6 Irrigation: Use water that meets the requirements and allow it to dry, then irrigate using drip irrigation or seepage irrigation methods; S7 Orchard Ecology and Soil and Water Conservation: Drainage, rainwater collection and sedimentation facilities are constructed within the orchard to protect against soil erosion and maintain the ecological balance of the surrounding environment.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention addresses the core problem of heavy, sticky soil on the Loess Plateau, which easily hardens after rainfall, making it difficult for organic fertilizers and water to infiltrate. This is achieved by setting a slanted V-shaped soil-turning arc plate at the front end of the work area. The structure moves with the four-wheeled vehicle, breaking up the hardened soil at the 0-15cm surface layer around the roots of dwarf apple trees and creating directional irrigation trenches towards the trunk. This completely opens up the infiltration channels for fertilizers and water, overcoming the limitations of existing equipment that only allows surface drip and sprinkler irrigation without penetrating the hardened layer. It allows biogas slurry, well-rotted organic fertilizer, and other organic fertilizers to quickly penetrate to the 20-40cm root zone of the dwarf apple trees, fundamentally solving the problems of fertilizer and water retention on the surface, slow penetration, and poor absorption. This significantly increases the utilization rate of fertilizers and water from less than 50%, fully meeting the nutrient requirements for the growth and fruiting of dwarf apple trees, adapting to the water and fertilizer supply requirements of organic farming on the Loess Plateau, and laying a nutrient foundation for high-quality and high-yield apple production.

[0018] In this invention, an arc-shaped, curved soil-covering plate is fitted behind the irrigation mechanism, closely conforming to the dry, windy, and rapidly evaporating climate of the Loess Plateau. This allows for a gentle, full-coverage soil covering of the irrigated area. The width of this structure is greater than the width of the tilling trench, enabling the loosened soil to be evenly backfilled and covered over the water and fertilizer spraying area. This blocks the soil's capillary evaporation channels, preventing the surface soil from being directly exposed to the air after irrigation. This significantly reduces the natural evaporation loss of water and organic nutrients, effectively locking in soil moisture and nutrients for efficient moisture and fertilizer retention. Compared to existing equipment lacking moisture-retention structures and resulting in significant water and fertilizer evaporation and waste, this structure significantly reduces water and fertilizer loss, strictly adhering to the core requirements of water-saving, fertilizer-saving, and green low-carbon organic farming, and improving water and fertilizer retention in the arid environment of the Loess Plateau.

[0019] In this invention, by employing an inclined arrangement of the electrically controlled nozzles that matches the angle of the soil-turning arc plate, the delicate and easily damaged rootstock characteristics of dwarf apple rootstocks are precisely matched. This avoids the risk of organic water and fertilizer damaging the tree from the root. The inclined nozzles can precisely and directionally spray water and fertilizer into the trenches dug during soil turning, preventing biogas slurry and decomposed organic fertilizer from directly rinsing the trunk or splashing onto the tender bark of the dwarf rootstock. This avoids problems such as root collar rot, bark burns, and gummosis caused by existing direct-spray nozzles, and provides comprehensive protection for the healthy growth of the tree. This design fully adapts to the tree protection needs of dwarf dense planting orchards, ensures the normal growth and development of fruit trees, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and thus stabilizes apple yield and quality, fully meeting the standards for tree health maintenance in organic farming.

[0020] In this invention, a trunk-triggered intelligent control structure is formed by a striking rod and a reset-type electronic control switch, achieving precise and automated management of water and fertilizer irrigation. This solves the problems of continuous spraying, waste between rows, and cumbersome manual operation in existing equipment. When the equipment moves along the fruit tree planting row, the striking rod contacts the trunk, squeezing the switch to trigger the electronically controlled nozzle to spray. After completely detaching from the trunk, it resets under the action of a torsion spring, and the nozzle automatically stops spraying. This achieves an intelligent mode of watering when encountering a tree and stopping spraying when leaving the tree, eliminating the ineffective waste of organic water and fertilizer caused by indiscriminate spraying in the gaps between rows. This structure eliminates the need for manual start and stop, greatly improving the intelligence and automation level of the equipment. It is suitable for the large-scale and efficient operation needs of dwarf dense planting orchards, reducing labor costs and improving the accuracy and efficiency of orchard water and fertilizer management.

