Attractants, bait compositions comprising same and uses thereof

Abstract

The present application provides an attractant, a bait composition comprising the same and applications thereof, specifically, the attractant comprises an attractant plant and a chemical attractant, the attractant plant is a main food source for mollusks in a survival state after fermentation. The present application also comprises a bait composition comprising the attractant. The bait composition has a significant killing effect on snails in both indoor and field environments, is simple to operate, greatly reduces the cost, significantly reduces the amount of pyridine urea drugs used, greatly reduces the pollution to the environment and the destruction to the ecology, and can also reduce the risk of drug resistance. The preparation method of the bait composition of the present application is simple, reduces the complexity of snail eradication operation, the cost of snail eradication and environmental protection related problems, meets the requirements of green prevention and control of snail-borne parasitic diseases, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of chemical medicine, and specifically relates to an attractant, a bait composition containing the attractant, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] There are 89 species of mollusks (mainly snails) capable of transmitting parasitic diseases. In some areas, people have the custom of eating raw or undercooked snails, leading to an increasing incidence of snail-borne parasitic diseases in certain regions, with infection rates exceeding 30% of the local population in some areas. Currently, the main snail-borne parasitic diseases are schistosomiasis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, and Fasciolopsis buski infection. Vector-borne parasitic diseases transmitted by snails can be prevented from spreading by effectively controlling snail populations.

[0003] Niclosamide is currently the only molluscicide recommended by the World Health Organization. It has good killing effects on adult snails, juvenile snails, and snail eggs, and its effects are long-lasting. Although niclosamide has low toxicity to humans and animals, it is extremely toxic to aquatic animals, especially fish. Since snails breed in moist water bodies, at effective snail-killing concentrations, it can cause devastating damage to aquatic life.

[0004] The joint publications by the College of Resources and Environment and the College of Life Sciences of Hubei University, titled "Research and Utilization of Food Attractants in Oncomelania hupensis" and "The Effects of Three Food Attractants on Snail Attraction and Their Role in Snail Control," reported the effects of three food attractants (kelp, seaweed, and Sedum sarmentosum) on attracting Oncomelania hupensis. These attractants were then combined with water extracts of the mollusc-controlling plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum to prepare granular molluscicides for snail control experiments. However, the availability of these materials was limited, making field application difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to provide a bait composition with low toxicity and high trapping efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bait composition and its application.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides an attractant comprising an attractant plant and a chemical attractant, wherein the attractant plant is the primary food source for fermented mollusks.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the primary food source includes snail-infested plants.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the primary food source is selected from one or more of wild oats, wild oats, goosegrass, barnyard grass, corn leaves, and corn stalks.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the chemical attractant is selected from one or both of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the attractant contains 98-99.5% of the attractant plant.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the content of the chemical attractant in the attractant is 0.5-2%.

[0012] A second aspect of the invention provides the use of the attractant described in the first aspect of the invention in the preparation of bait compositions.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the bait composition is used to kill mollusks.

[0014] A third aspect of the present invention provides a bait composition comprising a cytotoxic agent, an attractant, and a chemical attractant, wherein the chemical attractant is selected from one or both of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the killing agent is a pyridine urea drug, which includes pyridine urea compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the pyridine urea compound has the structure shown in Formula I:

[0017] I

[0018] in: R is selected from: H, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 halogens.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the content of the pyridine urea drug is 1-10% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the attractant plant is a plant native to the habitat of mollusks.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the content of the attractant plant is 86-98.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the content of the chemical attractant is 0.5-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the bait composition further includes a preservative.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the preservative is selected from one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and chitosan.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the content of the preservative is 0-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the pyridine urea compound is: .

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the content of the pyridine urea drug is 3-8% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the content of the attractant plant is 90-95% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the content of the chemical attractant is 1-1.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the content of the preservative is 0-1% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the attractant plant is a fermented snail-infested environmental plant.

