Underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation passage
By designing a multi-stage purification circulation path and a honeycomb panel structure for the purification material filling box, the problems of simple structure and low purification efficiency of existing devices are solved, achieving efficient treatment of waste gas in underground spaces and effectively removing complex gaseous pollutants.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ARMY ENG UNIV OF PLA
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122183268A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of air purification equipment technology, and mainly to an underground space exhaust gas purification device with a multi-stage purification circulation path. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of underground space engineering, the generation and accumulation of exhaust gases due to the unique enclosed or semi-enclosed environment of underground space engineering present numerous problems. The exhaust gases from underground space engineering are complex in composition, containing various gaseous pollutants (such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen, formaldehyde, benzene compounds, volatile organic compounds, etc.) as well as related dust. If not effectively treated, they will not only damage the equipment within the project but also pose a serious threat to human health, such as respiratory diseases, headaches, and nausea. Long-term exposure may also increase the risk of cancer.
[0003] Currently, most underground space engineering exhaust gas purification devices rely on the purification materials filled within the device to adsorb gaseous pollutants or undergo chemical reactions to transform them into harmless substances, theoretically achieving relatively complete removal of gaseous pollutants. However, existing exhaust gas purification devices have many shortcomings. Their structures are often relatively simple, and the gaseous pollutants they can handle cannot completely cover the complex composition of exhaust gases from underground space engineering projects. Furthermore, the effective contact area and contact time between the purification materials and gaseous pollutants are small, significantly reducing purification efficiency. Therefore, we propose an underground space exhaust gas purification device with a multi-stage purification circulation path. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underground space exhaust gas purification device with a multi-stage purification circulation path to solve the shortcomings of existing underground space exhaust gas purification devices, such as simple structure, short flow channel, low purification efficiency, and insufficient ability to adapt to complex pollutants.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This underground space exhaust gas purification device features a multi-stage purification and circulation pathway. The device has an overall rectangular structure, consisting of an exhaust gas intake chamber and an exhaust gas purification chamber arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The exhaust gas intake chamber contains an exhaust gas intake assembly. The exhaust gas purification chamber contains multiple sets of purification components A and B. Evenly distributed sliding rails are installed on the inner side walls of the purification chamber. Purification components A and B are both rectangular drawer-type structures with pull-out guide rails on both sides along their long sides, which slide in conjunction with the sliding rails within the purification chamber. Both purification components A and B have a three-layer hollow structure. Long partitions are arranged vertically at equal intervals in the middle layer of their internal cavities, while short partitions are arranged vertically at equal intervals in the upper and lower layers. Areas spaced apart from adjacent long partitions are used to install purification material filling boxes. Each short partition forms an "S-shaped" airflow loop within each of the exhaust gas purification components A and B.
[0006] The purification component A has an exhaust gas inlet A centered on the left side of its upper surface and an exhaust gas outlet A centered on the right side of its lower surface, and a rubber pad A is also provided on the right side of its upper surface; the purification component B has an exhaust gas inlet B centered on the right side of its upper surface and an exhaust gas outlet B centered on the left side of its lower surface, and a rubber pad B is also provided on the left side of its upper surface.
[0007] The purification material filling box is a rectangular cavity box, including a filling box shell arranged on the outside and a honeycomb plate arranged in the inner cavity of the filling box shell; the top of the honeycomb plate is also provided with a detachable opening cover that matches the filling box shell; an outer cover rubber gasket is also provided at the junction of the detachable opening cover and the top of the filling box shell; granular purification material is disposed inside the honeycomb plate.
[0008] The exhaust gas intake assembly includes a fan installed inside the exhaust gas intake chamber and a polygonal pipe connected thereto; the lower part of the polygonal pipe is connected to the top of the exhaust gas purification chamber; the input end of the fan faces the exhaust gas inlet A; the output end of the fan extends into the interior of the polygonal pipe and is connected to the exhaust gas inlet A in the lower exhaust gas purification chamber.
[0009] The purification components A and B in the exhaust gas purification chamber are arranged alternately and cooperate to form an overall "S-shaped" air duct purification circuit within the exhaust gas purification chamber.