[0021] This invention integrates irrigation and physical pest and bird control by equidistantly spaced raised rubber pads on the surface of the tapping rod. This meets the requirements of organic farming, which prohibits the use of chemical pesticides, and solves the problems of existing equipment that separates irrigation and pest control operations, resulting in cumbersome procedures. Simultaneously with irrigation, the raised rubber pads gently tap the tree trunk with the tapping rod, generating moderate vibrations that effectively drive away birds pecking at the fruit and shake off aphids, fruit borers, and other pests and their eggs from the trunk. The entire process is conducted without chemical pesticides or physical damage, achieving pest and disease control purely through physical means. This design combines two processes into one, simplifying orchard operations, improving overall efficiency, and fully complying with the green pest control standards for organic dwarf apple cultivation on the Loess Plateau, ensuring the organic quality of the apples. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Loess Plateau land according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the four-wheeled load-bearing vehicle of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water-fertilizer mixing box of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting bracket of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronically controlled nozzle of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the striking rod of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-turning arc-shaped plate of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A.

[0023] In the diagram, the correspondence between the component names and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: 1. Tillage arc plate; 2. Connecting plate; 3. Connecting bracket; 4. Covering plate; 5. Water and fertilizer mixing box; 6. Electrically controlled nozzle; 7. Beating rod; 8. Raised rubber pad; 9. Connecting water pipe; 10. First lifting motor; 11. Reset type electrical control switch; 12. Second lifting motor; 13. Apple tree trunk; 14. Four-wheeled load-bearing vehicle; 15. Water and fertilizer integration component; 16. Loess Plateau land. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 9 This invention provides an intelligent water and fertilizer integrated device for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau, which mainly includes a four-wheel carrier vehicle 14, a water and fertilizer integrated component 15 integrated inside the four-wheel carrier vehicle 14, a soil turning and covering mechanism, an intelligent irrigation mechanism, a trunk triggering and physical pest control mechanism installed on the side of the four-wheel carrier vehicle 14, and a first lifting motor 10 and a second lifting motor 12 for adapting to the terrain and tree height.

[0026] The entire set of equipment uses a four-wheeled carrier vehicle 14 as a mobile carrier, moving along the apple tree trunks 13 in the planting rows. It addresses the problems of soil compaction in the Loess Plateau 16, dry and windy climate, shallow root system of dwarf apples and easy damage to root stems, and prohibition of chemical pest control in organic planting. It integrates soil compaction breaking and turning, directional and precise irrigation, soil covering and moisture retention, and physical bird and insect control operations, achieving efficient water and fertilizer utilization and a high degree of consistency with organic planting standards.

[0027] Specifically, the soil turning and covering mechanism consists of a soil turning arc plate 1, a connecting plate 2, a soil covering plate 4, and a connecting bracket 3. The soil turning arc plate 1, the connecting plate 2, and the soil covering plate 4 are fixedly connected by welding or bolt fastening to form an integrated working component. The three components move synchronously with the four-wheeled carrier vehicle 14 to form a continuous working line.

[0028] The soil-turning arc-shaped plate 1 is the core component for breaking up hardened soil. Its cross-section has a V-shaped structure with a lateral tilt angle. The V-shaped opening faces the direction of travel, and the tilt angle is stably pointing towards the side of the apple tree trunk 13. During operation, a narrow groove of uniform depth facing the trunk can be cut and dug into the surface layer of the Loess Plateau soil 16 to specifically break up the hardened soil layer of the 0-15cm surface layer at the root of the apple tree.

[0029] The soil in the Loess Plateau is heavy and clayey, and after concentrated rainfall, it is prone to forming a hard, compacted layer. Conventional irrigation water and fertilizer tend to accumulate on the surface, with an infiltration rate of less than 50%. This structure, through V-shaped oblique grooves, completely opens up the infiltration channels for water and fertilizer, allowing water and fertilizer to quickly penetrate to the root system's concentrated absorption zone of 20-40cm, fundamentally solving the problems of surface retention, slow infiltration, and poor absorption.

