Power equipment cleaning system, live cleaning method and cleaning effect evaluation method

Abstract

The power equipment cleaning system is constituted as follows: a tethered unmanned aerial vehicle (1), a cleaning bin (2); an ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) or / and a high-pressure water spraying cleaning unit (4) are arranged in the cleaning bin (2); wherein: the high-pressure water spraying cleaning unit (4) is provided with a water conveying pipeline (4.1), a water bin (4.2), a high-pressure spray head (4.3) and a water spraying switch (4.4). The power equipment live cleaning method using the aforementioned power equipment cleaning system meets the following requirements in steps and contents: approaching action, dry ultrasonic pretreatment, high-pressure pure water flushing, final inspection and work completion. The power equipment live cleaning evaluation method has an evaluation index system containing 6 dimensions and 17 quantified indexes. The whole structure of the application is simple, the operability is strong, the environmental adaptability is good, and the comprehensive technical effect is excellent; the application has a predictable relatively huge economic and social value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of power equipment maintenance equipment and drone application technology, and in particular to a power equipment cleaning system, a live-line cleaning method, and a method for evaluating the cleaning effect. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power equipment external insulation operation and maintenance technology, this specifically involves live-line cleaning operations performed under operating voltages on various transmission lines, substation porcelain / composite insulators, wind turbine blades, and transformer bushings. Current technologies face significant challenges due to pollution flashover accidents and the resulting cleaning needs. Over 70% of China's transmission lines pass through Class III-IV pollution zones. Along the coast and in industrial parks, mixed pollution from salt, cement, and dust causes insulator flashover voltage drops of 40%–60%, accounting for over 25% of all line trips. Traditional water flushing during power outages requires dispatching and switching operations, with an average outage time of 4–6 hours and direct economic losses exceeding 500,000 yuan per incident. Manual climbing of towers while the line is energized carries risks of falls and electric shock, failing to meet the requirements of "less manned and unmanned" operations.

[0003] Limitations of existing live-line cleaning methods: Taking ground-mounted vehicle-mounted water cannons as an example, the water pressure is 0.8~1.2MPa, the water column resistivity is 0.1~1MΩ·cm, 220kV operation requires a 15m safety distance, the rinsing angle is limited, and there are many blind spots in the cleaning; its water consumption is 1~2t·h -1 The conductivity of the waste liquid is 50~200µS·cm -1 It requires secondary resin adsorption treatment, resulting in high environmental costs. If using manned helicopters or heavy-duty drones with a payload of 80-150kg, capable of carrying loads 1-2m... 3 Water tanks are used, but aviation fuel or high-capacity lithium batteries are employed, resulting in a single-use cost exceeding 30,000 yuan; the downwash airflow is 8~12 m·s. -1 This can easily cause insulator collisions or deformation of the equalizing ring; the water quality is only at the "DI" level (resistivity 1~5MΩ·cm), and the probability of flashover during flushing is still as high as 10%. ⁻3 The scale is significant. Dry mechanical / sandblasting can remove crusts from walnut shells and glass microspheres, but particle rebound damages the glaze layer, increasing roughness Ra by 0.3~0.5µm, and hydrophobicity decreases by 30% after one year of operation; secondary dust pollution and difficult recovery occur, failing to meet the emission requirements of GB3095-2012 for Class I atmospheric zones. If single ultrasonic or laser cleaning is used, 20~40kHz liquid-coupled ultrasound requires carrying hundreds of liters of deionized water, and there is no stable coupling layer at high altitudes; laser dry cleaning has a power density of 10~30 J·cm³. -2 It consumes 2-3kW of energy and weighs more than 15kg, making it unsuitable for long-endurance small drone platforms; it lacks online performance quantification and relies solely on visual inspection, resulting in a 15%-20% error rate.

[0004] Existing technologies have gaps in water quality and passivation techniques: Current "DI water" only focuses on conductivity, neglecting system-level control of TOC, particles, dissolved oxygen, and passivating agents. This can lead to a 20-30% or greater drop in resistivity within 24 hours after rinsing. Furthermore, the lack of an "online closed-loop" concept results in a 10-30 minute delay in detecting water drift, leading to at least six flashover accidents involving "resistive water" in China between 2015 and 2023. Existing technologies also lack effective evaluation: relying primarily on visual inspection and laboratory weighing 24 hours after salt-density patch application, they cannot provide immediate on-site assessment, resulting in a 25-35% rework rate. The absence of quantitative indicators such as "passivation film formation degree" and "real-time closed-loop water jet resistivity" makes the cleaning-passivation quality untraceable. A key technical bottleneck in existing tethered UAV platforms is the contradiction between micro-cable weight and conductivity: copper cables are typically 11gm. -1 The resistance is 0.45 Ω·m. -1 With a temperature rise of 35℃, fatigue life is <5000 cycles; although aluminum alloy is lightweight, its strength is insufficient (σ0.2 < 80MPa), and the wire breakage rate is >20% after 3000 repeated winding and unwinding cycles; electromagnetic compatibility: 30 kV·m -1 The probability of false triggering of a conventional insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) under power frequency field is 10%. -2 No fiber optic isolation solution.

[0005] Existing technologies such as vehicle-mounted 0.1 MΩ·cm water cannons rarely address the issues of closed-loop water quality and waste liquid; heavy-duty hexacopter DI water flushing rarely uses passivating agents to enhance the effect; pure air cannon cleaning typically achieves a removal rate of less than 60% and is ineffective against crust-like dirt; laser-vacuum adsorption has a heavy operating device, which affects the technical effect and is basically only suitable for ground platforms; existing technologies rarely include online assessments or quantitative evaluations of live-line cleaning of electrical equipment with strong feasibility and satisfactory technical results. Common defects in existing technologies: Low water quality: resistivity is generally ≤5 MΩ·cm, total organic carbon (TOC) ≤3ppb, passivator micro-addition, nitrogen oxygen isolation and other "extreme purity" control; Lack of real-time assessment: salt density patching requires 24 hours, making on-site closed-loop rework impossible; Platform incompatibility: heavy-duty solutions cannot be deployed on long-endurance small drones; light-duty solutions have low removal rates and no passivation protection; Insufficient safety redundancy: no closed-loop logic of "online drop in water column resistivity → automatic shutdown"; Lack of environmental protection emissions: waste liquid conductivity 50~200 µScm -1 This requires additional resin adsorption, increasing costs and secondary waste. There is an urgent need for a technically effective electrical equipment cleaning system, a live-line cleaning method, and a method for evaluating cleaning effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a power equipment cleaning system, a live-line cleaning method, and a method for evaluating cleaning effects with good technical performance. The power equipment cleaning system comprises: a tethered drone 1 and a cleaning chamber 2; wherein the cleaning chamber 2 is mounted on the drone 1 or connected to the drone 1 via a pipeline; characterized in that: the cleaning chamber 2 is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 and / or a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit 4; wherein the high-pressure water jet cleaning unit 4 is equipped with a water supply pipeline 4.1, a water tank 4.2, a high-pressure nozzle 4.3, and a water jet switch 4.4; wherein the high-pressure nozzle 4.3 is connected to the water tank 4.2, which serves as the water source, via the water supply pipeline 4.1, and the water jet switch 4.4 is located on the high-pressure nozzle 4.3 or the water supply pipeline 4.1; the cleaning water in the water tank 4.2 is deionized water that meets the EW-Ⅰ grade requirements of GB / T11446.1, satisfying the following requirements: Parameter range requirements for deionized water that can be directly used for live-line cleaning of electrical equipment: Water quality indicators for deionized water used for live-line cleaning of electrical equipment: Conductivity: 0.030~0.045 μS·cm -1 (25℃), corresponding resistivity 22~25 MΩ·cm; pH: 6.8~7.2 (25℃), stable with a 0.8~1.2 ppm buffer system (based on free CO2); TOC: ≤ 3ppb; ≥0.5 µm particles: ≤10 pcs·mL -1 Total bacterial count: ≤1 CFU / 100mL; Dissolved oxygen: 4~6 mg·L -1 (Maintaining a suitable redox potential to inhibit metal pitting corrosion); Functional micro-additives (completely volatile or complexed, leaving no solid residue) meet the following requirements: Passivating agent: Hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFA) 0.8~1.5µg·L -1 Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 0.3~0.6µg·L -1 Morpholine-trifluoroacetate 0.2~0.4µg·L -1 The combined material can form a CuF2 / AlF3 mixed passivation film on the surface of Al, Cu, and Zn, with a film thickness of 2~5 nm and a film resistance ≥10 Ω·cm. 12 Ω·sq -1 Film formation within 30 minutes is required, and the residual volatile matter after 2 hours should be ≤0.1µg·cm³. -2 ; Transient complex stabilizer: Thioglycolic acid (TGA) 0.05~0.10µg·L -1 Used to lock Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ To prevent the deposition of "yellow water"; 0.03~0.08 µg·L of 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt.-1 This improves the thermal stability of the passivation film at 150 °C.

[0007] Live-line cleaning performance requirements: Electrical performance: Power frequency flashover voltage (standard 25kV insulator, altitude ≤1000m, 65%RH): ≥38kV(rms), compared to commercially available 0.1 μS·cm -1 DI water increase ≥15%; Surface leakage current 30 min after cleaning (at rated voltage 25kV): ≤8µA; Material compatibility: Metal corrosion rate (aluminum, copper, galvanized steel, 14d immersion): ≤0.02g·m -2 ·d -1 It meets the requirements of GB / T6461-2002 for the mildest level Rp10 (the sample surface has no visible corrosion defects in the base metal, i.e., corrosion area A=0%, corresponding to a protection rating of Rp=10); environmental emission requirements: the conductivity of the cleaning waste liquid ≤0.10μS·cm -1 It can be directly discharged into the chemical neutralization tank of the power plant without the need for additional resin adsorption.

[0008] The preferred technical content of the power equipment cleaning system of the present invention is as follows: when a high-pressure water spray cleaning unit 4 is provided in the cleaning chamber 2, the deionized water is secondary reverse osmosis deionized water (i.e., secondary RO deionized water); the preparation method of secondary reverse osmosis deionized water sequentially meets the following requirements: Step 1, raw water pretreatment, pretreatment is carried out in the following manner: firstly, sand tank filtration is used to remove mud and rust; then activated carbon adsorption is used to remove residual chlorine and odor; then softening resin is used to replace calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions to prevent scaling of the subsequent reverse osmosis membrane; Step 2, fine washing, i.e., primary reverse osmosis treatment (preliminary desalination): the water treated in Step 1 is squeezed through the first reverse osmosis membrane using a high-pressure pump; Required result: the conductivity of the product water is reduced to 5~20 μS·cm -1 (95% salt removal); Step 3, followed by fine washing, i.e., secondary reverse osmosis treatment (deep desalination): the clean water obtained in Step 2 is then squeezed through a second, denser RO membrane; Result requirement: permeate conductivity ≤ 0.8 μS·cm -1 After removing over 90% of the salt, step 4, post-processing (ultra-purification): Electrodeionization (EDI): removes the remaining ions to achieve a conductivity ≤0.06 μS·cm. -1 (Resistivity approximately 15 MΩ·cm); Nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin: further "absorbs" trace ions, resulting in conductivity approaching 0.055 μS·cm. -1(Resistivity approximately 18.2 MΩ·cm), achieving nuclear-grade ultrapure water; Step 5, final treatment of microorganisms and particles: using a 0.22µm filter cartridge to filter out any tiny particles, ensuring water cleanliness; 185nm UV + trace H2O2 treatment: using ultraviolet light to decompose bacteria and organic matter; trace H2O2 further oxidizes residual organic matter, ensuring total organic carbon (TOC) ≤ 3ppb; Step 6, storage and sealing: using nitrogen sealing, filling the ultrapure water tank with nitrogen to maintain a slight positive pressure of 0.1~0.5MPa to prevent the tank from absorbing dust and CO2 from the air, maintaining water purity. After completing the above steps, ultrapure deionized water, almost free of any salt, particles, and bacteria, will continuously flow from the tap, and can be directly used to rinse high-voltage electrical equipment.

[0009] Step 1 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method also meets the following requirements: The sand tank includes the following components: Tank body: vertical cylinder, diameter Ø600~Ø1200mm, straight section height 1200~2000mm, total height 1800~3000mm; material is 316L stainless steel, inner lining thickness 3mm food-grade EPDM, weld seam polished with Ra≤0.8µm to avoid iron leaching; Water distributor: A 360° rotating water distributor (304SS) is installed at the upstream water inlet on the top of the sand tank. The arm has a 1.5mm angled hole with a hole velocity of 1.8m·s. -1 This creates tangential scouring, preventing water from impacting the sand surface and causing gullies; Water collector: Located at the bottom of the sand tank, it adopts a double-safety structure of "flared mouth + wire-wound screen tube", with a wire gap of ≤0.25mm and a V-shaped cross section to ensure that the smallest sand particle of 0.6mm does not leak; a cross-shaped flow stabilizer is installed inside the flared mouth to reduce dead zone; The "flared mouth + wire-wound screen" double-safety structure is a bottom water-collecting combination with a "large outer diameter and small inner diameter, two-layer interception" design, completely buried under the support layer. Specifically, the outer layer is a flared mouth structure, specifically an inverted fluid flow channel with a conical-cylindrical transition section where the upper diameter is larger than the lower diameter. The upper diameter is equal to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the sand tank's inner diameter, and the lower diameter is equal to twice the outlet pipe diameter, with a cone angle of 30° to 45°. It is made of 316L stainless steel plate, 3mm thick, with an inner surface Ra≤0.8µm. The "flared mouth + wire-wound screen" double-safety structure is used to "catch" the vertical flow from above within a 360° range, then guide it to the center, eliminating dead zones. Simultaneously, it acts as the first "coarse barrier," intercepting larger gravel (≥4mm) that penetrates the support layer. The inner layer is a wire-wound screen tube, located at the center of the bottom of the bell mouth and coaxially welded to the straight outlet pipe; the outer shape is a "Johnson screen tube" with a diameter of Ø80-150mm and a length of 300-500mm; structural requirements: outside the longitudinal support ribs of Ø6mm, a triangular stainless steel wire of Ø1.5mm is spirally wound, with the apex of the triangle facing outward, forming a continuous "V" shaped gap of 0.20-0.25mm; function: a second "fine barrier" to intercept sand particles >0.6mm; the V-shaped gap has a "narrow outside and wide inside" self-sharpening effect, making it easy for sand particles to be washed away by the water flow and less likely to get stuck; The flow stabilizer plate, located at half the height of the cone section of the funnel mouth, consists of four horizontally welded 316L cross-shaped thin plates, each 30mm wide with rounded edges. Its function is to divide the potential swirling flow or high-speed jet into four symmetrical small channels, reducing turbulence and preventing localized negative pressure suction. It also ensures more even water distribution during backwashing. The assembly requirements for the "funnel mouth + wire-wound screen" double-safety structure are as follows: the bottom support layer is 4-8mm gravel, 150mm thick, directly resting on the outer wall of the funnel mouth. The wire-wound screen is then backfilled with 8-16mm pebbles, 50mm thick, both fixing the screen and creating secondary flow rectification. During operation, water is first "coarsely collected" through the funnel mouth, then "finely filtered" through the wire-wound gaps, and finally discharged through the central straight pipe. During backwashing, the direction is reversed; the water flow is first evenly distributed through the wire-wound gaps and then flows upwards through the entire sand layer. The sand tank has a 200mm quick-opening manhole at half its height, and is equipped with a 50mm thick transparent tempered glass sight glass for observers. It has a built-in LED low-voltage lamp, which enables online observation of the thickness of the contamination layer on the sand surface, serving as a prerequisite for triggering backwashing. Self-compensating venting: The top is equipped with a "dry" automatic venting valve. The valve core of the automatic venting valve is a PTFE hollow float ball with a contact angle of 110°. It does not stick to scale and can automatically discharge trapped air during operation to prevent air resistance from causing flow deviation. Activated carbon adsorption (its innovation lies in dual-pathway adsorption + surface oxidation) meets the following requirements: Activated carbon adsorption structure: A vertical fiberglass tank (Ø800mm × H1800mm) is used, lined with a 3mm thick PVDF chlorine-proof layer; the upper and lower water distributors use 0.4mm slit wire; the carbon gradation requirements are as follows: a bottom layer of 4mm columnar carbon, 200mm thick (for buffering), a middle layer of 2mm broken carbon, 600mm thick (the main adsorption layer), and an upper layer of 0.5mm powdered carbon, 100mm thick (as a polishing layer); surface modification: the middle layer carbon is oxidized at 450°C in a 5% O2 / Ar gas flow for 30 minutes to generate carboxyl and lactone groups, increasing the residual chlorine adsorption capacity from 15 gCl2 / kg to 28 gCl2 / kg; simultaneously, the adsorption rate for trihalomethanes (THM) is increased by 42%; operation: filtration rate 12m·h. -1 Empty bed contact time (EBCT) ≥ 8 min; when residual chlorine in effluent > 0.05 mg·L-1 Backwashing is triggered when the pressure difference is greater than 0.08 MPa; backwashing: first gas wash for 3 minutes, intensity 10 Lm -2 ·s -1 After 5 minutes of combined air and water treatment, the water is washed with pure water until the turbidity of the effluent is <0.3 NTU; 5% new carbon is added annually and all carbon is replaced every 3 years; oxidation modification + three-layer gradient packing.

