A trochoid-like trajectory machining method and tool
By using a cycloidal trajectory machining method and designing tool geometry parameters and spindle speed ratios, efficient and precise window machining is achieved. This solves the problems of low efficiency, shape distortion, and poor dimensional consistency in traditional methods, thereby improving machining quality and tool life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HARBIN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
Smart Images
Figure CN122172720A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a cycloidal trajectory machining method and cutting tool. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional window structure machining processes typically employ milling, drilling, and wire EDM. These methods generally suffer from the following drawbacks: low machining efficiency, requiring multiple repetitive positioning steps to complete complex contour machining, which can easily lead to distortion of the window contour shape and poor dimensional consistency; especially when dealing with multi-window structures, frequent adjustments to tool position and machining path are necessary, significantly extending the machining cycle time and causing error accumulation due to multiple positioning steps, making it difficult to meet the accuracy and efficiency requirements of mass production. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a cycloidal trajectory machining method, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Determine the workpiece window design parameters and use them as input; Step S2: Calculate the tool geometry parameters and installation positioning parameters based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the secondary cycloidal trajectory; Step S3: Design the tool structure based on the tool geometry parameters; Step S4: After obtaining the tool structure, determine the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece; Step S5: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install the tool on the spindle end, install the workpiece on the rotary table, and set the machining parameters in combination with the speed ratio to establish the tool-workpiece compound motion; Step S6: The target window is obtained by machining the feed motion of the tool.
[0005] Preferably, the workpiece window design parameters in step S1 are workpiece and machining target parameters, specifically including: outer window width. Inner window width outer radius of the workpiece inner radius of the workpiece Target window count .
[0006] Preferably, in step S1, converting the window width into a target central angle includes the central angle corresponding to the outer window width. The central angle corresponding to the width of the inner window The result is obtained by calculation using the following formula: .
[0007] Preferably, step S2 includes: Based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the subcycloidal trajectory, the distance between the workpiece center and the tool center is calculated. Tool radius Blade radius Parameters to ensure they meet the width of the outer window. and inner window width Size requirements; The trajectory of the point on the blade is represented by the following formula: ; The window boundary, which is the intersection of the trajectory and the workpiece arc, is represented by the following formula: ; The corresponding central angles of the outer and inner windows satisfy the following formula: ; Solving the above relationships yields the tool geometry parameters and installation positioning parameters.
[0008] Preferably, step S3 includes: adjusting the tool radius. Blade radius The solution and the number of blades The settings determine the tool shape, blade mounting position, quantity, and the radius of the blade cutting edge, so that the blade edge can form an envelope curve that satisfies the window boundary.
[0009] Preferably, in step S4, to obtain a stable quasi-cycloidal trajectory, the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece satisfies a preset relationship, expressed by the following formula: ; In the formula, For the set tool speed, The set workpiece rotation speed.
[0010] Preferably, step S5 includes: Step S51: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install the tool on the spindle end, so that it is aligned with the spindle. The rotation speed is clockwise; the workpiece is mounted on the turntable, causing it to rotate at a speed of... The rotation speed is counterclockwise, so that the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece meets the preset relationship; Step S52: When setting parameters, the initial distance between the tool center and the workpiece center is greater than [value missing]. To ensure a safe value, maintain the rotational speed ratio constant and slowly feed the tool radially, gradually decreasing the center distance from its initial value until the designed center distance calculated in step S2 is reached. .
[0011] Preferably, step S6 includes: during the radial feed process, when the center distance decreases to a certain value, the cutting edge of the insert contacts the outer circle of the workpiece for the first time, and the cutting process begins. As the tool and the workpiece continue to rotate, the tool gradually feeds, and the arc-shaped cutting edge of the insert sequentially engages with the workpiece surface for cutting, thus increasing the outer window width. and inner window width It gradually increases with feed and rotation; When the center distance reaches the design value When the feed stops, the limit profile formed by the blade envelope is the final outer and inner edges of the window, and the machining is complete.