[0030] The soil covering board 4 is located behind the soil turning arc board 1. It adopts a lightweight arc-shaped surface design and its width is slightly larger than the width of the groove dug by the soil turning arc board 1. During operation, the loosened soil is gently backfilled and covered on the top of the irrigation trench to form a thin soil covering layer.

[0031] In response to the problems of low annual precipitation, dry air, high surface wind speed, rapid water evaporation and easy nutrient loss after irrigation in the Loess Plateau, the soil covering operation of the soil covering board 4 can block the capillary evaporation channels of the soil, reduce water evaporation by more than 60%, and at the same time seal water and fertilizer nutrients in the root soil layer, significantly improving water and fertilizer utilization.

[0032] The connecting bracket 3 is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the connecting plate 2, providing a stable mounting base for the second lifting motor 12, ensuring that the lifting power is stably transmitted to the entire soil turning and covering mechanism, and avoiding shaking or deviation during operation.

[0033] It should be noted that the intelligent irrigation mechanism consists of a water-fertilizer mixing box 5, an electrically controlled nozzle 6, a connecting water pipe 9, a reset-type electrically controlled switch 11, and a built-in electrically controlled board. The electrically controlled nozzle 6 is sealed and fitted into the preset installation hole of the connecting plate 2, and its upper end is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet at the bottom of the water-fertilizer mixing box 5 to achieve sealed water and fertilizer delivery without dripping.

[0034] The electronically controlled nozzle 6 adopts an inclined installation angle that matches the soil-turning arc plate 1. The spray axis is precisely aligned with the center of the trench dug by the soil turning, and the spray range is strictly limited to the inside of the trench to prevent water and fertilizer from splashing outward.

[0035] Dwarf apple trees are grafted onto dwarf rootstocks. The bark at the root collar is delicate and has poor waterlogging resistance. In addition, organic farming often uses biogas slurry and well-rotted organic fertilizer. If the slurry is directly sprayed onto the trunk or the tender bark, it can easily cause problems such as root collar rot, bark burn, and gummosis. This inclined directional spraying structure can fundamentally avoid the above risks and ensure the healthy growth of the tree.

[0036] The water and fertilizer mixing box 5 is a sealed liquid storage box with a pre-reserved liquid replenishment port at the top. The side wall is sealed and connected to the water and fertilizer integrated component 15 inside the four-wheel carrier vehicle 14 through the connecting water pipe 9. The water and fertilizer integrated component 15 can complete the precise proportioning, stirring, pressurization and delivery of organic fertilizer liquid, biogas liquid and clean water, and continuously supply the equipment with water and fertilizer mixture that meets the organic planting standards, ensuring the continuity of operation and the stability of fertilizer effect.

[0037] The water and fertilizer mixing box 5 integrates an electronic control board. The electronic control board is connected to the reset type electronic control switch 11 and the electronic control nozzle 6 through signal lines, forming an intelligent control logic of triggering, conducting, spraying, disconnecting and stopping. No manual operation is required, realizing automatic watering along with the tree and automatic stopping of spraying between rows.

[0038] The physical insect control and trunk triggering mechanism consists of a striking rod 7, a raised rubber pad 8, and a hinge shaft torsion spring. The striking rod 7 is movably connected to the outer wall of the water and fertilizer mixing box 5 via the hinge shaft. A pre-tightening torsion spring is fitted at the hinge shaft so that the striking rod 7 maintains its initial open position when not in contact with the trunk. After contacting the trunk, it can be elastically deflected and quickly reset after detachment.

[0039] When the four-wheeled vehicle 14 moves at a constant speed along the planting row, the front end of the striking rod 7 first contacts the apple tree trunk 13. As the vehicle moves, it gradually presses towards the reset-type electronic control switch 11, causing the reset-type electronic control switch 11 to switch from the normally closed state to the conducting state. After receiving the electrical signal, the electronic control board immediately starts the electronic control nozzle 6 to begin directional irrigation of water and fertilizer. When the striking rod 7 completely passes over the trunk 13 of a single apple tree, the torsion spring releases its elastic potential energy, causing the striking rod 7 to quickly rebound and reset. The reset-type electronic control switch 11 then returns to its normally closed state, and the electronic control nozzle 6 immediately stops spraying. This achieves the control of watering one tree at a time and not watering any tree, avoiding ineffective irrigation of the empty spaces between rows and greatly reducing water and fertilizer waste.

