Single-core fiber data acquisition method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a single-core optical fiber data acquisition method and system, and belongs to the technical field of data acquisition. The data acquisition system comprises a main controller, a single-core optical fiber and a plurality of distributed terminals. The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition instruction, triggers all the distributed terminals to synchronously start data acquisition and calculate data length. The main controller establishes a synchronous link with a target distributed terminal through a polling addressing mode. The target distributed terminal sequentially uploads a state packet containing data length, an acquisition data packet and a reporting end signal. After receiving the end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronous link and then sends an addressing instruction of the next target distributed terminal to all the distributed terminals. The previous steps are repeated until the data of all the distributed terminals is converged to the main controller. The data acquisition method accurately schedules the exclusive time length of each distributed terminal to the single-core optical fiber, thereby improving data acquisition efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data acquisition technology, specifically to a single-core optical fiber data acquisition method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In object information monitoring in special environments such as roadbeds and seabeds, micro-distributed systems often utilize single-core optical fibers to collect data through timed, equally distributed acquisition intervals. Because the maximum data acquisition volume of each terminal node differs, the data acquisition time for each terminal node also varies. In existing technologies, a uniform acquisition time Tmax is typically preset for the n terminal nodes of a single-core optical fiber system. Since the data acquisition volume of each terminal node differs, a relatively large acquisition time needs to be set to ensure that all terminal nodes can acquire data within the allotted time. Because only one terminal node is allowed to send a signal at a time in a single-core optical fiber system, the time required for the single-core optical fiber system to acquire data from all terminal nodes is n*Tmax.

[0003] However, due to the dynamic changes in the status of each monitoring point under special conditions, the amount of data collected by each terminal node in a single session is often much smaller than the preset maximum value. Under the fixed collection time mechanism, when the amount of data is small, the communication link will be idle for a long time, resulting in low efficiency of data collection for the entire single-core optical fiber system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a single-core optical fiber data acquisition method and system to solve the problem of low data acquisition efficiency in existing single-core optical fiber systems.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for acquiring data from a single-core optical fiber includes the following steps:

[0007] S101, The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command to multiple distributed terminals via a single-core optical fiber; all the distributed terminals synchronously acquire data based on the data acquisition command and determine the length information of the data to be transmitted back.

[0008] S102. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing instruction with the target distributed terminal identifier to all the distributed terminals; the target distributed terminal matching the addressing instruction sends a synchronization guidance signal back to the main controller, and the main controller establishes a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal according to the synchronization guidance signal.

[0009] S103. The target distributed terminal uploads a status packet containing the length information to the main controller through the synchronization link, and sends a data acquisition packet to the main controller based on the status packet;

[0010] S104. After the target distributed terminal has finished sending the data packets collected in the current period, it sends a reporting end signal to the main controller.

[0011] S105. After receiving the reporting end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link, broadcasts the addressing instruction of the next target terminal identifier, and repeats steps S102 to S104 until the data aggregation of all the distributed terminals is completed; wherein, the duration of each distributed terminal's occupation of the single-core optical fiber is determined in real time by the length information and the reporting end signal.

[0012] The principle of the single-core fiber optic data acquisition method is as follows: The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command in a specific format through a single-core fiber. All distributed terminals synchronously receive and parse this command. After data acquisition, each distributed terminal immediately calculates the length of the data to be uploaded and stores it in a buffer. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing command containing the target distributed terminal identifier to all distributed terminals. Only distributed terminals matching the target distributed terminal identifier send a synchronization guidance signal to the main controller. When the main controller captures the synchronization guidance signal, it performs clock recovery and phase locking to establish a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal. After the synchronization link is established, the target distributed terminal first sends a status packet to the main controller, including length information. Then, the target distributed terminal sends an acquisition data packet and a reporting end signal to the main controller. Upon receiving the end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link and then sends the addressing command for the next target distributed terminal to all distributed terminals. This process is repeated until the data from all distributed terminals converges to the main controller. During the data acquisition process, the exclusive time slot occupied by any distributed terminal for a single-core optical fiber is not a fixed time slot, but is dynamically determined by the expected time slot and the actual time slot. The expected time slot is defined by the length information, while the actual time slot is determined by the reporting end signal. This enables precise scheduling with on-demand allocation and improves data acquisition efficiency.