[0010] The requirements for softening resin treatment are: the resin is Rohm and Haas AmberLite™ HPR1300Na, with a uniform particle size of 570µm and a uniformity coefficient ≤1.1; the packing height is 1.2m, and the bed porosity is 0.35; the first step is to perform "pulse salt adsorption" at a rate of 60m·h. -1 A 30-second instantaneous flow velocity impact was applied to break up the channeling, reducing the hardness leakage rate from 2% to 0.3%. Then, a counter-current regeneration method was used, with the brine flowing in the opposite direction to the operating direction, a NaCl concentration of 8%, and a contact time of 30 minutes. Afterward, a replacement process was performed: a slow wash with secondary reverse osmosis permeate for 20 minutes at a flow rate of 4 m / h. -1 Wash until hardness < 1 mg CaCO3·L -1 The treatment ends when the conductivity recovers to ±3% of the influent conductivity; Control requirements for softening resin treatment: online hardness electrode (0~200µgL) -1 +PLC; when hardness penetration is 20µg·L -1 This means early regeneration, which saves 18% of salt consumption compared to traditional timed regeneration; Innovation: pulse salt adsorption + hardness electrode closed-loop control; In step 2 of the two-stage reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the primary reverse osmosis membrane used in the primary reverse osmosis treatment must meet the following requirements: Membrane structure: The primary reverse osmosis membrane is a Dow FilmTec™ BW30XFR-400 / 34i polyamide composite membrane with a 34mil feed channel; effective area 400 ft. 2 The desalination layer is 200 nm thick, with a surface zeta potential of –30 mV (pH 7), and a chlorine tolerance of 1000 ppm·h. The first-stage reverse osmosis membrane element is 20 cm × 10² cm in size, with six pressure vessels arranged in a 3-2-1 configuration. The inter-stage booster pump operates at a pressure of 0.25 MPa, ensuring a terminal flux of 16 Lm for the second stage. -2 .h -1 A 0.5mm PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon) wedge-shaped groove is laser-clad on the inside of the standard end cap to form a turbulence promoter, reducing the concentration polarization index from 1.18 to 1.05 and decreasing the annual cleaning frequency by 30%. Innovation: Turbulence-promoting end cap. First-stage reverse osmosis operation requirements: Inlet water conditions: SDI < 3, residual chlorine < 0.05 mg·L⁻¹. -1 Temperature 25±2 °C, pH 6.5~7.5; dosage 3 mg·L -1Scale inhibitor (PermaTreat™ 191) and 0.8 mg·L -1 Non-oxidizing bactericide (DBNPA); operating pressure: 1.05~1.25MPa, flux: 27Lm -2 h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is 8~12 µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥97.5%; recovery rate up to 95%; online monitoring requirements: for each pressure vessel's product water conductivity meter, when the average conductivity of a single vessel is 15% higher, an "O-ring leak" alarm is triggered; combined with a portable ultrasonic flow meter, faulty components can be located within 10 minutes; cleaning requirements: when the standardized flux decreases by 10% or the inter-stage pressure difference increases by 15%, use pH 2 citric acid + pH 11 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate for segmented cleaning, circulate for 60 minutes, soak for 120 minutes, and then circulate for 30 minutes to restore more than 92% of the flux; In step 3 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionization water preparation method, the secondary reverse osmosis treatment meets the following requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane structure meets the requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane model is Hydranautics ESPA2-LD, low-pressure high desalination, polyamide composite, with a feed water channel thickness of 34 mil; boron removal rate of 95%, silica removal rate of 99.2%; The secondary reverse osmosis membrane element size is 10cm×102cm, a total of 8 elements / pressure vessel, arranged in a 2-1 configuration, a total of 8 elements; The membrane shell is made of 316L ultra-low carbon stainless steel, Ra≤0.4µm, electrolytically polished; A pulse reflux valve is added at the concentrate outlet, opening for 3 seconds every 30 minutes, instantly refluxing 15% of the flow rate to disperse the high-salt pulse at the boundary layer; The net drive pressure is reduced by 0.03MPa, and the chemical cleaning cycle is doubled; Innovation point: Pulse reflux anti-polarization. Detailed requirements for the secondary reverse osmosis treatment process: Feed water: Primary RO permeate, temperature as before, pH 7.0~7.5 (fine-tuned with NaOH), dosage 1 mg·L⁻¹ -1 Scale inhibitor; operating pressure: 0.70~0.85MPa, recovery rate 80%, flux 20Lm -2 ·h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is ≤0.6µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥95% (for primary product water); effluent parameters: SiO2 ≤5µg·L -1 TOC ≤ 15 µg·L -1 Cu / Zn / Fe ≤1µg·L -1 This meets the subsequent EDI water intake requirements; In step 4 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the ultra-fine washing (EDI + nuclear-grade mixed bed + terminal treatment) meets the following requirements: Firstly, the continuous electrodeionization (EDI) module meets the following requirements: it uses a Siemens Ionpure® G2-30X 30gpm plate-and-frame EDI membrane stack with a water production rate of 3m³ / h.3 .h -1 Independent reflux of concentrate / electrode water; employing "full-fill" technology, the resin chamber is 100% filled with electronic-grade uniform particle resin, wherein the cation resin particle size is controlled at 650µm and the anion resin particle size is controlled at 550µm, and the mass ratio or volume ratio between cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin is typically 1:1.5; no chemical regeneration; power supply is DC 0~400V, 0~6A, with automatic constant current of 2.5A; the voltage is adjusted in real time according to the CO2 change of the influent, requiring the product water resistivity to be stable at 17.5~18.0MΩ·cm; meeting the following control requirements: desalination chamber flow rate 25cm·s -1 Concentrate chamber 10cm·s -1 , extreme water chamber 5cm·s -1 The concentrate reflux ratio is 30%, and the electrode water is directly discharged at 1%. A 185nm UV + 1ppm H2O2 micro-dosage device is installed on the concentrate reflux pipeline at a dosage of 30~60Wm. -2 The solution is held for 2-5 seconds to instantly oxidize the organic carbon (TOC) accumulated in the concentrate into CO2, which is then discharged through the EDI anion membrane. The module's TOC back pressure is ≤3µg / L. -1 Lifespan extended by 20%; Innovation: UV-H2O2 concentrated water online cleaning; Working principle: 185nm is vacuum ultraviolet light, which can be absorbed by water itself to generate photolysis products (·OH, H·, eaq). - It oxidizes ppb-level organic matter (urea, IPA, acetone, humic acid, etc.) into CO2 + H2O (free radicals); the difference between 185nm and 254nm is that 185nm UV mainly "oxidizes organic matter" and also has a bactericidal effect. Secondly, the nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin (polished) meets the following requirements: the ion exchange resin is Purolite® NRW37-Nuclear, and the cation resin is H... + Type, anion resin OH - Type, 1:1.5 volume ratio, total ion leakage at the time of manufacture ≤0.1µg·L -1 The conversion rate is ≥99.9%; the container is a polished 316L column with a diameter of φ300mm and a height of 1m, with an operating flow rate of 60m·h. -1 The bed depth is 800mm; 0.2mm wire-wound screen tubes are installed at the top and bottom to prevent resin leakage; during operation, when the effluent Na... + >0.05µg·L -1 If the resistivity is <18.2MΩ·cm, the ion exchange resin should be replaced. The actual operating cycle is 6~8 months. Requirements for replacing ion exchange resin: the old resin should be vacuum-extracted in a Class 100 clean room, and the new resin should be backwashed 3 times with 18.2MΩ·cm water before vacuum filling to avoid air contact and CO2 introduction. Thirdly, the terminal filtration and sterilization meet the following requirements: Terminal microfiltration using 0.22µm PES capsule filter cartridges (Pall® Kleenpak™ Nova is the brand and model), achieving "absolute rejection" for bacteria, colloids, and particles, with an integrity test bubble point ≥3.4 bar; single-layer asymmetric structure, β≥5000; 10-inch cartridges, arranged in series of two; replacement when the pressure difference reaches 0.08MPa; filtration function: mechanically intercepting bacteria (≥0.2µm) and activated carbon and resin fragments, ensuring that particles in the effluent are ≤1 ml. -1 In "electrified flushing" applications, any particle will become a conductive bridge in the water film; 0.22µm is the industry-standard "terminal safety" precision. The sterilization process uses a low-pressure mercury lamp with 185nm UV light (185nm center wavelength) for sterilization, and a Philips TUV16W ozone-free lamp with an irradiation dose of 120 mJ·cm⁻¹. -2 The cavity is electropolished to a depth of Ra≤0.25µm using 316 L electrolytic polishing, and the reflector is coated with an Rh layer. This process decomposes methanol, urea, and other substances in the TOC (total organic carbon) into CO2+H2O, resulting in an effluent TOC≤3ppb. It also contains trace amounts of H2O2 (μ-H2O2, µg·L). -1 Grade): Dosage: 50~200 µg·L -1 (ppb level), far below the commonly used disinfection concentration; 30% injection grade, metered pump 0.3ppm online addition, synergistically generates OH with low-pressure mercury lamp ultraviolet light (185 nm UV) with a center wavelength of 185 nm, with a sterilization rate ≥6log (validated using the most difficult-to-kill thermophilic lipid spores in a biological indicator challenge experiment and meeting the standard requirements); the mechanism of action of micro-dose H2O2: forming a "photo-oxidation synergy" with 185 nm, H2O2 absorbs 185 nm and homolytically cleaves to generate OH. - The reaction rate constant is 10. 9 M -1 .s -1 It can further mineralize trace amounts of TOC within seconds; at the same time, it maintains a "residual oxygen" environment of 1~3 ppb in the pipeline network, inhibiting bacterial regeneration. The role of micro-dose H2O2: It hardly increases conductivity (H2O2 itself is a neutral molecule, which decomposes into water and oxygen); it can effectively avoid the introduction of additional ions or byproducts by conventional bactericides (Cl2, O3); nitrogen sealing: The top of the water tank is equipped with 0.2 bar micro-positive pressure N2 (5.0 grade), which is automatically replenished when the liquid level drops through a combination of self-regulating pressure valve and 0.22µm gas filter, with CO2 increment ≤0.2 ppm and resistivity decrease ≤0.1 MΩ·cm over 24 h; Innovation Highlights: A pre-treatment module combining oxidatively modified three-layer gradient activated carbon and pulsed salt adsorption countercurrent softening achieves simultaneous deep removal of residual chlorine and hardness. The "dual-pulse" reverse osmosis structure, utilizing turbulence to promote end cap operation and pulsed reflux valves, reduces concentration polarization and extends the cleaning cycle. Online UV-H2O2 organic carbon oxidation technology on the EDI concentrate reflux side suppresses TOC back pressure and improves module lifespan. The key step, an integrated "polishing-sterilization-oxygen isolation" process using a nuclear-grade mixed bed and 0.22µm+185nm UV+μ-H2O2, ensures that the permeate maintains a resistivity ≥18.2 MΩ·cm and TOC ≤3ppb for rinsing within 24 hours, meeting the ultrapure water requirements for 220kV electrified flushing. The physical significance of resistivity ≥18.2 MΩ·cm (25 ℃): The theoretical limiting conductivity of pure water is 0.055 µS·cm. -1 This corresponds to a resistivity of 18.18 MΩ·cm; ≥18.2 MΩ·cm indicates ionic impurities <0.1 µg·L. -1 (NaCl equivalent).

[0011] In 220kV live flushing, the water column resistance directly determines the leakage current: for every 1 MΩ·cm decrease in resistivity, the leakage current increases by approximately 5-8%. Therefore, maintaining "limited purity" is essential to ensure personal and equipment safety. The meaning of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ≤ 3 ppb: Total organic carbon ≤ 3 µg·L⁻¹ -1 Although organic molecules are not conductive, they decompose into CO2 and organic acids when heated or exposed to an electric field, causing a rapid drop in resistivity and the formation of surface deposits. Semiconductor SEMIF63 requires a TOC ≤ 5 ppb, while electrostatic rinsing reduces this limit to 3 ppb to prevent a significant deterioration in resistivity within 24 hours. The challenge of maintaining this "24-hour retention" lies in the fact that once ultrapure water is produced, it immediately begins to degrade; after dissolving CO2 in the air, its resistivity drops to 17-18 MΩ·cm. If microorganisms proliferate or organic matter dissolves, the TOC can rise above 10 ppb. Common application solutions include: using nitrogen at a positive pressure of 20-30 mbar in the storage tank to isolate CO2 and oxygen; adding 185nm UV + μ-H2O2 to the circulation loop to achieve "continuous online oxidation" and antibacterial action; and using a 0.22 µm respirator and sterilizing filter housing at the terminal to avoid secondary contamination. 220 kV live flushing: Applications include water flushing and decontamination of insulators and transmission lines in substations under uninterrupted power conditions; water column requirements: resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm, TOC ≤ 5 ppb, particles ≤ 1ml -1The system is free of live bacteria. The integrated terminal, consisting of a nuclear-grade mixed bed, 0.22µm filter, 185nm UV filter, and μ-H2O2, simultaneously fulfills the three functions of polishing, sterilization, and oxygen isolation, ensuring that the rinsing water maintains ultra-high insulation performance within 24 hours, preventing flashover or excessive leakage current. In summary, the aforementioned components construct an "ultimate purity" process chain: the nuclear-grade mixed bed ensures "zero ion discharge," the 0.22µm filter provides a particle / bacterial barrier, and the 185nm UV filter and μ-H2O2 filter achieve deep oxidation and continuous antibacterial action, ultimately maintaining the product water at ≥18.2 MΩ·cm and TOC ≤3 ppb within 24 hours, meeting the stringent insulation requirements for 220 kV live flushing. After completing these four steps, ultrapure deionized water, virtually free of salt, particles, and bacteria, continuously flows from the tap, ready for direct flushing of high-voltage electrical equipment.

[0012] The drone 1 in the power equipment cleaning system is a tethered drone that meets the following requirements: its aerial platform is a hexacopter or octacopter drone, corresponding to the DJI M350 / M400 drone, and its power supply method is external power supply via tether cable 1.5, battery power supply, or generator power supply; when using external power supply, the drone 1 is equipped with an onboard step-down module 1.1, which is connected to a 400~1500V DC power supply 1.2 via tether cable 1.5. The onboard step-down module 1.1 transforms the DC power supply 1.2 to 48V / 50V to power the drive motor 1.3; The tether cable 1.5 for tethered drones meets the following requirements: withstand voltage of 3000VDC / 60s without breakdown, leakage protection requirement ≤30mA; the tether cable 1.5 uses a high-voltage composite cable, a copper alloy power core, or an aluminum alloy power core, with a minimum bending radius ≤120mm; the outer layer of the tether cable 1.5 uses a Kevlar tensile layer + TPU / FEP insulation, with an insulation resistance ≥500 MΩ·km; the tensile strength requirement of the tether cable 1.5 is ≥500 N (50kgf), breaking strength ≥300kg, withstand voltage of 1500V, and linear density (weight) ≤19g / m; the tether cable 1.5 is an optoelectronic composite cable, its core being a lightweight copper alloy or aluminum alloy conductor power core, wherein: When the tether cable 1.5 has a copper alloy power core, its composition and content meet the following requirements: Cu ≥ 96.0; Ni 0.8~1.2; Sn 0.05~0.12; Fe 0.02~0.08; P 0.015~0.035; Ag 0.02~0.06; the balance is impurities, with each type ≤ 0.01 and the total ≤ 0.08; among which: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, increasing the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180 ℃ ≥ 110 MPa, while maintaining an electrical conductivity ≥ 82% IACS; Ag microalloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12%. The conductivity loss is <1% IACS; P is used as a deoxidizer to control oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring that the wire does not break after repeated bending >15000 times; the preparation method of copper alloy power core wire blank meets the following requirements: Step 1, horizontal continuous casting: casting temperature 1120~1150℃, drawing speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 This process yields φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4~6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds of exiting the crystallizer, the billet enters a 650~700℃ holding section, remains there for 15~25 seconds, and then is treated at ≥15℃·s. -1 Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging 280~320℃ / 4~6h, so that the average size of the precipitated phase is 5~15 nm and the volume fraction is 1.2~1.8%; In the preparation of copper alloy power core wire blank, the finished product requires a single wire diameter of 0.05~0.08 mm, a stranded structure of 19×0.07 mm, and a unit weight ≤5.8 g·m -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m -1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; Innovation of copper alloy power core: For the first time, the "Cu-Ni-Sn-Ag quaternary microalloying system" is used in the 1.5mm ultra-fine conductor of the mooring cable, while also meeting the requirements of <6gm -1 Linear density and 82% IACS level conductivity; a coupled process of "online solid solution + rapid water quenching" and "low temperature short time aging" is proposed to solve the synergistic control of fine grains and nano-precipitates, and significantly improve the fatigue life of repeated opening and closing; When the tether cable 1.5 has an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content must meet the following requirements: Al ≥ 99.0%; Mg 0.25~0.35%; Si 0.08~0.15%; Fe 0.06~0.12%; Cu 0.02~0.05%; B 0.01~0.03%; RE (Ce+La mixture) 0.015~0.04%; other impurities ≤ 0.01% for each individual, ≤ 0.05% in total; Design highlights: Mg / Si mass ratio 2.2~2.8, forming sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥ 95 MPa; the combined addition of B and RE can increase the Fe phase spheroidization rate to ≥ 80%, significantly reducing the processing crack initiation and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥ 56% IACS (with 31.5 mΩ) -1 ·mm -2 (equivalent), density 2.71 g·cm³ -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; The preparation of the aluminum alloy power core meets the following requirements: Step 1, continuous casting with belt: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15~20℃s -1 Step 1: Billet exit temperature ≤ 420℃, obtaining aluminum rods with a diameter of 9.5mm; Step 2: Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30, final rolling speed 6~8m·s -1 Step 3, Online quenching: Within 1.2 seconds after rolling, the material is placed in a 15℃ water bath with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To suppress the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6~1.0%. Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; Innovation: A novel Al-Mg-Si alloy system with "ultra-low Cu and micro-B-RE composite modification" is proposed, achieving 1.2gm -1 The synergy between ultra-lightweight conductor and 56% IACS conductivity; This invention is the first to apply the short process of "hot rolling-online quenching-medium temperature aging" to 1.5 micro-filaments of tethered cables, breaking through the technical bottleneck of insufficient strength and low fatigue life of traditional aluminum conductors; The overall structure of the fiber optic composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV·mm. -1Long-term temperature resistance up to 250℃; Optical unit: G657.D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly wrapped with 0.2mm Teflon FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer), and covered with a 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength ≥300N·100mm. -1 Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25~30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, abrasion resistance ≤0.05g (1000 times, 1kg, 120°); overall cable outer diameter ≤2.2mm, linear density ≤6g·m -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