[0040] Multiple raised rubber pads 8 are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the side of the striking rod 7 facing the tree trunk. The raised rubber pads 8 are made of highly elastic and wear-resistant rubber material and are hemispherical or cylindrical. When they come into contact with the tree trunk, they produce intermittent thumping elastic collisions and slight tapping vibrations. The tapping force is moderate and does not damage the bark or affect the growth of the tree.

[0041] The gentle tapping action performed simultaneously with watering effectively drives away birds that peck at the fruit, and also shakes off aphids, codling moth eggs and adults attached to the trunk and branches. The entire process involves no chemical agents or physical damage, and is purely physical pest and bird control, fully meeting the pest and disease control requirements for organic apple cultivation.

[0042] The first lifting motor 10 is fixedly installed between the water and fertilizer mixing box 5 and the side beam of the four-wheel carrier 14. The second lifting motor 12 is fixedly installed between the top of the connecting bracket 3 and the side beam of the four-wheel carrier 14. The two lifting motors are synchronously driven and controlled, and can independently or collaboratively adjust the height of the working mechanism.

[0043] In response to the characteristics of the Loess Plateau, such as its undulating terrain, significant differences in the height of apple tree trunks 13 of different ages, and varying root depths, the first lifting motor 10 can adjust the height of the water and fertilizer mixing box 5, the electronically controlled nozzle 6, and the striking rod 7 to adapt to apple tree trunks 13 of different diameters and heights, ensuring reliable triggering, precise spraying, and effective striking. The second lifting motor 12 can adjust the soil penetration depth of the soil-turning arc plate 1 and the soil-covering plate 4 to adapt to the Loess Plateau soil 16 with different degrees of compaction and soil layer thickness, ensuring that the soil turning depth and soil covering effect are always in optimal working condition, greatly improving the equipment's adaptability and operational stability in complex terrain.

[0044] In this device, The cross-section of the soil-turning arc-shaped plate 1 is obliquely V-shaped. It is the core component for breaking up the compacted soil and is used to dig open the Loess Plateau soil 16, create irrigation trenches that are biased towards the apple tree trunk 13, and open up channels for water and fertilizer infiltration.

[0045] The connecting plate 2 has a soil-turning arc plate 1 fixed at the front end and a soil-covering plate 4 fixed at the rear end, with an electrically controlled nozzle 6 inserted in the middle, integrating the three major operation structures of soil turning, soil covering, and irrigation.

[0046] The connecting bracket 3 is installed above the connecting plate 2 to connect the second lifting motor 12, transmit lifting power, and stabilize the soil turning and covering mechanism.

[0047] The soil covering board 4 has an arc-shaped curved surface structure and a width greater than that of the soil turning trench. It is used to backfill and cover the Loess Plateau land 16 after irrigation, reduce water and fertilizer evaporation, and lock in soil moisture and nutrients.

[0048] The water-fertilizer mixing box 5 is used for temporary storage and uniform mixing of organic water-fertilizer. It has a built-in electronic control board and integrates an electronically controlled nozzle 6 and a resettable electronically controlled switch 11.

[0049] The electronically controlled nozzle 6 is adapted to the soil-turning arc plate 1 to accurately spray water and fertilizer into the irrigation trough, avoiding damage to the apple tree trunk 13 by rinsing it.

[0050] The striking rod 7 is equipped with a reset torsion spring, which is used to contact the apple tree trunk 13 to trigger the reset-type electronic control switch 11 and simultaneously complete the tree trunk striking action.

[0051] The raised rubber pads 8 are fixed at equal intervals on the tapping rod 7 to gently tap the apple tree trunk 13 to generate vibration, thereby achieving physical pest control by repelling birds and shaking off pests.

[0052] The water pipe 9 connects the water and fertilizer integrated component 15 and the water and fertilizer mixing box 5 to continuously and stably deliver organic water and fertilizer.

[0053] The first lifting motor 10 is connected to the four-wheel carrier 14 and the water and fertilizer mixing box 5, and is used to adjust the working height of the irrigation and pest control mechanism.

