A biochar-based fertilizer capable of reducing obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil, and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of biological carbon-based fertilizer of reducing sand ginger black soil obstacle factor and its preparation method and application, the preparation raw material of the biological carbon-based fertilizer, according to weight parts, including magnesium-pit pit clay modified biochar 5-10, urea powder 0-50 parts, ammonium chloride powder 4-20 parts, monoammonium phosphate powder 10-30 parts, potassium chloride powder 10-30 parts, ammoniated humic acid 5-15 parts, liquid adhesive 1-10 parts.The biological carbon-based fertilizer of the present application is introduced by rich Mg 2+ Pit pit clay modified biochar-based composite carrier, using ion exchange replacement sand ginger black soil interlayer Na + Of montmorillonite, compressed diffusion double electric layer to inhibit soil swelling, while the bridging effect of carbon-based surface functional groups and Mg 2+ , promote soil particle aggregation to form stable structure, and utilize the porous characteristics of carbon-based and hydrophilic group to enhance the water holding capacity of soil, so as to reduce sand ginger black soil dry shrinkage and other obstacle factors, promote soil fertility and sustainable development of agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste biological resource utilization and the improvement of productivity in low- and medium-yield farmland. Specifically, it relates to a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] The sandy black soil has a heavy, compacted structure, poor permeability, and strong expansibility and contractility, which easily leads to alternating waterlogging and drought, seriously affecting crop yields. Therefore, improving the soil structure, enhancing fertility, and regulating water in sandy black soil to unleash its production potential is of great significance for achieving stable grain production and sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Biochar, due to its abundant porous structure and surface activity, is often used to condition the soil environment and as a fertilizer carrier. However, unmodified biochar has very limited soil improvement effects, and since it is mainly composed of carbon, it provides very little readily available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, requiring additional fertilization to meet crop needs. Currently, the biochar used in commercially available biochar-based fertilizers is generally not functionalized for soil characteristics, and its soil improvement effects vary significantly depending on soil type. For example, Chinese patent CN107698387B discloses a modified... The patented biochar-based peanut fertilizer for sandy loam black soil and its preparation method, although containing biochar, does not specifically modify the biochar, nor does it mention the fertilizer's effect on improving the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil, such as aggregate structure, linear expansion coefficient, and soil bulk density. Therefore, given the characteristics of sandy loam black soil, such as heavy clay, rich in expansive montmorillonite, shrinkage and swelling with moisture, and poor permeability, there is an urgent need to develop a biochar-based fertilizer with strong adaptability, high economic efficiency, and the ability to improve the aforementioned hindering factors of sandy loam black soil, as well as its preparation method and application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, as well as its preparation method and application, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, wherein the raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 5-10 parts magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar, 0-50 parts urea powder, 4-20 parts ammonium chloride powder, 10-30 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 10-30 parts potassium chloride powder, 5-15 parts ammonium humic acid, and 1-10 parts liquid binder.

[0006] As a further optimization of the present invention, the total nutrients of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil satisfy: N+P2O5+K2≥20wt%.

[0007] As a further optimization of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar include, by weight, 4-20 parts of dry biomass powder, 1-5 parts of attapulgite, and 2-10 parts of magnesium chloride. The biomass powder is at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, corn cob, and rice straw.

[0008] As a further optimization of the present invention, the liquid binder is amino acid fermentation waste liquid.

[0009] This invention also provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil as described above, the method comprising the following steps: (1) After thoroughly mixing biomass powder with magnesium chloride powder and attapulgite powder, a mixed powder is obtained. After pyrolysis in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar is obtained. (2) The magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar obtained in step (1) is mixed with urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder and ammoniated humic acid for granulation. During the granulation process, liquid binder is sprayed into the solid material. After granulation, the granules are dried, cooled and screened to obtain biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, in step (1), the mixed powder is transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and pyrolyzed at 10-15℃ / min to 450-550℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, in step (1), the mixed powder is transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and pyrolyzed at 10-15℃ / min to 450-550℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, in step (2), the drying temperature of the granular material is controlled at 50-60℃, and the material is dried until the moisture content of the biochar-based fertilizer is ≤2wt%.

