Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium and program product. The method is performed by a first device, and includes: sending first information to a first network element, the first information being used to indicate a power headroom of the first device. Thus, power control of the first device is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to communication methods, communication devices, communication systems, storage media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, ambient IoT technology is widely used in many fields such as smart retail, industrial IoT, smart healthcare, smart agriculture, and smart cities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides communication methods, communication devices, communication systems, storage media, and program products.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, performed by a first device, the method comprising:

[0005] Send a first message to the network device, the first message being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a communication method is provided, performed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0007] Receive first information sent by the first device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device that may include at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the communication device may be used to perform an optional implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a communication device is provided that can be used to perform the methods described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising:

[0011] One or more processors;

[0012] The communication device can be used to execute the method described in the optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0013] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a first device and a network device, wherein the first device is configured to perform a method as described in an optional implementation of the first aspect, and the network device is configured to perform a method as described in an optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0014] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0015] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided, including at least one of a program and instructions, wherein the program and instructions, when executed by a communication device, implement the method described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0016] The technical solution provided in this disclosure can produce the following beneficial effects: With the help of the first information, the first device indicates the power margin of the first device to the network device. In this way, the device indicates to the reader whether the current transmission power of the device has a margin, so that the reader can dynamically and adaptively adjust the transmission power of the device to provide a reliable communication connection for the device. Thus, the power control of the device is realized, the reliability of the communication link is ensured, and the performance and efficiency of the system are improved.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1B This is a basic schematic diagram of environmental energy Internet of Things communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 1D This is a circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 1E This is a schematic diagram of ASK modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 1F This is a schematic diagram of topology 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 1G This is a schematic diagram of topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2A This is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the format of the first information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 3 This is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] This disclosure provides communication methods, communication devices, communication systems, storage media, and program products.

[0034] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a first device, the method comprising:

[0035] Send a first message to the network device, the first message being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

[0036] In the above embodiments, with the help of the first information, the first device indicates the power margin of the first device to the network device. In this way, the device indicates to the reader whether the current transmission power of the device has a margin, so that the reader can dynamically and adaptively adjust the transmission power of the device to provide a reliable communication connection for the device. Thus, the power control of the device is realized, ensuring the reliability of the communication link and improving the performance and efficiency of the system.

[0037] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0038] Determine the power margin.

[0039] In the above embodiments, the action of determining the power margin is arranged at the first device end, which is conducive to realizing distributed and efficient collaborative decision-making, thereby freeing up network devices and improving the speed and efficiency of system response.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0041] Maximum transmit power value;

[0042] Road loss factor α c ;

[0043] Road loss value PL c ;

[0044] Target power value P O_PDRCH ;

[0045] Transmission bandwidth.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the calculation of power margin takes into account at least one of the above parameters, which can reflect the quantitative indicators of the comprehensive communication capability of the first device in the current wireless environment from multiple dimensions, enabling the network device to perform multi-dimensional and joint precise control.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin satisfies the following formula:

[0048] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))};

[0049] Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax,c(i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c= p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the transmit power of the downlink signal, and parameter M PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information.

[0050] The above embodiments provide a feasible way to determine the power margin.

[0051] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, control information is transmitted in the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information, and the path loss factor α c It is a fixed value.

[0052] The above embodiments simplify the design, reduce overhead and latency, and are suitable for specific scenarios.

[0053] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured;

[0054] Alternatively, the target power value satisfies the following formula: P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE Among them, P O_PDRCH P represents the target power value. O_nominal P represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

[0055] In the above embodiments, flexible and precise power control is achieved.

[0056] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth includes any of the following:

[0057] The number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs);

[0058] Absolute bandwidth (BW);

[0059] The bandwidth factor is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0060] In the above embodiments, a variety of feasible implementation methods are provided for the transmission bandwidth.

[0061] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0062] Maximum transmit power value pcamx;

[0063] The actual transmission power value of the first device is Pactual.

[0064] In the above embodiments, the first device can obtain at least one of the above parameters, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the power status of the first device, thereby enabling the network device to make reasonable power scheduling decisions.

[0065] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin satisfies the following formula:

[0066] PH = pcamx - Pactual;

[0067] Wherein, PH represents the power margin, pcamx represents the maximum transmission power value, and Pactual represents the actual transmission power value of the first device.

[0068] The above embodiments provide a feasible way to determine the power margin.

[0069] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the actual transmit power value satisfies the following formula: Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER; where Pactual represents the actual transmit power value, P0 represents the target receive power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted.

[0070] Alternatively, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

[0071] In the above embodiments, a variety of feasible implementation methods are provided for determining the actual transmission power value.

[0072] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the predefined table is determined based on any of the following:

[0073] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device;

[0074] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

[0075] In the above embodiments, it is beneficial to achieve efficient signaling compression, reduce overhead, and ensure processing consistency.

[0076] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first information is carried in any of the following:

[0077] Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU);

[0078] Media access control element MAC-CE.

[0079] In the above embodiments, a variety of feasible implementation methods are provided for the carrying method of the first information.

[0080] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first information uses a binary value of multiple bits to indicate the power margin.

[0081] In the above embodiments, the system's power control accuracy requirements can be met, and signaling overhead can also be controlled.

[0082] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first information is also used to indicate the power value or power margin level of the first device's power margin.

[0083] The above embodiments provide accurate and quantifiable power margin information, enabling network devices to perform fine-grained power control and resource scheduling. They also provide range-based and robust power margin information, offering greater fault tolerance and preventing drastic power fluctuations, thus resulting in more stable system behavior. Therefore, they are adaptable to various application scenarios.

[0084] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

[0085] In the above embodiments, the first channel PDRCH can dynamically and flexibly support the transmission of data information and / or control information, enabling the system to select appropriate transmission strategies based on real-time service requirements, channel conditions, and quality of service requirements.

[0086] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the control information includes any of the following:

[0087] Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information;

[0088] Buffer Status Report (BSR) information;

[0089] Scheduling request SR information;

[0090] Channel Status Information (CSI) report.

[0091] In the above embodiments, a variety of feasible implementation methods are provided for control information.

[0092] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0093] Receive first information sent by the first device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

[0094] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0095] Maximum transmit power value;

[0096] Road loss factor α c ;

[0097] Road loss value PL c ;

[0098] Target power value P O_PDRCH ;

[0099] Transmission bandwidth.

[0100] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin satisfies the following formula:

[0101] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))};

[0102] Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax, c (i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c = p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the transmit power of the downlink signal, and parameter M PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information.

[0103] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, control information is transmitted in the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information, and the path loss factor α c It is a fixed value.

[0104] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured;

[0105] Alternatively, the target power value satisfies the following formula: P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE Among them, P O_PDRCH P represents the target power value. O_nominal P represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

[0106] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth includes any of the following:

[0107] The number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs);

[0108] Absolute bandwidth (BW);

[0109] The bandwidth factor is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0110] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin satisfies at least one of the following:

[0111] Maximum transmit power value pcamx;

[0112] The actual transmission power value of the first device is Pactual.

[0113] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined by the following formula:

[0114] PH = pcamx - Pactual;

[0115] Wherein, PH represents the power margin, pcamx represents the maximum transmission power value, and Pactual represents the actual transmission power value of the first device.

[0116] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments,

[0117] The actual transmit power value satisfies the following formula: Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER; where Pactual represents the actual transmit power, P0 represents the target receive power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted.

[0118] Alternatively, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

[0119] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the predefined table is determined based on any of the following:

[0120] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device;

[0121] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

[0122] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information is carried in any of the following:

[0123] Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU);

[0124] Media access control element MAC-CE.

[0125] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information uses a binary value of multiple bits to indicate the power margin.

[0126] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information is also used to indicate the power value or power margin level of the first device's power margin.

[0127] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

[0128] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the control information includes any of the following:

[0129] Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information;

[0130] Buffer Status Report (BSR) information;

[0131] Scheduling request SR information;

[0132] Channel Status Information (CSI) report.

[0133] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a first device, which may include at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the first device may be used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect.

[0134] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a network device that may include at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the network device may be used to perform an optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0135] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a first device that may include one or more processors; wherein the first device may be used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect.

[0136] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a network device that may include one or more processors; wherein the network device may be used to perform an optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0137] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system that may include: a first device and a network device; wherein the first device is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect, and the network device is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0138] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0139] In a ninth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product that, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0140] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0141] Eleventhly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the methods described in optional implementations of the first or second aspect.

[0142] It is understood that the aforementioned communication equipment, communication system, storage medium, program product, etc., are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0143] This disclosure provides communication methods, communication devices, communication systems, storage media, and program products. In some embodiments, the terms communication method, information processing method, and information transmission method may be used interchangeably.

[0144] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0145] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0146] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular or a plural expression.

[0147] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0148] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0149] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0150] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0151] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0152] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0153] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0154] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0155] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than”, “greater than or equal to”, “not less than”, “more than”, “more than or equal to”, “not less than”, “higher than”, “higher than or equal to”, “not lower than”, and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than”, “less than or equal to”, “not greater than”, “less than”, “less than or equal to”, “not more than”, “lower than”, “lower than or equal to”, “not higher than”, and “below”.