[0054] The reset-type electric control switch 11 is controlled by the pressure of the striking rod 7 and is used to start and stop the electric control nozzle 6, so as to realize the spraying when encountering a tree and stop spraying when leaving the tree.

[0055] The second lifting motor 12 connects the four-wheel carrier vehicle 14 and the connecting bracket 3, and is used to adjust the soil turning and covering mechanism's soil penetration depth and working height.

[0056] The four-wheel carrier vehicle 14 is equipped with all the operating mechanisms and the water and fertilizer integration components 15, enabling integrated mobile operations between rows in the orchard.

[0057] The integrated water and fertilizer component 15 is integrated into the four-wheel carrier vehicle 14 to complete the proportioning, mixing, pressurization and transportation of organic water and fertilizer.

[0058] The organic cultivation process for dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau includes the following steps: S1 Orchard and Farm Site Selection: Ample sunlight, good water quality, suitable soil conditions, independent terrain, far from industry and pollution sources, with natural buffer zones and biodiversity; S2 seedlings and planting: Use healthy, virus-free, and disease-free seedlings. Soak them in water for 12-24 hours before planting. Dig holes (30-40 cm) for planting, fill with water (30 catties), and cover with straw, ground cover, etc. S3 soil improvement and organic matter enhancement: before planting, dig trenches and apply fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer; return straw from soybean and vegetable rotation to the field and plant grass in orchards; apply qualified liquid organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer later; and spray foliar fertilizer at the same time. S4 Flower and Fruit Management: Pruning of fruit trees, pre-flowering pruning, thinning of inflorescences, double pollination by honey and artificial pollination, thinning of fruits and vegetables, bagging, bag removal, leaf removal and fruit turning. Harvest in batches after the fruit is ripe and store in a cool-down warehouse (dedicated warehouse) as required. S5 Green Control of Pests and Diseases: Use integrated green control measures such as mineral-based and plant-based pesticides, biotechnology, and physical technology (lights, insects, boards, and strips); S6 Irrigation: Use water that meets the requirements and allow it to dry, then irrigate using drip irrigation or seepage irrigation methods; S7 Orchard Ecology and Soil and Water Conservation: Drainage, rainwater harvesting, and sedimentation facilities are constructed within the orchard to protect against soil erosion and maintain the ecological balance of the surrounding environment. The irrigation process in step S6 requires the use of intelligent integrated water and fertilizer equipment, the working principle of which is as follows: Before operation, the operator, based on the age of the apple tree, the diameter of the trunk, and the degree of soil compaction, presets the working height and soil penetration depth of the first lifting motor 10 and the second lifting motor 12 through the control terminal, and adds biogas slurry and decomposed organic fertilizer liquid that meet organic standards to the water and fertilizer integration component 15 and completes the mixing ratio. During operation, the four-wheeled vehicle 14 moves forward at a constant speed along the apple tree planting row. The soil-turning arc plate 1 first contacts the soil, breaking up the hardened surface soil around the roots and digging out irrigation trenches that are biased towards the trunk. As the vehicle moves, the striking rod 7 contacts the apple tree trunk 13, squeezing the reset-type electronic control switch 11 to trigger the electronic control nozzle 6 to work. The water and fertilizer integration component 15 delivers the proportioned water and fertilizer to the water and fertilizer mixing box 5 through the connecting water pipe 9, and sprays it into the trench by the electronic control nozzle 6. At the moment the irrigation is completed, the soil covering plate 4 behind gently covers the loosened soil on the surface of the trench, completing the moisture retention and fertilizer locking. Simultaneously, the raised rubber pads 8 on the striking rod 7 continuously tap the tree trunk to repel birds and prevent insects; when the striking rod 7 is removed from the tree trunk, the torsion spring resets, the switch is turned off, and the nozzle stops spraying, waiting for the next fruit tree to trigger; after a single row of operations is completed, the four-wheeled carrier vehicle 14 turns to enter the next row, repeating the above-mentioned soil turning, watering, soil covering, and insect prevention procedures, and cyclically operating until the entire orchard is completed.