[0013] Preferably, in step S102, the value of the preset time T is greater than the maximum time required for any of the distributed terminals to complete data acquisition, ensuring that all distributed terminals are ready at the start of the addressing phase, thus avoiding communication failures or incomplete data due to unprepared distributed terminals.

[0014] Preferably, step S102 further includes a distance compensation process:

[0015] The main controller calculates the physical distribution distance between itself and the target distributed terminal based on the round-trip time difference between issuing the addressing command and receiving the synchronization guidance signal. Based on the physical distribution distance, the main controller adjusts the timing of the next time it sends the addressing command to the target distributed terminal.

[0016] By calculating the physical distance between the main controller and the target distributed terminal, the main controller can accurately predict the signal propagation delay in the optical fiber and send instructions earlier or later in the next round of addressing, so that the synchronization guidance signal arrives at the expected time, reducing bandwidth waste caused by fixed waiting time and improving the overall efficiency of polling of multiple distributed terminals.

[0017] Preferably, in step S102, after the main controller sends the addressing command, it starts a delay protection window. During the duration of the delay protection window, the receiving circuit of the main controller is configured to ignore the input optical signal. After the delay protection window ends, the main controller starts receiving and recognizing the synchronization guidance signal.

[0018] The main controller refuses to receive optical signals received within the delay protection window, thereby effectively shielding co-channel interference caused by reflections from the fiber optic link itself and avoiding signal detection errors.

[0019] Preferably, in step S102, if the main controller does not receive the synchronization guidance signal within a specified time after sending the addressing instruction, the main controller will automatically terminate the access attempt of the target distributed terminal and switch to the next target distributed terminal identifier. When a distributed terminal fails, loses power, or has a link interruption, the main controller can automatically skip the failed distributed terminal and continue to execute the polling task of subsequent distributed terminals.

[0020] Preferably, in step S102, during the signal interaction with the target distributed terminal, the main controller synchronously extracts the strength index of the synchronization guidance signal to evaluate whether the physical connection of the single-core optical fiber has worn or aged.

[0021] The main controller stores the standard signal strength value of each distributed terminal when the link is healthy. The standard signal strength value can be learned during the installation and debugging of the single-core fiber optic data acquisition system. In the communication between the target distributed terminal and the main controller, the main controller calculates the difference between the signal strength index of the current synchronization guidance signal and the standard signal strength value. If the difference is greater than the preset threshold, the system can infer that the fiber optic link where the current distributed terminal is located has wear or aging.

[0022] Preferably, the intensity indicators include the optical power intensity and waveform distortion rate of the synchronization guidance signal. If the optical power intensity is less than a preset optical intensity threshold, or the waveform distortion rate is greater than a preset distortion threshold, the main controller marks a link risk warning tag in the collected data of the corresponding target distributed terminal.

[0023] The intensity indicators include the optical power intensity of the synchronization guidance signal and the waveform distortion rate. If the optical power intensity is less than the preset optical intensity threshold, or the waveform distortion rate is greater than the preset distortion threshold, the main controller marks the link risk warning tag in the data collected by the corresponding target distributed terminal, but will not interrupt the current data transmission.

[0024] Preferably, in step S103, the main controller dynamically allocates memory space for receiving the data acquisition packets based on the length information in the received status packet. During the process of receiving the data acquisition packets, the total length of the received data is compared with the length information in real time until the end of the reception, so as to quickly detect whether there are any abnormalities such as missing data or interruption in the data acquisition packets.

[0025] Preferably, in step S104, the reporting end signal further includes an urgency level flag; the main controller dynamically adjusts the addressing order of each distributed terminal in the next acquisition cycle based on the received urgency level flag. A priority strategy is introduced into the basic polling scheduling, improving the efficiency of handling urgent events.