[0156] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” are interchangeable.

[0157] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0158] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point (AP)," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macrocell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cellgroup," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0159] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriberstation, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, and client can be used interchangeably.

[0160] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0161] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0162] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0163] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0164] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0165] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0166] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 includes a first device 101 and a network device 102.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first device 101 is an Ambient IoT device (i.e., a device).

[0168] In some embodiments, network device 102 is a reader.

[0169] In some embodiments, the first device 101 communicates bidirectionally with the network device 102.

[0170] In some embodiments, the communication content between the first device 101 and the network device 102 includes Ambient IoT device data or Ambient IoT device signaling, etc.

[0171] In some embodiments, the number of network devices 102 is one or more.

[0172] In some embodiments, network device 102 may be a second device.

[0173] In other words, Ambient IoT devices can communicate directly and bidirectionally with a second device.

[0174] Alternatively, in some embodiments, network device 102 may be an intermediate node.

[0175] In some embodiments, the first device 101 and the second device can indirectly communicate bidirectionally via the network device 102.

[0176] In other words, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the network device 102, and the network device 102 communicates bidirectionally with the second device.

[0177] For example, the intermediate node and the second device can communicate bidirectionally via the Uu interface.

[0178] In some embodiments, the intermediate node can be regarded as a relay between the first device 101 and the second device, such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, terminal, repeater, etc.

[0179] In some embodiments, the intermediate node needs to support the ability to communicate with Ambient IoT devices. The intermediate node transmits data and signaling bidirectionally between the first device 101 and the second device to complete the communication.

[0180] In some embodiments, intermediate nodes may include devices with relay capabilities such as radio access network (RAN) devices, terminals, base stations (BS), integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or repeaters. Intermediate nodes may also be combinations of any of the aforementioned devices.

[0181] In some embodiments, a terminal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a mobile phone, a wearable device, an Internet of Things device, a car with communication capabilities, a smart car, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, and a wireless terminal device in a smart home.

[0182] In some embodiments, the second device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0183] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0184] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0185] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0186] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a single device, including one or more network elements, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including all or part of the multiple network elements. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of the evolved packet core (EPC), 5G core network (5GCN), and next-generation core (NGC).

[0187] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0188] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to Figure 1A The communication system 100 shown, or a part thereof, but not limited to it. Figure 1A The entities shown are illustrative; a communication system may include... Figure 1A All or part of the main body, or may include Figure 1A Other entities besides the main body, the number and form of each entity are arbitrary, each entity can be physical or virtual, the connection relationship between the entities is illustrative, the entities can be unconnected or connected, and the connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0189] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0190] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the current state of IoT development is as follows:

[0191] Currently, mobile communication technology is booming. Digital mobile communication has evolved from 2G, 3G, and 4G to the current 5G, effectively meeting people's needs in voice communication, digital mobile communication, and mobile broadband internet communication. However, with social and economic development, the demand for Internet of Things (IoT) communication is gradually emerging. Currently, technologies and standards related to IoT are gradually developing. Among them, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized a series of IoT technologies, including machine-type communications (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and reduced-capability UEs (RedCap). MTC and NB-IoT significantly reduce the cost of IoT terminals by employing technologies such as low bandwidth, single antenna, reduced peak data rate, half-duplex, and reduced transmit power. Furthermore, the introduction of enhanced discontinuous reception (eDRX) and power-saving mode (PSM) greatly reduces the power consumption of IoT terminals. Simultaneously, MTC and NB-IoT can support a large number of IoT terminals accessing the network, thus meeting the demand for massive connectivity.

[0192] NB-IoT is a low-power wide-area network technology with four key characteristics: low cost, low power consumption, strong coverage, and massive connectivity. It is largely based on the non-backward-compatible Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) standard, with a coverage target of a maximum coupling loss (MCL) of 164dB, significantly enhancing indoor coverage and supporting a large number of low-throughput, low-latency-sensitive devices. NB-IoT supports three operating modes: in-band, standalone, and guardband. Both uplink and downlink RF bandwidths are 180kHz. Downlink uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology based on a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, while uplink uses Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) technology, supporting both single-tone and multi-tone transmission. The enhanced version of NB-IoT supports a wealth of functions such as multi-carrier, positioning, multicast, wake-up signal, and fast small data transmission, and can coexist with LTE and NR systems.

[0193] Enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) is an enhanced version of LTE-M (LTE-Machine-to-Machine), an IoT technology evolved from LTE. It is also a low-cost, low-power wide-area network technology. Compared to NB-IoT, eMTC has slightly weaker coverage, targeting an MCL of 156dB, but it can support higher transmission rates, some mobility, and voice services. eMTC has an uplink and downlink RF bandwidth of 1.4MHz and can support a maximum peak rate of 1Mbps.

[0194] RedCap, short for Reduced Capability, is a new technology standard based on 5G NR. Simply put, RedCap is a lightweight version of 5G. In the large-scale industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) use cases described by 5G requirements, there are not only extremely demanding ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) services, but also relatively low-end applications requiring small device size, support for fully wireless transmission, and battery life of several years. These applications have higher requirements than low-power wide-area networks (LPWA) (i.e., LTE-M / NB-IoT), but lower than URLLC and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Furthermore, surveillance cameras in smart city scenarios requiring 5G, as well as wearable device use cases such as smartwatches, electronic health-related devices, and medical monitoring equipment, all exhibit characteristics of small device size, simplified functionality, and the need to connect to the 5G radio access network and core network, urgently requiring the introduction of lower-cost, simplified 5G NR terminals.

[0195] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) based on NB-IoT and eMTC technologies has been widely tested and commercialized, such as in smart grids, smart parking, smart transportation / logistics, and smart energy management systems. It covers many vertical fields such as smart cities, smart homes, and smart factories, and has rapidly promoted the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries.

[0196] In some embodiments, typical application scenarios for environmental energy IoT communication include:

[0197] The key technological advantage of ambient internet of things (Ambient IoT) communication is its battery-free communication. Utilizing key technologies such as radio frequency energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing, terminals can operate without batteries, supporting extremely low hardware complexity. Therefore, ambient IoT communication can meet the demands for ultra-low power consumption, extremely small size, and extremely low cost. It is foreseeable that ambient IoT technology will have significant application advantages in a wide range of fields. These include applications in vertical industries such as industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, smart cities, and the energy sector, as well as applications for individual consumers such as smart wearables, smart homes, and healthcare. This section will select some typical scenarios to illustrate the application potential of ambient IoT communication in these fields.

[0198] 1. Typical scenario one: logistics and warehousing.

[0199] With the sustained and stable development of the economy and its ever-growing economic scale, the scale of logistics has expanded further. Logistics is a crucial link in the commodity circulation supply chain, occupying an important position in the national economy, and warehousing is the core of modern logistics. In logistics and warehousing applications, large quantities of packaging / goods need to be frequently transferred, stored, loaded, unloaded, and inventoried in logistics stations or warehouses (tens of thousands of square meters). Along with warehouse ordering, goods receiving, goods management, and goods issuing, a large amount of warehousing information is generated, typically characterized by frequent data reading operations and large data volumes. To digitally manage logistics packages / goods and improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, communication terminal labels are usually affixed to the surface of the package / goods packaging for acquiring logistics information and managing the entire logistics process. Therefore, a compact terminal size is more advantageous for industry applications. At the same time, due to the huge number of goods and considerations of economics and competitiveness, express delivery or warehouse suppliers can only accept communication terminals with extremely low costs. The warehousing and logistics industry is complex and involves numerous steps, but it is already a highly automated industry. Using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags, administrators can electronically record, query, and track goods. However, the workload remains enormous because each tag needs to be read sequentially using specialized equipment. There is a growing expectation for smarter and more efficient communication technologies to help achieve truly smart logistics and smart warehousing. Environmental energy IoT devices are characterized by extremely low cost, small size, maintenance-free operation, durability, and long lifespan. In logistics and warehousing, utilizing environmental energy IoT devices to record, store, and update cargo information, and building environmental energy IoT-based logistics and warehousing systems, can further reduce operating costs, significantly improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, and contribute to the realization of smart logistics and smart warehousing.

[0200] In some embodiments, environmental energy IoT technology can achieve smart warehouse management and improve warehouse efficiency and productivity through the following aspects:

[0201] 1) Batch Reading: Supports a larger number of IoT tags to be read simultaneously in a wider range of environments. When goods arrive at the warehouse, the wireless tags attached to the goods can be read in batches (e.g., thousands of tags per second) to accurately obtain product information, such as size / weight and manufacturer.

[0202] 2) Expiry date, serial number, production line, etc., can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of logistics and warehousing.

[0203] 3) Wide-range read / write: Supports a wider read / write range. Deploying one or a few network devices within the warehouse enables IoT tag communication coverage across the entire warehouse environment. Wireless tags attached to goods or containers store their basic information and location within the warehouse. By setting up a central network node within the warehouse, all goods can be identified quickly and easily, facilitating rapid inventory checks and enabling managers to understand inventory distribution and total volume, as well as quickly predict storage needs.

