Artificial pneumothorax puncture device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of artificial pneumothorax making device, and particularly relates to an artificial pneumothorax puncture device for chest wall puncture and establishment of a pleural cavity channel. In view of the defects that the existing puncture needle is easy to puncture the visceral pleura, the position of the needle tip is ambiguous, iatrogenic pneumothorax, gas embolism and other complications are easily caused, and the puncture needle cannot be adapted to high-risk patients such as emphysema, the present application adopts a coaxial structure, designs a blunt and smooth pneumothorax needle, and / or increases the contact area of the front end of the outer sleeve tube with the visceral pleura, cooperates with the side wall vent hole to realize direct positioning of the pleural cavity negative pressure, integrates double operation paths, and is matched with frosted development, scale marking and other optimizations. The device can greatly reduce the risk of complications, expand the applicable population, shorten the positioning time, balance the operation flexibility and accuracy, and effectively improve the safety and efficiency of the artificial pneumothorax operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to artificial pneumothorax devices, specifically relating to an artificial pneumothorax puncture device for chest wall puncture and establishing a pleural cavity passage. Background Technology

[0002] The pleura is a single layer of mesothelial cells covering a connective tissue matrix rich in collagen and elastic fibers, with a thickness of 1–2 mm. The pleural cavity is a potential space enclosed by the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura. The parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity, while the visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs, with the two pleura tightly adhered together.

[0003] Artificial pneumothorax is a technique that involves artificially injecting gas (such as air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide) into the pleural cavity to separate the visceral pleura from the parietal pleura, thereby aiding in the diagnosis or treatment of diseases of the pleural cavity, lungs, or mediastinum. This technique can be traced back to 1888 when the Italian physician Carlo Forlanini used it to treat tuberculosis. In my country, it was first performed in 1928 by Dr. Ding Huikang, who had studied in Germany. Currently, artificial pneumothorax is still widely used in clinical procedures such as CT-guided biopsy, tumor ablation, and thoracoscopic examination; however, progress in improving the tools and methods used is slow, and the existing technology still has many shortcomings.

[0004] Currently, the commonly used methods for creating artificial pneumothorax in clinical practice can be mainly divided into the following three categories: 1. Artificial Pneumothorax Creation Using a Beveled Needle: Determine the puncture point on the chest wall. Use a beveled needle, such as a syringe needle, lumbar puncture needle, or pneumothorax needle, to perform chest wall puncture. Insert the needle tip into the parietal pleura, then connect a syringe or transparent tubing filled with air or saline. Slowly advance the needle. When the resistance from the syringe pushing saline or air disappears, or the saline level in the tubing drops, it indicates that the needle tip has entered the pleural cavity. Next, inject air into the pleural cavity, completing the artificial pneumothorax procedure. Examples of existing literature include "Clinical Application of 125I Particle Implantation for Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis after CT-Guided Artificial Pneumothorax" (Ming Deguo et al.), "Nursing Care for CT-Guided Mediastinal Lesion Puncture Biopsy after Artificial Pneumothorax" (Yu Xianghong et al.), and "Application of Artificial Pneumothorax in CT-Guided Mediastinal Lesion Puncture" (Lin Zhengyu et al.).

[0005] 2. Coaxial puncture needle artificial pneumothorax preparation: Determine the puncture point on the chest wall and perform a chest wall puncture. When the needle tip punctures the parietal pleura, remove the needle core, connect a three-way stopcock, and add a small amount of gas or saline. Push the needle forward. When you feel a sense of resistance, it indicates that the needle tip has entered the pleural cavity. Perform a CT scan again to confirm whether the pneumothorax preparation was successful. Alternatively, use a blunt-tipped needle for puncture. The blunt needle should be inserted quickly and at a short distance. After breaking through the parietal pleura, remove the blunt-tipped needle core. Once you can hear the hissing sound of air flowing into the pleural cavity through the cannula, connect a pressure gauge to inject air for artificial pneumothorax. Alternatively, slowly push the needle forward. When the cannula of the trocar enters the pleural cavity, use the Seldinger technique to insert a central venous catheter into the pleural cavity. Inject an appropriate amount of gas into the pleural cavity as needed. For example: "Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation of lung tumors near the parietal pleura under ultrasound-assisted artificial pneumothorax" (Song Pengyuan et al.), "Efficacy observation of medical thoracoscopy with ultrasound guidance in the absence or small amount of pleural effusion in artificial pneumothorax" (Zhang Hongbo et al.), "Application value of microwave ablation under CT guidance for artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of liver cancer" (Jin Dong et al.), "Application of artificial pneumothorax in microwave ablation of liver diaphragmatic tumor under CT guidance" (Han Yue et al.).