[0059] This entire process integrates four steps: breaking up compacted soil, precise water and fertilizer application, moisture retention, and physical pest control. It is adapted to the Loess Plateau environment and the needs of organic dwarf apple cultivation, significantly improving water and fertilizer utilization, drastically reducing tree damage, and effectively controlling pests and diseases through physical methods. This achieves intelligent, lightweight, and harmless integrated planting management. The embodiments of this invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific applications.

Claims

1. An intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau, comprising a four-wheeled carrier vehicle (14), wherein the four-wheeled carrier vehicle (14) is equipped with a water and fertilizer integrated component (15), characterized in that, Also includes: The soil turning and covering mechanism includes a connecting bracket (3), a connecting plate (2) is fixed below the connecting bracket (3), a soil turning arc plate (1) is installed at the front end of the connecting plate (2), and a soil covering plate (4) is installed at the rear end of the connecting plate (2). The intelligent irrigation mechanism includes a water-fertilizer mixing box (5), an electrically controlled nozzle (6) is connected to the bottom of the water-fertilizer mixing box (5), a water pipe (9) is connected to the side wall of the water-fertilizer mixing box (5), and a reset-type electrically controlled switch (11) is installed on the side wall of the water-fertilizer mixing box (5). The tree trunk triggering and physical pest control mechanism includes a striking rod (7), the surface of which is fixed with a raised rubber pad (8), the striking rod (7) is hinged to the water and fertilizer mixing box (5), and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge part of the striking rod (7).

2. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The four-wheeled carrier vehicle (14) is equipped with a first lifting motor (10) and a second lifting motor (12) on both sides. The first lifting motor (10) is connected to the water and fertilizer mixing box (5), and the second lifting motor (12) is connected to the connecting bracket (3).

3. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting water pipe (9) is connected to the water and fertilizer integration component (15), and the electrically controlled nozzle (6) is installed in the connecting plate (2).

4. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The striking rod (7) and the reset type electronic control switch (11) form a triggering cooperation.

5. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-section of the soil-turning arc plate (1) is set as an oblique V-shaped structure.

6. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The electrically controlled nozzle (6) is arranged at an angle, and the angle of the electrically controlled nozzle (6) is adapted to the angle of the soil turning arc plate (1).

7. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The raised rubber pads (8) are evenly spaced along the length of the striking rod (7).

8. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The water-fertilizer mixing box (5) is equipped with an electrical control board, which is electrically connected to the reset-type electrical control switch (11) and the electrical control nozzle (6).

9. The intelligent water and fertilizer integrated equipment for organic planting of dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The soil covering board (4) is configured as an arc-shaped curved surface structure, and the width of the soil covering board (4) is greater than the working width of the soil turning arc board (1).

10. The organic cultivation process for dwarf apples on the Loess Plateau, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1 Orchard and Farm Site Selection: Ample sunlight, good water quality, suitable soil conditions, independent terrain, far from industry and pollution sources, with natural buffer zones and biodiversity; S2 seedlings and planting: Use healthy, virus-free, and disease-free seedlings. Soak them in water for 12-24 hours before planting. Dig holes (30-40 cm) for planting, fill with water (30 catties), and cover with straw, ground cover, etc. S3 soil improvement and organic matter enhancement: before planting, dig trenches and apply fermented farmyard manure as base fertilizer; return straw from soybean and vegetable rotation to the field and plant grass in orchards; apply qualified liquid organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer later; and spray foliar fertilizer at the same time. S4 Flower and Fruit Management: Pruning of fruit trees, pre-flowering pruning, thinning of inflorescences, double pollination by honey and artificial pollination, thinning of fruits and vegetables, bagging, bag removal, leaf removal and fruit turning. Harvest in batches after the fruit is ripe and store in a cool-down warehouse (dedicated warehouse) as required. S5 Green Control of Pests and Diseases: Use integrated green control measures such as mineral-based and plant-based pesticides, biotechnology, and physical technology (lights, insects, boards, and strips); S6 Irrigation: Use qualified water sources for drying and irrigate through drip irrigation and seepage irrigation; S7 Orchard Ecology and Soil and Water Conservation: Construct drainage, rainwater collection and sedimentation facilities in the orchard to protect against soil erosion and maintain the ecological balance of the surrounding environment.

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