[0204] 4) Handling Management: Capable of locating and updating tags. As goods move within the warehouse, network devices can promptly identify and update tag information. When specific goods need to be picked, their location can be quickly pinpointed throughout the warehouse, significantly improving sorting efficiency.

[0205] In some embodiments, the terminal requirements are:

[0206] Environmental energy IoT terminals are generally simple electronic tags; since they are usually used on a large scale (each item will be tagged), their cost, size, power consumption and other aspects need to be carefully considered.

[0207] 1) Tag power consumption: Passive tags, so there are no maintenance issues such as battery replacement;

[0208] 2) Labeling costs: Due to the large number of goods in logistics and warehousing, extremely low costs are required;

[0209] 3) Tag size: Extremely small size, suitable for large-scale application;

[0210] 4) Communication distance: It can support communication ranges from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.

[0211] In some embodiments, network requirements are:

[0212] 1) Flexible deployment based on cellular network infrastructure: Network equipment can be deployed at outdoor poles or indoors at intervals with distributed antenna systems (DIS) to provide basic coverage; coverage can be supplemented or extended as needed.

[0213] 2) Coverage requirements: Coverage distance requirements for a single station (indoor > 30m, outdoor > 100m);

[0214] 3) Network security: Tag reading is based on authorization to protect privacy and data security;

[0215] 4) Reading efficiency: The number of goods is huge, and a large number of tags need to be detected at the same time (e.g., thousands per second).

[0216] 2. Typical Scenario Two: Smart Home.

[0217] Smart homes use the residence as a platform, connecting various devices within the home through the Internet of Things (IoT) to build an efficient and livable system. Smart homes utilize various functions and methods such as automatic control of home appliances, lighting control, temperature control, and anti-theft and alarm control to make the home environment safer, more convenient, and more comfortable. Sensors and small devices in smart homes can communicate based on backscattering technology.

[0218] Environmental energy IoT communication can operate without batteries or charging, significantly increasing the lifespan of corresponding devices in smart homes and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, its ultra-low cost, extremely small size, washability, and flexible / foldable form factor allow for highly flexible deployment in smart homes, such as embedding it in walls, ceilings, and furniture, or attaching it to keys, passports, clothing, and shoes. Based on these advantages, environmental energy IoT communication can expand the application scenarios of smart homes, making it extremely attractive to the smart home industry.

[0219] In some embodiments, typical scenarios for using ambient energy IoT technology in smart homes are as follows:

[0220] 1) Item Locator: A tiny, washable, flexible, and foldable environmentally friendly IoT device that can be attached to easily lost items in the home, such as keys, passports, bank cards, and wallets. When these items need to be found, they can be quickly located and located.

[0221] 2) Environmental Monitoring and Alarms: Environmental energy IoT devices are integrated with sensors to monitor indoor temperature, humidity, and other environmental parameters. They can also be used for emergency alarms, such as those for gas leaks. The battery-free nature of these devices significantly increases their lifespan, making them maintenance-free.

[0222] 3) Intelligent Control: Integrating environmental IoT devices and sensors enables intelligent control of home appliances. For example, it can control the on / off switches of washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, curtains, etc. Tags embedded / attached to doors and furniture can also be used to navigate home robots, providing more precise control.

[0223] 3. Typical Scenario 3: Smart Wearables.

[0224] Smart wearables are consumer-centric, wirelessly connecting various devices worn by consumers through IoT technology. They have been applied in multiple fields (such as health monitoring, activity recognition, assistive living, mobile sensing, smart clothing, and indoor positioning). Currently, mainstream product forms include wrist-supported watches (including watches and wristbands), foot-supported footwear (including shoes, socks, and future leg-wearing products), and head-supported eyewear (including glasses, helmets, and headbands). In addition, there are various non-mainstream product forms such as smart clothing, backpacks, canes, and accessories.

[0225] Battery-powered smart wearable devices often have relatively short battery life. Enabling more functions further increases power consumption, requiring frequent charging to ensure normal operation. This significantly impacts the user experience.

[0226] Environmentally friendly IoT terminals possess excellent characteristics such as extremely low cost, extremely small size, extremely low power consumption (battery-free), flexibility, foldability, and washability, making them particularly suitable for smart wearable scenarios and easily accepted by consumer-related industries (such as kindergartens and garment factories). On one hand, environmentally friendly IoT devices obtain energy through energy harvesting, eliminating the need for batteries and fundamentally solving the problem of frequent charging required for smart wearable devices. On the other hand, their low cost, small size, and soft, washable, and foldable materials greatly enhance wearing comfort and user experience.

[0227] In some embodiments, environmental energy IoT is used in the field of smart wearables as follows:

[0228] 1) Health monitoring: Environmental IoT devices and sensors are integrated and embedded in wearable products such as wristbands, shoes, and socks to monitor health and provide timely feedback on a person's physical condition. Data such as sleep status, weight information, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored and collected.

[0229] 2) Location and Tracking: Ambient IoT devices can be integrated with location services for monitoring the elderly, children, or hospital patients, enabling location and tracking in case of loss. More comfortable materials optimize the wearing experience, while the passive, ultra-low power consumption significantly extends usage time.

[0230] 3) Portable payment: It is linked to personal information and can be used for portable payments such as taking public transportation, subways, and shopping.

[0231] In some embodiments, the terminal requirements are:

[0232] The environmental energy IoT terminal takes the form of an electronic tag, which can integrate memory for data storage and retrieval or sensors for sensing information collection. From a wearable perspective, it should have a small size, be battery-free, waterproof, and have a flexible, foldable design.

[0233] In some embodiments, the communication technology principle of the environmental energy Internet of Things is as follows:

[0234] Figure 1B This is a basic schematic diagram illustrating the communication principle of an environmental energy IoT device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Environmental energy IoT devices mainly combine radio frequency energy harvesting technology, backscattering technology, and low-power computing technology to achieve the advantage of device nodes not carrying power batteries. For example... Figure 1B As shown, the terminal obtains the energy to drive its operation through energy harvesting. Low-power computing and backscattering technology are used to demodulate and modulate the signal. The core of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is converting RF energy into DC. This energy can be stored in energy storage units (such as capacitors) or directly used to drive logic circuits, digital chips, or sensors, completing functions such as modulation and transmission of backscattered signals, and acquisition and processing of sensor information.

[0235] In backscatter-based environmental energy IoT communication systems, a backscatter transmitter modulates and reflects received radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit data, rather than generating its own RF signals. This technology has been widely used in practical production, such as in radio frequency identification (RFID), tracking devices, remote switches, medical telemetry, and low-cost sensor networks.

[0236] In some embodiments, radio frequency energy harvesting:

[0237] The basic principle of energy harvesting is to collect electromagnetic wave energy from space through electromagnetic induction. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting essentially converts RF energy into direct current (DC) voltage (RF-DC). In environmental energy IoT communication, the core requirement for energy harvesting is to effectively use the harvested energy to drive load circuits (low-power computing, sensors, etc.) to achieve battery-free communication.

[0238] In some embodiments, with the advancement of technology, the processes and efficiency of radio frequency energy harvesting have improved, but several challenges still remain:

[0239] 1) Due to the multipath propagation effect of electromagnetic waves, the uneven distribution of energy in space and time, and various interferences, the radio frequency energy density that can be collected in the wireless environment is extremely low (e.g., less than 10nW / cm2). The radio frequency energy that can be effectively collected needs to meet a certain input power.

[0240] 2) To drive logic circuits or chips and other computing units, the DC voltage converted from the harvested energy generally needs to meet the minimum output voltage requirements and be converted into a stable DC voltage. Improving energy harvesting efficiency, especially ensuring that the harvested energy can still drive the circuit under low input voltage conditions, is a key issue that needs to be addressed.

[0241] 3) How to rationally manage the harvested or stored energy to drive terminal operation. The efficiency of converting RF energy harvested into DC energy at low power is a challenge in the design of environmental energy IoT devices. Current experimental research shows that it is generally difficult to effectively harvest and rectify RF signals with input power below -30dBm into usable DC voltage. The RF energy conversion efficiency varies depending on the input power and energy harvesting circuit design; for example, the energy conversion efficiency at a low input power of -20dBm is often less than 10%, while at around -1dBm, the conversion efficiency is close to 50%. Given current technology, driving low-power computing circuits requires approximately 10uW of power. To meet even the simplest low-power computing and backscatter communication requirements, improving energy harvesting efficiency under low input power conditions is one of the most important tasks in the research and development of environmental energy IoT communication systems.

[0242] A radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system mainly consists of a receiving antenna, an RF rectifier, and an energy storage module. The receiving antenna collects electromagnetic wave energy from the environment and then inputs it as an RF AC signal to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit converts the RF AC energy into DC energy, which is then stored using a battery or capacitor to provide DC power to subsequent circuits and application loads. The receiving antenna and rectifier circuit are the core components of the system, directly determining the power and energy conversion efficiency obtainable from RF energy harvesting.