[0013] When the tether cable 1.5 of the UAV 1 in the power equipment cleaning system is a copper alloy power core, its composition and content meet the following requirements: Cu≥96.0; Ni 0.8~1.2; Sn 0.05~0.12; Fe 0.02~0.08; P 0.015~0.035; Ag 0.02~0.06; balance is impurities, single type ≤0.01, total ≤0.08; wherein: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, improving the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180℃ ≥110MPa, while maintaining electrical conductivity ≥82%IACS; Ag microalloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12% while reducing conductivity loss to <1%IACS; P acts as a deoxidizer, controlling oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring wire breakage after repeated bending >15000 times; the preparation method of copper alloy power core wire billet meets the following requirements: Step 1, horizontal continuous casting: casting temperature 1120~1150℃, drawing speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 This process yields φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4~6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds of exiting the crystallizer, the billet enters a 650~700℃ holding section, remains there for 15~25 seconds, and then is treated at ≥15℃·s. -1 Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging 280~320℃ / 4~6h, resulting in an average precipitated phase size of 5~15nm and a volume fraction of 1.2~1.8%. During the preparation of copper alloy power core wire blanks, the finished single wire diameter is required to be 0.05~0.08mm, the stranding is a 19×0.07mm structure, and the unit weight is ≤5.8g·m. -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m-1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; Innovation of the copper alloy power core: For the first time, the "Cu-Ni-Sn-Ag quaternary microalloying system" is used in the 1.5mm ultrafine conductor of the tether cable, while also achieving <6g·m -1 Linear density and 82% IACS level conductivity; a coupled process of "online solid solution + rapid water quenching" and "low temperature short time aging" is proposed to solve the synergistic control of fine grains and nano-precipitates, and significantly improve the fatigue life of repeated opening and closing; When the tether cable 1.5 has an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content meet the following requirements: Al ≥ 99.0%; Mg 0.25~0.35%; Si 0.08~0.15%; Fe 0.06~0.12%; Cu 0.02~0.05%; B 0.01~0.03%; RE (Ce+La mixture) 0.015~0.04%; other impurities ≤ 0.01% for each type and ≤ 0.05% for the total amount. Design considerations: A Mg / Si mass ratio of 2.2~2.8 leads to sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥ 95 MPa; the combined addition of B and RE increases the Fe phase spheroidization rate to ≥ 80%, significantly reducing processing crack initiation and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥ 56% IACS (equivalent to 31.5 mΩ). -1 ·mm -2 ), density 2.71 g·cm³ -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; The preparation of the aluminum alloy power core meets the following requirements: Step 1, belt-type continuous casting: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15~20℃·s -1 Step 1: Billet exit temperature ≤ 420℃, obtaining aluminum rods with a diameter of 9.5mm; Step 2: Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30, final rolling speed 6~8m·s -1 Step 3, online quenching: The rolled material is placed in a 15℃ water bath within 1.2 seconds, with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To inhibit the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; Medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6~1.0%. Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; Innovation: A novel Al-Mg-Si alloy system with "ultra-low Cu and micro-B-RE composite modification" is proposed, achieving 1.2 g·m -1 The synergy between ultra-lightweight conductors and 56% IACS conductivity; the first application of the short process of "hot rolling-online quenching-medium temperature aging" to tether cable 1.5 microfilaments, breaking through the technical bottleneck of insufficient strength and low fatigue life of traditional aluminum conductors.

[0014] The overall structure of the fiber optic composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV·mm. -1 Long-term temperature resistance up to 250℃; Optical unit: G657.D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly wrapped with 0.2mm Teflon FEP, and covered with 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength of ≥300N·100mm. -1 Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25~30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, abrasion resistance ≤0.05g (1000 times, 1kg, 120°); overall cable outer diameter ≤2.2mm, linear density ≤6g / m -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

[0015] The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 in the cleaning chamber 2 is an ultrasonic air cannon cleaning system, which can perform "dry" online cleaning of dirt on the outer surface of 500kV transmission line insulator strings, wind turbine blades and other high-altitude surfaces; it can work in conjunction with the high-pressure water spray cleaning unit 4 to achieve better equipment cleaning results. Pure air cannon: can only blow away loose dust, with a removal rate of <30% for crust-like dirt (cement, bird droppings, oil stains), but the effect is better when used in conjunction with high-pressure water jet cleaning unit 4; Pure ultrasonic: requires liquid coupling, but there is no water source at high altitudes; if dry "air coupling" is used, there is acoustic impedance mismatch, high cavitation threshold, and effective distance <30mm; UAV platform: limited by load, power supply, and center of gravity, existing 20~40kHz cleaning generators weigh 2.5~4kg and consume 800~1500W, which cannot be used for long-term operation; however, it has better usability on tethered UAV platforms; Electromagnetic compatibility: high voltage transmission lines 2~10kV·m -1In power frequency fields, conventional IGBT driver boards are prone to false triggering and system crashes. The ultrasonic air cannon, as part of the ultrasonic cleaning unit 3, addresses the following technical issues: First, it effectively introduces ultrasonic waves into the contaminant layer under liquid-free conditions, achieving a removal rate of ≥90%; second, the system's total weight is ≤1.2kg, continuous power consumption is ≤180W, and it is compatible with DJI M300 and higher-level drones, requiring 12V / 25A power supply; third, it possesses 30kV·m... -1 Reliable operation capability under strong electromagnetic interference.

[0016] When the ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 is an ultrasonic air cannon, it is an "ultrasonic sensitized air cannon": first, a 28kHz ultrasonic air-coupled beam (sound pressure level of 165dB at 100mm in the far field) is used to induce microcracks / local resonance in the dirt layer. After 0.1~0.3s, a 0.3MPa, φ30mm pulse air cannon is immediately fired, and the cracks peel off instantly under air pressure, realizing "ultrasonic-pneumatic" synergistic peeling. The unit utilizes a lightweight integrated piezoelectric-horn radiator, employing a 25mm diameter, 2mm thick PZT fiber composite sheet (type 1-3) and a 3D-printed ABS exponential curve horn. Weighing only 18g, it achieves a 94% electroacoustic conversion efficiency and a 3.2-fold increase in radiation impedance, addressing the issue of low air coupling efficiency. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 uses a dual-topology power supply: a pre-stage flyback provides 12V→200V isolated boost, while the post-stage series resonant inverter features zero-voltage switching (ZVS), achieving 93% overall efficiency, weighing 220g, with a peak power of 250W and an average power of 120W. Electromagnetic shielding and fiber optic control are employed: the drive signal is transmitted via a 1mm plastic optical fiber, and a 3.3V laser diode is used on the light-emitting side. The power side uses an all-aluminum shell with a 0.2mm thick permalloy liner, achieving an insertion loss ≥60dB from 10kHz to 100MHz, resolving the issue of false triggering in strong electric fields. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 is installed using a "plug-and-play" quick-release gimbal. The quick-release mount has a built-in 12V / Anderson power supply and a CAN bus interface, allowing for installation and removal within 30 seconds. The center of gravity is located at the center of the UAV's pitch axis, and the gimbal can pitch ±90°, keeping the nozzle perpendicular to the surface being cleaned. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 system structure is as follows: The UAV power supply (battery, generator, or ground power) is connected to a piezoelectric horn radiator via a flyback-resonant power board, which in turn connects to a high-speed air cannon (0.3L, 0.3MPa, valve response 3ms). The high-speed air cannon connects to the ground station via fiber optic cable and a CAN interface using CAN commands. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 meets the following performance parameters: operating frequency: 28±0.5kHz (automatic phase-locked loop tracking, -3dB bandwidth 200Hz); radiated sound pressure: ≥165dB at 100mm (0–peak, Re20µPa); air cannon pressure: 0.3MPa, single-shot air consumption 0.45L, 5 shots with an interval of 0.5s; total weight: 1.15kg (including 200g air cylinder); average power consumption: 120W (12V / 10A, can be directly supplied to drones); electromagnetic compatibility: passes 30kV·m -1 Power frequency field, 80 MHz~1 GHz 10Vm -1 Radiated immunity test; Cleaning efficiency: for artificial contamination (ESDD 0.15 mg / cm³) of 110kV porcelain insulators. -2 Cleaning rate ≥92% (image grayscale method); Endurance: Fully charged and fully inflated, it can clean 30 towers (approximately 120 strings of insulators) or 6 wind turbine blades; When using tethered drones, it can continuously perform cleaning operations for extended periods. The core components of the UAV-based airborne cleaning system, namely the ultrasonic cleaning unit 3, in this invention are: at least one piezoelectric-horn integrated air-coupled ultrasonic radiator; a pulse air cannon nozzle arranged coaxially with the radiator; and a control unit for triggering the ultrasonic waves for 0.1~0.3s before activating the air cannon to achieve coordinated stripping. Specifically, the piezoelectric-horn radiator uses a type 1-3 PZT fiber composite sheet, the horn is printed with an exponential curve ABS, the radiator unit weight is ≤20g, and the electroacoustic conversion efficiency is ≥90%. The drive signal is transmitted via plastic optical fiber, with a withstand voltage of ≥30kV between the power stage and the signal stage, ensuring reliable operation in strong electromagnetic fields. Technical effects: the cleaning rate is 3 times higher than that of a pure air cannon, and the system weight / power consumption is only 1 / 3 of that of a traditional ultrasonic cleaning generator. It requires no water or chemical solvents, providing truly "dry" online cleaning, meeting the "zero flushing water" environmental protection requirements of the power industry. The prototype completed an 8-hour flight test on a 500kV line (35kV level induction field) without any crashes or restarts; the salt density on the insulator surface decreased from 0.12mg·cm⁻¹ before and after cleaning. -2 Decreased to 0.01 mg·cm -2 The salt density removal rate was 91.7%, and the infrared thermometry showed no local overheating, demonstrating good technical performance.

[0017] This invention combines "air-coupled ultrasonic micro-cracking" with "pulse air cannon peeling" in a time sequence, and uses a lightweight PZT-horn array, flyback-resonant power supply, fiber optic control and other low-power, high-EMC designs to achieve a dry cleaning rate of ≥90% for the first time on a 1kg-class UAV platform. It fills the technological gap of "high-altitude waterless strong electric field environment efficient cleaning" and has significant novelty and inventiveness.

[0018] The live-line cleaning method for power equipment using the aforementioned power equipment cleaning system meets the following requirements: General Methods: Scope of Application: External insulation for 220kV and above substations, transmission line suspension / tension insulator strings, post porcelain bushings, wind turbine blades, etc., can be implemented under the rated operating voltage of the equipment without interrupting power supply; Unique Water Quality: The same two-stage RO-EDI-nuclear grade mixed bed product water is used throughout the process, with an online conductivity of 0.030~0.045 µS·cm. -1 (Resistivity 22~25 MΩ·cm), TOC ≤3ppb, ≥0.5µm particles ≤10pcs·mL -1 Bacterial colonies ≤ 1 CFU / 100mL; 250mL should be released from the onboard sampling valve for testing 1 hour before operation and every 30 minutes during operation. If any of these exceed the standard, the machine should be stopped immediately and the terminal 0.22µm filter element replaced; Operating boundaries: relative humidity ≤ 85%, wind speed ≤ 8m·s -1 Visibility ≥ 1km, takeoff is prohibited 1 hour before fog, drizzle, snow, hail, or thunderstorm; during operation, a double-layered netting shall be set up within 30m of the ground and a "live flushing" warning light shall be hung. The detailed steps and contents of the live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment meet the following requirements: Step 0, Preparation (approx. 90 min): First, perform ground-based water production: Start the secondary RO-EDI-nuclear grade mixed bed system 2 hours in advance, and seal the product water tank with nitrogen at 0.2 bar; after filling the airborne 15L water tank, lock the aviation quick-connect fitting and record the initial resistivity as 24.1 MΩ·cm; then, perform UAV inspection: tether the copper alloy cable (19×0.07mm, ≤5.8g·m) -1 DC resistance ≤ 0.32Ω·m -1 Withstand voltage 3 kVDC / 60s, leakage current ≤30mA; Ultrasonic-air cannon unit (28 kHz, 165dB@100mm, 0.3 MPa pulse) quick-release gimbal center of gravity zeroing; High-pressure water spray unit inspection: PEEK high-pressure nozzle (Ø0.3mm×6 holes) forms a 30° solid cone at a distance of 250mm from the insulator axis, with an impact force of 0.35 N·cm. -2 Real-time water jet resistivity monitoring ≥22MΩ·cm; 0.3EMC self-test: 30kV·m at ground level. -1 Triggered by power frequency field simulator, onboard CAN bus bit error rate ≤10 -5 Fiber optic control link packet loss: 0 / 10000; Step 1, Perform approach maneuvers (approximately 10 minutes): 1.1 Tethered takeoff: Ground-based DC 1kV is converted to 48V / 50A via an onboard step-down module to drive the UAV, with a climb rate ≤1m·s. -1 The horizontal approach is close to the 2m safety cylindrical surface of the target equipment; 1.2 Wind direction determination: Airborne wind vane + lidar, confirm that the crosswind component during operation is ≤2m·s. -1 If the wind direction changes by more than 30°, return to base immediately. Step 2, Dry Ultrasonic Pretreatment: 2.1 Activate the "Ultrasonic Sensitization-Air Cannon" synergy: First, conduct 28kHz ultrasound for 0.2s to induce microcracks in the contaminant layer; then, fire 3 consecutive shots at 0.3MPa air pressure for 0.1s each, consuming 0.45L of air per shot; the scanning speed is 0.2m·s. -1 1. Pass through each piece from top to bottom, from the conductor side to the grounding side; 2.2 Online effect evaluation: Airborne 4K camera + image grayscale method, salt density removal rate ≥90% can proceed to the next step; if <90%, repeat once at the original height ±50mm, up to 2 times; Step 3, High-pressure pure water flushing (lasts approximately 5 minutes): 3.1 Water column parameters: Static pressure 0.8 MPa (corresponding to 90 m / s at the nozzle outlet) -1 Water jet length 1.2m; real-time water jet resistivity ≥22MΩ·cm, leakage current ≤8µA (25kV standard porcelain insulator); 3.2 Flushing sequence: Suspension string: conductor side → grounding side, lower layer first then upper layer, 2 round trips per layer; Post porcelain bushing: spiral scan from top to bottom, nozzle angular velocity 10°·s -1 Tension string: crossarm side → clamp side, pause for 2 seconds for each piece; 3.3 Synchronous monitoring: airborne infrared thermography (±2℃) shows no local hot spots; ground-based ultraviolet imager corona count ≤5pC; Step 4, Final Inspection and Completion (T+20min): 4.1 Surface Cleanliness: On-site laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement of TOC residue ≤0.1µg·cm³ -2 Salt density is 0.15 mg·cm³ -2 Reduced to ≤0.01 mg·cm -2 4.2 Insulation Restoration: Within 5 minutes of rinsing completion, the surface water film ruptures, and the resistivity recovers to above 18.2 MΩ·cm within 30 seconds; leakage current ≤8µA (25kV); 4.3 Waste Liquid Recovery: Onboard 0.5L waste liquid tank + ground vacuum recovery vehicle, waste liquid conductivity ≤0.10µS·cm -1 It is directly discharged into the neutralization pool of the power plant without the need for secondary resin adsorption; 4.4 Equipment reset: the nozzle is purged for 10 seconds to prevent dripping, the tether cable is wound up under constant tension for 1.5 seconds, the drone lands vertically to the ground, and the 1kV power supply is turned off.

[0019] Mechanism and key technology effects of live-line cleaning methods for electrical equipment: Electrical insulation safety: The resistivity of this water column is 22~25 MΩ·cm, which is lower than that of traditional methods (0.1 µS·cm). -1 (≈10MΩ·cm) DI water is increased by 100%, power frequency flashover voltage ≥38kV(rms) (25kV class insulator), leakage current decreases by ≥50%. Passivation protection: A combination of hexafluoroacetylacetone / trifluoroacetic acid / morpholine salt forms a 2~5nm CuF2 / AlF3 mixed film on Al, Cu, and Zn surfaces within 30min, with a film resistance ≥10 Ω·cm.12 Ω·sq -1 After 2 hours, the volatilization residue is ≤0.1µg·cm³. -2 It does not reduce the original insulation level of the equipment. Zero solid residue: All micro-additives (HFA, TFA, TGA, ionic liquid) have a boiling point <200℃ and completely evaporate within 30 minutes after rinsing, leaving no white stains. Environmentally friendly emissions: Waste liquid conductivity ≤0.10µS·cm -1 TOC ≤ 6ppb, heavy metals not detected, meeting GB 8978-1996 direct discharge standards for wastewater from thermal power plants; operational efficiency: 6 minutes for a single string of 28 220kV suspension insulators, 75% shorter than manual cleaning at height; a single operation (tethered power supply) can operate continuously for 4 hours, completing 30 towers. Quality control and recording of live-line cleaning methods for power equipment: 1 insulator is left with a "QRS-Ⅲ salt density patch" for every 5 towers, weighed in the laboratory after 24 hours, verifying a salt density removal rate of ≥90% on-site; a three-in-one electronic archive of "water quality-rinsing-insulation" is established: water quality meter, ultraviolet imaging, infrared thermography, and leakage current data are automatically uploaded to the PMS system for traceability.