[0010] The first layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber, purification component A, is filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon; the second layer, purification component B, is filled with carbon dioxide adsorbent, carbon dioxide adsorbent, and formaldehyde adsorbent in sequence; the third layer, purification component A, is filled with hydrogen catalyst, hydrogen sulfide adsorbent, and benzene series adsorbent in sequence; the fourth layer, purification component B, is filled with nitric oxide catalyst, nitrogen dioxide adsorbent, and volatile organic compound adsorbent in sequence; and the fifth layer, purification component A, is also filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon.
[0011] The bottom surface of the exhaust gas purification chamber is provided with a centrally arranged louvered grille; the side surface of the exhaust gas intake chamber is provided with a centrally arranged air intake grille.
[0012] The top of the detachable perforated outer cover and the bottom of the filling box shell are both provided with evenly distributed small holes for gas to pass through.
[0013] The purification component A and purification component B are the same size; the exhaust gas inlet A, exhaust gas outlet A, exhaust gas inlet B, and exhaust gas outlet B are all the same size.
[0014] Both purification component A and purification component B have detachable handle panels on their front surfaces.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) In terms of overall structural design, this invention sets up a waste gas purification chamber to concentrate the waste gas generated in underground space engineering into the purification component. Under the negative pressure of the fan, a stable and continuous airflow organization is formed. The waste gas flows through purification component A and purification component B in sequence and comes into full contact with the purification materials filled in each component, realizing orderly graded treatment. Compared with the traditional linear or single-stage purification structure, this device constructs purification component A and purification component B into a mutually cooperating "S-shaped" air duct purification circuit. At the same time, a tortuous flow channel is also formed inside a single purification component, which significantly extends the flow path of the waste gas inside the device. The extension of the airflow path effectively increases the residence time of the waste gas in the purification area and the contact area with the purification material, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and adsorption and reaction efficiency of gaseous pollutants and enhancing the overall purification effect.
[0016] (2) In terms of the composition of the purification unit, the present invention sets up a multi-level purification section in each purification component. Each purification section can be equipped with an independent purification material filling box, which facilitates the material configuration and replacement according to the type of pollutant. Different types of purification materials, such as adsorption materials, catalytic materials or neutralization reaction materials, can be filled in different purification components to form a graded synergistic treatment system. According to the difference in the composition of the exhaust gas in underground space engineering, a variety of purification materials can also be flexibly configured in different filling boxes to achieve directional adsorption or chemical neutralization of specific gaseous pollutants. It can be widely applied to exhaust gas purification scenarios of various underground engineering projects. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waste gas purification chamber structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the exhaust gas intake chamber of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the purification component A of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the purification component B of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the purification component A of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the purification material filling box of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the honeycomb panel inside the purification material filling box of the present invention; Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the exhaust gas purification chamber of the present invention.
[0018] In the diagram: 1. Exhaust gas intake chamber; 2. Exhaust gas purification chamber; 3. Purification component A; 4. Purification component B; 5. Slide rail; 6. Pull-out guide rail; 7. Long partition; 8. Short partition; 9. Purification material filling box; 10. Fan; 11. Polygonal pipe; 12. Louvered grille; 13. Air inlet grille; 14. Handle panel; 31. Exhaust gas inlet A; 32. Exhaust gas outlet A; 33. Rubber pad A; 41. Exhaust gas inlet B; 42. Exhaust gas outlet B; 43. Rubber pad B; 91. Filling box outer shell; 92. Honeycomb panel; 93. Removable perforated outer cover; 94. Outer cover rubber pad; 95. Granular purification material. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0020] First, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" used in describing the structure of this invention are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of description and simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0021] like Figure 1-9 As shown, this is an underground space exhaust gas purification device with a multi-stage purification circulation path. The device has a rectangular structure, consisting of an exhaust gas intake chamber 1 and an exhaust gas purification chamber 2 from top to bottom. The exhaust gas intake chamber 1 contains an exhaust gas intake assembly. The exhaust gas purification chamber 2 contains multiple sets of purification components A3 and B4. Evenly distributed slide rails 5 are provided on the inner sidewalls of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2. Purification components A3 and B4 are both rectangular drawer-type structures, with pull-out guide rails 6 on both sides along their long sides, which slide in conjunction with the slide rails 5 inside the exhaust gas purification chamber 2. Each purification component can be pulled out via the slide rails 5 and pull-out guide rails 6 for easy disassembly, replacement, and maintenance. The purification components A3 and B4... The internal structure consists of three layers of hollow design, with equally spaced vertically arranged long partitions 7 in the middle layer of the internal cavity, and equally spaced vertically arranged short partitions 8 in the upper and lower layers of the cavity. The areas between adjacent long partitions 7 are used to install purification material filling boxes 9. The short partitions 8 can form an "S-shaped" air duct loop in each of the exhaust gas purification components A3 and B4. The purification components A3 and B4 are the same size. The exhaust gas inlet A31, exhaust gas outlet A32, exhaust gas inlet B41, and exhaust gas outlet B42 are all the same size. The front surface of the purification components A3 and B4 is provided with a detachable handle panel 14. The handle panel 14 is connected to the purification component by screws.