[0006] 3. Blunt dissection method with chest wall incision: A 1.5–2.5 cm incision is made along the intercostal space through the puncture point, reaching the full thickness of the skin. A hemostat is then used to bluntly dissect the intercostal tissue at the skin incision. Upon reaching the pleural cavity, air is rapidly introduced. A trocar or drainage catheter is then placed in the chest wall to assist in diagnosis and treatment using medical thoracoscopic surgery or VATS (Visual Acupuncture and Thoracoscopic Surgery). Examples of methods and instruments used include: "Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Combined with Artificial Pneumothorax in the Treatment of Mediastinal Tumors" (Zhao Weijun et al.), "Evaluation of the Method and Safety of Artificial Pneumothorax in Bronchoscopy as a Substitute for Thoracoscopic Surgery" (Zhang Jiujin et al.), and "Comparative Study of Thoracoscopic Combined with Artificial Pneumothorax for Extended Thymectomy and Conventional Thoracoscopic Surgery" (Wang Xin et al.). These methods and instruments have the following problems: significant trauma and complex operation; they are only suitable for thoracoscopic surgery and are not typically classified as routine artificial pneumothorax procedures in clinical practice.

[0007] The aforementioned existing technology has the following problems: First, it is extremely difficult for the operator to determine whether the needle tip has entered the pleural cavity by touch alone; second, it is very difficult to determine whether the needle tip has entered the pleural cavity by judging the resistance to air injection into the "pleural cavity" using a syringe, because it is very difficult to sense the difference in resistance when the needle tip is pushing the gas in the syringe, whether in the pleural cavity or in the lungs. This is related to the elasticity and high compliance of the alveoli, and the extensive communication between alveolar pores and between alveoli and bronchioles. It is also dangerous, as injecting gas into the lungs may cause interstitial emphysema, enter the pulmonary veins and cause air embolism, and even endanger the patient's life. Third, the sharp tip of the bevel puncture needle widely used in clinical practice can easily damage the visceral pleura, causing iatrogenic pneumothorax (lung tissue damage during medical procedures leading to air entering the pleural cavity through the visceral pleura rupture). This is especially problematic for patients with severe emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis, potentially leading to refractory or tension pneumothorax, which can even be life-threatening. Fourth, the outer cannula of the coaxial puncture needle has a thin wall and a sharp-edged ring at its tip. When the needle is inserted quickly into the chest wall, the contact area between the leading edge of the cannula and the visceral pleura is extremely small, making it very easy to puncture the visceral pleura and accidentally enter the lung, causing iatrogenic pneumothorax. In addition, when the needle is inserted quickly and deeply, the leading edge of the cannula may push the visceral pleura forward. However, if the force pushing the pleura exceeds the H2O in the pleural cavity (normal adult intrathoracic pressure during the entire respiratory cycle -2 to -8 cm H2O), it will prevent air from entering the pleural cavity through the cannula. Because existing puncture tools are not designed to take advantage of the structural differences between the parietal and visceral pleura, they cannot penetrate the parietal pleura while avoiding puncturing the visceral pleura, nor can they quickly and accurately identify whether the needle tip has entered the pleural cavity. This results in a persistent lack of effective improvement in the safety and efficiency of artificial pneumothorax procedures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel artificial pneumothorax puncture device to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an artificial pneumothorax puncture device to solve the problems of easy puncture of the visceral pleura by existing puncture needles and iatrogenic pneumothorax caused by air entering the pleural cavity, thereby improving the safety and accuracy of artificial pneumothorax procedures.

[0009] The overall technical solution of this invention is: An artificial pneumothorax puncture device includes a puncture needle that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of an outer tube, a first opening at the front end of the outer tube for the needle tip to enter and exit, and a first interface at the rear end of the outer tube communicating with its inner cavity; it also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube. The pneumothorax needle rod adopts a hollow tubular structure. The second interface is connected to the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod is a smoothly transitioned flat surface or a smoothly convex curved surface. A second vent hole is opened on the side wall of the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod, which is connected to its lumen. The second vent hole can be located outside the first opening as the pneumothorax needle rod moves axially within the outer tube. Structure 2: The edge of the first opening is a smooth transition and is not sharp. The front side wall of the outer sleeve has a first vent hole that communicates with its inner cavity.

[0010] In this invention, the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod is a smoothly transitioned plane or a smoothly convex curved surface, including but not limited to the following structures: 1. a plane with a blunt / rounded edge; 2. a plane with a chamfered edge; 3. a spherical crown / spherical cap / hemispherical shape with an overall spherical convexity; 4. a tapered front end with a flat or small arc top, forming a cone / truncated cone shape; 5. a smoothly streamlined convex ellipsoid / bullet shape; 6. a dome shape with a rounded top and gently transitioning sides.