[0026] A single-core optical fiber data acquisition system, used to implement the single-core optical fiber data acquisition method as described in any one of the above claims, comprising:

[0027] Single-core optical fiber is used as a digital communication bus.

[0028] Multiple distributed terminals are mounted on the single-core optical fiber; each distributed terminal includes a communication control module, a sampling module, and a storage module; the communication control module is used to respond to data acquisition commands and to feed back synchronization guidance signals according to the addressing commands in order to establish a backhaul link for the acquired data;

[0029] The main controller is connected to multiple distributed terminals via the single-core optical fiber. The main controller is used to broadcast the data acquisition instructions and addressing instructions, and dynamically manage the exclusive access of each distributed terminal to the single-core optical fiber according to the status packets and reporting end signals uploaded to the main controller by the distributed terminals.

[0030] At the start of each acquisition cycle, the main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command to synchronize all distributed terminals to begin sampling. The main controller then broadcasts an addressing command via polling. When a target distributed terminal matches the target distributed terminal identifier in the addressing command, it responds and sends back a synchronization guidance signal. The target distributed terminal establishes a synchronization link with the main controller and assembles the temporarily stored data into a status packet and a data acquisition packet for transmission back. Based on the real-time data length and reporting end signal in the status packet, the main controller dynamically schedules the access timing and duration of the next distributed terminal, making efficient use of the channel resources of the single-core optical fiber and achieving a faster data acquisition speed.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command via a single-core optical fiber. All distributed terminals synchronously receive and parse this command. After data acquisition, each distributed terminal immediately calculates the length of the data to be uploaded and stores it in a buffer. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing command containing the target distributed terminal identifier to all distributed terminals. Only distributed terminals matching the target distributed terminal identifier send a synchronization guidance signal to the main controller. Once the main controller captures the synchronization guidance signal, it performs clock recovery and phase locking to establish a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal. After the synchronization link is established, the target distributed terminal first sends a status packet to the main controller, including length information. Then, the target distributed terminal sends a data acquisition packet and a reporting end signal to the main controller. Upon receiving the end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link and then sends the addressing command for the next target distributed terminal to all distributed terminals. This process is repeated until the data from all distributed terminals converges to the main controller. During the data acquisition process, the exclusive time slot occupied by any distributed terminal for a single-core optical fiber is not a fixed time slot, but is dynamically determined by the expected time slot and the actual time slot. The expected time slot is defined by the length information, while the actual time slot is determined by the reporting end signal. This enables precise scheduling with on-demand allocation and improves data acquisition efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main controller sending instructions to distributed terminals in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main controller receiving feedback signals from distributed terminals in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a distributed terminal structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a functional diagram of the communication control module in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the signal transmission function of a bidirectional optical splitter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the signal receiving function of a bidirectional optical splitter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the function of the photoelectric converter in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous decoding controller function in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the data transceiver controller function in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for explaining the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the description of this application, it should be understood that terms such as "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "high," "lower," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0047] S101, The main controller broadcasts data acquisition commands to multiple distributed terminals via a single-core optical fiber; all distributed terminals synchronously acquire data based on the data acquisition commands and determine the length information of the data to be transmitted back.

[0048] S102. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing command with the target distributed terminal identifier to all distributed terminals; the target distributed terminal that matches the addressing command sends a synchronization guidance signal back to the main controller, and the main controller establishes a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal based on the synchronization guidance signal.

[0049] S103. The target distributed terminal uploads a status packet containing length information to the main controller through the synchronization link, and sends a data acquisition packet to the main controller based on the status packet.

[0050] S104. After the target distributed terminal has finished sending the data packets collected in the current period, it sends a reporting end signal to the main controller.

[0051] S105. After receiving the reporting end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link, broadcasts the addressing instruction of the next target terminal identifier, and repeats steps S102 to S104 until the data aggregation of all distributed terminals is completed. The duration of each distributed terminal's occupation of a single-core optical fiber is determined in real time by the length information and the reporting end signal.

