A wheat drilling operation method for saline-alkali soil with deep ploughing on both sides

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land planting, and particularly relates to a two-side deep soil scarification saline-alkali land wheat drilling operation method, which comprises surface layer pretreatment, ditching and soil separation, double-side deep soil scarification, soil falling back and drilling. The two-side deep soil scarification saline-alkali land wheat drilling operation method can effectively loosen the soil under the surface layer and improve the permeability of the soil, break the compaction and barrier under the plough layer, and meet the vertical and horizontal expansion of the main wheat root growth area, thereby providing an efficient and feasible technical solution for high-quality and high-yield of saline-alkali land wheat in coastal areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali land planting technology, specifically relating to a method for wheat strip sowing in saline-alkali land with deep soil loosening on both sides. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a common type of arable land in coastal areas. Due to its high salt content, low vegetation cover, and lack of organic matter accumulation, crop cultivation in saline-alkali land has always been a challenge for agricultural production in coastal regions, with wheat cultivation being particularly problematic. Wheat is a crop with a well-developed root system, and the growth of its roots directly affects grain yield and quality. However, the soil structure beneath the topsoil layer in saline-alkali land is dense and poorly permeable, and the lack of organic matter severely hinders the downward growth and extension of wheat roots. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for wheat strip sowing in saline-alkali land with deep loosening on both sides, which can improve the problems of soil compaction and poor permeability, and improve wheat yield and quality.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for strip sowing of wheat in saline-alkali land with deep soil loosening on both sides includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Surface pretreatment: The surface soil in non-wheat strip-sown areas is kept undisturbed and covered with a layer of straw to retain moisture;

[0007] S2. Trenching and Soil Distribution: Trenching is carried out along the predetermined path for wheat strip sowing, and some of the soil generated from the trenching is used to cover the surface straw on both sides;

[0008] S3. Bilateral deep loosening: After trenching and before the soil recedes, loosening operations are carried out on the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench to achieve bilateral deep loosening of the soil below the surface in non-wheat strip-sown areas.

[0009] S4. Soil settling and strip sowing: After deep tillage, wheat strips are sown along the ditch.

[0010] In step S1, the straw covering thickness is 1-3cm; in step S2, the trench depth is 15-20cm, the width is 20cm, and the distance between trenches is 15-20cm; in step S3, the deep loosening depth below the surface starts from 10cm below the surface and extends downward to the bottom of the trench.

[0011] In step S4, the trenched soil is transported backward by a conveyor belt and falls back into the trench. A loosening mechanism is set up below the conveyor belt to loosen the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench.

[0012] Wheat is sown in rows in the soil that has receded from the furrow, with the rows located at the edge of the furrow.

[0013] In step S1, straw is covered on the ground surface, and the straw in the wheat strip-sown area is returned to the field by rotary tillage. Since the non-wheat strip-sown area is not rotary tilled, the surface straw is preserved.

[0014] The operation method is based on a wheat row seeder, which includes a frame and a rotary tiller, a soil lifting device, a row seeder, and a press wheel mounted on the frame. The soil lifting device includes a soil lifting shovel and a conveyor belt. The soil lifting shovel is located behind the rotary tiller, and the conveyor belt is used to transport the soil lifted by the soil lifting shovel backward. The soil lifting device also includes a subsoiling wheel. Two sets of subsoiling wheels are arranged side by side. The two sets of subsoiling wheels are located below the conveyor belt and respectively abut against the sides of the furrow formed after soil lifting.

[0015] The deep tillage wheel is equipped with rotary tillage blades or with plunger rods arranged in a spoke-like pattern, wherein the plunger rods have a conical rod-like structure.

[0016] The deep loosening wheel is fixedly connected to the frame by a connecting rod. The connecting rod is located behind the output end of the conveyor belt. A soil guide plate is inclined on the connecting rod, and some soil is guided through the soil guide plate into the non-wheat strip sowing area and covered on the straw.