[0020] The live-line cleaning method for power equipment also meets the following emergency response requirements: In case of sudden equipment flashover alarm or water column resistivity <18MΩ·cm: shut off the water spray switch within 0.5s, and lift the drone to 3m above the crossarm within 2s; disconnect the 1kV power supply on the ground, and activate the drone's onboard battery to return to base; activate the "emergency re-water" mode: circulate 1L of onboard backup ultrapure water (resistivity 24MΩ·cm) for 30s to quickly replace the low-purity section of the pipeline, and only after passing the test can the spray be resumed. Through the above steps, this method achieves an insulator salt density removal rate ≥90%, surface leakage current ≤8µA, and direct discharge of waste liquid under 220kV uninterrupted power conditions. The entire process is fully compatible with the given "tethered drone + ultrasonic / high-pressure pure water + EW-Ⅰ grade ultrapure water" system, without introducing any additional risk sources.

[0021] The key technology of the live-line cleaning evaluation method for power equipment is that the following "cleaning effect evaluation method" is directly embedded in the aforementioned power equipment cleaning system and live-line cleaning method. All its indicators, thresholds, and test steps form a closed loop with the technical requirements of the power equipment cleaning system and live-line cleaning method, ensuring novelty (multi-mode collaborative quantitative evaluation) and creativity (the first time that "passivation film formation degree" and "water jet resistivity online closed loop" are included in the evaluation of live-line cleaning effect). Evaluation objects: 220kV~500kV suspension / tension / post insulators, wind turbine blades, and transformer bushing external insulation; Evaluation timing: T0: 5 minutes before cleaning (baseline value); T1: Immediately after dry ultrasonic air gun; T2: 30 seconds after deion beam rinsing; T3: 2 hours after passivation sealing (one control insulator is left on-site and sent to the laboratory); The evaluation index system includes 6 dimensions and a total of 17 quantitative indicators, as detailed in Table 1; Table 1 Evaluation Index System for Live-Line Cleaning of Power Equipment The evaluation process requires the core test to be completed on-site within 5 minutes, and the specific steps and content must meet the following requirements: Airborne dual-channel synchronous sampling was used. Channel 1 sampled 50 mL of water after 0.22 µm filtration using an EDI reflux tube, measuring E1; Channel 2 sampled 2 cm from the insulator surface. 2 For patch application (QRS-Ⅲ), take samples and place them in a sealed bag, then measure A1 and A2. The electrical parameters must meet the following requirements: Leakage current B2: 0~20mA range of airborne Hall ring, CAN bus refresh every 100ms; Partial discharge B3: Counting by ground-based ultraviolet imager, audible and visual alarm and automatic drone elevation 1m when >5pC. Surface performance rapid testing includes: C1+C2: Completion of "spraying-photographing-comparison" integrated micro-station (weight 180g, drone mounted) within 30s; C3: Four-probe probe embedded in gimbal quick-release mount, contact pressure 0.2N, membrane resistance readout in 1s. Microscopic morphology sampling inspection: 1 piece is sampled from every 10 towers, white light interferometer directly scans 3 points on the ceramic skirt, if Ra difference >0.1µm, additional spraying for 5s is required. Data closed loop: All parameters are automatically recorded and written to SQLite, generating QR code labels affixed to the insulator steel cap, scanning the code allows viewing the 6D report; any dimension failing → triggering "rework mode": the drone automatically returns to the piece, re-running the "ultrasonic + pure water" dual-mode once. Mechanism and Effect Explanation: The passivation film formation degree C3 was included in the evaluation of charged cleaning for the first time: a 2-5 nm mixed fluoride film was formed within 30 min by hexafluoroacetylacetone / trifluoroacetic acid, and the order of magnitude of the film resistance directly reflects the passivation integrity; if the film resistance <10 12 Ω·sq -1 This indicates that the passivating agent has been washed away by the water jet or the dosage is insufficient, requiring additional spraying of the "passivation and sealing" section. Water jet resistivity online closed-loop E1: If the water column resistivity drops by 1 MΩ·cm at any time, the leakage current can increase by 5-8%, and the system will immediately shut down and self-circulate to avoid flashover of "resistive water"; this detects water quality drift 5 minutes earlier than the traditional "post-incident laboratory water sample testing," creating a safety redundancy. Image grayscale method F2: On-site lighting compensation + HSV color space, a grayscale mean to reference area ratio ≥0.95 corresponds to a 95% removal rate, with an error of <2% compared to the laboratory weighing method; this solves the pain point of "subjective visual inspection" and can automatically generate before-and-after cleaning comparison images as attachments to the maintenance report.

[0022] Overall results (demonstration on 30 towers of 220kV line): flashover voltage increased by 29.7% (28.3kV→36.7kV), partial discharge was suppressed by 81% (42pC→8pC), and hydrophobicity recovery rate was 98% (HC1-HC2); single string operation time was reduced from 85min to 51min, and there were 0 flashover faults during the 6-month follow-up period, compared to 7 in the un-cleaned control group.

[0023] This invention is the first to simultaneously incorporate "passivation film formation degree (surface micro-area resistance)" and "online closed-loop water jet resistivity" into the evaluation of live-line cleaning effect, forming a 6-dimensional, 17-item quantitative index system. Hardware integration: The airborne four-probe micro-area resistance probe is integrated with the gimbal quick-release mount, achieving "contact-measurement-reading" in 1 second. A 0.22µm filter and a 4-electrode conductivity cell are embedded in the high-pressure water pipeline, forming real-time closed-loop water quality control. Algorithm closed-loop: Dual verification using image grayscale method and salt density patch weighing method, with an error of <2%; Automatic SQLite QR code generation, achieving "one code per patch" for lifelong traceability. Safety redundancy: Any failure to meet the standard triggers automatic rework of the drone, avoiding human error; Dual thresholds of ultraviolet imaging and leakage current trigger an audible and visual alarm and raise the drone within 0.5 seconds on-site.

[0024] The above evaluation method has been hardware-soft coupled with the "tethered drone + ultrasonic air cannon + EW-I deionized water" system, and all thresholds, sensor models and data interfaces are given.

[0025] The present invention provides ≤6g·m -1 A 1.5mm ultralight optoelectronic composite tethered cable achieves 82% IACS-level conductivity and a 10,000-cycle lifespan. An integrated ultrapure water system comprising "secondary RO-EDI-nuclear-grade mixed bed-185nm UV-μ-H2O2" is constructed, maintaining a purity of ≥18.2 MΩ·cm and TOC ≤3ppb in the produced water within 24 hours, while also containing volatile passivating agents. Under a constraint of 1.2kg / 120W, a dual-mode synergy of 28kHz air-coupled ultrasound + 0.3MPa pulsed air cannon (dry mode) and 0.8MPa ultimate pure water (wet mode) is achieved, with a removal rate ≥95%. For the first time, the passivation film formation degree (surface micro-area resistance ≥10 Ω·cm) is achieved. 12 Ω·sq -1 The invention incorporates "online closed-loop water jet resistivity" into the evaluation of live-line cleaning effectiveness, forming a 6-dimensional, 17-item quantitative indicator system, with on-site judgment completed within 5 minutes. This invention establishes a closed-loop logic of "any indicator failing → automatic rework by the drone," solving the problems of high rework rates and lack of quality traceability.

[0026] This invention relates to a power equipment cleaning system independently designed based on existing technology and innovative thinking, a live-line cleaning method based on the power equipment cleaning system, and a method for evaluating the cleaning effect of power equipment. These constitute a complete technical system. The power equipment cleaning system has a relatively simple overall structure, strong equipment operability, good environmental adaptability, and excellent comprehensive technical effect. The power equipment cleaning method and the power equipment cleaning effect evaluation method applied by the power equipment cleaning system have excellent comprehensive technical effects and have considerable foreseeable economic and social value. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a partial structure of the power equipment cleaning system described in Example 1; Figure 2 A simplified schematic diagram of the high-pressure water spray cleaning unit 4. Figure 3 A simplified schematic diagram of the tethered drone 1. Figure 4 This is a simplified diagram illustrating the operating principle of a power equipment cleaning system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited thereto.

[0029] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Tethered UAV; 1.1. Airborne step-down module; 1.2. DC power supply; 1.3. Drive motor; 1.5. Tethered cable; 1.6. Transport vehicle; 1.7. Portable operating terminal; 1.8. Generator; 1.9. Ground power converter; 1.10. Tethered cable retraction device; 1.11. Vehicle-mounted inertial guidance system; 2. Cleaning chamber; 3. Ultrasonic cleaning unit; 4. High-pressure water spray cleaning unit; 4.1. Water supply pipeline; 4.2. High-pressure nozzle; 4.3. Water spray switch; 4.4. Power transmission tower; 9.

[0030] Example 1: Power Equipment Cleaning System The power equipment cleaning system comprises the following components: a tethered drone 1 and a cleaning chamber 2; wherein the cleaning chamber 2 is mounted on the drone 1 or connected to the drone 1 via a pipeline; characterized in that the cleaning chamber 2 is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 and / or a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit 4; wherein the high-pressure water jet cleaning unit 4 is equipped with a water supply pipeline 4.1, a water tank 4.2, a high-pressure nozzle 4.3, and a water jet switch 4.4; wherein the high-pressure nozzle 4.3 is connected to the water tank 4.2, which serves as the water source, via the water supply pipeline 4.1, and the water jet switch 4.4 is located on the high-pressure nozzle 4.3 or on the water supply pipeline 4.1; the cleaning water in the water tank 4.2 is deionized water that meets the EW-Ⅰ grade requirements of GB / T11446.1, and meets the following requirements: The parameter range requirements for deionized water that can be directly used for live-line cleaning of power equipment are as follows: Water quality indicators for deionized water used for live-line cleaning of power equipment: Conductivity: 0.030~0.045μS·cm -1 (25℃), corresponding resistivity 22~25MΩ·cm; pH: 6.8~7.2 (25℃), stabilized with a 0.8~1.2ppm buffer system (based on free CO2); TOC: ≤3ppb; ≥0.5µm particles: ≤10pcs·mL -1 Total bacterial count: ≤1 CFU / 100mL; Dissolved oxygen: 4~6 mg·L -1 (Maintaining a suitable redox potential to inhibit metal pitting corrosion); the functional micro-additives (completely volatilized or complexed, leaving no solid residue) meet the following requirements: passivating agent: hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFA) 0.8~1.5µg·L -1 Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 0.3~0.6µg·L -1 Morpholine-trifluoroacetate 0.2~0.4µg·L -1 The combined material can form a CuF2 / AlF3 mixed passivation film on the surface of Al, Cu, and Zn, with a film thickness of 2~5 nm and a film resistance ≥10 Ω·cm. 12 Ω·sq -1 Film formation within 30 minutes is required, and the residual volatile matter after 2 hours should be ≤0.1µg·cm³. -2 ; Transient complex stabilizer: Thioglycolic acid (TGA) 0.05~0.10µg·L -1 Used to lock Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ To prevent the deposition of "yellow water"; 0.03~0.08 µg·L of 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt. -1 This improves the thermal stability of the passivation film at 150℃.

[0031] The applicable performance requirements for live-line cleaning are: Electrical performance: Power frequency flashover voltage (standard 25kV insulator, altitude ≤1000m, 65%RH): ≥38kV(rms), compared to commercially available 0.1μS·cm -1 DI water increase ≥15%; Surface leakage current 30 min after cleaning (at rated voltage 25kV): ≤8µA; Material compatibility: Metal corrosion rate (aluminum, copper, galvanized steel, 14d immersion): ≤0.02g·m -2 ·d -1 It meets the requirements of GB / T6461-2002 for the lightest grade Rp10; environmental emission requirements: conductivity of cleaning wastewater ≤0.10μS·cm -1 It can be directly discharged into the chemical neutralization tank of the power plant without the need for additional resin adsorption.

[0032] When the cleaning chamber 2 is equipped with a high-pressure water spray cleaning unit 4, the deionized water is secondary reverse osmosis deionized water (i.e., secondary RO deionized water); the preparation method of secondary reverse osmosis deionized water meets the following requirements in sequence: Step 1, raw water pretreatment, pretreatment is carried out in the following manner in sequence: first, filter with a sand tank to remove mud, sand and rust; then use activated carbon adsorption to remove residual chlorine and odor; then use softening resin to replace calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions to prevent scaling of the subsequent reverse osmosis membrane; Step 2, fine washing, i.e., primary reverse osmosis treatment (preliminary desalination): use a high-pressure pump to squeeze the water treated in Step 1 through the first reverse osmosis membrane; required result: the conductivity of the product water is reduced to 5~20μS·cm. -1 (Approximately 95% salt removal); Step 3, followed by fine washing, i.e., secondary reverse osmosis treatment (deep desalination): the clean water obtained in Step 2 is then squeezed through a second, denser RO membrane; Result requirement: permeate conductivity ≤ 0.8 μS·cm -1 After removing over 90% of the salt, step 4, post-processing (ultra-purification): Electrodeionization (EDI): removes the remaining ions to achieve a conductivity ≤0.06 μS·cm. -1 (Resistivity approximately 15 MΩ·cm); Nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin: further "adsorbs" trace ions, resulting in conductivity approaching 0.055 μS·cm. -1 (Resistivity approximately 18.2 MΩ·cm), achieving nuclear-grade ultrapure water; Step 5, final treatment of microorganisms and particles: using a 0.22µm filter cartridge to filter out any tiny particles, ensuring water cleanliness; 185nm UV + trace H2O2 treatment: using ultraviolet light to decompose bacteria and organic matter; trace H2O2 further oxidizes residual organic matter, ensuring total organic carbon (TOC) ≤ 3ppb; Step 6, storage and sealing: using nitrogen sealing, filling the ultrapure water tank with nitrogen to maintain a slight positive pressure of 0.1~0.5MPa to prevent the tank from absorbing dust and CO2 from the air, maintaining water purity. After completing the above steps, ultrapure deionized water, almost free of any salt, particles, and bacteria, will continuously flow from the tap, and can be directly used to rinse electrical equipment.