[0012] A type of cycloidal trajectory cutting tool includes a tool holder, which is connected to a cutting tool via a connecting assembly. The connecting assembly includes a connecting sleeve connected to the tool holder, and the outer periphery of the connecting sleeve is provided with... A connecting rod, the end of which is provided with a connector, and the blade is disposed on the connector.
[0013] Preferably, the blade includes a cross-blade blade and a single-groove blade.
[0014] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) High processing efficiency: Traditional window opening processing usually relies on multiple positioning or complex interpolation paths, which is inefficient; this method utilizes the naturally formed subcycloid trajectory, so that each relative movement of the tool can effectively participate in cutting, without empty cutting action, and the processing cycle is greatly shortened.
[0015] (2) Stable processing quality and accurate hole shape: The subcycloid trajectory has excellent geometric stability. This method avoids the dimensional error caused by random tool tip movement, makes the contours on both sides of the window symmetrical and the size consistency strong, and reduces tool offset and processing vibration, thereby improving the forming accuracy.
[0016] (3) Long tool life: The circular arc spiral blade tool structure makes the tool entry and exit process smoother, reduces impact load and frictional heat, significantly reduces chipping and wear, and improves tool life; double-groove and single-groove blade inserts are suitable for different workpiece materials, making the tool more widely applicable.
[0017] (4) Adjustable machining dimensions and strong adaptability: Through the geometric solution in this method, the tool structure parameters and position parameters can be calculated based on any window size; when the tool structure parameters remain unchanged, the center distance can be changed. L, speed ratio This allows the cutting tools to be matched with the machining requirements of different workpieces.
[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool structure of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a top view of the connection assembly between the cycloidal trajectory machining method and the cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-bladed insert of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a side view of the cross-bladed cutting tool of a cycloidal trajectory machining method according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-cutting edge of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-groove cutting insert of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 9 This is a side view of a single-groove cutting insert of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the single-groove cutting edge of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool according to the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the working assembly of a cycloidal trajectory machining method and a cutting tool of the present invention on a machine tool. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the double rotation of the tool and workpiece during the secondary cycloidal trajectory machining of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the analysis of a subcycloidal trajectory machining method of the present invention and the formation of a subcycloidal motion trajectory by a point on the cutting tool. Reference numerals: 1. Cutting tool; 2. Tool holder; 3. Connecting sleeve; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Connecting head; 6. Blade; 7. Cross-blade blade; 71. Cross-blade edge; 8. Single-groove blade; 81. Single-groove edge; 9. Workpiece; 10. Workpiece window; 11. Spindle end; 12. Turntable; 13. Subcycloidal trajectory. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0022] Example Please see Figures 1-13 This invention provides a cycloidal trajectory machining method suitable for efficient window-opening machining of workpieces such as bearing support frames, shell-like parts, and ring-shaped structures. The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the design parameters of the workpiece window 10 and use these parameters as input. The design parameters of the workpiece window 10 are the parameters of the workpiece 9 and the machining target, specifically including: outer window width. Inner window width 9 Outer radius of workpiece , inner radius of workpiece 9 Target window count .
[0023] The window width can be converted to the target central angle, and the outer window width corresponds to the central angle. The central angle corresponding to the width of the inner window The result is obtained by calculation using the following formula: .
[0024] Step S2: Based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the secondary cycloidal trajectory 13, calculate the geometric parameters and installation positioning parameters of tool 1. Based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the secondary cycloidal trajectory 13, solve for the distance between the center of workpiece 9 and the center of tool 1. Tool radius 1 Blade 6 arc radius Parameters to ensure they meet the width of the outer window. and inner window width Size requirements.
[0025] The trajectory of the point on blade 6 is represented by the following formula: ; The window boundary, which is the intersection of the trajectory and the workpiece's 9-arc, is represented by the following formula: ; The corresponding central angles of the outer and inner windows satisfy the following formula: ; Solving the above relationships yields the geometric parameters and installation positioning parameters of tool 1, thus integrating the machining method with the design of tool 1.
[0026] Step S3: Design the structure of tool 1 based on its geometric parameters. This is determined by the radius of tool 1. Blade 6 arc radius The solution and the number of blades 6 The settings determine the shape of the tool 1, the installation position and quantity of the blade 6, and the radius of the arc of the cutting edge of the blade 6, so that the blade 6 can form an envelope curve that satisfies the window boundary.