[0017] A retaining plate is also provided on the rear side of the connecting rod. After the soil is transported by the conveyor belt, it impacts the retaining plate and falls back to the ground. The lower side of the retaining plate scrapes the fallen soil flat.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] The present invention describes a method for deep-loosening wheat planting in saline-alkali land, which addresses the problems of high salt content, lack of organic matter, dense structure, and poor permeability in saline-alkali soil, which easily hinder wheat root growth. By digging 15-20cm trenches and deep-loosening on both sides of the trenches, the soil below the surface is effectively loosened, breaking up the soil compaction barrier below the cultivated layer, and allowing the main root growth zone of wheat to extend longitudinally and laterally. This provides an efficient and feasible technical solution for high-quality and high-yield wheat planting in saline-alkali land in coastal areas. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching state of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a double-sided subsoiler.

[0022] In the attached diagram, 1 is the conveyor belt, 2 is the rotary tiller, 3 is the row seeding device, 4 is the press wheel, 5 is the subsoiler, 6 is the connecting rod, 7 is the guide plate, and 8 is the retaining plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0024] Specific implementation examples Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a method for strip sowing of wheat in saline-alkali land with deep loosening of soil on both sides, including the following steps:

[0025] S1. Surface pretreatment: The surface soil in non-wheat strip-sown areas is kept undisturbed and covered with a layer of straw to retain moisture;

[0026] Choose crushed corn stalks as the mulch material, ensuring that the length of the crushed stalks is less than 5cm and the mulch thickness is controlled at 2-3cm. During the mulching process, avoid stalk accumulation or omissions, and ensure that the surface soil is completely covered by stalks to achieve the effect of moisture retention and salt suppression.

[0027] During operation, this invention strives to minimize soil disturbance in non-wheat strip-sown areas, especially the topsoil with a depth of more than 10 cm in these areas, thereby reducing soil surface damage. Furthermore, in non-wheat strip-sown areas, the surface is covered with straw, and after trenching, covering, and compaction with rollers, a good covering layer is formed, which further reduces evaporation and lowers the degree of salt return.

[0028] This invention avoids excessive changes in soil temperature and prevents it from affecting wheat growth by controlling the thickness of straw mulch and covering only the soil on one side of the wheat planting row.

[0029] S2. Trenching and Soil Distribution: Trenching is carried out along the predetermined path for wheat strip sowing, and some of the soil generated from the trenching is used to cover the surface straw on both sides;

[0030] Set the furrow depth to 15cm, the furrow width to 20cm, and the distance between adjacent furrows to 20cm. Sow two rows of seeds at 20cm intervals within the furrows, placing the seeds along the furrow edges. During furrowing, direct some of the soil generated during furrowing to both sides of the furrow, and then evenly cover the straw layer in the non-wheat row-sown areas with this soil.

[0031] S3. Bilateral deep loosening: After trenching and before the soil recedes, loosening operations are carried out on the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench to achieve bilateral deep loosening of the soil below the surface in non-wheat strip-sown areas.

[0032] S4. Soil settling and strip sowing: After deep tillage, wheat strips are sown along the ditch.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S1, the straw covering thickness is 1-3cm; in step S2, the trench depth is 15-20cm, the width is 20cm, and the distance between trenches is 15-20cm; in step S3, the deep loosening depth below the surface starts from 10cm below the surface and extends downward to the bottom of the trench.

[0034] In step S4, the trenched soil is transported backward by conveyor belt 1 and falls back into the trench. A loosening mechanism is set up below conveyor belt 1 to loosen the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench.

[0035] After the soil is conveyed out and turned over by conveyor belt 1, the soil falling back into the ditch is loosened. At the same time, some of the soil is introduced onto the straw in the non-wheat strip-sown areas to form a cover layer, which helps to retain moisture in the lower soil layer of the non-wheat strip-sown areas.

[0036] Wheat is sown in rows in the soil that has receded from the furrow, with the rows located at the edge of the furrow.