[0243] Antennas are responsible for collecting radio frequency (RF) energy in free space. To obtain more power, it is usually necessary to collect energy over the widest possible frequency band. In typical environments, the direction of arrival and polarization of RF energy signals are uncertain; therefore, designing omnidirectional or circularly polarized antennas can reduce sensitivity to antenna placement angles. However, in other applications, such as near base stations or repeaters, where the direction and polarization of the RF energy source are known, using directional antennas or linearly polarized receiving methods can achieve higher reception efficiency and power.

[0244] In some embodiments, the key technologies of radio frequency energy harvesting antennas include the following aspects:

[0245] 1) Miniaturized Antenna Technology. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology, used in sensors and wearable electronics, is highly sensitive to the size of the rectifier antenna. Therefore, miniaturized antennas need to be designed to meet the overall size requirements of the terminal device. Antenna size depends on the electromagnetic wavelength. For existing RF energy bands in the environment (e.g., 0.7–2.5 GHz), the wavelength is relatively well-defined. Bending technology, loading technology, and fractal technology are effective ways to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0246] 2) Impedance matching technology. To ensure that the RF power collected by the antenna is transmitted to the rectifier circuit, a good impedance matching network needs to be designed, while minimizing the impact on the antenna size, radiation characteristics, etc.

[0247] 3) Multi-band and wideband technology. More frequency bands of radio frequency signals contain more energy. In order to collect more radio frequency energy, the antenna needs to operate in a wider frequency band. However, the operating frequency band needs to be consistent with the rectifier circuit, rather than the wider the better, so as to avoid the high-order harmonics of the rectifier circuit being reflected by the antenna, causing power loss.

[0248] Research on energy harvesting circuits has undergone many years of development and exploration, with efficiency improvement remaining a primary concern in circuit design. The conversion from radio frequency (RF) energy to DC power is significantly affected by different circuit designs and manufacturing processes. Proper use of rectifiers allows for better conversion of RF energy into a stable DC voltage (RF-DC), while further DC-DC conversion (DC-DC) is generally required when the output voltage is low to generate a voltage level suitable for driving digital logic circuits. Voltage regulators and voltage monitors are also commonly used to assist in voltage boosting and stabilization, often employing cascaded diode-capacitor methods to raise the voltage to a usable level. Diode-based rectifier circuits are the most fundamental energy harvesting method. Devices using discrete components and CMOS processes have vastly different requirements for RF input power. Due to the custom nature of CMOS electronics, they are often more efficient and operate at lower voltages compared to microcontrollers or other external digital devices, allowing for input signal power levels as low as -20dBm or even better.

[0249] In some embodiments, backscattering:

[0250] Backscatter technology is a wireless technology that enables signal transmission and encoding without an active transmitter. Similar to radar, when electromagnetic waves reach the surface of an object, a portion is reflected. The strength of the reflected signal depends on the object's shape, material, and distance. From a radar perspective, each object has its radar cross-section (RCS). Tags modulate the reflected signal by changing their RCS. The backscatter transmitter modulates the received RF signal to transmit data without needing to generate its own RF signal.

[0251] Backscattering technology has been proposed. However, due to the following limitations, traditional backscattering communication cannot be widely used in data-intensive wireless communication systems:

[0252] 1) First, traditional backscatter communication requires placing the backscatter transmitter near its radio frequency emission source, which limits the use and coverage area of ​​the device.

[0253] 2) Secondly, in traditional backscatter communication, the backscatter receiver and the radio frequency transmitter are located in the same device, namely the reader, which can lead to self-interference between the receiving and transmitting antennas, thereby reducing communication performance.

[0254] 3) In addition, traditional backscatter communication systems are passively operated, meaning that the backscatter transmitter only transmits data when the backscatter receiver queries it.

[0255] Recently, ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) has emerged as a promising technology for enabling low-power communication. It effectively addresses the limitations of traditional backscatter communication systems, leading to wider adoption of AmBC in practical applications. An ambient backscatter communication system typically comprises three parts: an ambient radio-frequency (RF) source, a backscatter device (BD), and a reader. In an ambient backscatter communication system, backscatter devices can communicate with each other using wireless signals broadcast from ambient RF sources such as television towers, frequency modulation (FM) towers, cellular base stations, and Wi-Fi access points (APs). Furthermore, by separating the carrier transmitter and backscatter receiver, the number of RF components in the backscatter device is minimized, and the device can operate actively; that is, the backscatter transmitter can send data without receiver activation once sufficient energy has been harvested from the RF source.

[0256] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0257] like Figure 1C As shown, an environmental energy IoT device (such as a backscatter tag) receives a carrier signal sent by a reader, collects energy through an RF energy harvesting module, and powers the low-power processing module. After acquiring energy, the backscatter tag drives the corresponding circuit to modulate the incoming wave signal and perform backscattering.

[0258] In backscatter communication systems, load modulation is a commonly used data transmission method for electronic tags. Load modulation involves adjusting the electrical parameters (such as resistance or capacitance) of the electronic tag's oscillation circuit according to the rhythm of the data stream, thereby changing the magnitude and phase of the electronic tag's impedance and completing the modulation process.

[0259] Figure 1D This is a circuit schematic diagram of resistive load modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Load modulation techniques mainly include resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. For example... Figure 1D As shown, in resistive load modulation, a resistor, called the load modulation resistor, is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor turns on and off according to the clock of the data stream, and the switching of switch S is controlled by binary data encoding. In capacitive load modulation, a capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, replacing the load modulation resistor controlled by binary data encoding.

[0260] Figure 1E This is a schematic diagram of ASK modulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0261] Taking amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation via resistance modulation as an example, the terminal can switch between absorption and reflection states by switching the load reflection coefficient. In the absorption state, i.e., the terminal achieves impedance matching, the RF signal is completely absorbed by the terminal, so the terminal does not radiate the RF signal into space, and the signal received by the receiving side will be a low-level signal; this state can represent bit '0'. Conversely, in the reflection state, i.e., the terminal switches the circuit impedance, causing impedance mismatch, and part of the RF signal is reflected; the signal received by the receiving side will be a high-level signal, therefore this state represents bit "1". The ASK modulation signal process is as follows: Figure 1E As shown, the terminal can achieve ASK modulation of the incident RF signal through simple impedance switching, thereby enabling communication with the receiver. From the receiver's perspective, the ASK signal can be detected using low-complexity envelope detection and a comparator.

[0262] Similarly, the terminal can also change the circuit's tuning frequency by adjusting the circuit's capacitance, causing the frequency of the signal radiated by the terminal to change with the capacitance, thus achieving frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation. Although FSK requires additional residual frequency offset estimation processing compared to ASK, it outperforms ASK in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. Furthermore, FSK allows for frequency division sharing among multiple devices.

[0263] Therefore, backscatter communication cleverly utilizes impedance modulation to achieve signal modulation and transmission with extremely low complexity. In contrast, backscatter terminals do not require complex RF structures such as power amplifiers (PAs), high-precision crystal oscillators, duplexers, and high-precision filters. They also do not require complex baseband processing; for example, they only need to perform envelope detection of the signal without complex channel estimation and equalization calculations. Thus, backscattering technology makes simple terminal implementation possible.

[0264] In some embodiments, low-power computing:

[0265] The main feature of environmental energy IoT communication technology is that it achieves backscatter communication by modulating incoming wave signals. At the same time, it can also obtain energy through energy harvesting to drive digital logic circuits or chips (such as microcontroller units (MCUs) or sensor chips) to achieve functions such as signal encoding, encryption or simple calculation.

[0266] As seen in previous chapters, the conversion efficiency of radio frequency energy is often less than 10%, which limits the power consumption required to drive digital logic circuits or chips for computation. Although improvements in process technology and design optimization have increased the number of computations that can be performed per microjoule of energy, it still cannot meet the demands of complex calculations.

[0267] In some embodiments, low-power computing can be achieved in the design of an environmental energy IoT communication system by considering the following aspects:

[0268] 1) Low-power receiver.

[0269] Environmental energy IoT devices can be divided into two categories based on their functional requirements. One category's main function is broadcast transmission similar to a beacon. To reduce structural complexity and power consumption, receiver functionality may not be implemented. The other category considers designing a simple, low-power receiver, such as using a comparator to implement simple ASK / decoding functions.

[0270] 2) Low-power chips.

[0271] Low-power chips typically include MCUs and sensors. Circuits driving digital processing chips generally have minimum input voltage requirements. This necessitates that the acquired energy meets certain voltage requirements. Often, the acquired energy cannot be fully utilized for backscattering and low-power computing. Currently, mature MCUs for low-power computing typically consume power in the microwatt (µW) range. Selecting low-power MCUs and sensor chips, and implementing low-voltage drive circuit design, is both crucial and challenging for achieving low-power computing.

[0272] 3) Simple encoding and modulation.