[0052] The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command in a specific format via a single-core optical fiber. All distributed terminals synchronously receive and parse the data acquisition command, and then the distributed terminals activate their local sensors to acquire data. The synchronization error of the data acquired by each distributed terminal can be controlled within the microsecond level. After the data acquisition is completed, each distributed terminal immediately calculates the byte length of the data to be uploaded, i.e., the length information, and stores it in the cache. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing command containing the target distributed terminal identifier to all distributed terminals. Only distributed terminals matching the target distributed terminal identifier send a synchronization guidance signal, such as a high-frequency clock sequence, to the main controller. Once the main controller captures the synchronization guidance signal, it performs clock recovery and phase locking to establish a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal. After the synchronization link is established, the target distributed terminal first sends a lightweight status packet to the main controller, which may only be a few to tens of bytes long. The key field of the status packet is the previously calculated byte length. Then, the target distributed terminal sends a data acquisition packet to the main controller and, after completing the transmission, sends a reporting end signal. Upon receiving the end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link. Then, the main controller sends the addressing command for the next target distributed terminal to all distributed terminals and repeats the previous steps until the data from all distributed terminals converges to the main controller. During the data acquisition process, the exclusive time slot occupied by any distributed terminal for a single-core optical fiber is not a fixed time slot, but is dynamically determined by the expected time slot and the actual time slot. The expected time slot is defined by the length information, while the actual time slot is determined by the reporting end signal, thereby achieving precise scheduling on demand.

[0053] The "specific format" in a data acquisition instruction refers to a binary data packet structure designed for a proprietary communication protocol that can be unambiguously recognized by all distributed terminals.

[0054] Since each distributed terminal uses an independent local clock, there is a slight frequency deviation between the distributed terminal and the main controller. After the main controller captures the synchronization guidance signal, it extracts the characteristic frequency in the synchronization guidance signal and adjusts its own receiving rhythm to be consistent with the target distributed terminal based on the characteristic frequency. On the basis of the main controller and the target distributed terminal having the same frequency, the main controller precisely calibrates its sampling time to the center area where the waveform of each data pulse is flattest and the level is most solid, thereby achieving reliable data reception with the lowest risk of misjudgment.

[0055] In step S102, the preset time T is greater than the maximum time required for any distributed terminal to complete data collection, ensuring that the collected data to be uploaded is ready before each distributed terminal transmits the data back, thus avoiding data errors caused by incomplete collection.

[0056] In step S102, a distance compensation process is also included: the main controller calculates the physical distribution distance between the main controller and the target distributed terminal based on the round-trip time difference between issuing the addressing command and receiving the synchronization guidance signal, and adjusts the time of the next addressing command to be sent to the target distributed terminal based on the physical distribution distance.

[0057] In long-distance transmission systems using single-core optical fibers, signal propagation delay is not negligible. In this embodiment, the timing of the main controller issuing the addressing command is... The time to receive the synchronization guidance signal from the target distributed terminal is The time difference between the two Physical distribution distance This allows us to calculate the physical distribution distance of the target distributed terminal. Similarly, we can calculate the physical distribution distance of all other distributed terminals. This represents the speed of light. The main controller binds and stores the IDs of each distributed terminal with their corresponding physical distribution distances.

[0058] Based on this, the main controller selects time T0 as the target arrival time for all distributed terminal responses, for any distance L i The inherent propagation delay of the signal from the distributed terminal i to the main controller is: In order for the response signal of distributed terminal i to arrive around time T0, the main controller needs to prepare in advance... The main controller sends addressing instructions to distributed terminal i at all times. Similarly, the main controller sends addressing instructions to each distributed terminal in advance, so that the synchronization guidance signals of all distributed terminals will converge within a very narrow receiving time window centered on T0.