[0032] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a pesticide comprising the bait composition described in the third aspect of the present invention and a pesticide-acceptable carrier; preferably, the pesticide further comprises other molluscicides; preferably, the other molluscicides are selected from one or more of niclosamide, cypermethrin, bud ...

[0033] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling parasites or preventing parasitic diseases, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the bait composition of the third aspect of the present invention or the pesticide of the fourth aspect of the present invention to a vector of the parasite or an environment suffering from the damage caused by the vector; preferably, the vector is a mollusc.

[0034] The sixth aspect of the present invention provides a method for killing mollusks, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the bait composition of the third aspect of the present invention or the pesticide of the fourth aspect of the present invention to the mollusks or to an environment in which the mollusks are present. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 These are the attraction results before and one day after the introduction of blank bait in Example 1.

[0036] Figure 2This is the baiting and killing effect of the attractant in the laboratory of Example 2.

[0037] Figure 3 This is the on-site baiting and killing effect after baiting in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the terms and expressions used in the specification and claims are explained and defined in general below. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0039] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not in any way limit the scope of the invention, that is, the contents of the invention can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0040] In this document, the terms “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” and similar terms encompass the meanings of “basically composed of” and “composed of.” For example, when this document discloses “A contains B and C,” “A is basically composed of B and C” and “A is composed of B and C” should be considered as having been disclosed in this document.

[0041] In this document, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, percentages refer to mass percentages and proportions refer to mass ratios in this article.

[0043] In this document, when describing embodiments or examples, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments or examples. Rather, all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the methods and materials described herein are covered within the scope defined by the claims.

[0044] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0045] the term

[0046] As used herein, "halogenated" or "halogen" refers to elements in Group 17 with atomic numbers 9 to 85. "Halogen" or "halogen atom" refers to F, Cl, Br, and I. "Halogenated" means substituted by an atom selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.

[0047] As used herein, "alkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group having a specified number of carbon atoms. Specifically, alkyl groups are those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl). Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc.

[0048] As used herein, as part of a group or other group, the term "alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms and containing at least one double bond, which is connected to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., C2-alkenyl, C3-alkenyl, C4-alkenyl, C5-alkenyl, C6-alkenyl). Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, propenyl, allyl, butenyl, but-1-alkenyl, but-2-alkenyl, pentenyl, pent-1-alkenyl, pentadienyl, pent-1,4-dienyl, etc.

[0049] As used herein, as part of a group or other group, the term "alkynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (-C≡C-), connected by single bonds to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group contains 2-6 carbon atoms (e.g., C2-alkynyl, C3-alkynyl, C4-alkynyl, C5-alkynyl, C6-alkynyl). Non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, and 2-butynyl.

[0050] As used herein, "cycloalkyl" or "carbocyclic" refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having 3 to 6 cyclic carbon atoms (e.g., C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl). Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.

[0051] As used in this article, "alkoxy" refers to alkyl-O-, and the definition of alkyl is as described above.

[0052] As used in this article, "effective dose" refers to the amount and activity of the vector (e.g., molluscs) of the parasite that is controlled within the required range to achieve the purpose of killing and / or preventing the parasite.

[0053] The inventors unexpectedly discovered a class of pyridine urea drugs that are highly effective at killing snails, have low toxicity to fish and mammals, a wide safety window for field use, and a broad spectrum of molluscicide activity. Based on this, a bait was created by combining pyridine urea drugs with attractants. The attractant lures snails, while the pyridine urea drugs kill them. This bait has a significant snail-killing effect both indoors and in the field. It is simple to use, highly effective, significantly reduces the amount of pyridine urea drugs used, greatly reduces environmental pollution and ecological damage, and also lowers the risk of drug resistance.

[0054] The pyridine urea drugs of the present invention include pyridine urea compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein the pyridine urea compounds have the structure shown in Formula I:

[0055] I

[0056] in: R is selected from: H, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy and C3-C6 cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 halogens.

[0057] In some implementations, the number of Rs on the benzene ring that is substituted by R is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0058] Preferably, R is selected from H, methoxy (such as p-methoxy), fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, methyl, and nitro.