[0013] The present invention also provides the application of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam black soil as described above in soil improvement and slow-release fertilizer. The biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam black soil is used as arable land fertilizer for sandy loam black soil, which can improve soil bulk density, water holding capacity, linear expansion coefficient, soil aggregate structure, and slow release nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.

[0014] The application of a biochar-based fertilizer, as described above, which can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, in soil improvement and slow-release fertilizer, wherein the crops are corn and wheat.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, under field experimental conditions, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 58-80 kg per mu. When the test crop is wheat, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 76-80 kg per mu when applying full nitrogen (equivalent to N application rate: 20 kg / mu); and the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 65-68 kg per mu when applying reduced nitrogen (equivalent to N application rate: 17 kg / mu). When the test crop is corn, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 69-72 kg per mu when applying full nitrogen (equivalent to N application rate: 18 kg / mu); and the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 58-62 kg per mu when applying reduced nitrogen (equivalent to N application rate: 15.3 kg / mu).

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) The biochar-based fertilizer of this invention can be applied to soil improvement and crop planting in low-yield fields of sandy loam black soil in the Huai River Basin, by introducing Mg-rich soil. 2+ Attapulgite-modified biochar-based composite carriers utilize ion exchange to replace Na+ in the montmorillonite interlayer of sandy black soil. + Compression diffusion double layer to suppress soil swelling, while utilizing carbon-based surface functional groups and Mg 2+ The bridging effect promotes the aggregation of soil particles to form a stable structure, and enhances the soil's water-holding capacity by utilizing the porous properties of carbon-based materials and hydrophilic groups, thereby reducing obstacles such as the shrinkage and swelling of sandy black soil and promoting soil fertility improvement and sustainable agricultural production. 2) The amino acid and colloidal components in this invention have good binding properties. Using them in the preparation of biochar-based fertilizers can not only effectively improve the adhesion and structural stability of fertilizer particles, but also increase the nitrogen content in the fertilizer, realizing the high-value utilization of waste resources. Therefore, using amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a binder and nitrogen source supplement is of positive significance for promoting the performance improvement of biochar-based fertilizers. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A photograph of the appearance of the biochar-based fertilizer of the present invention, which can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil; Figure 2 A comparative diagram showing the effects of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention on improving the properties of sandy black soil; Figure 3 The graphs show the effects of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention on improving the swelling properties of montmorillonite. Figure 4 A comparative diagram showing the effects of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention on improving aggregates in sandy black soil in the field; Figure 5 The cumulative nitrogen release rate (28d) of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention is shown in the figure. Figure 6 The cumulative phosphorus release rate (28d) of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention is shown in the figure.

[0018] Figure 7 Statistical chart (field) showing the effects of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention on wheat growth promotion; Figure 8 This is a statistical chart (field) showing the growth-promoting effects of different biochar-based fertilizers of the present invention on corn. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and several optional embodiments. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Any technical features and implementation schemes in the following embodiments are one or more of the various optional technical features and implementation schemes. For the sake of simplicity, this document cannot exhaustively list all the alternative technical features and implementation schemes contained in this patent. Therefore, those skilled in the art should know that any technical features and implementation schemes in this embodiment do not limit the scope of protection of this patent. The scope of protection includes all alternative technical features and implementation schemes adopted by those skilled in the art without creative effort.

[0020] I. Explanation 1. Ammonified humic acid: Humic acid treated with ammonium bicarbonate; 2. Liquid binder: Amino acid fermentation waste liquid, a byproduct (waste liquid) remaining after the extraction of the target product during the fermentation production of amino acids. It is rich in amino acids and colloidal components, has good binding properties, and has an nitrogen content of 2-6%. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, the techniques and conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions shall be followed. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments used are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0021] II. Methods Example 1 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 39.33%, and the organic matter content was 9.60%.

[0022] Example 2 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry wheat straw biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 39.51%, and the organic matter content was 9.60%.

[0023] Example 3 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dried soybean straw biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 40.06%, and the organic matter content was 9.60%.

[0024] Example 4 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 5 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 40.4%, and the organic matter content was 7.35%.