[0059] In a single-fiber bidirectional communication system, optical signals will undergo Fresnel reflection at impedance discontinuities such as fiber optic connectors and fusion splices. The reflected echo will return along the fiber and be detected by the receiver of the main controller. When the target distributed terminal is far away from the main controller, the addressing command issued by the main controller may generate a reflected echo in the fiber. The addressing command has a higher intensity at the near end of the fiber close to the main controller, and the reflected echo generated may arrive at the main controller before the synchronization guidance signal, resulting in signal detection errors and interfering with the normal operation of the single-core fiber optic data system.

[0060] Fresnel reflection refers to harmful back-reflected light generated in an optical fiber link due to impedance discontinuity.

[0061] In this embodiment, after the main controller sends an addressing command, it initiates a delay protection window. During the delay protection window, the main controller's receiving circuit is configured to ignore the input optical signal. After the delay protection window ends, the main controller begins receiving and recognizing the synchronization guidance signal. For example, for a physical distribution distance of L... i The inherent propagation delay of the signal from the distributed terminal i to the main controller. If the delay exceeds the protection window, the main controller will refuse to receive optical signals received within the protection window, thereby effectively shielding co-channel interference caused by reflections from the fiber optic link itself and avoiding signal detection errors.

[0062] In step S102, if the main controller does not receive a synchronization guidance signal within a specified time after sending the addressing command, the main controller will automatically terminate the access attempt of the target distributed terminal and switch to the next target terminal identifier.

[0063] The main controller sets a timeout Tn for each addressing operation, where Tn is based on the inherent propagation delay of distributed terminal i. To set, for example, if the distance between the distributed terminal k and the main controller is 100km, the inherent propagation delay... The signal processing time is approximately 0.5ms, and Tn can be set to 2ms. After the main controller sends an addressing command to the distributed terminal k, it immediately starts a timer and enters a waiting state. If no synchronization guidance signal is received within Tn time, the main controller will clear the current addressing context, release the relevant resources, and then switch to the next target distributed terminal identifier. If a synchronization guidance signal is received within Tn time, a synchronization link is established with the target distributed terminal, and step S103 is executed.

[0064] In step S102, during the signal interaction with the target distributed terminal, the main controller synchronously extracts the strength index of the synchronization guidance signal to evaluate whether the physical connection of the single-core optical fiber has been worn or aged.

[0065] The main controller stores the standard signal strength value of each distributed terminal when the link is healthy. The standard signal strength value can be learned during the installation and debugging of the single-core fiber optic data acquisition system. In the communication between the target distributed terminal and the main controller, the main controller calculates the difference between the signal strength index of the current synchronization guidance signal and the standard signal strength value. If the difference is greater than the preset threshold, the system can infer that the fiber optic link where the current distributed terminal is located has wear or aging.

[0066] In this embodiment, the intensity indicators include the optical power intensity of the synchronization guidance signal and the waveform distortion rate. If the optical power intensity is less than the preset optical intensity threshold, or the waveform distortion rate is greater than the preset distortion threshold, the main controller marks the link risk warning tag in the collected data of the corresponding target distributed terminal, but will not interrupt the current data transmission.

[0067] In step S103, the main controller dynamically allocates memory space for receiving data acquisition packets based on the length information in the received status packet. During the process of receiving data acquisition packets, the total length of the received data is compared with the length information in real time.

[0068] When the main controller receives a status packet containing length information from the target distributed terminal, the main controller's memory management unit immediately allocates a dedicated buffer of matching size from the available memory pool based on the length information. During the data packet reception phase, as the data stream is continuously written, the main controller compares the total length of the received data with the length information in real time until the reception ends, in order to quickly detect whether there are any abnormalities such as missing data or interruption in the data packet.

[0069] In step S104, the reporting end signal also includes an urgency level flag. The main controller dynamically adjusts the addressing order of each distributed terminal in the next acquisition cycle based on the received urgency level flag, for example, "00" indicates normal, "01" indicates general alarm, "10" indicates important alarm, and "11" indicates emergency alarm. All distributed terminals marked as emergency alarms will be given the highest priority, followed by important alarms, then general alarms and normal alarms. Normal distributed terminals will be sorted in their original order, so that important data can be uploaded quickly.