[0011] In this invention, the edges of the first and second openings are smooth transitions and non-sharp structures. Their function is to improve the avoidance of tissue damage, improve operational safety, and facilitate assembly. The core of this is the blunting, smoothing, rounding, or chamfering treatment, which transforms sharp right angles / edges into smooth transitions.

[0012] Other specific technical solutions of the present invention include: To avoid the opening at the tip of the pneumothorax needle being blocked by the visceral pleura during surgery, and to simplify the product structure, the preferred technical approach is to make the tip of the pneumothorax needle a blind end.

[0013] To increase the pathway for gas to enter the pleural cavity while avoiding damage to the visceral pleura, a preferred technical approach is to have a second opening at the front end of the pneumothorax needle that communicates with its internal cavity, with the edge of the second opening being a smooth, non-sharp structure.

[0014] In this invention, the edges of the first opening and the second opening are preferably implemented in the following ways, including but not limited to using a smooth transition surface formed by blunting, a chamfer structure, a rounded corner structure, or a smooth transition structure without sharp edges by deburring, blunting or blunting sharp edges.

[0015] To facilitate communication between the liquid / gas through the vent, the outer tube lumen / pneumothorax needle rod lumen and the pleural cavity, the preferred technical means is that the first vent and the second vent are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer tube or the pneumothorax needle rod.

[0016] To facilitate the insertion and withdrawal of the puncture needle tip, the preferred technical implementation is that the puncture needle tip is a conical structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft, and more preferably a pyramidal structure.

[0017] To facilitate observation of the depth of the outer tube, a preferred technical implementation is to have scale markings on the side wall surface of the outer tube.

[0018] To enhance the reflective effect of the equipment during use and facilitate precise operation under image guidance, the preferred technical means is to make the front sidewall surface of the outer sleeve frosted.

[0019] To facilitate effective connection with liquid / gas delivery devices for surgical procedures, a preferred technical implementation is that the first interface includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of a puncture needle, and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device; the second interface includes a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device.

[0020] To facilitate sealing the rear end interfaces of the outer tube and the pneumothorax needle core, and to block the communication between the external atmosphere and the pleural cavity, a preferred technical implementation method is to also include a sealing plug for sealing the inner cavity of the outer tube or the pneumothorax needle.

[0021] To facilitate effective connection and surgical operation between adjacent components, and to enable positioning of each component for surgical operation and switching of working states, a preferred technical means is that the rear end of the puncture needle is provided with a bulging gripping part, and the surface of the gripping part is provided with a threaded structure that can cooperate with adjacent components.

[0022] To ensure that the equipment meets the requirements for disinfection and standardized production, the preferred technical approach is to use medical-grade stainless steel as the material for the puncture needle shaft, puncture needle tip, and pneumothorax needle shaft.

[0023] The terms "front end," "rear end," "front part," and "axial direction" used in this invention are based on the orientation of the accompanying drawings, and not on any specific direction. The terms "first" and "second" in the description of this invention are used only to describe distinctions and should not be construed as implying importance.

[0024] The artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this invention is used as follows: 1. First method of use: (1) The puncture site is usually selected on the anterior chest or lateral chest wall. The patient is in a semi-recumbent, supine or lateral position. After routine disinfection and draping, the skin, periosteum and parietal pleura of the puncture site are anesthetized. (2) Use a large needle or a conical blade to cut through the full thickness of the skin to reduce the skin puncture resistance of the artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this invention; (3) Insert the puncture needle into the outer tube and lock it. It is not necessary to open the first ventilation hole in the outer tube. The needle tip is aligned with the skin puncture point. Under the guidance of CT or B-ultrasound, push the puncture device forward until the puncture needle tip reaches the parietal pleura. Keep the outer tube, remove the puncture needle core, and replace it with a pneumothorax needle. (4) Connect the second port of the pneumothorax needle to the outer barrel of the syringe or the infusion set with the piston removed, and inject an appropriate amount of physiological saline into the outer barrel of the syringe or the infusion set. Then slowly push the pneumothorax needle forward, while closely observing the saline level in the outer barrel of the syringe or the water column of the infusion set in Murphy's pot. When the saline level in the outer barrel of the syringe or the water column of the infusion set in Murphy's pot drops rapidly, it indicates that the second vent of the pneumothorax needle has been exposed outside the first opening on the outer tube and entered the pleural cavity. A small amount of iodine contrast agent can also be injected into the pleural cavity. Under the guidance of CT or B-ultrasound, verify the direction of fluid flow. (5) After confirming that the second ventilation hole of the pneumothorax needle is located in the pleural cavity, inject a small amount of gas into the pleural cavity, including carbon dioxide, oxygen or air, so that the gas pushes the visceral pleura forward a certain distance (≥0.5cm). (6) Then the pneumothorax needle is withdrawn, and the guidewire is inserted into the pleural cavity through the outer cannula. Then the skin is expanded, and a central venous catheter is inserted into the pleural cavity using the Seldinger technique. According to clinical needs, an appropriate amount of sterile gas, including carbon dioxide, oxygen and air, is injected into the pleural cavity. The artificial pneumothorax procedure is completed.