[0037] In step S1, straw is covered on the ground surface, and the straw in the wheat strip-sown area is returned to the field by rotary tillage. Since the non-wheat strip-sown area is not rotary tilled, the surface straw is preserved.

[0038] By setting up a cover layer in conjunction with the isolation and accumulation functions of the straw layer, damage to the original surface layer is reduced, the original soil structure is preserved, and the salt in the cover layer is diluted by the leaching effect of rainwater, thus preparing the soil for subsequent conventional cultivation.

[0039] The operation method is based on a wheat row seeder, which includes a frame and a rotary tiller 2, a soil lifting device, a row seeder 3, and a press wheel 4 mounted on the frame. The soil lifting device includes a soil lifting shovel and a conveyor belt 1. The soil lifting shovel is located behind the rotary tiller 2. The conveyor belt 1 is used to transport the soil lifted by the soil lifting shovel backward. The soil lifting device also includes a subsoiling wheel 5. Two sets of subsoiling wheels 5 are arranged side by side. The two sets of subsoiling wheels 5 are located below the conveyor belt 1 and respectively abut against the side of the trench formed after soil lifting.

[0040] The rotary tiller 2, the soil lifting device, and the row seeding device 3 of the present invention are arranged in groups at intervals according to the preset furrowing and sowing spacing, that is, the width of the rotary tiller 2 and the soil lifting device is equal to the furrowing width, so that multiple furrows can be completed in one pass, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0041] The press wheel 4 can be a complete cylindrical structure, which can simultaneously press the ditch body and the straw and surface soil in non-wheat strip sowing areas.

[0042] This invention utilizes a wheat row seeding machine to achieve overall operation. By taking advantage of the soil being transported backward by the conveyor belt 1, the deep loosening wheel 5 can loosen the sides of the newly formed furrow and quickly return the soil after loosening to prevent further water loss. When wheat is sown to the side of the furrow, one side of the sowing row is loosened soil that has been turned over, while the other side, although it is the side wall of the furrow, has also been loosened, so that both sides of the wheat row have good root development conditions.

[0043] The deep tillage wheel 5 is equipped with rotary tillage blades or with plunger rods arranged in a spoke-like pattern, wherein the plunger rods have a conical rod-like structure.

[0044] The double-sided subsoiler of the present invention has two implementations of the subsoiler wheel 5, such as... Figure 2 As shown, if traditional rotary tillage blades are used, the sidewalls will collapse to some extent after rotary tillage, but this will cause the trench to form a pocket-like structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, providing more space for the wheat roots to expand. In addition, this pocket-like structure can be supported by the undisturbed soil sidewalls, slowing down the recompaction speed of saline-alkali soil near the trench sidewalls, thus prolonging the loose state and achieving a better effect in preventing salt return.

[0045] If the plunger rod is installed on the deep tillage wheel 5, only the part of the plunger rod inserted into the side wall will cause tumbling and disturbance due to the insertion of the plunger rod and the forward movement of the deep tillage wheel 5. This reduces the degree of collapse of the side wall and ensures better safety during cultivation. At the same time, the insertion hole left in the side wall will be gradually filled by the surrounding soil during subsequent wheat cultivation and irrigation, which can also provide growth space for the roots. In other words, this invention obtains a larger root growth space by reducing ground damage, providing a feasible solution for high-quality and high-yield wheat in saline-alkali land.

[0046] The deep loosening wheel 5 is fixedly connected to the frame by means of the connecting rod 6. The connecting rod 6 is located behind the output end of the conveyor belt 1. A soil guide plate 7 is inclinedly arranged on the connecting rod 6. Part of the soil output from the conveyor belt 1 is guided through the soil guide plate 7 to the surface of the non-wheat strip sowing area and cover the straw.

[0047] The deep tillage wheel 5 is fixed to the frame by means of the connecting rod 6. The deep tillage wheel 5 is passively rolled along the side wall of the ditch under the drag of the frame, pressing the rotary tiller or plunger into the side wall of the ditch to loosen the deep soil.