[0025] Example 5 In this embodiment, a method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 4 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 5 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 40.09%, and the organic matter content was 9.6%.

[0026] Example 6 In this embodiment, a method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 5 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 30 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 44.7%, and the organic matter content was 8.7%.

[0027] Example 7 In this embodiment, a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil is provided. The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 5 parts of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 30 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammonium humic acid, and 5 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 45.31%, and the organic matter content was 8.7%.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil. The raw materials for preparing this biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material, 45 parts urea powder, 10 parts ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts potassium chloride powder, 8 parts ammonium humic acid, and 10 parts water. The specific preparation method of this biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500℃ for 2 hours at a heating rate of 10℃ / min to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix them evenly and then granulate them. During the granulation process, water is used as a liquid binder and sprayed to obtain granular material. The granulated material is placed in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 43.56%, and the organic matter content was 9.60%.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil. The raw materials for preparing this biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts magnesium-modified biochar material, 45 parts urea powder, 10 parts ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts potassium chloride powder, 8 parts ammoniated humic acid, and 10 parts amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of this biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dried corn stalk biomass powder and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min for 2 hours to obtain magnesium-modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix them evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry it until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 40.73%, and the organic matter content was 8.4%.

[0030] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil. The raw materials for preparing this biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts of attapulgite-modified biochar material, 45 parts of urea powder, 10 parts of ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts of potassium chloride powder, 8 parts of ammoniated humic acid, and 10 parts of amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of this biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dry corn stalk biomass powder and 3 parts of attapulgite powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min for 2 hours to obtain attapulgite-modified biochar material. 2) Take the attapulgite-modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix them evenly and then granulate them. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry it until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 41.94%, and the organic matter content was 9.6%.

[0031] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil. The raw materials for preparing this biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts magnesium-bentonite modified biochar material, 45 parts urea powder, 10 parts ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts potassium chloride powder, 8 parts ammoniated humic acid, and 10 parts amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of this biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) After thoroughly mixing 12 parts of dried corn stalk biomass powder, 3 parts of bentonite powder, and 6 parts of magnesium chloride powder, the mixture was transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heated to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min for 2 hours to obtain magnesium-bentonite modified biochar material. 2) Take the magnesium-bentonite modified biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder, and ammonified humic acid. Mix them evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry it until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and sieving, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 39.33%, and the organic matter content was 9.3%.

[0032] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy loam black soil. The raw materials for preparing this biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 8 parts biochar material, 45 parts urea powder, 10 parts ammonium chloride powder, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 12 parts potassium chloride powder, 8 parts ammoniated humic acid, and 10 parts amino acid fermentation waste liquid. The specific preparation method of this biochar-based fertilizer is as follows: 1) Place 12 portions of dried corn stalk biomass powder into an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and heat it to 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min for 2 hours to obtain biochar material. 2) Take the biochar material obtained in step 1) above, and add urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder and ammonified humic acid. Mix evenly and then granulate. During the granulation process, use amino acid fermentation waste liquid as a liquid binder and spray it to obtain granular material. Place the granulated material in a forced-air drying oven to dry until the moisture content is ≤2wt%. After cooling and screening, the final product is obtained, which is biochar-based fertilizer granules that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil. The total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) of the prepared biochar-based fertilizer granules were 43.23%, and the organic matter content was 8.4%.

[0033] III. Experimental Verification (1) Experiment on the soil conditioning effect of biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil on sandy black soil in low- and medium-yield fields in the Huaihe River Basin To verify the soil improvement effect of biochar-based fertilizer on sandy loam black soil in different regions, this application selected magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar-based fertilizer (Example 3). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, magnesium-modified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 2), attapulgite-modified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 3), magnesium-modified bentonite-biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 4), and unmodified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 5) were subjected to a 30-day soil cultivation experiment at room temperature. The amount of biochar-based fertilizer applied was 1-10% of the mass of the tested soil (in this application, the amount of biochar-based fertilizer applied was 3% of the mass of the tested soil).