[0059] The attractants of this invention include plant attractants and chemical attractants.

[0060] In this invention, the attractant plant is the primary food source of mollusks in their natural habitat, discovered through indoor screening; preferably, the attractant plant is the primary food source of mollusks in their natural habitat after fermentation. In some embodiments, the primary food source is the primary food source of Oncomelania snails. Preferably, the primary food source is a plant native to the mollusks' habitat; for example, the primary food source of Oncomelania snails can be selected from a wide variety of snail-inhabiting plants. Snail-inhabiting plants can be selected from one or more of wild oats, wild oats, goosegrass, barnyard grass, corn leaves, and corn stalks, preferably one or two of corn stalks and corn leaves, which are widely available and inexpensive. In some embodiments, the attractant plant is a fermented snail-inhabiting plant; preferably, the snail-inhabiting plant is crushed before fermentation.

[0061] In this article, pulverization includes breaking the attractant plant into 1-10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm or 2-3 cm, so that the attractant plant can fully contact the microorganisms during the fermentation process.

[0062] In this document, fermentation involves contacting a fermentation strain with an induced plant, followed by a biochemical reaction at a specific temperature. In some embodiments, the fermentation strain may be selected from one or both of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Lactobacillus*. Preferably, the contact temperature is 10-30°C, for example, 20-25°C. Preferably, the contact time is 12-48 hours, for example, 20-30 hours or 24-36 hours. Preferably, the biochemical reaction takes place at a temperature of 10-30°C, for example, 25-30°C. Preferably, the biochemical reaction takes place for 10-30 days, more preferably 15-20 days.

[0063] In this invention, the molluscs are selected from one or more of snails, slugs, and mollusks; preferably, the mollusks are Oncomelania hupensis.

[0064] In this invention, the chemical attractant is selected from one or both of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate. The mass ratio of ethyl butyrate to ethyl propionate can be (0.001-1000):1, for example (0.01-100):1, (0.1-10):1, (0.5-2):1. Preferably, the amounts of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate in the chemical attractant are the same.

[0065] This invention provides an attractant comprising an attractant plant and a chemical attractant. In some embodiments, the attractant plant comprises 98-99.5%, preferably 98-99%, 98.5-99%, or 98.9-99%. In some embodiments, the chemical attractant comprises 0.5-2%, preferably 1-2%, 1-1.5%, or 1-1.1%.

[0066] This invention also provides the use of the attractant of this invention in the preparation of bait compositions. The attractant of this invention includes both phytoattractant and chemical attractants, both of which can attract mollusks. Therefore, bait compositions containing the attractant of this invention can attract mollusks to be killed, thereby improving the killing efficiency.

[0067] This invention provides a bait composition for attracting and killing mollusks, the bait composition comprising the attractant of this invention and a killing agent. In some embodiments, the killing agent is a molluscicide. Preferably, the killing agent is a pyridine urea drug as described in any embodiment herein. Therefore, the bait composition of this invention comprises: a pyridine urea drug, an attractant plant, and a chemical attractant. The attractant plant acts as a "food attractant" to attract mollusks, the chemical attractant is used to generate an "odor stimulus," and the pyridine urea drug is used to kill the mollusks.

[0068] In this document, the content of the pyridine urea drug is 1-10% based on the total mass of the bait composition, for example, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, or within any range of two values, preferably 2-9%, 2-8%, 2-5%, 3-8%, 3-5%, 5-8%, 3-5%, 2-3%.

[0069] In this document, the content of the chemical attractant is 0.5-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition, for example 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, preferably 1-2%, 0.5-1.5%, 0.5-1%, 1-1.5%, 0.8-1%, 1-1.2%.

[0070] In this document, the content of the attractant plant is 86-98.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition, for example 88%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 98%, preferably 90-98%, 90-95%, 90-93%, 93-95%.

[0071] In this document, the bait composition also includes other additives. These other additives may be selected from those commonly used in the art to assist in the use of bait compositions, such as preservatives. Exemplary preservatives are selected from one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and chitosan, preferably sodium benzoate.