[0027] Step S4: After obtaining the structure of tool 1, determine the rotational speed ratio between tool 1 and workpiece 9. To obtain a stable quasi-cycloidal trajectory 13, the rotational speed ratio between tool 1 and workpiece 9 must satisfy a preset relationship, expressed by the following formula: ; In the formula, The set rotational speed of tool 1, The set rotational speed of workpiece 9.
[0028] This speed ratio ensures that the trajectory of the blade 6 remains periodically consistent during the compound rotation, thereby guaranteeing that a complete window is formed in each trajectory cycle and that the windows are evenly distributed along the circumference of the workpiece 9. Furthermore, this relationship also ensures good trajectory closure and stable forming quality, which are key conditions for achieving window machining in this method.
[0029] Step S5: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install tool 1 on the spindle end 11 and workpiece 9 on the rotary table 12. Combined with the speed ratio, set the machining parameters to establish the composite motion of tool 1 and workpiece 9. Specifically, this includes: Step S51: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install the tool 1 on the spindle end 11, so that it is aligned with the spindle end 11. The rotation speed is clockwise; the workpiece 9 is mounted on the turntable 12, causing it to rotate at a speed of... The rotation speed is counterclockwise, so that the speed ratio between the tool 1 and the workpiece 9 meets the preset relationship.
[0030] Step S52: When setting parameters, the initial distance between the center of tool 1 and the center of workpiece 9 is greater than [value missing]. To ensure a safe feed rate, maintain the rotational speed ratio constant and slowly feed tool 1 radially, gradually decreasing the center distance from its initial value until the designed center distance calculated in step S2 is reached. .
[0031] Step S6: The target window is machined by the feed motion of tool 1. During the radial feed process, when the center distance decreases to a certain value, the cutting edge of insert 6 first contacts the outer circle of workpiece 9, and the cutting process begins. As tool 1 and workpiece 9 continue to rotate, tool 1 gradually feeds, and the arc cutting edge of insert 6 sequentially engages with the surface of workpiece 9 to cut the outer opening of the window. and the inner opening of the window The distance gradually increases with feed and rotation. When the center distance reaches the design value... When the feed stops, the limit profile formed by the envelope of the blade 6 is the final outer and inner edges of the window, and the machining is completed.
[0032] A type 13 subcycloidal trajectory cutting tool 1 includes a tool holder 2, which is connected to a blade 6 via a connecting assembly. The blade 6 employs a circular arc spiral cutting edge structure. The connecting assembly includes a connecting sleeve 3 connected to the tool holder 2, and the outer periphery of the connecting sleeve 3 is provided with... Connecting rod 4, in this embodiment The connecting rod 4 has a connector 5 at its end. The blade 6 is mounted on the connector 5. The connector 5 has a specific profile design to provide a precise installation reference for the installation and assembly of the blade 6. The blade 6 is rigidly connected to the tool holder 2.
[0033] The blade 6 includes a cross-cut blade 7 and a single-groove blade 8. The cross-cut blade 7 uses a cross-groove chip removal channel, and the cross-cutting edge 71 has the following structure: Figure 7 As shown, its chip removal channels are interconnected, which effectively prevents chip accumulation and blockage in the machining of soft materials (such as wood, plastic, and aluminum profiles), ensuring stable cutting and smooth chip removal, making it suitable for high-speed continuous cutting scenarios. The single-groove insert 8 is suitable for machining hard materials such as iron and steel. The structure of the single-groove cutting edge 81 is as follows... Figure 10 As shown, brittle short chips generated during the cutting of hard materials are easily broken. The single-groove structure allows the broken chips to be discharged smoothly and is not easy to clog. Compared with the cross-blade, the single-groove insert 8 is more stable and reliable in the machining of hard materials.
[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 11 As shown, the tool 1 and the workpiece 9 rotate in opposite directions, and their rotational speeds are respectively... and The trajectory of any point on blade 6 follows a quasi-cycloid, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the envelope of the trajectory determines the shape and size of the window. This method, by fixing the rotational speed ratio and center distance, ensures that the cutting trajectory is entirely determined by geometric relationships, thereby guaranteeing consistent window shape and stable dimensions.