[0025] 2. Second method of use: (1) The preoperative preparation, anesthesia and the method of incising the full thickness of the skin are the same as the first method of use; (2) Insert the puncture needle into the outer cannula with the first ventilation hole and lock it. Align the needle tip with the skin puncture point and push the puncture device forward under the guidance of CT or B-ultrasound until the puncture needle tip reaches the parietal pleura. Keep the outer cannula and remove the puncture needle core. (3) Connect the first port of the outer tube to the syringe barrel or infusion set with the piston removed, and inject an appropriate amount of physiological saline into the syringe barrel or infusion set. Then slowly push the outer tube forward, while closely observing the saline level in the syringe barrel or the rate of drop of the Murphy's pot in the infusion set. When the saline level in the syringe barrel or the Murphy's pot in the infusion set drops rapidly, it indicates that the first vent of the outer tube has entered the pleural cavity. A small amount of iodine contrast agent can also be injected into the pleural cavity. Under the guidance of CT or B-ultrasound, verify the direction of fluid flow. (4) After confirming that the first ventilation hole of the outer tube is located in the pleural cavity, inject a small amount of gas into the pleural cavity, including carbon dioxide, oxygen or air, so that the gas pushes the visceral pleura forward a certain distance (≥0.5cm). (5) The guidewire is then inserted into the pleural cavity through the outer cannula. The skin is then expanded, and a central venous catheter is inserted into the pleural cavity using the Seldinger technique. An appropriate amount of sterile gas, including carbon dioxide, oxygen, and air, is injected into the pleural cavity as needed. The artificial pneumothorax procedure is then completed.

[0026] In the above-mentioned usage method, the guidewire, skin dilator, central venous catheter, syringe, infusion set, etc. are all commercially available products, and the applicant will not elaborate on their structure.

[0027] The essential features and significant technical advancements of this invention are as follows: 1. The structural features of the pleura and the structural characteristics of this device improve the effectiveness and safety of artificial pneumothorax, achieve a breakthrough in the suitability for high-risk patients, and fundamentally avoid iatrogenic damage.

[0028] 2. This invention addresses the mechanical differences between the parietal and visceral pleura. Although the pleura is rich in collagen and elastic fibers, the parietal pleura attaches to the surface of the ribs and intercostal muscles, reducing its extensibility and compliance. Conversely, the visceral pleura attaches to the lung surface, enhancing its extensibility and compliance. This is one reason why the needle tip can more easily penetrate the parietal pleura and enter the pleural cavity. The invention specifically employs a smooth, non-sharp structure at the first opening edge of the outer cannula, and a smoothly transitioned flat or smoothly convex curved surface design at the tip of the pneumothorax needle. This completely eliminates the sharp edges of traditional puncture needles. The structural design of this existing pneumothorax needle significantly improves the "point contact" of existing bevel puncture needles with the visceral pleura. The contact area between the tip of the outer cannula and the pleura is significantly increased. While penetrating the tough parietal pleura, it can push against the elastic visceral pleura with uniform pressure, causing it to form a curtain-like depression rather than being punctured by a sharp edge. This design perfectly solves the operational challenges of existing technologies for high-risk patients with severe emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, bullae, and pleural adhesions. These patients have reduced lung tissue elasticity, and traditional instruments are prone to damaging the visceral pleura. Once air leakage occurs, it often leads to refractory pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax. This device can significantly reduce the risk of such complications.

[0029] 3. Visualized negative pressure positioning completely eliminates the risk of fatal misdiagnosis such as air embolism. This invention pioneers a side-wall ventilation port + negative pressure intuitive identification mechanism, upgrading the traditional vague judgment based on "feel / injection resistance" to a visual physiological signal judgment. By setting the first / second ventilation port on the front side wall of the needle shaft, when the ventilation port enters the pleural cavity, the negative pressure of -2 to -8 cmH2O in the pleural cavity itself, as well as the pressure formed by the saline in the syringe barrel and the infusion set, will enhance the rapid descent of the saline in the syringe / infusion set. The operator can accurately determine the needle tip position by observing the change in fluid level without the need for air injection probes. This completely solves the core pain point of existing technologies, which is "unable to distinguish whether the needle tip is in the lung or the pleural cavity." In traditional operations, due to the high compliance of the alveoli, the difference in air injection resistance is extremely difficult to distinguish. Accidentally injecting gas into the lungs can easily lead to the fatal complication of pulmonary embolism. This invention eliminates such misjudgments from the mechanism, and at the same time shortens the positioning time from the traditional 5-10 minutes to less than 10 seconds, greatly reducing the operational risk and patient suffering.