[0022] The purification component A3 has a centrally located exhaust gas inlet A31 on the left side of its upper surface and an exhaust gas outlet A32 on the right side of its lower surface. A rubber pad A33 is also located on the right side of its upper surface. Similarly, the purification component B4 has a centrally located exhaust gas inlet B41 on the right side of its upper surface and an exhaust gas outlet B42 on the left side of its lower surface. A rubber pad B43 is also located on the left side of its upper surface. Both rubber pads A33 and B43 are made of nitrile rubber. When adjacent purification components are stacked, they can form a labyrinthine sealing structure with the corresponding grooves on the upper surface of the lower component, effectively preventing leakage of exhaust gas at the gaps between components. The exhaust gas inlet A31 of purification component A3 is connected to the starting end of the air duct formed by the upper short partition 8, which allows the incoming exhaust gas to form a swirling state, improving the contact efficiency with the adsorbent in the purification material filling box 9. Its exhaust gas outlet A32 is connected to the end of the air duct formed by the lower short partition 8, ensuring that the pressure loss during the airflow turning process is controlled within 50Pa. The exhaust gas inlet B41 and exhaust gas outlet B42 of purification component B4 have the same structural design as A3, but the airflow direction is mirrored with A3. When multiple A and B components are stacked alternately, a continuous "S"-shaped three-dimensional purification path can be formed, allowing the exhaust gas to complete multiple deflection purifications in the vertical direction.
[0023] The purification material filling box 9 is a rectangular hollow box, including a filling box shell 91 surrounding the outer perimeter and a honeycomb panel 92 inside the filling box shell 91. The top of the honeycomb panel 92 is also provided with a detachable perforated outer cover 93 that matches the filling box shell 91. An outer cover rubber gasket 94 is also provided at the junction of the detachable perforated outer cover 93 and the top of the filling box shell 91. The honeycomb panel 92 contains granular purification material 95. This honeycomb structure of the purification material filling box increases the effective exposure area of the purification material. Combined with the precise layering of different types of adsorbents and catalysts, it can specifically remove various gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, as well as dust, solving the problem of incomplete pollutant coverage in existing devices. The purification material filling box 9 is filled with granular purification material 95, which, according to the type of waste gas that can be removed, can be filled with carbon monoxide adsorbent, carbon dioxide adsorbent, hydrogen catalyst, hydrogen sulfide adsorbent, formaldehyde adsorbent, nitrogen oxide catalyst, volatile organic compound adsorbent, benzene series adsorbent, etc.
[0024] The exhaust gas intake assembly includes a fan 10 disposed inside the exhaust gas intake chamber 1 and a polygonal pipe 11 connected thereto; the lower part of the polygonal pipe 11 is connected to the top of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2; the polygonal pipe 11 can guide the airflow to form a spiral upward flow pattern to improve the conveying efficiency; the input end of the fan 10 faces the exhaust gas inlet A31; the output end of the fan 10 extends into the interior of the polygonal pipe 11 and is connected to the exhaust gas inlet A31 in the lower exhaust gas purification chamber 2.