[0273] As mentioned earlier, backscattering commonly uses ASK and FSK methods, which can be implemented with simple circuit designs. For coding techniques, non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and Manchester coding are the two most commonly used coding methods in backscattering systems. In addition, simple and easy-to-implement coding methods such as unipolar RZ coding, differential biphase (DBP) coding, Miller coding, differential coding, and FM0 coding are also suitable for backscattering communication. Using simple coding and modulation can also significantly reduce the computational power consumption of environmental IoT communication.

[0274] In some embodiments, 3GPP Ambient IoT technology:

[0275] 1. Connection technology and topology.

[0276] According to current research by 3GPP, deployment scenarios, use cases, and design goals (including device power consumption, device complexity, coverage performance, user data rate, latency, and mobility speed) of Ambient IoT have been studied and discussed.

[0277] In some embodiments, the Ambient IoT topologies currently being discussed by 3GPP include the following:

[0278] 1) Topology 1: BS Ambient IoT device.

[0279] Figure 1F This is a schematic diagram of topology 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0280] like Figure 1FAs shown in Topology 1, the Ambient IoT device is directly connected to the base station (BS) and communicates bidirectionally. The communication between the Ambient IoT device and the base station (BS) includes data and signaling. Topology 1 also includes another possible scenario: base station 1 sends downlink data to the Ambient IoT device, and the Ambient IoT device sends uplink data to base station 2. In this case, the downlink and corresponding uplink data for the same service communication are from different base stations; that is, base station 1 and base station 2 are different base stations.

[0281] As can be seen, in topology 1, the first device 101 is an Ambient IoT device, and the network device 102 is a base station (BS).

[0282] 2) Topology 2: BS intermediate node Ambient IoT device.

[0283] Figure 1G This is a schematic diagram of topology 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0284] like Figure 1G As shown, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node, and the intermediate node communicates bidirectionally with the base station via cellular communication. The intermediate node can be considered a relay between the Ambient IoT device and the base station (e.g., Integrated Access and Backhaul, such as an IAB node, UE, repeater, etc.). The intermediate node needs to support the ability to communicate with the Ambient IoT device. The intermediate node bidirectionally transmits data and signaling between the base station and the Ambient IoT device to complete the communication.

[0285] As can be seen, in topology 2, the first device 101 is an Ambient IoT device, the network device 102 is an intermediate node, and the second device is a base station (BS).

[0286] 2. Deployment scenarios.

[0287] The deployment scenarios studied by 3GPP mainly include the following:

[0288] 1) Deployment Scenario 1: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are indoors.

[0289] 2) Deployment Scenario 2: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are outdoors.

[0290] 3) Deployment Scenario 3: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and the reader is the UE.

[0291] 4) Deployment Scenario 4: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and base stations are outdoors.

[0292] 5) Deployment Scenario 5: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and the reader is the UE.

[0293] 3. Equipment classification.

[0294] Based on two factors—energy storage capacity and radio frequency signal generation capability—3GPP classifies Ambient IoT devices as follows:

[0295] 1) Device type A: It has no energy storage capacity and no ability to independently generate or amplify radio frequency signals, meaning it can only transmit by backscattering.

[0296] 2) Device Type B: It has energy storage capability but no ability to independently generate radio frequency signals; that is, it can only transmit by backscattering. The stored energy is used to amplify the reflected signal.

[0297] 3) Device type: Device C: It has energy storage capacity and the ability to independently generate radio frequency signals, that is, it includes the ability to actively transmit RF radio frequency signals.

[0298] In some embodiments, based on the above equipment classification, the equipment classification has been limited and refined during the research and discussion process:

[0299] 1) Device Type 1: Peak power consumption approximately 1 microwatt (μW), equipped with an energy storage unit, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, no internal downlink or uplink amplification. The device's uplink transmission uses backscattering technology, and its carrier wave is provided externally.

[0300] 2) Device Type 2a: Peak power consumption not exceeding several hundred microwatts, equipped with an energy storage unit, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, and internal downlink and / or uplink amplification functions. The device's uplink transmission uses backscattering technology, and its carrier wave is provided externally.

[0301] 3) Device Type 2b: Peak power consumption not exceeding several hundred microwatts, equipped with an energy storage unit, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, and internal downlink and / or uplink amplification functions. The device's uplink transmission is generated internally by the device.

[0302] 4. Physical layer links and wireless channels.

[0303] During the research and discussion, the physical layer links and channels were defined (where the reader can be a base station or a UE acting as an intermediate node):

[0304] R2D: reader-to-device, the corresponding physical channel is called the physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH);

[0305] D2R: device-to-reader, the corresponding physical channel is called the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH);

[0306] CW2D: carrier-wave-to-device.

[0307] 5. Backscattering and carrier wave provision.

[0308] For Ambient IoT devices that cannot actively transmit (such as Device 1 and Device 2a), a carrier-wave (CW) needs to be provided externally for the device's backscatter. When the carrier CW is provided by a base station included within the topology or a UE acting as an intermediate node, it can be considered an internal carrier topology or a topology where the carrier is generated internally (CW from inside topology); when the carrier CW is provided by a node outside the topology, it can be considered an external carrier topology or a topology where the carrier is provided externally (CW from outside topology). Furthermore, considering the spectrum resources (DL or UL) used by nodes when transmitting CW, 3GPP mainly considered the following carrier provision scenarios during the research phase.

[0309] In some embodiments, the relevant technologies involve outdoor scenarios, where large and small scale fading occurs, and the near-far effect is more severe. Without power control, the D2R received power of a device near the reader will be higher than that of a device farther away. In this case, the interference caused by the former (i.e., the device near the reader) to the latter (i.e., the device farther away) will be extremely serious, thus requiring power control to address the near-far effect. Furthermore, in the relevant technologies, the devices are more capable and have certain measurement capabilities, making power control feasible.

[0310] In addition to supporting device power control, it is also necessary to study the device's power headroom (PH) reporting to inform the reader (such as the base station or the UE acting as an intermediate node) whether the device has sufficient transmission power. This allows for adjustments to the power parameters indicated to the device, enabling it to transmit with appropriate power and ensuring reliability.

[0311] Figure 2A This is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 2AAs shown, the embodiments of this disclosure relate to a communication method, which includes:

[0312] Step S2101: The first device determines the power margin of the first device.

[0313] In some embodiments, power headroom (PH) refers to the difference between the current transmit power value and the maximum transmit power value of the first device.

[0314] In some embodiments, a higher PH indicates a greater change in the current power parameters of the first device compared to before.

[0315] In some embodiments, terms such as current transmit power value and current transmit power value can be used interchangeably.

[0316] In some embodiments, terms such as maximum transmit power value, maximum transmit power value, and maximum permissible transmit power value may be used interchangeably.

[0317] In some embodiments, the first device may determine the power margin in a variety of ways.

[0318] As a possible implementation, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0319] (1) Maximum transmission power value;

[0320] In some embodiments, the maximum transmit power value is pre-configured.

[0321] In some embodiments, the maximum transmit power value may be pre-configured by the second device through higher-layer parameters.

[0322] (2) Road loss factor α c ;

[0323] In some embodiments, the road loss factor α c It is pre-configured.

[0324] In some embodiments, the road loss factor α c It can be a second device pre-configured through high-level parameters.

[0325] In some embodiments, the road loss factor α c The value range is [0, 1].

[0326] (3) Road loss value PL c ;

[0327] In some embodiments, the road loss value PL c It was calculated by the first device.

[0328] In some embodiments, the road loss value PLc It can be calculated using formula (1):

[0329] PL c =p2-p1 formula (1);

[0330] Where p1 represents the measurement result of the reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal sent by the network device, and p2 represents the downlink signal transmission power.

[0331] For example, the first device obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal transmitted by the base station. The first device determines the transmission power p2 of the downlink signal. Thus, the first device obtains the path loss value PL according to formula (1). c =p2-p1.

[0332] (4) Target power value P O_PDRCH ;

[0333] In some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured.

[0334] In some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It can be a second device pre-configured through high-level parameters.

[0335] In some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is the normalized power value.

[0336] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is determined based on the sum of multiple power values.

[0337] In some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It can be calculated using formula (2):

[0338] P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE Formula (2);

[0339] Among them, P O_nominal P represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to network devices.

[0340] In some embodiments, the nominal power value is pre-configured.

[0341] In some embodiments, the nominal power value may be pre-configured by the second device through higher-level parameters.

[0342] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the nominal power value may be predefined by the protocol.

[0343] In some embodiments, terms such as nominal power value, standard power value, and reference power value may be used interchangeably.

[0344] In some embodiments, the power value specific to the network device may be pre-configured by a second device through higher-layer parameters.

[0345] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the power value specific to the network device may be predefined by the protocol.

[0346] In some embodiments, terms such as network device-specific power value, network device-exclusive power value, and network device-specific power value can be used interchangeably.

[0347] (5) Transmission bandwidth.