[0030] 4. Dual-mode operation compatibility, covering all clinical needs. This device innovatively integrates two operating pathways: a precise pneumothorax needle mode and a simplified outer cannula mode. It can be flexibly switched according to different clinical scenarios: for complex cases with deep locations and high operational difficulty, such as mediastinal lesions and diaphragmatic tumors, the pneumothorax needle mode can be used, achieving precise positioning through the precise advancement of the pneumothorax needle and avoiding interference with surrounding tissues; for simpler cases such as intrapulmonary lesions and routine biopsies, the outer cannula mode can be used directly, allowing for rapid completion of the operation without changing the needle core, significantly simplifying the procedure. Simultaneously, both modes are compatible with standard Seldinger catheterization techniques, seamlessly connecting subsequent central venous catheter placement, particle implantation, ablation needle puncture, and other procedures—without changing instruments—achieving "one-stop" artificial pneumothorax creation. It adapts to the operating habits of surgeons with varying experience levels, greatly improving the flexibility and efficiency of clinical operations.

[0031] 5. Full image-guided adaptation enables precise minimally invasive procedures. This invention features a specially optimized structure to meet the needs of image-guided procedures: the frosted surface design at the front of the outer cannula increases ultrasound echo intensity by over 40%, solving the problems of unclear imaging and difficult positioning of traditional smooth metal needles under ultrasound; combined with the graduated markings on the side wall, the operator can observe the puncture depth in real time under CT and ultrasound imaging, precisely controlling the distance between the needle tip and the lesion / pleura. This design is particularly suitable for obese patients, patients with pleural thickening, and patients with chest deformities, allowing pleural puncture accuracy to be controlled within 1mm, reducing radiation exposure from repeated CT scans, and achieving truly precise minimally invasive surgery.

[0032] 6. Detailed structural optimization, balancing operational reliability and clinical applicability. To address the pain points in clinical procedures, this invention features several targeted optimizations: First, the ventilation port adopts an elongated oval design, avoiding the problem of traditional round holes being easily blocked by pleural tissue, ensuring continuous unobstructed air / fluid passages; second, the tapered interface and threaded locking structure at the rear end enable rapid sealing connection with standard clinical equipment such as syringes and infusion sets, preventing air leakage during operation; third, the matching sealing plug can seal the lumen during operation intervals, maintaining a negative pressure state in the pleural cavity and preventing abnormal entry of outside air; fourth, the main body is made of medical-grade stainless steel, possessing both excellent biocompatibility and structural strength, capable of withstanding high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization, meeting the requirements of standardized large-scale production, while ensuring mechanical stability during puncture, avoiding operation failures caused by needle bending. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings of this invention are as follows: Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the outer tube of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer tube structure of the present invention. Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part I in the image.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the puncture needle of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the puncture needle and outer sheath after assembly according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the first type of pneumothorax needle in this invention.

[0038] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of part II in the image.

[0039] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumothorax needle.

[0040] Figure 9 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the pneumothorax needle and the outer tube.

[0041] Figure 10 This is an external view of the second type of pneumothorax needle in this invention.

[0042] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Enlarged view of part III in the image.

[0043] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumothorax needle.

[0044] Figure 13 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the pneumothorax needle and the outer tube.

[0045] Figure 14 This is an external view of the third type of pneumothorax needle in this invention.

[0046] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 Enlarged view of part IV in the image.

[0047] Figure 16 yes Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumothorax needle.

[0048] Figure 17 yes Figure 14 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the pneumothorax needle and the outer tube.

[0049] Figure 18 This is an external view of the fourth type of pneumothorax needle in this invention.

[0050] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A magnified view of part V in the image.

[0051] Figure 20 yes Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumothorax needle.

[0052] Figure 21 yes Figure 18 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the pneumothorax needle and the outer tube.

[0053] Figure 22 This is a diagram of the sealing and plugging structure.