[0034] Experimental results: such as Figure 2As shown, after applying different biochar-based fertilizers to each group, the bulk density and linear expansion coefficient of sandy ginger black soil decreased compared with the control group (with no biochar-based fertilizer added as the control), and the field water holding capacity increased compared with the control group. Among them, the biochar-based fertilizer with magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar as the carbon carrier in Example 3 had the most significant effect. Secondly, this invention selected magnesium-attapulgite soil modified biochar-based fertilizer with different addition amounts (Example 3), magnesium-modified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 2), attapulgite soil modified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 3), magnesium-modified bentonite-biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 4), and unmodified biochar-based fertilizer (Comparative Example 5) and conducted montmorillonite cultivation experiments at room temperature for 30 days. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the addition amount of each biochar-based fertilizer reduced the linear expansion coefficient of montmorillonite. The effect of the 9% addition amount of magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar-based fertilizer was the most significant, reducing the linear expansion coefficient by 3.23 times.

[0035] Field experiment of biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy black soil: The biochar-based fertilizer (magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar) prepared in Examples 1-3 and 7 above, the biochar-based fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1-5 and the chemical fertilizer group (commercial chemical fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O:25-13-7) that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy black soil were selected and field experiment was conducted at room temperature. After the crops matured, the experimental soil was taken for testing, and the changes in soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, linear expansion coefficient and soil aggregate were obtained.

[0036] Experimental results: such as Figure 4 As shown, after applying the biochar-based fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Example 7, which can reduce the obstacle factors in sandy loam black soil, the soil bulk density was reduced, and the field water holding capacity increased by 14.26% and 8.22% respectively compared with the chemical fertilizer group; the linear expansion coefficient decreased by 20.52% and 22.75% respectively compared with the chemical fertilizer group; the dominant particle size in the soil of the chemical fertilizer group was 0.25-1mm, accounting for 24.18%; followed by >5mm, accounting for 23.57%; compared with the chemical fertilizer group, Examples 1 and 2 significantly increased the proportion of >5mm particles, by 54.51% and 44.89% respectively; while in the <0.053mm particle size, Examples 1 and 2 significantly reduced the proportion of <0.053mm particles, by 68.84% and 51.04% respectively.

[0037] Table 1. Experimental data on the aggregate stability of different biochar-based fertilizers Note: MWD: Mean Weight Diameter; GMD: Geometric Mean Diameter; R0.25: Content of agglomerates >0.25mm; Experimental results: Compared with comparative examples 1-5, the MWD, GMD, and R0.25 of Example 3 increased by 14.64%-20.66%, 40.48%-77.00%, and 6.17%-11.69%, respectively; compared with comparative examples 1-5, the MWD, GMD, and R0.25 of Example 7 increased by 16.20%-22.30%, 47.62%-86.00%, and 8.64%-14.29%, respectively, showing significant advantages.

[0038] (2) Experiment on the slow-release effect of biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstruction factors of sandy ginger black soil on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. Weigh 5g each of Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1 (biochar-based fertilizer without amino acid fermentation waste liquid) and the chemical fertilizer group. Set up a 400g soil column and compact it. Spread the fertilizer evenly, then cover it with a 10g soil layer and 10g vermiculite. Add 250mL of distilled water on the first day of the experiment, and then slowly add 100mL of distilled water every day thereafter. Collect the leachate and measure the concentrations of TN and TP in the sample solution on days 1-7, 10, 14 and 28. Calculate the cumulative release of nitrogen and phosphorus from different fertilizers.

[0039] Experimental results: such as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the nitrogen and phosphorus release rates in the fertilizer group were 93.67% and 60.60%, respectively; in Comparative Example 1, the nitrogen and phosphorus release rates were 78.46% and 50.49%, respectively; in Example 3, the nitrogen and phosphorus release rates were 74.63% and 48.31%, respectively; and in Example 4, the nitrogen and phosphorus release rates were 72.60% and 45.77%, respectively. Compared to the fertilizer group, the nitrogen and phosphorus release rates in Example 3 decreased by 20.32% and 20.27%, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus release rates in Example 4... The release rates decreased by 22.49% and 24.46%, respectively. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in Example 3 decreased by 4.88% and 7.47%, respectively; the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in Example 4 decreased by 4.31% and 9.33%, respectively. Therefore, compared with chemical fertilizers and biochar-based fertilizers without amino acid fermentation waste liquid, biochar-based fertilizers with added amino acid fermentation waste liquid (Examples 3 and 4) release nitrogen and phosphorus elements at a slower rate within 28 days, and have a better slow-release effect.