[0348] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth includes any of the following:

[0349] 1) The number of physical resource blocks (PRBs);

[0350] 2) Absolute bandwidth (BW), expressed in kilohertz (KHz), megahertz (MHz), etc.;

[0351] 3) Bandwidth factor: The bandwidth factor is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth. In other words, the bandwidth factor refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0352] For example, the power margin can be determined by formula (3):

[0353] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c Formula (3);

[0354] Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel (PDRCH) corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax, c (i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c= p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the downlink signal transmitted power, and parameter M... PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel (PDRCH) corresponding to the first information.

[0355] In some embodiments, the first channel (PDRCH) corresponding to the first information refers to the first information being carried in the first channel (PDRCH).

[0356] In some embodiments, optional implementations of the first information may refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2A Optional implementation methods of step S2102, and Figure 2A Other related parts in the embodiments involved will not be described in detail here.

[0357] In some embodiments, the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

[0358] For example, it supports PH reporting of data information carried in PDRCH.

[0359] For example, it supports PH reporting of bearer control information in PDRCH.

[0360] For example, it supports PH reporting of data and control information carried in PDRCH.

[0361] In some embodiments, terms such as data information and data can be used interchangeably.

[0362] In some embodiments, the control information includes any of the following:

[0363] 1) Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information;

[0364] 2) Buffer status report (BSR) information;

[0365] 3) Scheduling request (SR) information;

[0366] 4) Channel State Information (CSI) Report.

[0367] For example, the PDRCH carries data information and supports PH reporting of the data information, where the power margin can be determined by formula (3).

[0368] In formula (3), parameter M PDRCH,c (i) For example, when transmitting data information on a PDRCH, the transmission bandwidth occupied by the data information is a multiple of 15 kHz. For example, if the transmission bandwidth is 30 kHz, then parameter M... PDRCH,c (i) = 2.

[0369] For example, the PDRCH carries control information and supports PH reporting of control information, where the power margin can be determined by formula (3).

[0370] In formula (3), parameter M PDRCH,c (i) For example, when transmitting control information on the PDRCH, the transmission bandwidth occupied by the control information is a multiple of 15 kHz. For example, if the transmission bandwidth is 30 kHz, then parameter M... PDRCH c(i) = 2.

[0371] In formula (3), in some embodiments, the first channel (PDRCH) corresponding to the first information transmits control information, then the path loss factor α c It is a fixed value. For example, the road loss factor α. c It equals 1.

[0372] As another feasible implementation, in some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0373] 1) Maximum transmit power value pcamx;

[0374] 2) Actual transmission power value of the first device.

[0375] In some embodiments, the power margin can be determined by formula (4):

[0376] PH = pcamx - Pactual Formula (4);

[0377] Where PH represents power margin, pcamx represents maximum transmit power, and Pactual represents the actual transmit power of the first device.

[0378] In some embodiments, the maximum transmit power value pcamx is determined.

[0379] In some embodiments, the first device may determine the actual transmit power value Pactual in a variety of ways.

[0380] In some embodiments, the actual transmission power value can be determined by formula (5):

[0381] Pactual=P0+stepsize×TRANSMISSION_COUNTER formula (5);

[0382] Where P0 represents the target received power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted.

[0383] In some embodiments, TRANSMISSION_COUNTER is known to the first device itself.

[0384] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

[0385] In other words, the actual transmission power value Pactual is the specific transmission power value determined by the first device according to a predefined table.

[0386] In some embodiments, the predefined table can predefine multiple mapping relationships.

[0387] In some embodiments, the predefined table is determined based on the mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device.

[0388] In other words, a predefined table can predefine the mapping relationship between the RSRP threshold range and the transmission power of the first device.

[0389] For example, the first device determines its transmit power value by comparing the measured RSRP value with a threshold value based on the measured RSRP of the downlink reference signal, as shown in Table 1:

[0390] Table 1: Mapping table of transmit power for the first device (e.g., Device C)

[0391] The measured value of RSRP is ≤ the RSRP threshold 1. 5dBm RSRP threshold 1 < RSRP measured value ≤ RSRP threshold 2 4dBm RSRP threshold 2 < RSRP measured value ≤ RSRP threshold 3 3dBm The threshold value of RSRP is 3 < the measured value of RSRP ≤ the threshold value of RSRP X. 2dBm ………… -…… The threshold X of RSRP is less than the measured value of RSRP. -3dmb

[0392] Alternatively, in some embodiments, a predefined table is determined based on a mapping between a threshold range of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

[0393] In other words, a predefined table can predefine the mapping relationship between the RSSI threshold range and the transmission power of the first device.

[0394] For example, the first device determines its transmit power value by comparing the measured RSSI value with an RSSI threshold value based on the measured RSSI value of the downlink signal, as shown in Table 2:

[0395] Table 2: Mapping table of transmit power for the first device (e.g., Device 2b)

[0396] RSSI measurement value ≤ RSSI threshold 1 -10dBm RSSI threshold 1 < RSSI measurement value ≤ RSSI threshold 2 -12dBm RSSI threshold 2 < RSSI measurement value ≤ RSSI threshold 3 -14dBm The RSSI threshold is 3 < the measured RSSI value ≤ the RSSI threshold X. -16dBm ………… ……… The threshold X of RSSI is less than the measured value of RSSI. -20dBm

[0397] Step S2102: The first device sends the first information to the network device.

[0398] Correspondingly, the network device receives the first information sent by the first device.

[0399] In some embodiments, the first information is used to indicate the power margin (PH) of the first device.

[0400] In some embodiments, the first device may autonomously send first information to the network device.

[0401] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device may send first information to the network device according to the protocol.

[0402] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device may send first information to the network device in response to a request from the network device.

[0403] For example, the network device sends a second message to the first device. In some embodiments, the second message is used to request power headroom (PH) from the first device. Thus, in response to the second message from the network device, the first device sends a first message to the network device.

[0404] In some embodiments, the third information may be carried in downlink control information (DCI), medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0405] In some embodiments, the first information may be carried in multiple ways.

[0406] In some embodiments, the first information is carried in any of the following:

[0407] 1) Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU);

[0408] 2) Medium access control element (MAC-CE).

[0409] In some embodiments, the first information may be carried in radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, or non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0410] In some embodiments, terms such as first information, PH report (PHR), etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0411] In some embodiments, the first information uses a binary value of multiple bits to indicate power margin.

[0412] For example, if the first information is carried in a MAC PDU, then the aforementioned multiple bits include at least some bits in the field corresponding to the MAC PDU.

[0413] For example, if the first information is carried in MAC-CE, then the aforementioned multiple bits include at least some bits in the field corresponding to MAC-CE.

[0414] In some embodiments, the binary value of multiple bits refers to at least a portion of the binary value of multiple bits.

[0415] For example, all the binary values ​​of multiple bits indicate the power margin (PH).

[0416] For example, a partial binary value of multiple bits indicates power margin (PH).

[0417] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the format of the first information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0418] Figure 2B In this context, Oct1 represents 8 bits of a byte, which is the length of a MAC PDU or MAC-CE. PH represents the aforementioned multiple bits, i.e., a portion of the 8 bits. R represents reserved bits, i.e., the remaining bits of the 8 bits.

[0419] like Figure 2B As shown, the first information is carried in the MAC PDU or MAC-CE. The length of the MAC PDU or MAC-CE is 8 bits. The first information can use 3 bits of binary value to indicate the power margin (PH), and the remaining 5 bits are reserved bits.

[0420] In some embodiments, the format of the first information includes various methods.

[0421] Format 1: In some embodiments, the first information is used to indicate the power value of the power margin.

[0422] In other words, the PH report indicates the power margin (PH) value, which occupies X bits.

[0423] Taking X=3 as an example, the first information (i.e., the PH report) uses all the binary values ​​of multiple bits to indicate the power value of the power margin (PH). The format of the first information (i.e., the PH report) is shown in Table 3:

[0424] Table 3: pH Report of the First Device (e.g., device C)

[0425] Index pH value 1 1 dBm ≤ pH < 2 dBm 2 2dBm ≤ pH < 3dBm 3 3dBm ≤ pH < 4dBm 4 4dBm ≤ pH < 5dBm 5 5dBm ≤ pH < 6dBm 6 6dBm≤PH<7dBm 7 7dBm ≤ pH < 8dBm 8 pH ≥ 8 dBm

[0426] Taking X=4 as an example, the first information (i.e., the PH report) uses a partial binary value of multiple bits to indicate the power margin (PH) value. The format of the first information (i.e., the PH report) is shown in Table 4:

[0427] Table 4: pH Report of the First Device (e.g., device C)

[0428]

[0429]

[0430] Format 2: In some embodiments, the first information is used to indicate the power margin level of the power margin.

[0431] In other words, the PH report indicates the power margin level (PH), which occupies X bits.

[0432] For example, the first information is carried in a MAC PDU or MAC-CE, and the length of the MAC PDU or MAC-CE is 8 bits. Then the PH report, other information bits (such as DV data volume), and reserved bits together are 8 bits.

[0433] For example, a PH report uses 3 bits, a DV date volume uses 3 bits, and 2 bits are reserved.