[0054] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Outer tube; 1A. First opening; 1B. First vent; 1C. First interface; 2. Puncture needle; 2A. Puncture needle tip; 2B. Puncture needle shaft; 3. Pneumothorax needle; 3A. Second vent; 3B. Pneumothorax needle shaft; 3C. Second interface; 3D. Second opening; 4. Sealing plug. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. Example 1

[0056] The overall structure of the artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this embodiment is as follows: Figures 1-9 As shown in Figure 22, the device includes a puncture needle 2 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The front end of the outer tube 1 is provided with a first opening 1A for the puncture needle tip 2A to enter and exit. Figures 1-3 As shown; the outer sleeve 1 has a first interface 1C at its rear end that communicates with its inner cavity, as shown. Figure 2 , 5 As shown; it also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle 3 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a hollow tubular structure. The second interface 3C communicates with the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a smooth, convex curved surface. A second vent hole 3A communicating with its cavity is opened on the side wall of the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The second vent hole 3A can be located outside the first opening 1A as the pneumothorax needle rod 3B moves axially within the outer tube 1. Figures 7-9 As shown; Structure 2: The edge of the first opening 1A is a smooth, non-sharp structure. The front side wall of the outer sleeve 1 has a first vent 1B that communicates with its inner cavity. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0057] In this embodiment, the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B is a smooth, convex curved surface, adopting a dome shape with a rounded top and gently transitioning sides. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B is a blind end, such as... Figures 6-9 As shown.

[0058] In this invention, the edge of the first opening 1A adopts a smooth transition surface formed by blunting, a chamfered structure, and a rounded corner structure. It achieves a smooth transition structure without sharp edges through deburring, blunting, or rounding treatment of sharp edges. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0059] The first vent 1B and the second vent 3A are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 1 or the pneumothorax needle rod 3B.

[0060] The puncture needle tip 2A is a pyramidal structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft 2B, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0061] The outer tube 1 has scale markings on its side wall surface, and the front side wall surface of the outer tube 1 is frosted.

[0062] The first interface 1C includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of the puncture needle 1, and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device, such as... Figure 2 , 5 As shown in Figure 9; the second interface 3C includes a tapered port adapted to liquid or gas conveying equipment, such as... Figure 8 , 9 As shown.

[0063] It also includes a sealing plug 4 for sealing the lumen of the outer tube 1 or the pneumothorax needle 3, such as Figure 22 As shown.

[0064] The puncture needle 2 has a bulging gripping part at its rear end, and the surface of the gripping part is provided with a threaded structure that can mate with adjacent components, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0065] The puncture needle shaft 2B, puncture needle tip 2A, and pneumothorax needle shaft 2B are made of medical stainless steel.

[0066] The usage method of this embodiment is as described above.

[0067] In this embodiment, the pneumothorax needle is designed with a dome shape at the top and a smooth transition on the sides, resulting in a larger contact area at the end face. This helps to better avoid puncturing the visceral pleura in patients with fragile lung tissue. At the same time, the use of a separate outer cannula simplifies the operation steps and shortens the operation time, making it suitable for patients with good basic conditions and lower operation difficulty. Example 2

[0068] The overall structure of the artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this embodiment is as follows: Figures 1-5 As shown in Figures 10-13 and 22, the device includes a puncture needle 2 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer sleeve 1. The front end of the outer sleeve 1 is provided with a first opening 1A for the puncture needle tip 2A to enter and exit. Figures 1-3 As shown; the outer sleeve 1 has a first interface 1C at its rear end that communicates with its inner cavity, as shown. Figure 2 , 5 As shown; it also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle 3 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a hollow tubular structure. The second interface 3C communicates with the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a smooth, convex curved surface. A second vent hole 3A communicating with its cavity is opened on the side wall of the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The second vent hole 3A can be located outside the first opening 1A as the pneumothorax needle rod 3B moves axially within the outer tube 1. Figures 7-9 As shown; Structure 2: The edge of the first opening 1A is a smooth, non-sharp structure. The front side wall of the outer sleeve 1 has a first vent 1B that communicates with its inner cavity. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0069] In this embodiment, the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod is a smooth, convex curved surface, which is an overall spherical hemisphere. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B is a blind end, such as... Figures 10-13 As shown.

[0070] In this invention, the edge of the first opening 1A adopts a smooth transition surface formed by blunting, a chamfered structure, and a rounded corner structure. It achieves a smooth transition structure without sharp edges through deburring, blunting, or rounding treatment of sharp edges. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0071] The first vent 1B and the second vent 3A are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 1 or the pneumothorax needle rod 3B.

[0072] The puncture needle tip 2A is a pyramidal structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft 2B, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0073] The outer tube 1 has scale markings on its side wall surface, and the front side wall surface of the outer tube 1 is frosted.

[0074] The first interface 1C includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of the puncture needle 1, and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device, such as... Figure 2 , 5 As shown in Figure 13; the second interface 3C includes a tapered port adapted to liquid or gas conveying equipment, such as... Figure 12 , 13 As shown.