[0040] (3) Experiment on the effects of biochar-based fertilizers that can reduce the hindering factors of sandy black soil on the growth performance of wheat and corn. To verify the growth-promoting effect of biochar-based fertilizer on crops, a year-round field trial was conducted using the biochar-based fertilizers prepared in Examples 3, 5, 6, and 7 of the chemical fertilizer group, which can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil. The test site was located in Suixi County, and the test crops were wheat and corn. (Under the field test conditions, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil was 58-80 kg per mu. When the test crop was wheat, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer with total nitrogen application was 76-80 kg per mu (equivalent to N application rate: 20 kg). g / mu). The application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer with reduced nitrogen application is 65-68 kg / mu (equivalent to N application rate: 17 kg / mu); when the test crop is maize, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer with full nitrogen application is 69-72 kg / mu (equivalent to N application rate: 18 kg / mu), and the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer with reduced nitrogen application is 58-62 kg / mu (equivalent to N application rate: 15.3 kg / mu). The experiment was designed with three treatments, each treatment was repeated three times, and the experimental design for each group is shown in Table 2: Table 2 Experimental Design Record Sheet Experimental results: such as Figure 7 As shown, the average wheat plant height obtained in the fertilizer group was 36.12 cm, the wheat plant height in Example 5 was 36.71 cm, and the wheat plant height in Example 6 was 36.06 cm. Under the condition of 15% nitrogen reduction, the wheat plant heights obtained in Examples 5 and 6 were 38.53 cm and 36.22 cm, respectively. The average stem diameter of the wheat obtained in the fertilizer group was 11.96 mm, the wheat stem diameter in Example 5 was 14.70 mm, and the wheat stem diameter in Example 6 was 10.13 mm. Under the condition of 15% nitrogen reduction, the wheat stem diameters obtained in Examples 5 and 6 were 13.64 mm and 11.31 mm, respectively. This indicates that the application of biochar-based fertilizer can promote wheat growth under nitrogen reduction conditions. The average root length of wheat obtained in the fertilizer group was 11.5 cm, while that in Example 5 was 13.44 cm and in Example 6 was 11.81 cm. Under a 15% reduction in nitrogen, the root lengths of wheat obtained in Examples 5 and 6 were 15.17 cm and 12.37 cm, respectively. The average yield of wheat obtained in the fertilizer group was 519.03 kg / mu, while that in Example 5 was 539.22 kg / mu and in Example 6 was 625.81 kg / mu. Under a 15% reduction in nitrogen, the yields of wheat obtained in Examples 5 and 6 were 578.01 kg / mu and 600.35 kg / mu, respectively. This indicates that the application of biochar-based fertilizer and nitrogen reduction treatments both increased the root length and yield of wheat, with root length increasing by 2.69%-31.91% and yield increasing by 3.88%-20.57%. like Figure 8As shown, the average maize plant height obtained in the fertilizer group was 177.76 cm, while the maize plant heights in Examples 3 and 7 were 180.7 cm and 183.4 cm, respectively. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen by 15%, the maize plant heights obtained in Examples 3 and 7 were 180 cm and 184.5 cm, respectively. The average maize stem diameter obtained in the fertilizer group was 23.17 mm, while the maize stem diameters in Examples 3 and 7 were 23.84 mm and 24.17 mm, respectively. Under the condition of reducing nitrogen by 15%, the maize stem diameters obtained in Examples 3 and 7 were 22.34 mm and 22.63 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in maize plant height and stem diameter compared with comparative examples 1-5.