[0434] Taking X=3 as an example, the first information (i.e., the PH report) uses all the binary values ​​of multiple bits to indicate the power margin level (PH). The format of the first information (i.e., the PH report) is shown in Table 5:

[0435] Table 5: pH Report of the First Device (e.g., device C)

[0436] Index PH power margin level 1 The minimum power margin is 0. 2 Power margin level 1 3 Power margin level 2 4 Power margin level 3 5 Power margin level 4 6 Power margin level 5 7 Power margin level 6 8 Maximum power margin = pcamx

[0437] Additionally, in some embodiments, the first information (i.e., the PH report) may also use a partial binary value of multiple bits to indicate the power margin level of the power margin (PH).

[0438] In addition, in some embodiments, the network device sends third information to the first device.

[0439] Correspondingly, the first device receives the third information sent by the network device.

[0440] In some embodiments, the third information is used to instruct the adjustment of the transmission power of the first device.

[0441] In some embodiments, the network device receives first information. Based on the first information, the network device can determine whether the first device has a current transmit power margin and the magnitude of the power margin (PH). Then, the network device can send third information to the first device to instruct it to adjust its transmit power so that the first device can use an appropriate transmit power. This ensures the reliability of communication.

[0442] In some embodiments, the third information may be carried in downlink control information (DCI), medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0443] For example, to support power control of devices, it is necessary to implement power headroom (PH) reporting of devices to inform readers (such as base stations or UEs acting as intermediate nodes) whether the current device has a power headroom, so as to adjust the power parameters indicated to the device, so that the device can use appropriate power to transmit and ensure reliability.

[0444] Using the above method, the first device can indicate its power margin to the network device, and adjust its power parameters by analyzing the power margin, thereby enabling the first device to use appropriate transmission power.

[0445] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc., are not limited to the names described in the embodiments. Terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0446] In some embodiments, "acquire," "get," "obtain," "receive," "transmit," "bidirectional transmission," and "send and / or receive" can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, acquiring from protocols, acquiring from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation. Protocols include, for example, at least one of the 3GPP protocol, Wi-Fi protocol, and audio and / or video protocols.

[0447] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “distribute,” “transfer,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0448] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain," "preset," "default," "set," "indicated," "a certain," "any," and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A," "preset A," "default A," "set A," "indicated A," "a certain A," "any A," and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0449] In some embodiments, the determination or judgment can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), or by a true or false value (boolean), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value), but is not limited thereto.

[0450] In some embodiments, "not expecting to receive" can be interpreted as not receiving on time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources, or as not performing subsequent processing on the data and / or instructions received; "not expecting to send" can be interpreted as not sending, or as sending but not expecting the receiver to respond to the sent content.

[0451] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0452] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2102. For example, step S2102 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, and steps S2101+S2102 may be implemented as standalone embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0453] In some embodiments, step S2101 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0454] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0455] Figure 3 This is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the embodiments of this disclosure relate to a communication method, which includes:

[0456] Step S3101: The first device sends the first information to the network device.

[0457] In some embodiments, the first information is used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

[0458] The optional implementation of step S3101 can be found in [reference]. Figure 2A Optional implementation methods of step S2102, and Figure 2A Other related parts in the embodiments involved will not be described in detail here.

[0459] In some embodiments, the first device further includes performing the following steps:

[0460] Determine the power margin.

[0461] In some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0462] 1) Maximum transmit power value;

[0463] 2) Road loss factor α c ;

[0464] 3) Road loss value PL c ;

[0465] 4) Target power value P O_PDRCH ;

[0466] 5) Transmission bandwidth.

[0467] In some embodiments, the power margin satisfies the following formula:

[0468] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))};

[0469] Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax, c (i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c = p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the transmitted power of the downlink signal, and parameter M PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information.

[0470] In some embodiments, control information is transmitted in the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information, and the path loss factor α c It is a fixed value.

[0471] In some embodiments, the target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured;

[0472] Alternatively, the target power value satisfies the following formula: P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE Among them, P O_PDRCH P represents the target power value. O_nominalP represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

[0473] In some embodiments, the transmission bandwidth includes any of the following:

[0474] 1) The number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs);

[0475] 2) Absolute bandwidth (BW);

[0476] 3) Bandwidth coefficient, which is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0477] In some embodiments, the power margin is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0478] 1) Maximum transmit power value pcamx;

[0479] 2) The actual transmission power value of the first device.

[0480] In some embodiments, the power margin satisfies the following formula:

[0481] PH = pcamx - Pactual;

[0482] Wherein, PH represents the power margin, pcamx represents the maximum transmission power value, and Pactual represents the actual transmission power value of the first device.

[0483] In some embodiments, the actual transmit power value satisfies the following formula: Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER; where Pactual represents the actual transmit power value, P0 represents the target receive power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted.

[0484] Alternatively, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

[0485] In some embodiments, the predefined table is determined based on any of the following:

[0486] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device;

[0487] The mapping relationship between the threshold range of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

[0488] In some embodiments, the first information is carried in any of the following:

[0489] 1) Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU);

[0490] 2) Media Access Control Element (MAC-CE).

[0491] In some embodiments, the first information uses a binary value of multiple bits to indicate the power margin.

[0492] In some embodiments, the first information is further used to indicate the power value or power margin level of the first device's power margin.

[0493] In some embodiments, the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

[0494] In some embodiments, the control information includes any of the following:

[0495] 1) Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information;

[0496] 2) Buffer Status Report (BSR) information;

[0497] 3) Scheduling Request (SR) information;

[0498] 4) Channel State Information (CSI) Report.

[0499] For alternative implementation methods of the above content, please refer to Figure 2A Optional implementation methods of steps S2101 to S2102, and Figure 2A Other related parts in the embodiments involved will not be described in detail here.

[0500] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0501] The communication method disclosed herein provides a method for a first device to report a first message (PHR).

[0502] In some embodiments, the core inventive point is: supporting the reporting of first information (PHR) on the first channel (PDRCH), the first device (device) calculating PH, and reporting it to the network device (reader).

[0503] In some embodiments, Option 1: where PH is calculated based on at least one of the following parameters:

[0504] (1) The maximum transmit power value can be pre-configured by higher layer parameters;

[0505] (2) Road loss factor α c It can be pre-configured by high-level parameters;

[0506] (3) Road loss value PL c PL c The path loss value PL is calculated by the first device, which obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal and the transmission power p2 of the downlink signal transmitted by the pre-configured base station. c For p2-p1.

[0507] (4) Target power value P O_PDRCH This value can be pre-configured by higher-level parameters. It can be a normalized power value or determined by the sum of multiple power values, such as P. O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE .

[0508] Among them, P O_nominal Indicates the nominal power value, P O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

[0509] Among them, P O_nominal P O_UE It is either a pre-configured value or a value defined by the protocol.

[0510] (5) Transmission bandwidth. Transmission bandwidth can be the number of PRBs, or the absolute bandwidth BW (such as KHz, MHz, etc.), or the bandwidth factor. The bandwidth factor refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0511] In some embodiments, PH reporting is supported when both data and control information are carried in the PDRCH, or only when data information is carried, or only when data is carried in the PDRCH is PH reported.

[0512] In some embodiments, Example 1: The PDRCH carries data and supports pH reporting of the data, wherein the pH is calculated based on the following formula:

[0513] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))};

[0514] PO_PDRCH,c =P O_NOMINAL,c +P O_UE,c ;

[0515] In the above formula, i represents the time when the PDRCH is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the PDRCH is transmitted, and the parameter M... PDRCH,c (i) indicates that the bandwidth occupied by data when transmitting data on the PDRCH is a multiple of 15KHz. For example, if the transmission bandwidth is 30KHz, M PDRCH,c (i)=2α c Represents the road loss factor, α c The value range is [0,1].

[0516] In some embodiments, Example 2: When the PDRCH carries control information, it supports the reporting of PH for the control information, wherein the calculation of PH is based on the following formula:

[0517] PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))};

[0518] P O_PDRCH,c =P O_NOMINAL,c +P O_UE,c ;

[0519] In the above formula, i represents the time when the PDRCH is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the PDRCH is transmitted, and the parameter M... PDRCH,c (i) indicates that when transmitting control information on the PDRCH, the bandwidth occupied by the control information is a multiple of 15KHz, where the path loss factor α is used when transmitting control information. c For a fixed value, α c The value is 1.

[0520] In some embodiments, when transmitting control information, the control information may be HARQ feedback information, BSR information, SR information, or CSI report.

[0521] In some embodiments, Option 2: The first device calculates PH, which is based on the parameter pcamx (maximum transmit power value) and / or the parameter Pactual (actual transmit power value of the device), such as PH = pcamx - Pactual.

[0522] In some embodiments, Example 1: Actual transmit power value Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER.

[0523] Where P0 is the target received power value, stepsize is the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER is the number of times PDRCH is sent, then PH = pcamx - (P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER).

[0524] In some embodiments, Example 2: The actual transmit power value Pactual is a specific transmit power value determined by the first device according to a predefined table.

[0525] In some embodiments, Method 1: A mapping relationship between RSRP threshold range and the transmit power of the first device is predefined.