[0075] It also includes a sealing plug 4 for sealing the lumen of the outer tube 1 or the pneumothorax needle 3, such as Figure 22 As shown.

[0076] The puncture needle 2 has a bulging gripping part at its rear end, and the surface of the gripping part is provided with a threaded structure that can mate with adjacent components, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0077] The puncture needle shaft 2B, puncture needle tip 2A, and pneumothorax needle shaft 2B are made of medical stainless steel.

[0078] The usage method of this embodiment is as described above.

[0079] In this embodiment, the spherical pneumothorax needle tip has optimal smoothness, allowing it to slide along the pleural texture during insertion, further reducing the risk of pleural damage. For patients with mild pleural thickening, this design ensures penetration of the parietal pleura while avoiding scratching the visceral pleura, resulting in less pain and better patient tolerance during the procedure. Furthermore, the use of a separate outer cannula simplifies the procedure and shortens the time, making it suitable for patients with good underlying conditions and lower surgical difficulty. Example 3

[0080] The overall structure of the artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this embodiment is as follows: Figures 1-5 As shown in Figures 14-17 and 22, the device includes a puncture needle 2 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The front end of the outer tube 1 is provided with a first opening 1A for the puncture needle tip 2A to enter and exit. Figures 1-3 As shown; the outer sleeve 1 has a first interface 1C at its rear end that communicates with its inner cavity, as shown. Figure 2 , 5 As shown; it also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle 3 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a hollow tubular structure. The second interface 3C communicates with the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a smooth, convex curved surface. A second vent hole 3A communicating with its cavity is opened on the side wall of the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The second vent hole 3A can be located outside the first opening 1A as the pneumothorax needle rod 3B moves axially within the outer tube 1. Figures 15-17 As shown; Structure 2: The edge of the first opening 1A is a smooth, non-sharp structure. The front side wall of the outer sleeve 1 has a first vent 1B that communicates with its inner cavity. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0081] In this embodiment, the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod is a smooth, convex curved surface, which is an overall spherical hemisphere. A second opening 3D, communicating with the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B, is formed at the front end. The edges of the second opening 3D are smoothly transitioned, non-sharp structures. Figures 14-17 As shown.

[0082] In this embodiment, the edges of the first opening 1A and the second opening 3D are formed with smooth transition surfaces, chamfered structures, and rounded corner structures through deburring, sharp edge blunting, or sharp edge rounding to create a smooth transition structure without sharp edges. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0083] The first vent 1B and the second vent 3A are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 1 or the pneumothorax needle rod 3B.

[0084] The puncture needle tip 2A is a pyramidal structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft 2B, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0085] The outer tube 1 has scale markings on its side wall surface, and the front side wall surface of the outer tube 1 is frosted.

[0086] The first interface 1C includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of the puncture needle 1, and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device, such as... Figure 2 , 5 As shown in Figure 17; the second interface 3C includes a tapered port adapted to liquid or gas conveying equipment, such as... Figure 16 , 17 As shown.

[0087] It also includes a sealing plug 4 for sealing the lumen of the outer tube 1 or the pneumothorax needle 3, such as Figure 22 As shown.

[0088] The puncture needle 2 has a bulging gripping part at its rear end, and the surface of the gripping part is provided with a threaded structure that can mate with adjacent components, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0089] The puncture needle shaft 2B, puncture needle tip 2A, and pneumothorax needle shaft 2B are made of medical stainless steel.

[0090] The usage method of this embodiment is as described above.

[0091] In addition to the advantages of the device in Embodiment 2, this embodiment uses a multi-directional ventilation port including a second ventilation port and a second opening. This ensures that even if the second ventilation port is blocked by adhesive tissue, ventilation can still be achieved through the second opening, ensuring the accuracy of liquid level identification and avoiding misjudgment of position due to blockage of the second ventilation port. This improves the success rate of the operation and is especially suitable for patients with a small amount of adhesion in the pleural cavity. Example 4

[0092] The overall structure of the artificial pneumothorax puncture device in this embodiment is as follows: Figures 1-5 As shown in Figures 18-22, the device includes a puncture needle 2 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer sleeve 1. The front end of the outer sleeve 1 is provided with a first opening 1A for the puncture needle tip 2A to enter and exit. Figures 1-3 As shown; the outer sleeve 1 has a first interface 1C at its rear end that communicates with its inner cavity, as shown. Figure 2 , 5 As shown; it also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle 3 that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube 1. The pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a hollow tubular structure. The second interface 3C communicates with the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B has a smooth, convex curved surface. A second vent hole 3A communicating with its cavity is opened on the side wall of the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B. The second vent hole 3A can be located outside the first opening 1A as the pneumothorax needle rod 3B moves axially within the outer tube 1. Figures 19-21 As shown; Structure 2: The edge of the first opening 1A is a smooth, non-sharp structure. The front side wall of the outer sleeve 1 has a first vent 1B that communicates with its inner cavity. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0093] In this embodiment, the front end of the pneumothorax needle rod is a smooth, convex curved surface, adopting a smooth, streamlined, bullet-shaped protrusion. The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod 3B is a blind end, such as... Figures 18-21 As shown.