[0033] Step 1 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method also meets the following requirements: The sand tank includes the following components: Tank body: vertical cylinder, diameter φ600~φ1200mm, straight section height 1200~2000mm, total height 1800~3000mm; material is 316L stainless steel, inner lining thickness 3mm food-grade EPDM, weld seams are polished with Ra≤0.8µm to avoid iron leaching; Water distributor: A 360° rotating water distributor (304SS) is installed at the upstream water inlet on the top of the sand tank. The arm has a 1.5mm angled hole with a hole velocity of 1.8m·s. -1 This creates tangential scouring, preventing water from impacting the sand surface and causing gullies; Water collector: Located at the bottom of the sand tank, it adopts a double-safety structure of "flared mouth + wire-wound screen tube", with a wire gap of ≤0.25mm and a V-shaped cross section to ensure that the smallest sand particle of 0.6mm does not leak; a cross-shaped flow stabilizer is installed inside the flared mouth to reduce dead zone; The "flared mouth + wire-wound screen tube" double-insurance structure is a bottom water collection combination with "large outer diameter and small inner diameter, two-layer interception", which is completely buried under the support layer. The specific description is as follows: The outer layer is a flared mouth-shaped structure, which is an inverted fluid flow channel with a larger upper diameter and a smaller lower diameter, forming a cone-cylinder transition section. The upper diameter is equal to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the inner diameter of the sand tank, and the lower diameter is equal to twice the outlet pipe diameter. The cone angle is 30° to 45°. The material is 316L stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm and an inner surface Ra≤0.8µm. The inner layer is a wire-wound screen tube, located at the center of the bottom of the bell mouth and coaxially welded to the straight outlet pipe; the outer shape is a "Johnson screen tube" with a diameter of 80-150mm and a length of 300-500mm; structural requirements: outside the longitudinal support ribs of φ6mm, φ1.5mm triangular stainless steel wire is spirally wound, with the apex of the triangle facing outward, forming a continuous "V" shaped gap of 0.20-0.25mm; the flow stabilizing plate is arranged at 1 / 2 of the height of the cone section of the bell mouth, specifically four horizontally welded 316L cross-shaped thin plates, 30mm wide, with rounded edges; the assembly requirements of the "bell mouth + wire-wound screen tube" double-safety structure: the bottom support layer is 4-8mm gravel. The 150mm thick screen is placed directly above the outer wall of the bell mouth. A 50mm thick layer of 8-16mm pebbles is then backfilled around the screen tube, both fixing the screen tube and creating a secondary flow straightening effect. During operation, water is first "coarsely collected" through the bell mouth, then "finely filtered" through the wire-wound gaps, and finally discharged through the central straight pipe. During backwashing, the flow reverses; the water is first evenly distributed through the wire-wound gaps, then flows upwards through the entire sand layer. A 200mm quick-opening manhole is located at half the height of the sand tank, equipped with a 50mm thick transparent tempered glass sight glass for observers. A built-in low-voltage LED light allows for online observation of the sand surface contamination layer thickness, serving as a prerequisite for triggering backwashing. Self-compensating air release: The top is equipped with a "dry" automatic air release valve. The valve core of the automatic air release valve is a PTFE hollow float ball with a contact angle of 110°. It does not stick to scale and can automatically release trapped air during operation to prevent air resistance from causing flow deviation. The activated carbon adsorption in step 1 meets the following requirements: Activated carbon adsorption structure: a vertical fiberglass tank with a diameter of 800mm × H1800mm is used, lined with a 3mm thick PVDF anti-chlorine layer; the upper and lower water distributors use 0.4mm slit wire; the carbon gradation requirements are as follows: a bottom layer of 4mm columnar carbon, 200mm thick (for buffering), a middle layer of 2mm broken carbon, 600mm thick (the main adsorption layer), and a top layer of 0.5mm powdered carbon, 100mm thick (as a polishing layer); surface modification: the middle layer of carbon is oxidized at 450°C in a 5% O2 / Ar gas flow for 30 minutes to generate carboxyl and lactone groups, increasing the residual chlorine adsorption capacity from 15gCl2 / kg to 28gCl2 / kg; simultaneously, the adsorption rate for trihalomethanes (THM) is increased by 42%; operation: filtration rate 12m·h. -1 Empty bed contact time (EBCT) ≥ 8 min; when residual chlorine in effluent > 0.05 mg·L -1 Backwashing is triggered when the pressure difference is greater than 0.08 MPa; backwashing: first gas wash for 3 minutes, intensity 10 Lm -2 ·s -1 After 5 minutes of combined air and water treatment, the water was washed with pure water until the turbidity of the effluent was <0.3 NTU. The requirements for softening resin treatment are: the resin is Rohm and Haas AmberLite™ HPR1300Na, with a uniform particle size of 570 µm and a uniformity coefficient ≤1.1; the packing height is 1.2 m, and the bed porosity is 0.35; the first step is to perform "pulse salt adsorption" at a rate of 60 m·h. -1 Instantaneous flow velocity impact for 30 seconds; then countercurrent regeneration mode is selected, with the brine flow direction opposite to the operating direction, NaCl concentration 8%, contact time 30 minutes; followed by replacement: slow washing with secondary reverse osmosis permeate for 20 minutes, flow rate 4 m·h -1 Wash until hardness < 1 mg CaCO3·L -1 The treatment ends when the conductivity recovers to ±3% of the influent conductivity; softening resin treatment requirements: online hardness electrode (0~200µgL) -1 +PLC; when hardness penetration is 20µg·L -1 This means that early regeneration saves 18% of salt consumption compared to traditional timed regeneration; In step 2 of the two-stage reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the primary reverse osmosis membrane used in the primary reverse osmosis treatment must meet the following requirements: Membrane structure: The primary reverse osmosis membrane is a Dow FilmTec™ BW30XFR-400 / 34i polyamide composite membrane with a 34mil feed channel; effective area 400 ft. 2The desalination layer is 200 nm thick, with a surface zeta potential of –30 mV (pH 7), and a chlorine tolerance of 1000 ppm·h. The first-stage reverse osmosis membrane element is 20 cm × 10² cm in size, with six pressure vessels arranged in a 3-2-1 configuration. The inter-stage booster pump operates at a pressure of 0.25 MPa, ensuring a terminal flux of 16 Lm for the second stage. -2 ·h -1 A 0.5mm PTFE wedge-shaped groove is laser-clad into the inside of the standard end cap to form a turbulence promoter, reducing the concentration polarization index from 1.18 to 1.05 and decreasing the annual cleaning frequency by 30%. Innovation: Turbulence-promoting end cap. First-stage reverse osmosis operation requirements: Inlet water conditions: SDI < 3, residual chlorine < 0.05 mg·L⁻¹. -1 Temperature 25±2°C, pH 6.5~7.5; dosage 3 mg·L -1 Scale inhibitor (PermaTreat™ 191) and 0.8 mg·L -1 Non-oxidizing bactericide (DBNPA); operating pressure: 1.05~1.25MPa, flux: 27L·m -2 ·h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is 8~12µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥97.5%; recovery rate up to 95%; online monitoring requirements: for each pressure vessel's product water conductivity meter, when the average conductivity of a single vessel is 15% higher, an "O-ring leak" alarm is triggered; combined with a portable ultrasonic flow meter, faulty components can be located within 10 minutes; cleaning requirements: when the standardized flux decreases by 10% or the inter-stage pressure difference increases by 15%, use pH 2 citric acid + pH 11 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate for segmented cleaning, circulating for 60 minutes, soaking for 120 minutes, and then circulating for 30 minutes, which can restore more than 92% of the flux; The secondary reverse osmosis treatment in step 3 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method meets the following requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane structure meets the following requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane model is Hydranautics ESPA2-LD, low-pressure high-desalination, polyamide composite, with a 34mil feed water channel; boron removal rate of 95%, silica removal rate of 99.2%; the secondary reverse osmosis membrane element size is 10cm×102cm, a total of 8 per pressure vessel, arranged in a 2-1 configuration, a total of 8; the membrane housing is made of 316L ultra-low carbon stainless steel, Ra≤0.4µm, electrolytically polished; a pulse reflux valve is added at the concentrate outlet, opening for 3 seconds every 30 minutes, instantly refluxing 15% of the flow rate to disperse the high-salt pulse at the boundary layer; the net drive pressure is reduced by 0.03MPa, and the chemical cleaning cycle is doubled; innovation point: pulse reflux anti-polarization. Detailed requirements for the secondary reverse osmosis treatment process: Feed water: Primary RO permeate, temperature as before, pH 7.0~7.5 (fine-tuned with NaOH), dosage 1mg·L⁻¹. -1Scale inhibitor; operating pressure: 0.70~0.85MPa, recovery rate 80%, flux 20Lm -2 ·h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is ≤0.6µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥95% (for primary product water); effluent parameters: SiO2 ≤5µg·L -1 TOC ≤ 15 µg·L -1 Cu / Zn / Fe ≤1µg·L -1 This meets the subsequent EDI water intake requirements; In step 4 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the ultra-fine washing (EDI + nuclear-grade mixed bed + terminal treatment) meets the following requirements: Firstly, the EDI module (continuous electro-deionization) meets the following requirements: It uses a Siemens Ionpure® G2-30X 30gpm plate-and-frame EDI membrane stack with a water production rate of 3m³ / h. 3 ·h -1 Independent reflux of concentrate / electrode water; employing "full-fill" technology, the resin chamber is 100% filled with electronic-grade uniform particle resin, wherein the cation resin particle size is controlled at 650µm and the anion resin particle size is controlled at 550µm, and the mass ratio or volume ratio between cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin is typically 1:1.5; no chemical regeneration; power supply is DC 0~400V, 0~6A, with automatic constant current of 2.5A; the voltage is adjusted in real time according to the CO2 change of the influent, requiring the product water resistivity to be stable at 17.5~18.0MΩ·cm; meeting the following control requirements: desalination chamber flow rate 25cm·s -1 Concentrate chamber 10cm·s -1 , extreme water chamber 5cm.s -1 The concentrate reflux ratio is 30%, and the electrode water is directly discharged at 1%. A 185nm UV + 1ppm H2O2 micro-dosage device is installed on the concentrate reflux line at a dosage of 30–60 W·m. -2 The solution is held for 2-5 seconds to instantly oxidize the organic carbon (TOC) accumulated in the concentrate into CO2, which is then discharged through the EDI anion membrane. The module's TOC back pressure is ≤3µg·L. -1 Lifespan extended by 20%; Secondly, the nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin (polished) meets the following requirements: the ion exchange resin is Purolite® NRW37-Nuclear, and the cation resin is H... + Type, anion resin OH - Type, 1:1.5 volume ratio, total ion leakage at the time of manufacture ≤0.1µg·L -1 The conversion rate is ≥99.9%; the container is a polished 316L column with a diameter of Ø300mm and a height of 1m, with an operating flow rate of 60m·h. -1The bed depth is 800mm; 0.2mm wire-wound screen tubes are installed at the top and bottom to prevent resin leakage; during operation, when the effluent Na... + >0.05µg·L -1 If the resistivity is <18.2MΩ·cm, the ion exchange resin should be replaced. The actual operating cycle is 6~8 months. Requirements for replacing ion exchange resin: the old resin should be vacuum-extracted in a Class 100 clean room, and the new resin should be backwashed 3 times with 18.2MΩ·cm water before vacuum filling to avoid air contact and CO2 introduction. Thirdly, the terminal filtration and sterilization meet the following requirements: Terminal microfiltration using 0.22µm PES capsule filter cartridges (Pall® Kleenpak™ Nova is the brand and model), achieving "absolute rejection" for bacteria, colloids, and particles, with an integrity test bubble point ≥3.4 bar; single-layer asymmetric structure, β≥5000; each cartridge is 10 inches, arranged in series of two; replacement is required when the pressure difference reaches 0.08MPa; filtration function: mechanically intercepting bacteria (≥0.2µm) and activated carbon and resin fragments, ensuring that particles in the effluent are ≤1 ml. -1 In "electrified flushing" applications, any particle will become a conductive bridge in the water film; 0.22µm is the industry-standard "terminal safety" precision. The sterilization process uses low-pressure mercury lamp ultraviolet light (185nm UV) with a center wavelength of 185nm; the ozone-free sterilization lamp is a Philips TUV16W ozone-free lamp with an irradiation dose of 120mJ·cm⁻¹. -2 The cavity is electropolished with a 316L stainless steel core and a Ra ≤ 0.25µm. The reflector is coated with an Rh layer. It decomposes methanol, urea, and other substances in the total organic matter (TOC) into CO2 + H2O, resulting in an effluent TOC ≤ 3ppb. It also contains trace amounts of H2O2 (μ-H2O2, µg·L). -1 Grade): Dosage: 50–200 µg·L -1 (ppb level), far below the commonly used disinfection concentration; 30% injection grade, online addition at 0.3ppm via metering pump, synergistically generating OH with low-pressure mercury lamp ultraviolet light (185nmUV) with a center wavelength of 185nm, achieving a sterilization rate ≥6log (during validation, a biological indicator challenge experiment was conducted using the most difficult-to-kill thermophilic lipid spores and met the standard requirements); Nitrogen sealing: The top of the water tank is equipped with 0.2bar micro-positive pressure N2 (5.0 grade), which is automatically replenished when the liquid level drops through a combination of a self-regulating pressure regulating valve and a 0.22µm gas filter, with CO2 increment ≤0.2ppm and resistivity decrease ≤0.1MΩ·cm over 24 hours; The drone 1 in the power equipment cleaning system is a tethered drone that meets the following requirements: its aerial platform is a hexacopter or octacopter drone, preferably a DJI M350 / M400 drone, and its power supply method is external power supply via tether cable 1.5, battery power supply, or generator power supply; when using external power supply, the drone 1 is equipped with an onboard step-down module 1.1, which is connected to a 400~1500V DC power supply 1.2 via tether cable 1.5. The onboard step-down module 1.1 transforms the DC power supply 1.2 to 48V / 50V to power the drive motor 1.3; The tether cable 1.5 for tethered drones meets the following requirements: withstand voltage of 3000VDC / 60s without breakdown, leakage protection requirement ≤30mA; the tether cable 1.5 uses a high-voltage composite cable, a copper alloy power core, or an aluminum alloy power core, with a minimum bending radius ≤120mm; the outer layer of the tether cable 1.5 uses a Kevlar tensile layer + TPU / FEP insulation, with an insulation resistance ≥500MΩ·km; the tensile strength requirement of the tether cable 1.5 is ≥500N, breaking strength ≥300kg, withstand voltage of 1500V, and linear density ≤19g / m; the tether cable 1.5 is an optoelectronic composite cable, its core being a lightweight copper alloy or aluminum alloy conductor power core, wherein: When the tether cable 1.5 has a copper alloy power core, its composition and content meet the requirements: Cu≥96.0; Ni 0.8~1.2; Sn 0.05~0.12; Fe 0.02~0.08; P 0.015~0.035; Ag 0.02~0.06; the balance is impurities, ≤0.01 for a single type and ≤0.08 for the total amount; wherein: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, increasing the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180℃ to ≥110MPa, while maintaining electrical conductivity ≥82%IACS; Ag microalloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12% while reducing conductivity loss to <1%IACS; P acts as a deoxidizer, controlling oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring that the wire does not break after repeated bending >15000 times; the preparation method of copper alloy power core wire blank meets the following requirements: Step 1, horizontal continuous casting: pouring temperature 1120~1150℃, drawing speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 This process yields φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4~6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds of exiting the crystallizer, the billet enters a 650~700℃ holding section, remains there for 15~25 seconds, and then is treated at ≥15℃·s. -1Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging 280~320℃ / 4~6h, so that the average size of the precipitated phase is 5~15nm and the volume fraction is 1.2~1.8%; in the preparation of copper alloy power core wire blank, the finished product requires a single wire diameter of 0.05~0.08mm, a stranding structure of 19×0.07mm, and a unit weight ≤5.8g·m -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m -1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; When the tether cable 1.5 has an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content meet the following requirements: Al ≥ 99.0%; Mg 0.25~0.35%; Si 0.08~0.15%; Fe 0.06~0.12%; Cu 0.02~0.05%; B 0.01~0.03%; RE (Ce+La mixture) 0.015~0.04%; other impurities ≤ 0.01% for each type and ≤ 0.05% for the total amount. Design considerations: A Mg / Si mass ratio of 2.2~2.8 forms sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥ 95 MPa; the combined addition of B and RE increases the Fe phase spheroidization rate to ≥ 80%, significantly reducing processing crack initiation and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥ 56% IACS (equivalent to 31.5 mΩ). -1 ·mm -2 (equivalent), density 2.71 g·cm³ -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; The preparation of the aluminum alloy power core meets the following requirements: Step 1, belt-type continuous casting: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15~20℃·s -1 Step 1: Billet exit temperature ≤ 420℃, obtaining aluminum rods with a diameter of 9.5mm; Step 2: Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30%, final rolling speed 6–8m·s -1 Step 3, online quenching: The rolled material is placed in a 15℃ water bath within 1.2 seconds, with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To suppress the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6–1.0%. Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; The overall structure of the fiber optic composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV·mm. -1 Long-term temperature resistance up to 250℃; Optical unit: G657D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly packed with 0.2mm Teflon FEP, and covered with a 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength of ≥300N·100mm. -1 Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25~30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, abrasion resistance ≤0.05g (1000 times, 1kg, 120°); overall cable outer diameter ≤2.2mm, linear density ≤6g·m -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

[0034] When the tether cable 1.5 of the UAV 1 in the power equipment cleaning system is a copper alloy power core, its composition and content meet the following requirements: Cu≥96.0; Ni 0.8~1.2; Sn 0.05~0.12; Fe 0.02~0.08; P 0.015~0.035; Ag 0.02~0.06; balance is impurities, single type ≤0.01, total ≤0.08; wherein: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, improving the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180℃ ≥110MPa, while maintaining electrical conductivity ≥82%IACS; Ag microalloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12% while reducing conductivity loss to <1%IACS; P acts as a deoxidizer, controlling oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring wire breakage after repeated bending >15000 times; the preparation method of copper alloy power core wire billet meets the requirements: Step 1, horizontal continuous casting: casting temperature 1120~1150℃, drawing speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 This process yields φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4-6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds of exiting the crystallizer, the billet enters a 650-700℃ holding section, remains there for 15-25 seconds, and then continues at ≥15℃. -1Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging 280~320℃ / 4~6h, resulting in an average precipitated phase size of 5~15nm and a volume fraction of 1.2~1.8%. During the preparation of copper alloy power core wire blanks, the finished single wire diameter is required to be 0.05~0.08mm, the stranding is a 19×0.07mm structure, and the unit weight is ≤5.8g·m. -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m -1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; When the tether cable 1.5 has an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content meet the following requirements: Al ≥ 99.0%; Mg 0.25~0.35%; Si 0.08~0.15%; Fe 0.06~0.12%; Cu 0.02~0.05%; B 0.01~0.03%; RE (Ce+La mixture) 0.015~0.04%; other impurities ≤ 0.01% for each type and ≤ 0.05% for the total amount. Design considerations: A Mg / Si mass ratio of 2.2~2.8 forms sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥ 95 MPa; the combined addition of B and RE increases the Fe phase spheroidization rate to ≥ 80%, significantly reducing processing crack initiation and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥ 56% IACS, density 2.71 g·cm³. -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; The preparation of the aluminum alloy power core meets the following requirements: Step 1, belt-type continuous casting: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15~20℃·s -1 Step 1: Billet exit temperature ≤ 420℃, obtaining aluminum rods with a diameter of 9.5mm; Step 2: Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30%, final rolling speed 6~8m·s -1 Step 3, online quenching: The rolled material is placed in a 15℃ water bath within 1.2 seconds, with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To inhibit the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; Medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6~1.0%. Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; The overall structure of the fiber optic composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV / mm². -1 Long-term temperature resistance up to 250℃; Optical unit: G657.D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly wrapped with 0.2mm Teflon FEP, and covered with a 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength of ≥300N. 100mm -1 Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25~30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, abrasion resistance ≤0.05g (1000 times, 1kg, 120°); overall cable outer diameter ≤2.2mm, linear density ≤6g·m -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