[0048] A retaining plate 8 is also provided on the rear side of the connecting rod 6. After the soil is transported by the conveyor belt 1, it impacts the retaining plate 8 and falls back to the ground. The lower side of the retaining plate 8 scrapes the fallen soil flat.

[0049] After the soil is thrown out from the conveyor belt 1, a portion of the soil is intercepted by the retaining plate 8 and thrown onto the non-wheat strip sowing area for straw covering. The remaining soil falls back into the trench. Since the soil cannot fall completely evenly, the retaining plate 8 is set up to further break up the soil by impact, thus loosening it. On the other hand, the retaining plate 8 is used to level the soil in the trench and the non-wheat strip sowing area, making it easier for the subsequent strip sowing device 3 to sow seeds. After being compacted by the subsequent pressing wheel 4, the soil returns to a flat state, reducing surface transpiration.

Claims

1. A method for strip sowing of wheat in saline-alkali land with deep loosening of soil on both sides, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Surface pretreatment: The surface soil in non-wheat strip-sown areas is kept undisturbed and covered with a layer of straw to retain moisture; S2. Trenching and Soil Distribution: Trenching is carried out along the predetermined path for wheat strip sowing, and some of the soil generated from the trenching is used to cover the surface straw on both sides; S3. Bilateral deep loosening: After trenching and before the soil recedes, loosening operations are carried out on the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench to achieve bilateral deep loosening of the soil below the surface in non-wheat strip-sown areas. S4. Soil settling and strip sowing: After deep tillage, wheat strips are sown along the ditch.

2. The method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the straw covering thickness is 1-3cm; in step S2, the trench depth is 15-20cm, the width is 20cm, and the distance between trenches is 15-20cm; in step S3, the deep loosening depth below the surface starts from 10cm below the surface and extends downward to the bottom of the trench.

3. The method for deep loosening of soil on both sides in saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the trenched soil is transported backward by the conveyor belt (1) and falls back into the trench. A loosening mechanism is set up below the conveyor belt (1) to loosen the soil below the surface on both sides of the trench.

4. The method for deep loosening of soil on both sides in saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wheat is sown in rows in the soil that has receded from the furrow, with the rows located at the edge of the furrow.

5. The method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, straw is covered on the ground surface, and the straw in the wheat strip-sown area is returned to the field by rotary tillage. Since the non-wheat strip-sown area is not rotary tilled, the surface straw is preserved.

6. The method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation method is based on a wheat strip seeding machine. The wheat strip seeding machine includes a frame and a rotary tiller (2), a soil lifting device, a strip seeding device (3), and a press wheel (4) installed on the frame. The soil lifting device includes a soil lifting shovel and a conveyor belt (1). The soil lifting shovel is located on the rear side of the rotary tiller (2). The conveyor belt (1) is used to transport the soil lifted by the soil lifting shovel backward. The soil lifting device also includes a subsoiling wheel (5). Two sets of subsoiling wheels (5) are arranged side by side. The two sets of subsoiling wheels (5) are located below the conveyor belt (1) and respectively abut against the side of the trench formed after soil lifting.

7. A method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The deep tillage wheel (5) is provided with rotary tillage blades or with plunger rods arranged in a spoke-like pattern, wherein the plunger rods are in the form of a conical rod structure.

8. A method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The deep loosening wheel (5) is fixedly connected to the frame by means of a connecting rod (6). The connecting rod (6) is located on the rear side of the output end of the conveyor belt (1). A soil guide plate (7) is inclined on the connecting rod (6). Some soil is guided through the soil guide plate (7) into the non-wheat strip sowing area and covered on the straw.

9. A method for deep soil loosening on both sides of saline-alkali land for wheat strip sowing according to claim 8, characterized in that, A retaining plate (8) is also provided on the rear side of the connecting rod (6). After the soil is transported by the conveyor belt (1), it impacts the retaining plate (8) and falls back to the ground. The lower side of the retaining plate (8) scrapes the fallen soil flat.

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