[0035] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned cycloidal trajectory machining method and tool. By giving a target window size, it can calculate the geometric and motion parameters of the tool and the workpiece, so that the tool trajectory naturally forms the target window profile, greatly improving machining efficiency and dimensional consistency.
[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A cycloidal trajectory machining method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the workpiece window design parameters and use them as input; Step S2: Calculate the tool geometry parameters and installation positioning parameters based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the secondary cycloidal trajectory; Step S3: Design the tool structure based on the tool geometry parameters; Step S4: After obtaining the tool structure, determine the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece; Step S5: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install the tool on the spindle end, install the workpiece on the rotary table, and set the machining parameters in combination with the speed ratio to establish the tool-workpiece compound motion; Step S6: The target window is obtained by machining the feed motion of the tool.
2. The cycloidal trajectory machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece window design parameters in step S1 are the workpiece and machining target parameters, specifically including: outer window width. Inner window width outer radius of the workpiece inner radius of the workpiece Target window count .
3. The method for machining a type of cycloidal trajectory according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step S1 of converting the window width into a target central angle includes the central angle corresponding to the outer window width. The central angle corresponding to the width of the inner window The result is obtained by calculation using the following formula: 。 4. The cycloidal trajectory machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: Based on the geometric relationship between the target window size and the subcycloidal trajectory, the distance between the workpiece center and the tool center is calculated. Tool radius Blade radius Parameters to ensure they meet the width of the outer window. and inner window width Size requirements; The trajectory of the point on the blade is represented by the following formula: ； The window boundary, which is the intersection of the trajectory and the workpiece arc, is represented by the following formula: ； The corresponding central angles of the outer and inner windows satisfy the following formula: ； Solving the above relationships yields the tool geometry parameters and installation positioning parameters.
5. The cycloidal trajectory machining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: measuring the tool radius Blade radius The solution and the number of blades The settings determine the tool shape, blade mounting position, quantity, and the radius of the blade cutting edge, so that the blade edge can form an envelope curve that satisfies the window boundary.
6. The method for machining a type of cycloidal trajectory according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S4, to obtain a stable quasi-cycloidal trajectory, the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece must satisfy a preset relationship, expressed by the following formula: ； In the formula, For the set tool speed, The set workpiece rotation speed.
7. The method for machining a type of cycloidal trajectory according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S5 includes: Step S51: According to the installation and positioning parameters, install the tool on the spindle end, so that it is aligned with the spindle. The rotation speed is clockwise; the workpiece is mounted on the turntable, causing it to rotate at a speed of... The rotation speed is counterclockwise, so that the speed ratio between the tool and the workpiece meets the preset relationship; Step S52: When setting parameters, the initial distance between the tool center and the workpiece center is greater than [value missing]. To ensure a safe value, maintain the rotational speed ratio constant and slowly feed the tool radially, gradually decreasing the center distance from its initial value until the designed center distance calculated in step S2 is reached. .
8. The method for machining a type of cycloidal trajectory according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: during the radial feed process, when the center distance decreases to a certain value, the cutting edge of the insert contacts the outer circle of the workpiece for the first time, and the cutting process begins. As the tool and the workpiece continue to rotate, the tool gradually feeds, and the arc-shaped cutting edge of the insert sequentially engages with the workpiece surface for cutting. The outer window width... and inner window width It gradually increases with feed and rotation; When the center distance reaches the design value When the feed stops, the limit profile formed by the blade envelope is the final outer and inner edges of the window, and the machining is complete.
9. A type of subcycloidal trajectory cutting tool, applied to the subcycloidal trajectory machining method described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The tool holder is connected to the blade via a connecting assembly. The connecting assembly includes a connecting sleeve connected to the tool holder, and the outer periphery of the connecting sleeve is provided with... A connecting rod, the end of which is provided with a connector, and the blade is disposed on the connector.
10. A type of cycloidal trajectory cutting tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: The blades include cross-blade blades and single-groove blades.