[0070] refer to Figures 2-4 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main controller sending instructions to distributed terminals according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main controller receiving feedback signals from distributed terminals in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a distributed terminal structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention. A single-core optical fiber data acquisition system is used to implement the single-core optical fiber data acquisition method as described in any of the above claims, comprising:

[0071] Single-core optical fiber is used as a digital communication bus.

[0072] Multiple distributed terminals are mounted on a single-core optical fiber; each distributed terminal includes a communication control module, a sampling module, and a storage module; the communication control module is used to respond to data acquisition commands and to feed back synchronization guidance signals according to the addressing commands in order to establish a backhaul link for the acquired data;

[0073] The main controller connects to multiple distributed terminals via a single-core optical fiber. The main controller broadcasts data acquisition and addressing commands, and dynamically manages the exclusive access of each distributed terminal to the single-core optical fiber based on the status packets and reporting termination signals uploaded to the main controller by the distributed terminals.

[0074] In detail, single-core optical fiber, as the sole physical transmission medium in a single-core optical fiber data acquisition system, undertakes the transmission of bidirectional digital optical signals.

[0075] For distributed terminals, the communication control module is responsible for listening to and decoding broadcast instructions from the main controller. When the communication control module receives a data acquisition instruction, it sends a trigger signal to the sampling module. When the addressing instruction received by the communication control module matches its own identifier, it generates and sends a specific synchronization guidance signal light pulse to start the link synchronization process with the main controller and manage the entire data return process.

[0076] The sampling module may include a sensor interface, a digital-to-analog converter and related driving circuits. After receiving the acquisition trigger signal, the sampling module starts the acquisition of physical quantities such as voltage and temperature, and then sends the acquired data to the storage module.

[0077] The storage module is used to temporarily store the collected data output by the sampling module and record the length information of the collected data. Under the scheduling of the communication control module, the storage module assembles the stored data into status packets and collection data packets in sequence and transmits them back to the main controller through the established synchronization link.

[0078] At the beginning of each data acquisition cycle, the main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command via a single-core optical fiber, enabling all distributed terminals to start sampling synchronously. After a preset delay, the main controller sequentially broadcasts addressing commands carrying different distributed terminal identifiers to select the access target in a polling manner. After receiving the synchronization guidance signal from the target distributed terminal, the main controller establishes a physical layer synchronization link with the target distributed terminal. The main controller dynamically prepares receiving resources by parsing the status packets uploaded by the distributed terminals.

[0079] After the data packet transmission ends, the completion of the transmission is confirmed by the reported end signal. Based on the real-time data length and end signal in the status packet, the main controller accurately grasps the actual occupancy requirements of each distributed terminal for single-core optical fiber and the time when data acquisition is completed, thereby scheduling the access timing and duration of the next distributed terminal, so as to achieve efficient utilization of channel resources and orderly aggregation of data throughout the system.

[0080] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In the system constructed by this invention, the main controller uses a first wavelength optical signal to broadcast commands, while the distributed terminal uses a second wavelength to transmit data back. Through the coordination of various modules within the distributed terminal, full-duplex communication of command broadcasting and data time-division aggregation on a single optical fiber is realized.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first wavelength can be 1450nm~1550nm, for example 1490nm; the second wavelength can be 1250nm~1350nm, for example 1310nm.

[0082] In this embodiment, reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a functional diagram of the communication control module according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The communication control module includes:

[0083] A bidirectional optical splitter is connected to a single-core optical fiber. The bidirectional optical splitter is used to bypass the input optical signal and extract it locally according to a preset power ratio in receive-relay mode.

[0084] A photoelectric converter, connected to a bidirectional beam splitter; the photoelectric converter is used to realize bidirectional conversion between optical pulse signals and serial level signals;

[0085] The synchronous decoding controller is connected to the photoelectric converter. The synchronous decoding controller is used to identify the target terminal identifier from the serial level signal, and when the target terminal identifier successfully matches the self-identity of the distributed terminal, it extracts the synchronous sampling clock and outputs the receive enable level.