[0035] The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 in the cleaning chamber 2 is an ultrasonic air cannon cleaning system; the ultrasonic air cannon in the ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 is an "ultrasonic sensitized air cannon": first, a 28kHz ultrasonic air coupling beam (sound pressure level of 165dB at 100mm in the far field) is used to induce microcracks / local resonance in the dirt layer, and then a 0.3MPa, φ30mm pulse air cannon is immediately fired after 0.1~0.3s. The cracks peel off instantly under air pressure, realizing "ultrasonic-pneumatic" synergistic peeling; The unit utilizes a lightweight integrated piezoelectric-horn radiator, employing a 25mm diameter, 2mm thick PZT fiber composite sheet (type 1-3) and a 3D-printed ABS exponential curve horn. Weighing only 18g, it achieves a 94% electroacoustic conversion efficiency and a 3.2-fold increase in radiation impedance, addressing the issue of low air coupling efficiency. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 uses a dual-topology power supply: a pre-stage flyback provides 12V→200V isolated boost, while the post-stage series resonant inverter features zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The overall efficiency is 93%, weighing 220g, with a peak power of 250W and an average power of 120W. Electromagnetic shielding and fiber optic control are employed: the drive signal is transmitted via a 1mm plastic optical fiber, and a 3.3V laser diode is used on the light-emitting side. The power side uses an all-aluminum shell with a 0.2mm thick permalloy liner, achieving an insertion loss ≥60dB from 10kHz to 100MHz, resolving the issue of false triggering in strong electric fields. The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 is installed with the help of a "plug and play" quick-release gimbal. The quick-release base has a built-in 12V / Anderson power supply and CAN bus interface, and can be installed and removed within 30 seconds. The center of gravity is located at the center of the drone's pitch axis, and the gimbal can pitch ±90° to keep the nozzle always perpendicular to the surface being cleaned. Ultrasonic Cleaning Unit 3 System Structure: The UAV power supply (battery or generator or ground power supply) is connected to the piezoelectric horn radiator through the flyback-resonant power board, and then connected to the high-speed air cannon (0.3L air cylinder, 0.3MPa, valve response 3ms); the high-speed air cannon is connected to the ground station via fiber optic and CAN interface using CAN commands; The ultrasonic cleaning unit 3 meets the following performance parameters: operating frequency: 28±0.5kHz (automatic phase-locked loop tracking, -3dB bandwidth 200Hz); radiated sound pressure: ≥165dB at 100mm (0–peak, Re20µPa); air cannon pressure: 0.3MPa, single-shot air consumption 0.45L, 5 shots with an interval of 0.5s; total weight: 1.15kg (including 200g air cylinder); average power consumption: 120W (12V / 10A, can be directly supplied by the drone); electromagnetic compatibility: passes 30kV·m -1 Power frequency field, 80MHz~1GHz·10Vm -1 Radiated immunity test; Cleaning efficiency: for artificial contamination (ESDD 0.15 mg·cm³) of 110kV porcelain insulators. -2 Cleaning rate ≥92% (image grayscale method); Endurance: Fully charged and fully inflated, it can clean 30 towers (approximately 120 strings of insulators) or 6 wind turbine blades; When using tethered drones, it can continuously perform cleaning operations for extended periods. The core components of the UAV-based airborne cleaning system, namely the ultrasonic cleaning unit 3, in this embodiment are: at least one piezoelectric-horn integrated air-coupled ultrasonic radiator; a pulse air cannon nozzle arranged coaxially with the radiator; and a control unit used to trigger the ultrasonic waves for 0.1~0.3s before activating the air cannon to achieve coordinated stripping. Specifically, the piezoelectric-horn radiator uses a type 1-3 PZT fiber composite sheet, the horn is printed with an exponential curve ABS, the radiator unit weight is ≤20g, and the electroacoustic conversion efficiency is ≥90%. The drive signal is transmitted via plastic optical fiber, with a withstand voltage of ≥30kV between the power stage and the signal stage, ensuring reliable operation in strong electromagnetic fields. Technical effects: the cleaning rate is 3 times higher than that of a pure air cannon, and the system weight / power consumption is only 1 / 3 of that of a traditional ultrasonic cleaning generator. It requires no water or chemical solvents, providing truly "dry" online cleaning, meeting the "zero flushing water" environmental protection requirements of the power industry. The prototype completed an 8-hour flight test on a 500kV line (35kV level induction field) without any crashes or restarts. The salt density on the insulator surface decreased from 0.12mg·cm⁻¹ before and after cleaning. -2 Decreased to 0.01 mg·cm -2 The salt density removal rate was 91.7%, and the infrared thermometry showed no local overheating, demonstrating good technical performance.

[0036] This embodiment combines "air-coupled ultrasonic micro-cracking" with "pulse air cannon peeling" in a time sequence, and uses a lightweight PZT-horn array, flyback-resonant power supply, fiber optic control and other low-power, high-EMC designs to achieve a dry cleaning rate of ≥90% for the first time on a 1kg-class UAV platform. It fills the technical gap of "high-altitude waterless strong electric field environment efficient cleaning" and has significant novelty and creativity.

[0037] Example 2: Live-line cleaning method for power equipment using the power equipment cleaning system described in Example 1 Meets the following requirements: Applicable scope: External insulation for 220kV and above substations, transmission line suspension / tension insulator strings, post porcelain bushings, wind turbine blades, etc., can be implemented under the rated operating voltage of the equipment without interrupting power supply; Unique water quality: Uses the same two-stage RO-EDI-nuclear grade mixed bed water throughout the entire process, with an online conductivity of 0.030–0.045µS·cm. -1 (Resistivity 22–25 MΩ·cm), TOC ≤ 3 ppb, ≥ 0.5 µm particles ≤ 10 pcs·mL -1 Bacterial colonies ≤ 1 CFU / 100mL; 250mL should be released from the onboard sampling valve for testing 1 hour before operation and every 30 minutes during operation. If any of these exceed the standard, the machine should be stopped immediately and the terminal 0.22µm filter element replaced; Operating boundaries: relative humidity ≤ 85%, wind speed ≤ 8m·s -1 Visibility ≥ 1km, takeoff is prohibited 1 hour before fog, drizzle, snow, hail, or thunderstorm; during operation, a double-layered netting shall be set up within 30m of the ground and a "live flushing" warning light shall be hung. The detailed steps and contents of the live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment meet the following requirements: Step 0, Preparation (approx. 90 min): First, perform ground-based water production: Start the secondary RO-EDI-nuclear grade mixed bed system 2 hours in advance, and seal the product water tank with nitrogen at 0.2 bar; after filling the airborne 15L water tank, lock the aviation quick-connect fitting and record the initial resistivity as 24.1 MΩ·cm; then, perform UAV inspection: tether the copper alloy cable (19×0.07mm, ≤5.8g·m) -1 DC resistance ≤ 0.32Ω·m -1 Withstand voltage 3kVDC / 60s, leakage current ≤30mA; Ultrasonic-air cannon unit (28kHz, 165dB@100 mm, 0.3 MPa pulse) quick-release gimbal center of gravity zeroing; High-pressure water spray unit inspection: PEEK high-pressure nozzle (φ0.3mm×6 holes) forms a 30° solid cone at a distance of 250mm from the insulator axis, with an impact force of 0.35N·cm. -2 Real-time water jet resistivity monitoring ≥22MΩ·cm; 0.3EMC self-test: 30kV·m at ground level. -1 Triggered by power frequency field simulator, onboard CAN bus bit error rate ≤10 -5Fiber optic control link packet loss: 0 / 10000; Step 1, Perform approach maneuvers (approximately 10 minutes): 1.1 Tethered takeoff: Ground-based DC 1kV is converted to 48V / 50A via an onboard step-down module to drive the UAV, with a climb rate ≤1m·s. -1 The horizontal approach is close to the 2m safety cylindrical surface of the target equipment; 1.2 Wind direction determination: Airborne wind vane + lidar, confirm that the crosswind component during operation is ≤2m·s. -1 If the wind direction changes by more than 30°, return to base immediately. Step 2, Dry Ultrasonic Pretreatment: 2.1 Activate the "Ultrasonic Sensitization-Air Cannon" synergy: First, conduct 28kHz ultrasound for 0.2s to induce microcracks in the contaminant layer; then, fire 3 consecutive shots at 0.3MPa air pressure for 0.1s each, consuming 0.45L of air per shot; the scanning speed is 0.2m·s. -1 1. Pass through the wire side from top to bottom and from the grounding side piece by piece; 2.2 Online evaluation of effect: Airborne 4K camera + image grayscale method, salt density removal rate ≥90% can proceed to the next step; if <90%, repeat once at the original height ±50mm, up to 2 times; Step 3, High-pressure pure water flushing (5 min): 3.1 Water column parameters: Static pressure 0.8 MPa (corresponding to 90 m / s at the nozzle outlet) -1 Water jet length 1.2m; real-time water jet resistivity ≥22MΩ·cm, leakage current ≤8µA (25kV standard porcelain insulator); 3.2 Flushing sequence: Suspension string: conductor side → grounding side, lower layer first then upper layer, 2 round trips per layer; Post porcelain bushing: spiral scan from top to bottom, nozzle angular velocity 10°·s -1 Tension string: from crossarm side to clamp side, pause for 2 seconds for each piece; 3.3 Synchronous monitoring: airborne infrared thermography (±2℃) shows no local hot spots; ground-based ultraviolet imager corona count ≤5pC; Step 4, Final Inspection and Completion (T+20min): 4.1 Surface Cleanliness: On-site laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement of TOC residue ≤0.1µg·cm³ -2 Salt density is 0.15 mg·cm³ -2 Reduced to ≤0.01 mg·cm -2 4.2 Insulation Restoration: Within 5 minutes of rinsing completion, the surface water film ruptures, and the resistivity recovers to above 18.2 MΩ·cm within 30 seconds; leakage current ≤8µA (25kV); 4.3 Waste Liquid Recovery: Onboard 0.5L waste liquid tank + ground vacuum recovery vehicle, waste liquid conductivity ≤0.10µS·cm -1 It is directly discharged into the neutralization pool of the power plant without the need for secondary resin adsorption; 4.4 Equipment reset: the nozzle is purged for 10 seconds to prevent dripping, the tether cable is wound up under constant tension for 1.5 seconds, the drone lands vertically to the ground, and the 1kV power supply is turned off.

[0038] The live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment meets the following emergency response requirements: In case of sudden equipment flashover alarm or water column resistivity <18MΩ·cm: shut off the water spray switch within 0.5s, and lift the drone to 3m above the crossarm within 2s; disconnect the 1kV power supply on the ground, and activate the drone's onboard battery to return to base; activate the "emergency re-water" mode: circulate 1L of onboard backup ultrapure water (resistivity 24MΩ·cm) for 30s to quickly replace the low-purity section of the pipeline, and only after passing the test can the spray be resumed. Through the above steps, this method achieves an insulator salt density removal rate ≥90%, surface leakage current ≤8µA, and direct discharge of waste liquid under 220kV uninterrupted power conditions. The entire process is fully compatible with the given "tethered drone + ultrasonic / high-pressure pure water + EW-Ⅰ grade ultrapure water" system, without introducing any additional risk sources.

[0039] Example 3: Evaluation Method for Live-Line Cleaning of Power Equipment The key technology is that the following "cleaning effect evaluation method" is directly embedded in the aforementioned power equipment cleaning system and live-line cleaning method. All its indicators, thresholds, and test steps form a closed loop with the technical requirements of the power equipment cleaning system and live-line cleaning method, ensuring novelty (multi-mode collaborative quantitative evaluation) and creativity (the first time that "passivation film formation degree" and "water jet resistivity online closed loop" are included in the evaluation of live-line cleaning effect). Evaluation objects: 220kV~500kV suspension / tension / post insulators, wind turbine blades, and transformer bushing external insulation; Evaluation timing: T0: 5 minutes before cleaning (baseline value); T1: Immediately after dry ultrasonic air gun; T2: 30 seconds after deion beam rinsing; T3: 2 hours after passivation sealing (one control insulator is left on-site and sent to the laboratory); The evaluation index system includes 6 dimensions and 17 quantitative indicators, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Evaluation Index System for Live-Line Cleaning of Power Equipment The evaluation process requires the core test to be completed on-site within 5 minutes, and the specific steps and content must meet the following requirements: Airborne dual-channel synchronous sampling was used. Channel 1 sampled 50 mL of water after 0.22 µm filtration using an EDI reflux tube, measuring E1; Channel 2 sampled 2 cm from the insulator surface. 2 For patch application (QRS-Ⅲ), take samples and place them in a sealed bag, then measure A1 and A2. The electrical parameters must meet the following requirements: Leakage current B2: 0-20mA range of airborne Hall ring, 100ms refresh of CAN bus; Partial discharge B3: Counting by ground-based ultraviolet imager, audible and visual alarm and automatic 1m elevation of the drone when >5pC. Surface performance rapid testing includes: C1+C2: Completion of "spraying-photographing-comparison" integrated micro-station (weight 180g, drone mounted) within 30s; C3: Four-probe probe embedded in gimbal quick-release mount, contact pressure 0.2N, 1s reading of film resistance. Microscopic morphology sampling inspection: 1 piece is sampled from every 10 towers, and a white light interferometer directly scans the ceramic skirt at 3 points; if Ra difference > 0.1µm, re-spraying for 5s is required. Data closed loop: All parameters are recorded; if any dimension fails to meet the requirements, "rework mode" is triggered: the drone automatically returns to the sample and repeats the "ultrasonic + pure water" dual-mode test once.

[0040] Image grayscale method F2: On-site lighting compensation + HSV color space, grayscale mean to reference area ratio ≥0.95 corresponds to 95% cleaning rate, error <2% compared with laboratory weighing method; solves the pain point of "subjective visual inspection", can automatically generate before and after cleaning comparison images as attachments to maintenance reports.

[0041] Overall results: flashover voltage increased by 29.7% (28.3kV→36.7kV), partial discharge suppression was 81% (42pC→8pC), and hydrophobicity recovery rate was 98% (HC1-HC2); single-string operating time decreased from 85min to 51min; there were 0 flashover failures during the 6-month follow-up period, compared to 7 failures in the untreated control group. This embodiment demonstrates excellent overall technical performance.

Claims

1. A power equipment cleaning system, comprising: a tethered drone (1) and a cleaning chamber (2); wherein: The cleaning chamber (2) is arranged on the drone (1) or connected to the drone (1) via a pipeline; characterized in that: the cleaning chamber (2) is equipped with an ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) and / or a high-pressure water jet cleaning unit (4); wherein: The high-pressure water jet cleaning unit (4) is equipped with a water supply pipeline (4.1), a water tank (4.2), a high-pressure nozzle (4.3), and a water spray switch (4.4); wherein: the high-pressure nozzle (4.3) is connected to the water tank (4.2) as a water source through the water supply pipeline (4.1), and the water spray switch (4.4) is located on the high-pressure nozzle (4.3) or the water supply pipeline (4.1); the cleaning water arranged in the water tank (4.2) specifically meets the following requirements: Parameter range requirements for deionized water that can be directly used for live-line cleaning of electrical equipment: Water quality indicators for deionized water used for live-line cleaning of electrical equipment: Conductivity: 0.030~0.045 μS·cm -1 The corresponding resistivity is 22–25 MΩ·cm; pH: 6.8–7.2, stabilized with a 0.8–1.2 ppm buffer system; total organic carbon (TOC): ≤3 ppb; particle size ≥0.5 µm: ≤10 pcs·mL -1 Total bacterial count: ≤1 CFU / 100mL; Dissolved oxygen: 4~6 mg·L -1 ; Functional micro-additives must meet the following requirements: Passivating agent: hexafluoroacetylacetone 0.8~1.5 µg·L -1 Trifluoroacetic acid 0.3~0.6 µg·L -1 Morpholine-trifluoroacetate 0.2~0.4µg·L -1 The combined material can form a CuF2 / AlF3 mixed passivation film on the surface of Al, Cu, and Zn, with a film thickness of 2~5 nm and a film resistance ≥10 Ω·cm. 12 Ω·sq -1 Film formation within 30 minutes; Transient complex stabilizer: Thioglycolic acid 0.05~0.10µg·L -1 ; 1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imine salt 0.03~0.08 µg·L -1 ; The applicable performance requirements for live-line cleaning are: Electrical performance: Power frequency flashover voltage: ≥38kV(rms), compared to commercially available 0.1μS·cm - 1 DI water increases by ≥15%; Surface leakage current 30 min after cleaning: ≤8µA; Material compatibility: Metal corrosion rate: ≤0.02 g·m -2 ·d -1 It meets the minimum Rp10 requirement of GB / T6461-2002.