[0072] In some embodiments, the preservative content is 0-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition, for example 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, preferably 0-1%, 1-2%, 0.5-1.5%, 0.5-1%, 1-1.5%.

[0073] In some embodiments, the content of the pyridine urea drug is 3-8% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0074] In some embodiments, the attractant plant content is 90-95% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0075] In some embodiments, the content of the chemical attractant is 1-1.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

[0076] In some embodiments, the content of the preservative is 0-1% based on the total mass of the bait composition; In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises, by total mass, 3-8% pyridine urea, 0.5-1.5% preservative, 0.5-1.5% chemical attractant, and 90-95% attractant plant.

[0077] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises 3% pyridine urea, 1% preservative, 1% chemical attractant, and 95% attractant plant.

[0078] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises 5% pyridine urea, 1% preservative, 1% chemical attractant, and 93% attractant plant.

[0079] In some embodiments, the bait composition comprises 8% pyridine urea, 1% preservative, 1% chemical attractant, and 90% attractant plant.

[0080] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a bait composition, the method comprising mixing the attractant and the killing agent of the present invention, preferably granulating the mixture obtained therefrom.

[0081] pesticide

[0082] The pesticides of the present invention include the bait composition of the present invention and a pesticide-acceptable carrier.

[0083] In some embodiments, the pesticide also includes other molluscicides. These other molluscicides can be commercially available molluscicides, such as niclosamide, Rongbao, Rongya, tea seed molluscicides, and other commercially available plant molluscicides. Rongbao and Rongya are two formulations of molluscicides; Rongbao is a solid with calcium cyanamide as its main component, while Rongya is a liquid with a content of 25% and cyanamide as its main component. Preferably, the other molluscicide is niclosamide.

[0084] In this invention, the pesticide can be a conventional formulation, such as a solution, emulsion, suspension, powder, foam, paste, or granule.

[0085] method

[0086] This invention utilizes snail-infested plants, crushes and ferments them to create attractant plants for food attraction; it employs chemical attractants to generate odor stimulation as a representative signal of food nutrients, stimulating the sensory organs of snails and causing them to move towards the food source to find and feed; the attractant is mixed with pyridine urea drugs in a certain proportion and then granulated to form a mollusc bait. Laboratory and field tests show that the bait composition of this invention has good trapping and killing effects; the bait composition containing 5% pyridine urea drugs achieved a 100% snail-killing rate on days 3, 5, and 7 after application.

[0087] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for controlling parasites or preventing parasitic diseases, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the bait composition or pesticide of the present invention to the vector of the parasite or to an environment suffering from the damage caused by the vector.

[0088] In some implementations, the parasite is selected from one or more of nematodes, tapeworms, and flukes.

[0089] In some implementations, the transmission medium is a mollusc.

[0090] In some implementations, the environment can be indoors or outdoors, such as soil, water bodies, ditches, etc.

[0091] The present invention also provides a method for killing mollusks, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the bait composition of the present invention or the pesticide of the present invention to the mollusks or to the environment in which the mollusks are present.

[0092] The present invention also provides the application of the bait composition and pesticide of the present invention in the killing of mollusks, the definition of which is as described in any embodiment herein.

[0093] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a bait composition consisting of pyridine urea drugs, attractant plants, and chemical attractants. The attractant lures snails, while the pyridine urea drugs kill them. This bait composition exhibits significant snail-killing effects both indoors and in the field. The control operation is simple and cost-effective, significantly reducing the amount of pyridine urea drugs used, thus greatly minimizing environmental pollution and ecological damage, and also reducing the risk of drug resistance. The preparation method of this bait composition is simple, reducing the complexity and cost of snail control and related environmental issues, meeting the requirements of green control of snail-borne parasitic diseases, and is suitable for large-scale application.

[0094] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer.

[0095] In this article, percentages and portions are calculated by weight.