[0086] The data transceiver controller is connected to the photoelectric converter and the synchronous decoder controller respectively. The data transceiver controller is used to realize the temporary storage and uplink transmission of the acquired data packets under the control of the receive enable level and the synchronous sampling clock.

[0087] In this embodiment, the communication control module includes a bidirectional optical splitter, a photoelectric converter, a synchronous decoding controller, and a data transceiver controller. These components work together to achieve intelligent communication on a single-core optical fiber.

[0088] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the signal transmission function of a bidirectional optical splitter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the signal receiving function of a bidirectional optical splitter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] The bidirectional optical splitter is connected to a single-core fiber and is used to receive or transmit optical signals to the single-core fiber. In receive-forward mode, the bidirectional optical splitter distributes the input optical signal from the single-core fiber according to a preset ratio. The power of the input optical signal is nP, of which 1P power optical signal is distributed to the photoelectric converter, while the (n-1)P power part of the signal is bypassed and distributed to the output of the single-core fiber link, that is, output to other distributed terminals.

[0090] refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the function of the photoelectric converter in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] The input of the photoelectric converter is connected to the bidirectional optical splitter. The photoelectric converter converts the optical pulse signal from the bidirectional optical splitter into a serial electrical signal, i.e., a TTL electrical signal, and then outputs the serial electrical signal to the synchronous decoding controller and the data transceiver controller. In addition, under the control of the enable level, the photoelectric converter converts the serial electrical signal from the data transceiver controller into an optical pulse signal, and then sends it to the single-core optical fiber through the bidirectional optical splitter.

[0092] The photoelectric converter includes a wavelength division multiplexer, a photoelectric signal converter, and an electro-optical signal converter. The wavelength division multiplexer is connected to a bidirectional beam splitter for receiving and transmitting light signals. The wavelength division multiplexer is then connected to a synchronization decoder and a data transceiver controller via the photoelectric signal converter to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. The wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the data transceiver controller via the electro-optical converter to convert the electrical signal into an optical signal.

[0093] refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a functional diagram of the synchronization decoding controller according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The input electrical signal receiving and shaping module inside the synchronization decoding controller uses the original receiving clock generated by the receiving clock generator to perform shaping preprocessing on the serial input electrical signal pulses from the photoelectric converter, in order to eliminate signal noise and jitter and recover a regular electrical signal waveform. The shaped electrical signal is sent to the synchronization head identification circuit, which extracts and identifies the target distributed terminal identifier embedded in the electrical signal, and then compares the target distributed terminal identifier with the target distributed terminal's own preset address.

[0094] If the identifier match is successful, the synchronous decoder controller outputs a valid receive enable level to the data transceiver controller; at the same time, the receive clock correction circuit uses the shaped electrical signal to perform phase-locked correction on the original receive clock and outputs a stable synchronous receive pulse to the data transceiver controller; after the receive enable level and synchronous receive pulse are sent to the data transceiver controller, the synchronous decoder controller will automatically reset the receive enable level and synchronous receive pulse.

[0095] If the target distributed terminal identifier is inconsistent with the target distributed terminal's own preset address, the synchronous decoding controller will not output a receive enable level and will directly abandon the reception of serial input electrical signal pulses, thereby ensuring the efficiency and security of single-core optical fiber communication.

[0096] refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the functions of the data transceiver controller in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] In terms of data reception, the data transceiver controller receives the input electrical signal from the photoelectric converter, performs timing adjustment through the internal data signal reception delay circuit, and precisely controls the reception window by the data signal reception enable gating circuit according to the synchronous reception pulse and reception enable signal provided by the synchronous decoding controller. Then, the processed input electrical signal is output to the host computer, such as a computer or server, through the data reception buffer.