[0094] In this embodiment, the edge of the first opening 1A adopts a smooth transition surface formed by blunting, a chamfered structure, and a rounded corner structure. It is a smooth transition structure without sharp edges, achieved through deburring, blunting, or rounding of sharp edges. Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0095] The first vent 1B and the second vent 3A are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 1 or the pneumothorax needle rod 3B.

[0096] The puncture needle tip 2A is a pyramidal structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft 2B, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0097] The outer tube 1 has scale markings on its side wall surface, and the front side wall surface of the outer tube 1 is frosted.

[0098] The first interface 1C includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of the puncture needle 1, and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device, such as... Figure 2 , 5 As shown in Figure 21; the second interface 3C includes a tapered port adapted to liquid or gas conveying equipment, such as... Figure 20 , 21 As shown.

[0099] It also includes a sealing plug 4 for sealing the lumen of the outer tube 1 or the pneumothorax needle 3, such as Figure 22 As shown.

[0100] The puncture needle 2 has a bulging gripping part at its rear end, and the surface of the gripping part is provided with a threaded structure that can mate with adjacent components, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown.

[0101] The puncture needle shaft 2B, puncture needle tip 2A, and pneumothorax needle shaft 2B are made of medical stainless steel.

[0102] The usage method of this embodiment is as described above.

[0103] In this embodiment, the pneumothorax needle is designed with a smooth, streamlined, bullet-shaped tip, which provides a larger contact area. This helps to better avoid puncturing the visceral pleura in patients with fragile lung tissue. The separate use of the outer cannula simplifies the procedure and shortens the operation time, making it suitable for patients with good underlying conditions and lower operational difficulty.

Claims

1. An artificial pneumothorax puncture device, comprising a puncture needle (2) that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of an outer tube (1), wherein the front end of the outer tube (1) is provided with a first opening (1A) for the needle tip (2A) to enter and exit, and the rear end of the outer tube (1) is provided with a first interface (1C) communicating with its inner cavity; characterized in that It also includes one of the following structures: Structure 1 includes a pneumothorax needle (3) that can be coaxially slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the outer tube (1). The pneumothorax needle rod (3B) adopts a hollow tubular structure. The second interface (3C) is connected to the inner cavity of the pneumothorax needle rod (3B). The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod (3B) is a smoothly transitioned plane or a smoothly raised curved surface. The front end side wall of the pneumothorax needle rod (3B) is opened with a second ventilation hole (3A) that is connected to its lumen. The second ventilation hole (3A) can be located outside the first opening (1A) as the pneumothorax needle rod (3B) moves axially within the outer tube (1). Structure 2: The edge of the first opening (1A) is a smooth transition non-sharp structure, and the front side wall of the outer tube (1) is provided with a first vent hole (1B) that communicates with its inner cavity.

2. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The front end of the pneumothorax needle rod (3B) is a blind end.

3. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 2, characterized in that... The pneumothorax needle rod (3B) has a second opening (3D) at its front end that communicates with its internal cavity. The edge of the second opening (3D) is a smooth, non-sharp structure.

4. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that... The edges of the first opening (1A) and the second opening (3D) are formed by a smooth transition surface, a chamfered structure, a rounded corner structure, or a smooth transition structure without sharp edges.

5. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first vent (1B) and the second vent (3A) are elongated holes opened along the axial direction of the outer sleeve (1) or the pneumothorax needle rod (3B).

6. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The puncture needle tip (2A) is a conical structure located at the front end of the puncture needle shaft (2B).

7. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The outer tube (1) has scale markings on its side wall surface.

8. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The front sidewall surface of the outer tube (1) is frosted.

9. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The first interface (1C) includes a threaded structure that can be adapted to the rear end of the puncture needle (2), and / or a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device; the second interface (3C) includes a tapered port adapted to a liquid or gas delivery device.

10. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... It also includes a sealing plug (4) for sealing the lumen of the outer tube (1) or the pneumothorax needle (3).

11. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The puncture needle (2) has a bulging grip at the rear end, and the surface of the grip is provided with a threaded structure that can be matched with the outer tube (1).

12. The artificial pneumothorax puncture device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5 to 11, characterized in that... The puncture needle shaft (2B), puncture needle tip (2A), and pneumothorax needle shaft (3B) are made of medical-grade stainless steel.

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