[0096] In this study, SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the experimental data. Comparison of mortality rates between groups was performed using... 2 Test; LC50 of the molluscicide was calculated using the Bliss method. 50 and LC 90 Value. (with p) A value of 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

[0097] In this article, the attractant plant is fermented corn leaves.

[0098] In this article, the fermentation process is as follows: corn leaves are chopped into 2-3 cm pieces to ensure full contact with microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria are activated at room temperature (20-25℃) for 24 hours. The container is then sealed and compacted, and the temperature is controlled at 25-30 degrees Celsius for 15 days of fermentation.

[0099] In this article, pyridine urea drugs are:

[0100] In this article, the preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0101] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Blank Bait

[0102] A blank bait was prepared by mixing 1% preservative, 1% chemical attractant (0.5% ethyl butyrate and 0.5% ethyl propionate), and 98% attractant plants and granulating the mixture using a granulator.

[0103] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of the bait composition of the present invention

[0104] A mixture of preservatives, chemical attractants (ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate), attractant plants, and pyridine urea drugs was prepared. Based on the total mass of the prepared bait compositions, 1% preservative, 0.5% ethyl butyrate, 0.5% ethyl propionate, 3%, 5%, and 8% pyridine urea drugs were added, respectively, with the remainder being attractant plants, to prepare bait 1 (containing 3% pyridine urea drugs), bait 2 (containing 5% pyridine urea drugs), and bait 3 (containing 8% pyridine urea drugs).

[0105] Example 1: Laboratory Induction Experiment

[0106] Take soil from the breeding grounds of Oncomelania snails, dry it, crush it, sift it with a copper wire sieve to get fine soil, pour it into an aluminum basin with an inner diameter of 30 cm, add water and mix well to make a mud basin with a thickness of about 5 cm (the soil moisture content is kept at 40 wt%). Put 60 Oncomelania snails in each basin. After 7 days of acclimatization, it was found that the snails were distributed on the edge of the mud basin, and there were almost no snails outside the edge of 3 cm.

[0107] The blank bait prepared in Example 1 was placed in the center of a basin, and its effect on attracting snails was observed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after placement. The indoor temperature during the experiment was 16-26℃. Figure 1 As shown, the experimental results showed that the attraction rates on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the release of blank bait were 53.33% (32 / 60), 63.33% (38 / 60), 76.67% (46 / 60), and 86.67% (52 / 60), respectively.

[0108] Example 2: Laboratory trapping experiment

[0109] Soil from the breeding grounds of Oncomelania snails was dried, crushed, and sieved through a copper wire sieve to obtain fine soil. The soil was then poured into an aluminum basin with an inner diameter of 30 cm. Water was added and mixed thoroughly to create four mud basins approximately 5 cm thick (the soil moisture content was maintained at 40 wt%). Ninety Oncomelania snails were placed in each of the four basins. After 7 days of acclimatization, the blank bait prepared in Example 1 and the bait combinations (bait 1, bait 2, and bait 3) prepared in Example 2 were evenly placed in the center of each basin. On days 3, 5, and 7, 30 Oncomelania snails from the center of each basin were collected, rinsed repeatedly with clean water, and then revived. After being kept in clean water for one day, the snails were examined by crushing them to determine their survival rate and to evaluate the effectiveness of the snail trapping method.

[0110] Table 1: Laboratory effects of trapping and killing Oncomelania snails

[0111] Example 3: Field Trapping Experiment

[0112] In Yunnan Province, two relatively isolated snail-infested environments with high snail density were selected in Nanjian County and Xiangyun County. A systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling was used to investigate the distribution of Oncomelania snails. Snails were surveyed by setting up frames at 5-meter intervals along ditches and high embankments. Snails were counted on-site in each frame, with a requirement of more than 5 live snails per frame. In Nanjian County, one field ditch and two high embankments were selected, covering an area of ​​approximately 300 square meters. In Xiangyun County, four field ditches in Group 3 of Kangcang Village, Yunnanyi Town, covering an area of ​​96 square meters, were selected, all of which had snail-infested areas. A total of 35 frames were surveyed, with 26 frames containing snails. 218 live snails were captured, representing a snail-infested frame occurrence rate of 74.28% and an average live snail density of 6.23.