[0041] The average root length of corn obtained in the fertilizer group was 31.85 cm, while the root lengths of corn in Examples 3 and 7 were 36.54 cm and 38 cm, respectively. Under a 15% reduction in nitrogen, the root lengths of corn obtained in Examples 3 and 7 were 34.46 cm and 35.1 cm, respectively. The average yield of corn per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) obtained in the fertilizer group was 486.37 kg / mu, while the yields of corn per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) in Examples 3 and 7 were 530.41 kg / mu and 546.33 kg / mu, respectively. Under a 15% reduction in nitrogen, the average yield of corn in Examples 3 and 7 was... The corn yields obtained in examples 3 and 7 were 569.05 kg / mu and 578.14 kg / mu, respectively. This indicates that the application of biochar-based fertilizer and nitrogen reduction treatments both increased the corn yield per mu, especially under nitrogen reduction conditions, the yield per mu increased significantly by 17.00%-18.87%. On the other hand, the yield per mu of example 3 increased significantly by 8.43%-14.53% compared with comparative examples 1-5, and the yield per mu of example 7 increased by 10.16%-16.36% compared with comparative examples 1-5.

[0042] In summary, compared with chemical fertilizers, the application of the biochar-based fertilizer of this invention, which can reduce the obstacle factors in sandy black soil, can significantly reduce the linear expansion coefficient of crop rhizosphere soil, increase field water holding capacity, improve soil aggregate structure in sandy black soil, and significantly promote the yield increase of wheat and corn.

[0043] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biochar-based fertilizer capable of reducing obstacles in sandy loam and black soil, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, by weight, include 5-10 parts magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar, 0-50 parts urea powder, 4-20 parts ammonium chloride powder, 10-30 parts monoammonium phosphate powder, 10-30 parts potassium chloride powder, 5-15 parts ammonium humic acid, and 1-10 parts liquid binder.

2. The biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, is characterized in that, The total nutrients of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles of sandy ginger black soil meet the requirement of N+P2O5+K2≥20wt%.

3. The biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, is characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar include, by weight, 4-20 parts of dry biomass powder, 1-5 parts of attapulgite, and 2-10 parts of magnesium chloride. The biomass powder is at least one of wheat straw, corn straw, corn cob, and rice straw.

4. The biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which can reduce the obstacles of sandy black soil, is characterized in that, The liquid binder is amino acid fermentation waste liquid.

5. A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer capable of reducing obstacle factors in sandy loam black soil as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) After thoroughly mixing biomass powder with magnesium chloride powder and attapulgite powder, a mixed powder is obtained. After pyrolysis in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar is obtained. (2) The magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar obtained in step (1) is mixed with urea powder, ammonium chloride powder, monoammonium phosphate powder, potassium chloride powder and ammoniated humic acid for granulation. During the granulation process, liquid binder is sprayed into the solid material. After granulation, the granules are dried, cooled and screened to obtain biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil.

6. The method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer capable of reducing obstacle factors in sandy black soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), the mixed powder is transferred to an oxygen-deficient atmosphere and pyrolyzed at 10-15℃ / min to 450-550℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain magnesium-attapulgite modified biochar.

7. The method for preparing biochar-based fertilizer capable of reducing obstacle factors in sandy loam black soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the drying temperature of the granular material is controlled at 50-60℃, and the drying continues until the moisture content of the biochar-based fertilizer is ≤2wt%.

8. The application of a biochar-based fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-4, capable of reducing obstacles in sandy loam black soil, in soil improvement and slow-release fertilizer, characterized in that, The biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacles in sandy black soil can be used as a fertilizer for sandy black soil, improving soil bulk density, water holding capacity, linear expansion coefficient, soil aggregate structure, and slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.

9. The application of a biochar-based fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-4, capable of reducing obstacles in sandy loam and black soil, in promoting crop growth and increasing crop yield, characterized in that: The crops mentioned are corn and wheat.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy ginger black soil is 58-80 kg per mu. When the crop is wheat, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 76-80 kg per mu when applying full nitrogen fertilizer; and 65-68 kg per mu when applying reduced nitrogen fertilizer. When the crop is corn, the application rate of the biochar-based fertilizer that can reduce the obstacle factors of sandy loam and black soil is 69-72 kg per mu when applying full nitrogen fertilizer; and 58-62 kg per mu when applying reduced nitrogen fertilizer.

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