[0526] In some embodiments, specifically: the first device determines the transmit power value of the first device by comparing the measured RSRP value with the RSRP threshold based on the measured RSRP value, as shown in Table 1.

[0527] In some embodiments, method 2: predefines the mapping relationship between the RSSI threshold range and the transmit power of the first device.

[0528] In some embodiments, specifically: the first device determines the transmit power value of the first device by comparing the measured RSSI value with the RSSI threshold based on the measured RSSI value of the downlink signal, as shown in Table 2.

[0529] In some embodiments, the payload and format of the PH report are designed as follows:

[0530] The PH report is carried in a MAC PDU or MAC CE. The MAC PDU or MAC CE is 8 bits long and has the following possible formats:

[0531] Format 1: PHR reports the power value, which occupies X bits of information.

[0532] For example, the PH report of device C is formatted as shown in Table 3, where R is the number of reserved bits. For example, if there are 5 reserved bits, then 3 bits can be used to indicate the PH.

[0533] For example, the PH report of device C is formatted as shown in Table 4, where R is the number of reserved bits. For example, if there are 4 reserved bits, then 4 bits can be used to indicate PH.

[0534] Format 2: The PHR reports the power margin level, which occupies X bits of information, including the PH report, other information bits (such as DV data and volume), and reserved bits, totaling 8 bits.

[0535] For example, the format is shown in Table 5, where R is the number of reserved bits, which is 2 bits, and DV uses 3 bits, so 3 bits can be used to indicate the PH level.

[0536] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus (also referred to as a communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the first device in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a network device (e.g., a terminal, access network device, core network functional node, core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0537] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through a configuration file, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0538] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. In addition, it can also be hardware circuits designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as ASICs, such as Neural Network Processing Units (NPUs), Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), and Deep Learning Processing Units (DPUs).

[0539] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The first device 101 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, such as Figure 4A As shown, the first device 101 may include at least one of a transceiver module 4101, a processing module 4102, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4101 is used to send first information to the network device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device. Optionally, the transceiver module is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S2102, S3101, but not limited thereto) performed by the first device 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module is used to perform at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto) performed by the first device 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0540] Figure 4BThis is a schematic diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Network device 102 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 4B As shown, network device 102 may include at least one of a transceiver module 4201, a processing module 4202, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4201 is used to receive first information sent by the first device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device. Optionally, the transceiver module is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., steps S2102, S3101, but not limited thereto) performed by network device 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module is used to perform at least one of the other steps performed by network device 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0541] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0542] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module.

[0543] In some embodiments, the processing module can be replaced by the processor, and the transceiver module can be replaced by the transceiver.

[0544] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 5100 can be a network device (e.g., a terminal, access network device, core network device, etc.), a first device (e.g., an Ambient IoT device, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first device in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 5100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0545] like Figure 5AAs shown, the communication device 5100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 includes one or more processors 5101. The processor 5101 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 5100 is used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 5100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0546] In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 further includes one or more transceivers 5102. When the communication device 5100 includes one or more transceivers 5102, the transceiver 5102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2102, S3101, but not limited thereto), and the processor 5101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0547] In some embodiments, the communication device 5100 further includes one or more memories 5103 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 5103 to cause the communication device 5100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 5103 may also be located outside the communication device 5100. In an optional embodiment, the communication device 5100 may include one or more interface circuits 5104. Optionally, the interface circuit 5104 is connected to the memory 5103 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 5103 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 5103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 5103 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5101.

[0548] The communication device 5100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a first device, but the scope of the communication device 5100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 5100 may vary. Figure 5A The limitations. The communication device may be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally including storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0549] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure shown according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 5100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to... Figure 5B The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of chip 5200, but it is not limited to this.

[0550] Chip 5200 includes one or more processors 5201. Chip 5200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0551] In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more interface circuits 5202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more memories 5203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 5203 may be located outside of chip 5200. Optionally, the interface circuit 5202 is connected to the memories 5203, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memories 5203 or other devices, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memories 5203 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5202 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memories 5203 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5201.

[0552] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 5202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method (e.g., steps S2102, S3101, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 5202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 5202 performing data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 5201, the chip 5200, the memory 5203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 5201 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto).

[0553] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0554] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0555] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0556] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a first device, the method includes: Send a first message to the network device, the first message being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the power margin.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power margin is determined based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor α c ; Road loss value PL c ; Target power value P O_PDRCH ; Transmission bandwidth.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The power margin satisfies the following formula: PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))}; Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax, c (i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c = p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the transmit power of the downlink signal, and parameter M PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first information corresponds to the first channel PDRCH that transmits control information, with a path loss factor α. c It is a fixed value.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured; or, The target power value satisfies the following formula: P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE ; Among them, P O_PDRCH P represents the target power value. O_nominal P represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The transmission bandwidth includes any of the following: The number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs); Absolute bandwidth (BW); The bandwidth factor is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power margin is determined based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value pcamx; The actual transmission power value of the first device is Pactual.

9. The method according to claim 2 or 8, characterized in that, The power margin satisfies the following formula: PH = pcamx - Pactual; Wherein, PH represents the power margin, pcamx represents the maximum transmission power value, and Pactual represents the actual transmission power value of the first device.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The actual transmit power value satisfies the following formula: Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER; where Pactual represents the actual transmit power value, P0 represents the target receive power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted. Alternatively, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The predefined table is determined based on any of the following: The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device; The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The first information is carried in any of the following: Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU); Media access control element MAC-CE.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The first information uses a multi-bit binary value to indicate the power margin.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The first information is also used to indicate the power value or power margin level of the first device.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The control information includes any of the following: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information; Buffer Status Report (BSR) information; Scheduling request SR information; Channel Status Information (CSI) report.

17. A communication method, characterized in that, Performed by a network device, the method includes: Receive first information sent by the first device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The power margin is determined based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor α c ; Road loss value PL c ; Target power value P O_PDRCH ; Transmission bandwidth.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The power margin satisfies the following formula: PH c (i)=P CMAX,c (i)-{P O_PDRCH,c +α c ·PL c +10log 10 (M PDRCH,c (i))}; Where i represents the time when the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, c represents the carrier on which the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted, and PH c (i) represents the power margin, Pcmax, c (i) represents the maximum transmit power value, P O_PDRCH,c α represents the target power value. c PL represents the road loss factor. c PL represents the road loss value. c = p2-p1, where p1 represents the measured reference signal received power (RSRP) obtained by measuring the downlink signal transmitted by the network device, p2 represents the transmit power of the downlink signal, and parameter M PDRCH,c (i) is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the bandwidth occupied by the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The first information corresponds to the first channel PDRCH that transmits control information, with a path loss factor α. c It is a fixed value.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18-20, characterized in that, The target power value P O_PDRCH It is pre-configured; Alternatively, the target power value satisfies the following formula: P O_PDRCH =P O_nominal +P O_UE ; Among them, P O_PDRCH P represents the target power value. O_nominal P represents the nominal power value. O_UE This indicates a power value specific to the network device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 18-21, characterized in that, The transmission bandwidth includes any of the following: The number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs); Absolute bandwidth (BW); The bandwidth factor is the ratio of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

23. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The power margin is determined based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value pcamx; The actual transmission power value of the first device is Pactual.

24. The method according to claim 17 or 23, characterized in that, The power margin satisfies the following formula: PH = pcamx - Pactual; Wherein, PH represents the power margin, pcamx represents the maximum transmission power value, and Pactual represents the actual transmission power value of the first device.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that, The actual transmit power value satisfies the following formula: Pactual = P0 + stepsize × TRANSMISSION_COUNTER; where Pactual represents the actual transmit power, P0 represents the target receive power value, stepsize represents the power increment step size, and TRANSMISSION_COUNTER represents the number of times the first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is transmitted. Alternatively, the actual transmit power value Pactual is determined based on a predefined table.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The predefined table is determined based on any of the following: The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the reference signal received power (RSRP) and the transmit power of the first device; The mapping relationship between the threshold range of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the transmit power of the first device.

27. The method according to any one of claims 17-26, characterized in that, The first information is carried in any of the following: Media Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU); Media access control element MAC-CE.

28. The method according to any one of claims 17-27, characterized in that, The first information uses a multi-bit binary value to indicate the power margin.

29. The method according to any one of claims 17-28, characterized in that, The first information is also used to indicate the power value or power margin level of the first device.

30. The method according to any one of claims 17-29, characterized in that, The first channel PDRCH corresponding to the first information is used to transmit data information and / or control information.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, The control information includes any of the following: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback information; Buffer Status Report (BSR) information; Scheduling request SR information; Channel Status Information (CSI) report.

32. A communication method for a communication system, the communication system comprising a first device and a network device, characterized in that, The method includes: The first device sends first information to the network device, the first information being used to indicate the power margin of the first device.

33. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1-16 and 17-31.

34. A communication system, characterized in that, The device includes a first device and a network device, wherein the first device is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 1-16, and the network device is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 17-31.

35. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-16, 17-31.

36. A program product comprising at least one of a program and instructions, characterized in that, When at least one of the programs or instructions is executed by the communication device, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-16, 17-31.

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