[0098] In terms of data transmission, the data transceiver controller receives data sent by the host computer, temporarily stores it in the data transmission buffer, and then converts it into an output electrical signal by the data signal drive circuit. At the same time, with the cooperation of the transmission enable signal of the synchronous decoder controller, the output electrical signal is sent to the photoelectric converter.

[0099] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0100] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Additionally, the term "connection" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via other components.

Claims

1. A method for acquiring data from a single-core optical fiber, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S101, The main controller broadcasts a data acquisition command to multiple distributed terminals via a single-core optical fiber; all the distributed terminals synchronously acquire data based on the data acquisition command and determine the length information of the data to be transmitted back. S102. After a preset delay T, the main controller broadcasts an addressing instruction with the target distributed terminal identifier to all the distributed terminals; the target distributed terminal matching the addressing instruction sends a synchronization guidance signal back to the main controller, and the main controller establishes a synchronization link with the target distributed terminal according to the synchronization guidance signal. S103. The target distributed terminal uploads a status packet containing the length information to the main controller through the synchronization link, and sends a data acquisition packet to the main controller based on the status packet; S104. After the target distributed terminal has finished sending the data packets collected in the current period, it sends a reporting end signal to the main controller. S105. After receiving the reporting end signal, the main controller closes the current synchronization link, broadcasts the addressing instruction of the next target terminal identifier, and repeats steps S102 to S104 until the data aggregation of all the distributed terminals is completed; wherein, the duration of each distributed terminal's occupation of the single-core optical fiber is determined in real time by the length information and the reporting end signal.

2. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S102, the value of the preset time T is greater than the maximum time required for any of the distributed terminals to complete data collection.

3. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S102 also includes a distance compensation process: The main controller calculates the physical distribution distance between itself and the target distributed terminal based on the round-trip time difference between issuing the addressing command and receiving the synchronization guidance signal. Based on the physical distribution distance, the main controller adjusts the timing of the next time it sends the addressing command to the target distributed terminal.

4. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S102, after the main controller sends the addressing command, it starts a delay protection window. During the duration of the delay protection window, the receiving circuit of the main controller is configured to ignore the input optical signal. After the delay protection window ends, the main controller starts receiving and recognizing the synchronization guidance signal.

5. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S102, if the main controller does not receive the synchronization guidance signal within a specified time after sending the addressing instruction, the main controller will automatically terminate the access attempt of the target distributed terminal and switch to the next target distributed terminal identifier.

6. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S102, during the signal interaction with the target distributed terminal, the main controller synchronously extracts the strength index of the synchronization guidance signal to evaluate whether the physical connection of the single-core optical fiber has been worn or aged.

7. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intensity indicators include the optical power intensity and waveform distortion rate of the synchronization guidance signal. If the optical power intensity is less than a preset optical intensity threshold, or the waveform distortion rate is greater than a preset distortion threshold, the main controller marks the link risk warning tag in the collection data of the corresponding target distributed terminal.

8. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S103, the main controller dynamically allocates memory space for receiving the data acquisition packets based on the length information in the received status packet, and compares the total length of the received data with the length information in real time during the process of receiving the data acquisition packets.

9. The single-core optical fiber data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S104, the reporting end signal also includes an urgency level flag; the main controller dynamically adjusts the addressing order of each of the distributed terminals in the next acquisition cycle based on the received urgency level flag.

10. A single-core optical fiber data acquisition system, used to implement the single-core optical fiber data acquisition method as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Single-core optical fiber is used as a digital communication bus. Multiple distributed terminals are mounted on the single-core optical fiber; each distributed terminal includes a communication control module, a sampling module, and a storage module; the communication control module is used to respond to data acquisition commands and to feed back synchronization guidance signals according to the addressing commands in order to establish a backhaul link for the acquired data; The main controller is connected to multiple distributed terminals via the single-core optical fiber. The main controller is used to broadcast the data acquisition instructions and addressing instructions, and dynamically manage the exclusive access of each distributed terminal to the single-core optical fiber according to the status packets and reporting end signals uploaded to the main controller by the distributed terminals.

Images