[0113] Ten grams each of the blank bait prepared in Example 1 and the bait composition (bait 1, bait 2, and bait 3) prepared in Example 2 were applied every 25 cm along both sides of the ditch and the high embankment. A blank control group without bait application was also included. The effectiveness was assessed 1-7 days after application. Captured snails were brought back indoors, repeatedly rinsed with clean water, and then revived in clean water. One day later, the snails were crushed to determine their survival rate and evaluate the snail-trapping effect. After the observation period, a comprehensive search was conducted to capture all snails in each group, determining the number of snails in each field and ditch. The snail trapping rate was calculated based on the total number of snails, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0114] Table 2: Total number of snails attracted by Oncomelania hupensis and mortality rate 1-7 days after release.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] Herbaceous plants from snail breeding environments, as well as various vegetables and foods sold in farmers' markets and / or supermarkets, were collected and placed in the center of a basin approximately the diameter of the bottom. The snail-attracting effect was observed, and a total of more than 80 kinds of plants (including food) were used in the snail-attracting experiment. The results showed that the snail-attracting effect was better after the vegetation in the snail-infested environment was fermented.

Claims

1. An attractant, characterized in that, The attractant includes attractant plants and chemical attractants, wherein the attractant plants are the main food source for the fermented molluscs in their survival state. Preferably, the main food source is snail-infested plants; preferably selected from one or more of wild oats, wild oats, goosegrass, barnyard grass, corn leaves, and corn stalks; Preferably, the chemical attractant is selected from one or both of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate; Preferably, the attractant contains 98-99.5% of the attractant plant. Preferably, the content of the chemical attractant in the attractant is 0.5-2%.

2. Use of the attractant according to claim 1 in the preparation of the bait composition; Preferably, the bait composition is used to kill mollusks.

3. A bait composition, characterized in that, The bait composition includes a pesticide, an attractant, and a chemical attractant, wherein the chemical attractant is selected from one or both of ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate; Preferably, the killing agent is a pyridine urea drug, which includes pyridine urea compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

4. The bait composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bait composition has one or more of the following characteristics: The pyridine urea compound has the structure shown in Formula I: （I） in: R is selected from: H, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl, wherein the C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 halogens; The content of the pyridine urea drug is 1-10% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The attractant plants are plants found in the habitat of mollusks; The content of the attractant plant is 86-98.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The content of the chemical attractant is 0.5-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

5. The bait composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bait composition also includes a preservative.

6. The bait composition according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preservative is selected from one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, tea polyphenols and chitosan; and / or, the content of the preservative is 0-2% based on the total mass of the bait composition.

7. The bait composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bait composition has one or more of the following characteristics: The pyridine urea compound is: ; The content of the pyridine urea drug is 3-8% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The content of the attractant plant is 90-95% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The content of the chemical attractant is 1-1.5% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The content of the preservative is 0-1% based on the total mass of the bait composition; The attractant plant is a fermented snail-inhabiting environmental plant.

8. A pesticide, characterized in that, The pesticide comprises the bait composition according to any one of claims 3-7, and a pesticide-acceptable carrier; preferably, the pesticide further comprises other molluscicides; preferably, the other molluscicides are selected from one or more of niclosamide, cypermethrin, bud syrup, and tea seed.

9. A method for preventing and controlling parasites or parasitic diseases, characterized in that, The method comprises applying an effective amount of the bait composition of any one of claims 3-7 or the pesticide of claim 8 to the vector of the parasite or an environment suffering from the damage caused by the vector; preferably, the vector is a mollusc.

10. A method for killing mollusks, characterized in that, The method comprises applying an effective amount of the bait composition of any one of claims 3-7 or the pesticide of claim 8 to the mollusc or to the environment in which the mollusc is present.

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