2. The power equipment cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When a high-pressure water spray cleaning unit (4) is installed in the cleaning chamber (2), the deionized water is secondary reverse osmosis deionized water; the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method sequentially meets the following requirements: Step 1, raw water pretreatment, is carried out in the following manner: first, use a sand filter to remove silt and rust; then use activated carbon adsorption to remove residual chlorine and odor; then use softening resin to replace calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions to prevent scaling on the subsequent reverse osmosis membrane. Step 2, fine washing, also known as first-stage reverse osmosis treatment: using a high-pressure pump to squeeze the water treated in Step 1 through the first reverse osmosis membrane; Required result: The conductivity of the product water should decrease to 5~20 μS·cm -1 ; Step 3, fine washing, also known as secondary reverse osmosis treatment: The clean water obtained in step 2 is then squeezed through a second, denser reverse osmosis membrane, i.e., the RO membrane; Result requirement: Product water conductivity ≤ 0.8 μS·cm -1 More than 90% of the salt is then removed; Step 4, Post-processing: First, perform electrodeionization (EDI) to remove any remaining ions, achieving a conductivity ≤ 0.06 μS·cm. -1 ; Nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin: Further "adsorbs" trace ions, resulting in conductivity approaching 0.055 μS·cm. -1 ; Step 5, Microbial and Particulate Final Treatment: Filter using a 0.22µm filter cartridge: trap any tiny particles to ensure clean water; 185nm UV + trace H2O2 treatment: Ultraviolet irradiation decomposes bacteria and organic matter; trace H2O2 further oxidizes residual organic matter to ensure total organic carbon (TOC) ≤ 3ppb. Step 6, Storage and Sealing: Use nitrogen to seal the ultrapure water tank, fill it with nitrogen, and maintain a slight positive pressure of 0.1~0.5MPa to prevent the deionized water stored in the tank from absorbing dust and CO2 from the air and to maintain the purity of the water.

3. The power equipment cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 1 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method also meets the following requirements: The sand jar comprises the following components: jar body: vertical cylinder, diameter Ø600~Ø1200mm, straight section height 1200~2000mm, total height 1800~3000mm; material is 316L stainless steel, inner lining is 3mm thick food-grade EPDM rubber, welds are polished with Ra≤0.8µm to prevent iron from leaching out; Water distributor: A 360° rotating water distributor is installed at the upstream water inlet on the top of the sand tank. The arm has a 1.5mm angled hole with a hole speed of 1.8ms. -1 This creates tangential scouring, preventing water from impacting the sand surface and causing gullies; Water collector: Located at the bottom of the sand tank, it adopts a double-safety structure of "flared mouth + wire-wound screen tube", with a wire gap of ≤0.25mm and a V-shaped cross section to ensure that the smallest sand particle of 0.6mm does not leak; a cross-shaped flow stabilizer is installed inside the flared mouth to reduce dead zones; The "trumpet mouth + wire-wound screen tube" double-insurance structure is a bottom water collection combination with "large outer and small inner, two-layer interception", which is completely buried under the support layer. The specific description is as follows: The outer layer has a funnel-shaped structure, specifically an inverted section where the fluid flows through a conical-cylindrical transition section with a larger upper area and a smaller lower area. The upper diameter is equal to 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the inner diameter of the sand tank, and the lower diameter is equal to twice the outlet pipe diameter, with a cone angle of 30° to 45°. The material is 316L stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm and an inner surface Ra≤0.8µm. The "fungus-shaped mouth + wire-wound screen tube" double-insurance structure is used to "catch" the vertical flow from above in a 360° range and then guide it to the center, eliminating dead corners. At the same time, it acts as the first "coarse barrier" to intercept larger gravels ≥4mm that may penetrate the support layer. The inner layer is a wire-wound screen tube, located at the center of the bottom of the bell mouth, and coaxially welded with the straight outlet pipe; the outer shape is a "Johnson screen tube" with a diameter of Ø80~150mm and a length of 300~500mm; the structural requirements are: outside the longitudinal support ribs of Ø6mm, a triangular stainless steel wire of Ø1.5mm is spirally wound, with the apex of the triangle facing outward, forming a continuous "V" shaped gap of 0.20~0.25mm; The flow stabilizer plate is located at half the height of the cone section of the bell mouth. Specifically, it consists of four horizontally welded 316L cross-shaped thin plates, each 30mm wide, with rounded edges. Assembly requirements for the "trumpet mouth + wire-wound screen tube" double-insurance structure: The bottom support layer is 4-8mm gravel with a thickness of 150mm, which sits directly on the outer wall of the trumpet mouth. The wire-wound screen tube is then backfilled with 8-16mm pebbles with a thickness of 50mm, which both fixes the screen tube and forms a secondary rectification. During operation, the water is first "coarsely collected" through the trumpet mouth, then "finely filtered" through the wire-wound gaps, and finally discharged through the central straight pipe. During backwashing, the direction is reversed. The water flow is first evenly distributed through the wire-wound gaps and then flows upward through the entire sand layer. The sand tank has a 200mm quick-opening manhole at half its height, and is equipped with a 50mm thick transparent tempered glass sight glass for observers. It has a built-in LED low-voltage lamp, which enables online observation of the thickness of the contamination layer on the sand surface, serving as a prerequisite for triggering backwashing. Self-compensating exhaust: The top is equipped with a "dry" automatic exhaust valve. The valve core of the automatic exhaust valve is a hollow PTFE float filled with nitrogen and with a wall thickness of 2~3mm. It has a contact angle of 110°, does not stick to scale, and can automatically discharge trapped air during operation to prevent air resistance from causing flow deviation. The activated carbon adsorption in step 1 must meet the following requirements: Activated carbon adsorption structure: A vertical fiberglass tank (Ø800mm×H1800mm) is used, with a 3mm thick PVDF anti-chlorine layer lining; the upper and lower water distributors use 0.4mm slit wire; the carbon gradation requirements are as follows: the bottom layer is a 4mm thick columnar carbon layer (200mm thick) for buffering; the middle layer is a 2mm thick crushed carbon layer (600mm thick) for the main adsorption layer; the top layer is a 0.5mm thick powdered carbon layer (100mm thick) for polishing. Surface modification: The middle layer carbon was oxidized at 450°C in a 5% O2 / Ar gas flow for 30 min to generate carboxyl and lactone groups, and the residual chlorine adsorption capacity was increased from 15 g·Cl2 / kg to 28 g·Cl2 / kg; Operation: Filtration rate 12mh -1 Empty bed contact time ≥ 8 min; when residual chlorine in effluent > 0.05 mg·L -1 Backwashing is triggered when the pressure difference is greater than 0.08 MPa; Backwash: First, air wash for 3 minutes at an intensity of 10 Lm. -2 ·s -1 After 5 minutes of combined air and water treatment, the water was washed with pure water until the turbidity of the effluent was <0.3 NTU. The requirements for softening resin treatment are: The resin is Rohm and Haas AmberLite™ HPR1300Na, with a uniform particle size of 570µm and a uniformity coefficient ≤1.1; the packing height is 1.2m and the bed porosity is 0.

35. First, perform "pulse salt uptake" at a rate of 60 m·h. -1 Instantaneous flow velocity impact for 30 seconds; Then, a countercurrent regeneration method was selected, with the brine flowing in the opposite direction to the running direction, the NaCl concentration being 8%, and the contact time being 30 minutes. Then, a replacement process was performed: slow washing with secondary reverse osmosis permeate for 20 minutes at a flow rate of 4 m / h. -1 Wash until hardness < 1 mg CaCO3·L -1 The process ends when the conductivity returns to ±3% of the influent conductivity. Control requirements for softening resin treatment: online hardness electrode 0~200µg·L -1 +PLC; When hardness penetrates 20µg·L -1 That is, regeneration ahead of schedule; In step 2 of the two-stage reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the primary reverse osmosis membrane used in the primary reverse osmosis treatment must meet the following requirements: Membrane structure: The primary reverse osmosis membrane is a Dow FilmTec™ BW30XFR-400 / 34i polyamide composite membrane with a 34mil feed channel; effective area 400 ft. 2 The desalination layer is 200 nm thick, with a surface zeta potential of -30 mV, pH 7, and chlorine tolerance up to 1000 ppm·h. The first-stage reverse osmosis membrane element is 20 cm × 10² cm, with six pressure vessels arranged in a 3-2-1 configuration. The inter-stage booster pump operates at a pressure of 0.25 MPa, ensuring a terminal flux of 16 Lm for the second stage. -2 ·h -1 ; A 0.5mm PTFE wedge groove is arranged on the inside of the standard end cap by laser cladding to form a turbulence promoter; First-stage reverse osmosis operation requirements: Influent conditions: SDI < 3, residual chlorine < 0.05 mg·L -1 Temperature 25±2°C, pH 6.5~7.5; dosage 3 mg·L -1 Scale inhibitor and 0.8 mg·L -1 Non-oxidizing bactericides; Operating pressure: 1.05~1.25MPa, flux: 27L·m -2 ·h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is 8~12µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥97.5%; Online monitoring requirements: For each pressure vessel's water conductivity meter, an "O-ring leak" alarm should be triggered when the average conductivity of a single meter is 15% higher than normal. Cleaning requirements: When the standardized flux decreases by 10% or the inter-stage pressure difference increases by 15%, use pH2 citric acid + pH11 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate for segmented cleaning, circulate for 60 min, soak for 120 min, and then circulate for 30 min. In step 3 of the two-stage reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the secondary reverse osmosis treatment in the secondary reverse osmosis process meets the following requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane structure meets the following requirements: The secondary reverse osmosis membrane model is Hydranautics ESPA2-LD, low pressure high desalination, polyamide composite, 34mil inlet water channel; The secondary reverse osmosis membrane element size is 10cm×102cm, with a total of 8 elements per pressure vessel, arranged in a 2-1 configuration, for a total of 8 elements; the membrane housing is made of 316L ultra-low carbon stainless steel, Ra≤0.4µm, and electrolytically polished; A pulse reflux valve is added at the concentrate outlet, which is opened for 3 seconds every 30 minutes to instantly reflux 15% of the flow rate in order to disperse the high-salt pulse in the boundary layer. Detailed requirements for the second-stage reverse osmosis process: Feed water: Primary RO permeate, temperature as before, pH 7.0~7.5, dosage 1 mg·L⁻¹ -1 Scale inhibitor; operating pressure: 0.70~0.85MPa, recovery rate 80%, flux 20Lm -2 ·h -1 The conductivity of the produced water is ≤0.6µS·cm. -1 Desalination rate ≥95%; effluent parameters: SiO2 ≤5µg·L -1 TOC ≤ 15 µg·L -1 Cu / Zn / Fe ≤1µg·L -1 This meets the subsequent EDI water intake requirements; In step 4 of the secondary reverse osmosis deionized water preparation method, the ultra-fine washing meets the requirements: First, the EDI module meets the requirements: Using a Siemens Ionpure® G2-30X 30gpm plate-and-frame EDI membrane stack, with a water production rate of 3m³ / h 3 ·h -1 The concentrate / electrode water is refluxed independently; the "full-fill" technology is adopted, and the resin chamber is 100% filled with electronic-grade uniform particle resin, wherein the particle size of the cation resin is controlled at 650µm and the particle size of the anion resin is controlled at 550µm, and the mass ratio or volume ratio between the cation resin and the anion resin is 1:1.5; there is no chemical regeneration. The power supply is DC 0~400V, 0~6A, with automatic constant current of 2.5A; the voltage is adjusted in real time according to the change of CO2 in the influent. The following control requirements must be met: Freshwater chamber flow velocity 25 cm·s -1 Concentrate chamber 10cm·s -1 , extreme water chamber 5cm·s -1 Concentrate reflux ratio 30%, electrode water 1% direct discharge; Add a 185nm UV + 1ppmH2O2 micro-dosage device to the concentrate return line, with a dosage of 30~60W·m -2 The solution is held for 2-5 seconds to instantly oxidize the accumulated organic carbon in the concentrate into CO2, which is then discharged through the EDI anion membrane. The module's TOC back pressure is ≤3µg·L. -1 Lifespan extended by 20%; Secondly, the nuclear-grade mixed-bed resin meets the following requirements: The ion exchange resin is Purolite NRW37-Nuclear, and the cation exchange resin is H. + Type, anion resin OH - Type, 1:1.5 volume ratio; The container is a polished 316L column with a diameter of Ø300mm and a height of 1m, with an operating flow rate of 60m·h. -1 The bed depth is 800mm; 0.2mm wire-wound screen tubes are installed at the top and bottom to prevent resin leakage; When the effluent Na + >0.05µg·L -1 Replace the ion exchange resin when the resistivity is <18.2 MΩ·cm; the actual operating cycle is 6–8 months. Requirements for replacing ion exchange resin: The old resin should be vacuum-extracted in a Class 100 clean room. The new resin should be backwashed three times with 18.2 MΩ·cm water before being vacuum-filled to avoid air contact and the introduction of CO2. Third, terminal filtration and sterilization meet the following requirements: Terminal microfiltration is performed using 0.22µm PES capsule filter cartridges, with an integrity test bubble point ≥3.4 bar; single-layer asymmetric structure, β≥5000; each cartridge is 10 inches, with two cartridges arranged in series; For sterilization using low-pressure mercury lamps with a center wavelength of 185nm, and for ozone-free sterilization, the Philips TUV16W ozone-free lamp is selected, with an irradiation dose of 120mJ·cm⁻¹. -2 The cavity is electropolished with Ra≤0.25µm using 316L electrolytic polishing, and the reflector is coated with an Rh layer. It decomposes methanol and urea in TOC into CO2+H2O, and the effluent TOC≤3ppb. Trace amounts of H2O2: Dosage: 50–200 µg·L -1 30% injection grade, metered pump online dosing at 0.3 ppm, synergistically generates OH with low-pressure mercury lamp ultraviolet light with a center wavelength of 185 nm, achieving a sterilization rate of ≥6 log; Nitrogen sealing: The top of the water tank is equipped with a 0.2 bar micro-positive pressure N2. Through a combination of a self-regulating pressure regulating valve and a 0.22 µm gas filter, gas is automatically replenished when the liquid level drops. The CO2 increment is ≤0.2 ppm and the resistivity decreases by ≤0.1 MΩ·cm over 24 hours.

4. The power equipment cleaning system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The unmanned aerial vehicle (1) in the power equipment cleaning system is a tethered unmanned aerial vehicle that meets the following requirements: its aerial platform is a hexacopter or octacopter unmanned aerial vehicle, and its power supply method is external power supply through tether cable (1.5), battery power supply or generator power supply; when external power supply is used, the unmanned aerial vehicle (1) is equipped with an onboard step-down module (1.1), which is connected to a 400~1500V DC power supply (1.2) through tether cable (1.5). The onboard step-down module (1.1) transforms the DC power supply (1.2) to 48V / 50V to power the drive motor (1.3); The tether cable (1.5) for the tethered drone meets the following requirements: withstand voltage of 3000VDC / 60s without breakdown, leakage protection requirement ≤30mA; the tether cable (1.5) uses a high-voltage composite cable or a copper alloy power core or an aluminum alloy power core, with a minimum bending radius ≤120mm; the outer layer of the tether cable (1.5) uses a Kevlar tensile layer + TPU / FEP insulation, with an insulation resistance ≥500MΩ·km; the tensile strength requirement of the tether cable (1.5) is ≥500N, the breaking strength is ≥300kg, the withstand voltage is 1500V, and the linear density is ≤19g / m; the tether cable (1.5) is an optoelectronic composite cable, the core of which is a lightweight copper alloy or aluminum alloy conductor power core, wherein: When the mooring cable (1.5) has a copper alloy power core, its composition and content must meet the following requirements: Cu≥96.0; Ni 0.8~1.2; Sn 0.05~0.12; Fe 0.02~0.08; P 0.015~0.035; Ag 0.02~0.06; the balance is impurities, ≤0.01 for a single type and ≤0.08 for the total amount; among which: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, increasing the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180℃ to ≥110MPa, while maintaining electrical conductivity ≥82%IACS; Ag microalloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12% while reducing conductivity loss to <1%IACS; P acts as a deoxidizer, controlling oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring wire breakage after repeated bending >15000 times; the preparation method of copper alloy power core wire billet meets the following requirements: Step 1, horizontal continuous casting: casting temperature 1120~1150℃, drawing speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 This yields φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4~6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds after the billet exits the crystallizer, it enters the 650~700℃ holding section, stays for 15~25 seconds, and then decreases at ≥15℃·s. -1 Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging treatment requirement is 280~320℃ / 4~6h, so that the average size of the precipitated phase is 5~15nm and the volume fraction is 1.2~1.8%; In the preparation process of copper alloy power core wire blank, the diameter of the finished single wire is 0.05~0.08mm, the stranding is 19×0.07mm, and the unit weight is ≤5.8g·m. -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m -1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; When the mooring cable (1.5) is an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content meet the requirements: Al≥99.0; Mg0.25~0.35; Si0.08~0.15; Fe0.06~0.12; Cu0.02~0.05; B0.01~0.03; RE0.015~0.04; other impurities ≤0.01 for each type and ≤0.05 for the total amount; Design points explanation: Mg / Si mass ratio 2.2~2.8, forming sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥95MPa; the combined addition of B and RE can increase the spheroidization rate of Fe phase to ≥80%, significantly reducing the source of processing cracks and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥56%IACS, density 2.71g·cm³ -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; The fabrication of the aluminum alloy power core must meet the following requirements: Step 1, Belt-type continuous casting: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15–20℃·s -1 The billet temperature is ≤420℃, and an aluminum rod with a diameter of 9.5mm is obtained; Step 2, Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30%, final rolling speed 6–8 m / s -1 ; Step 3, online quenching: Within 1.2 seconds after rolling, the roll is placed in a 15℃ water bath with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To suppress the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6~1.0%; Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; The overall structure of the optical-electric composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV·mm. -1 It can withstand temperatures up to 250℃ over a long period of time. Optical unit: G657.D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly wrapped with 0.2mm Teflon FEP, and covered with a 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength of ≥300N·100mm. -1 ; Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25–30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, wear resistance ≤0.05g; The outer diameter of the entire cable is ≤2.2mm, and the linear density is ≤6g·m. -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

5. The power equipment cleaning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power equipment cleaning system meets one of the following requirements: Firstly, when the tether cable (1.5) of the UAV (1) in the power equipment cleaning system is a copper alloy power core, its composition and content meet the following requirements: Cu≥96.0; Ni0.8~1.2; Sn0.05~0.12; Fe0.02~0.08; P0.015~0.035; Ag0.02~0.06; the balance is impurities, with each type ≤0.01 and the total amount ≤0.08; wherein: Ni / Sn forms Cu-Ni-Sn precipitates, increasing the high-temperature yield strength at 150~180℃ ≥110MPa, while maintaining the conductivity ≥82%IACS; Ag micro-alloying refines the grains, increasing the 0.2% yield strength by 8~12% while reducing the conductivity loss to <1%IACS; P acts as a deoxidizer, controlling the oxide inclusions to <0.3µm, ensuring that the wire does not break after repeated bending >15000 times; The preparation method of copper alloy power core wire blank meets the following requirements: Step 1, Horizontal continuous casting: Pouring temperature 1120~1150℃, billet pulling speed 80~120mm·min -1 Secondary cooling water flow rate: 1.8~2.2m³ / h 3 ·h -1 It can produce φ8mm billets with a grain size of ASTM 4~6. Step 2, online solution treatment: Within 3 seconds after the billet exits the crystallizer, it enters the 650~700℃ holding section, stays for 15~25 seconds, and then decreases at ≥15℃·s. -1 Rapid water quenching inhibits premature precipitation of the Ni-Sn phase; Step 3, cold working + aging: total processing rate 85~92%, inter-pass annealing temperature 380~420℃, aging 280~320℃ / 4~6h, so that the average size of the precipitated phase is 5~15nm and the volume fraction is 1.2~1.8%; The preparation process of copper alloy power core wire blank requires the finished product to have a single wire diameter of 0.05~0.08mm, a stranded structure of 19×0.07mm, and a unit weight ≤5.8g·m. -1 DC resistance at 20℃ ≤0.32Ω·m -1 Tensile strength ≥480MPa, elongation at break ≥8%; Secondly, when the mooring cable (1.5) is an aluminum alloy power core, its composition and mass percentage content meet the requirements: Al≥99.0; Mg 0.25~0.35; Si 0.08~0.15; Fe 0.06~0.12; Cu 0.02~0.05; B 0.01~0.03; RE 0.015~0.04; other impurities ≤0.01 for each type and ≤0.05 for the total amount; Design points explained: Mg / Si mass ratio 2.2~2.8, forming sub-nanometer β″-Mg2Si precipitation, increasing the yield strength at 150℃ to ≥95 MPa; the combined addition of B and RE can increase the spheroidization rate of Fe phase to ≥80%, significantly reducing the source of processing cracks and increasing the bending fatigue cycle by more than 30%; overall electrical conductivity ≥56% IACS, density 2.71 g·cm³. -3 It is 69% lighter than pure copper; the fabrication of the aluminum alloy power core meets the following requirements: Step 1, Belt-type continuous casting: casting temperature 680~700℃, cooling intensity 15~20℃·s -1 The billet temperature is ≤420℃, and an aluminum rod with a diameter of 9.5mm is obtained; Step 2, Three-stand hot continuous rolling: initial rolling temperature 380~420℃, final rolling temperature 260~300℃, total elongation 25~30, final rolling speed 6~8m·s -1 ; Step 3, online quenching: Within 1.2 seconds after rolling, the roll is placed in a 15℃ water bath with a cooling rate ≥80℃·s. -1 To suppress the precipitation of coarse β-Mg2Si; medium-temperature aging: 170~190℃ / 6~10h, precipitated phase size 2~5nm, volume fraction 0.6~1.0%; Target performance of aluminum alloy power core: finished wire diameter 0.08mm, 19×0.08mm stranded structure, unit weight ≤1.2g·m -1 Resistance ≤ 1.10 Ω·m at 20℃ -1 Tensile strength ≥230MPa, elongation ≥10%, repeated bending (R=5mm) ≥20000 times without breaking the filament; The overall structure of the optical-electric composite cable meets the following requirements: Electrical unit: The above-mentioned copper alloy or aluminum alloy stranded wire is extruded with 0.05mm thick PFA / PI composite insulation, with a dielectric strength ≥90kV·mm. -1 It can withstand temperatures up to 250℃ over a long period of time. Optical unit: G657.D14×0.25mm optical fiber, tightly packed with 0.2mm Teflon FEP, and covered with a 0.05mm stainless steel microtube, providing a compressive strength of ≥300N·100mm. -1 ; Load-bearing layer: 1500D Kevlar braided, tensile strength ≥3000N, accounting for 25~30% of the total cross-sectional area; Outer sheath: 0.3mm TPU or TPEE, surface resistivity ≤10 9 Ω, no cracks when bent at -60℃, wear resistance ≤0.05g; The outer diameter of the entire cable is ≤2.2mm, and the linear density is ≤6g·m. -1 Rated voltage 1.5kVDC, withstand voltage 3.5kV / 1min without breakdown, rewind and rewind life ≥10000 times.

6. The power equipment cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) installed in the cleaning chamber (2) of the power equipment cleaning system is an ultrasonic air cannon cleaning system; The ultrasonic air cannon used as the ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) is an "ultrasonic sensitizing air cannon": firstly, a 28kHz ultrasonic air coupling beam is used to induce microcracks / local resonance in the dirt layer, and then a 0.3MPa, φ30mm pulse air cannon is fired immediately after 0.1~0.3s. The cracks peel off instantly under air pressure, realizing "ultrasonic-pneumatic" synergistic peeling. A lightweight "piezoelectric-horn" integrated radiator is used, consisting of a 25mm diameter, 2mm thick φ1-3 type PZT fiber composite sheet + a 3D printed ABS exponential curve horn. The ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) uses a dual topology power supply with "flyback-resonance": the front stage flyback achieves 12V→200V isolation boost, the rear stage series resonant inverter, zero voltage switching, peak power 250W, average 120W; Electromagnetic shielding-fiber optic control: The drive signal is transmitted through a 1mm plastic optical fiber, and a 3.3V laser diode is used on the light-emitting side; the power side adopts an all-aluminum shell + 0.2mm thick permalloy plate, with an insertion loss of ≥60dB from 10kHz to 100MHz. The ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) is installed with the help of a "plug and play" quick-release gimbal. The quick-release base has a built-in 12V / Anderson power supply and CAN bus interface; the center of gravity is located at the center of the drone's pitch axis, and the gimbal can pitch ±90° to keep the nozzle always perpendicular to the surface being cleaned. Ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) system structure: The UAV power supply is connected to the piezoelectric horn radiator through the flyback-resonant power board, and then connected to the high-speed air cannon; the high-speed air cannon is connected to the ground station through the connection of optical fiber and CAN interface using CAN commands; The ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) meets the following performance parameter requirements: operating frequency: 28±0.5kHz; radiated sound pressure: ≥165dB at a distance of 100mm; air cannon pressure: 0.3MPa, single air consumption 0.45L, 5 consecutive shots with an interval of 0.5s; total mass: 1.15kg; average power consumption: 120W; electromagnetic compatibility: passes 30kV·m -1 Power frequency field, 80MHz–1GHz 10Vm -1 Radiation immunity test; Cleaning efficiency: ≥92% removal rate of artificial contamination on 110kV porcelain insulators; Endurance: A full tank of air and a full charge can clean the blades of 30 wind towers or 6 wind turbines; when using a tethered drone, it can perform cleaning operations continuously for a long time. The core components of the ultrasonic cleaning unit (3) are: at least one piezoelectric-horn integrated air-coupled ultrasonic radiator; The pulse air cannon nozzle is arranged coaxially with the radiator; the control unit is used to trigger the ultrasound for 0.1~0.3s before turning on the air cannon to achieve coordinated stripping; among them: the piezoelectric-horn radiator uses a type 1-3 PZT fiber composite sheet, the horn is printed with an exponential curve ABS, and the weight of a single radiator is ≤20g; The drive signal is transmitted via plastic optical fiber, and the withstand voltage between the power stage and the signal stage is ≥30kV.

7. A method for live-line cleaning of power equipment using the power equipment cleaning system of claim 6, characterized in that: The steps and contents of the live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment meet the following requirements: Step 1, make an approaching motion. 1.1 Tethered takeoff: Ground-based DC 1kV is stepped down to 48V / 50A via an onboard voltage reduction module to drive the hexacoach, with a climb rate ≤1m·s. -1 Approaching the target equipment at a horizontal level within a 2m safe cylindrical surface; 1.2 Wind Direction Determination: Airborne wind vane + lidar confirm that the crosswind component during operation is ≤2 m / s. -1 If the wind direction changes by more than 30°, return to base immediately. Step 2: Dry Ultrasonic Pretreatment 2.1 Activation of the "ultrasound sensitization-air cannon" synergy: First, 28kHz ultrasound for 0.2s is used to induce microcracks in the contaminant layer; then, the 0.3MPa air cannon fires three times in 0.1s bursts, consuming 0.45L of air per burst; the scanning speed is 0.2m·s. -1 The conductor passes through the grounding side piece by piece from top to bottom; 2.2 Online evaluation of results: Using an onboard 4K camera and image grayscale method, a salt density removal rate of ≥90% is required to proceed to the next step; If <90%, repeat once at the original height ±50mm, up to a maximum of 2 times; Step 3: High-pressure pure water rinsing 3.1 Water column parameters: static pressure 0.8MPa, water jet length 1.2m; real-time water jet resistivity ≥22MΩ·cm, leakage current ≤8 µA; 3.2 Flushing sequence: Suspension string: conductor side → grounding side, lower layer first, then upper layer, 2 round trips per layer; Support porcelain bushing: spiral scan from top to bottom, nozzle angular velocity 10°·s -1 Tension string: from the crossarm side to the clamp side, pause for 2 seconds for each piece; 3.3 Synchronous monitoring: Airborne infrared thermography showed no localized hot spots; ground-based ultraviolet imager corona count ≤5 pC; Step 4: Final Inspection and Completion 4.1 Surface cleanliness: On-site laser-induced fluorescence measurement of TOC residue ≤0.1µg·cm⁻¹ -2 Salt density is 0.15 mg·cm³ -2 Reduced to ≤0.01 mg·cm -2 ; 4.2 Insulation Restoration: Within 5 minutes after rinsing, the surface water film ruptures, and the resistivity recovers to above 18.2 MΩ·cm within 30 seconds; leakage current ≤8µA; 4.3 Waste liquid recovery: Onboard 0.5L waste liquid tank + ground vacuum recovery vehicle; waste liquid conductivity ≤0.10µS·cm -1 It can be directly discharged into the neutralization tank of the power plant without the need for secondary resin adsorption; 4.4 Equipment reset: Blow the nozzle for 10 seconds to prevent dripping, rewind the mooring cable (1.5) under constant tension, and land the drone vertically on the ground. Turn off the 1kV power supply.

8. The live-line cleaning method for power equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment, the following conditions are also met before step 1: Step 0, Preparation First, ground-based water production was carried out: the secondary RO-EDI-nuclear grade mixed bed system was started 2 hours in advance, and the water production tank was sealed with nitrogen at 0.2 bar; after the airborne 15L water tank was filled, the aviation quick-connect was locked, and the initial resistivity was recorded as 24.1 MΩ·cm. Then, the drone was inspected: the DC resistance of the tethered copper alloy cable was ≤0.32 Ω·m. -1 Withstand voltage 3 kVDC / 60 s, leakage current ≤30mA; Ultrasonic-air cannon unit quick-release gimbal center of gravity zeroing; High-pressure water spray unit inspection: When the PEEK high-pressure nozzle is 250mm from the insulator axis, it forms a 30° solid cone with an impact force of 0.35 N·cm. -2 Real-time water jet resistivity monitoring ≥22MΩ·cm; 0.3EMC self-test: Ground 30kVm -1 Triggered by power frequency field simulator, onboard CAN bus bit error rate ≤10 -5 Fiber optic control link packet loss: 0 / 10000; The live-line cleaning method for electrical equipment also meets the following emergency response requirements: If a flashover alarm occurs or the water column resistivity is <18MΩ·cm: turn off the water spray switch within 0.5s, and raise the drone to 3m above the crossarm within 2s; disconnect the 1kV power supply on the ground, activate the drone's onboard battery to return to base; activate the "emergency re-water" mode: circulate 1L of onboard ultrapure water for 30s to quickly replace the low-purity section of the pipeline, and only after passing the test can the spray be resumed.

9. The method for evaluating live-line cleaning of power equipment as described in claim 6 or 8, characterized in that: The evaluation indicator system includes 6 dimensions and 17 quantitative indicators, among which: Dimension A: Residual Fouling: Indicator A1, i.e., Equivalent Salt Density (ESDD), threshold ≤ 0.01 mg·cm³ -2 Test principle and equipment: On-site QRS-Ⅲ patch weighing for 24 hours; pass / fail criteria: patch weight gain ≤ 0.1 mg; index A2, i.e., NSDD (neutral density), threshold ≤ 0.02 mg·cm³. -2 Test principle and equipment: On-site QRS-Ⅲ patch weighing for 24 hours; pass / fail criteria: patch weight gain ≤ 0.1 mg; index A3, i.e., surface TOC residue, threshold ≤ 0.1 µg·cm³. -2 Test principle and equipment: airborne LIF; pass criterion: 270nm peak area ≤ baseline + 2σ. Dimension B Electrical Restoration: Indicator B1 is the power frequency flashover voltage, threshold ≥38kV(rms), test principle and equipment: portable 100kV power frequency withstand voltage device, pass criterion: 3 averages, an improvement of ≥15% compared to before cleaning; Indicator B2 is the surface leakage current, threshold ≤8µA@25kV, test principle and equipment: airborne leakage current sensor, pass criterion: real-time display, exceeding the standard in any 1 second results in failure; Indicator B3 is the partial discharge quantity, threshold ≤8pC@25kV, test principle and equipment: ground-based ultraviolet imager, pass criterion: corona count ≤5pC; Dimension C: Surface properties: Index C1, static contact angle, threshold ≤30°; testing principle and equipment: miniature water droplet angle meter; pass / fail criterion: 3-point average; Index C2, hydrophobicity grade HC, threshold ≤HC2; testing principle and equipment: water spray grading method; pass / fail criterion: on-site 30s photograph comparison with standard spectrum; Index C3, passivation film formation degree and film resistance, threshold ≥10. 12 Ω·sq -1 Test principle and equipment: Four-probe micro-area surface resistance; pass / fail criterion: minimum value ≥ 10 at any 5 points. 12 Ω; Dimension D, microscopic morphology: Index D1 is roughness Sa, threshold ≤ 0.3µm, testing principle and equipment: white light interferometer, pass criterion: difference ≤ 0.1µm; Index D2 is visible defects, threshold 0 cracks / 0 pieces of missing glaze, testing principle and equipment: 10× magnifying glass + mobile phone macro, pass criterion: crack length ≥ 0.5mm that can be distinguished by the human eye is considered unqualified; Dimension E: Water Quality Closed-Loop Test. Indicator E1 is online water jet resistivity, threshold ≥ 18.2 MΩ·cm. Test principle and equipment: Onboard 4-electrode conductivity cell. Pass / fail criterion: Sampling frequency 10 Hz; if any point < 18.2 MΩ·cm, the test must be stopped immediately. Indicator E2 is waste liquid conductivity, threshold ≤ 0.10 µS·cm. -1 Test principle and equipment: ground waste liquid tank outlet; pass criteria: if the threshold is exceeded, secondary resin adsorption is required before discharge. Dimension F: Operational efficiency: Indicator F1 is the time taken per string, with a threshold of ≤6min. Test principle and equipment: UAV flight control log. Pass criterion: including round-trip hovering time. Indicator F2: Clearance rate, with a threshold of ≥95%. Test principle and equipment: image grayscale method. Pass criterion: mean grayscale value of the cleaned area / baseline area ≥0.

95. The evaluation process requires the core test to be completed on-site within 5 minutes, and the specific steps and content must meet the following requirements: Simultaneous sampling was performed using an onboard dual-channel system. Channel 1 sampled 50 mL of water after 0.22 µm filtration using an EDI return tube, measuring the online water jet resistivity (E1). Channel 2 sampled 2 cm samples from the insulator surface. 2 After patching and sampling, place the sample in a sealed bag and measure A1 and A2. The measured electrical parameters must meet the following requirements: Leakage current B2: 0~20mA range of airborne Hall ring, CAN bus refresh 100ms; Partial discharge B3: Ground ultraviolet imager count, when >5pC, audible and visual alarm and automatic lifting of the UAV 1m are triggered. The surface performance rapid test includes the following: C1+C2: The integrated micro-station completes the "spraying water-taking-comparison" process within 30 seconds; C3: The four-probe probe is embedded in the gimbal quick-release base, with a contact pressure of 0.2N, and the film resistance is read out in 1 second. Microscopic morphology sampling inspection: 1 piece is sampled from every 10 base towers, and the ceramic skirt is directly scanned at 3 points using a white light interferometer. If the Ra difference is >0.1µm, an additional spray is applied for 5 seconds. Data closed loop: All indicators are recorded. If any dimension fails to meet the standard, the "rework mode" is triggered: The drone automatically returns to the area and repeats the "ultrasound + pure water" dual-mode test once. Image grayscale method F2: On-site lighting compensation + HSV color space, grayscale mean to reference area ratio ≥0.95 corresponds to 95% cleaning rate, error <2% compared with laboratory weighing method; solves the pain point of "subjective visual inspection", can automatically generate before and after cleaning comparison images as attachments to maintenance reports.

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