[0025] The purification components A3 and B4 within the exhaust gas purification chamber 2 are arranged in an alternating pattern, forming an overall "S-shaped" airflow purification circuit. This "S-shaped" airflow purification circuit creates a double-bent flow trajectory for the exhaust gas within the chamber, extending the flow path by 3-5 times compared to traditional straight flow channels, significantly improving the contact time between the exhaust gas and the purification materials. Here, the number of layers of purification components A3 and B4 can be customized according to specific application scenarios. In this embodiment, it is designed with five layers, and the internal airflow channels are connected to form a back-and-forth bending purification circuit, causing the exhaust gas to flow in a tortuous path within the chamber, thereby extending the flow path and improving the contact time and reaction efficiency between the exhaust gas and various purification materials.
[0026] The first layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2, purification component A3, is filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon; the second layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2, purification component B4, is sequentially filled with carbon dioxide adsorbent, carbon dioxide adsorbent, and formaldehyde adsorbent; the third layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2, purification component A3, is sequentially filled with hydrogen catalyst, hydrogen sulfide adsorbent, and benzene series adsorbent; the fourth layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2, purification component B4, is sequentially filled with nitric oxide catalyst, nitrogen dioxide adsorbent, and volatile organic compound adsorbent; and the fifth layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2, purification component A3, is also filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon.
[0027] The bottom side surface of the exhaust gas purification chamber 2 is provided with a centrally arranged louvered grille 12; the side surface of the exhaust gas intake chamber 1 is provided with a centrally arranged air intake grille 13; the air intake grille 13 can be intelligently controlled by a controller to ensure the airtightness of the exhaust gas intake chamber 1. The top of the detachable perforated outer cover 93 and the bottom of the filling box outer shell 91 are both provided with evenly distributed through holes for gas to pass through.
[0028] The operating steps of this invention are as follows: Step 1: Staff first fill the purification components A3 and B4 with the appropriate purification materials according to the site conditions; Step 2: Move the device into the underground space engineering environment where the gaseous pollutants to be treated are to be located, and then power the device through an external source after moving it to the appropriate location; Step 3: After power is connected, start the fan 10. The fan 10 runs and transmits the gaseous pollutants in the underground space engineering environment through the polygonal pipe 11 to the purification components A3 and B4 in the exhaust gas purification chamber 2 through the air intake grille 13. Step 4: The gaseous pollutants entering the purification components A3 and B4 will pass through various pre-filled purification materials in sequence. The purification materials will specifically adsorb or neutralize different gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas of the underground space project. Finally, the treated gas will be discharged from the louvered grille 11 installed on the exhaust gas purification chamber 2.
[0029] This invention achieves highly efficient treatment of complex waste gases in underground spaces by constructing a multi-stage purification circulation path and staggered drawer-type purification components. Its innovative overall "S-shaped" air duct purification loop design, combined with a secondary "S-shaped" airflow path formed by short partitions inside the purification components, creates a double-twisting flow trajectory for the waste gas within the chamber, extending the flow path by 3-5 times compared to traditional straight flow channels, significantly increasing the contact time between the waste gas and the purification material. Simultaneously, the honeycomb panel structure of the purification material filling box increases the effective exposure area of the purification material. Combined with the precise layered filling of different types of adsorbents and catalysts, it can specifically remove various gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, as well as dust, solving the problem of incomplete pollutant coverage in existing devices. This device has a compact overall structure and significantly improved purification efficiency compared to traditional devices, making it widely applicable to waste gas purification scenarios in various underground engineering projects.
[0030] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. An underground space exhaust gas purification device with a multi-stage purification and circulation path, the device having a rectangular structure, consisting of an exhaust gas intake chamber (1) and an exhaust gas purification chamber (2) arranged from top to bottom; its characteristics are: The exhaust gas intake chamber (1) is equipped with an exhaust gas intake component; the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is equipped with multiple sets of purification components A (3) and purification components B (4) in sequence; the inner side walls of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) are equipped with evenly distributed slide rails (5); the purification components A (3) and B (4) are both rectangular drawer-type structures, and both sides of their long side are equipped with pull-out guide rails (6), which cooperate with the slide rails (5) in the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) to slide; the interior of the purification components A (3) and B (4) are both three-layer hollow structures, and the middle layer of their internal cavity is equipped with long partitions (7) arranged vertically at equal intervals, and the upper and lower layers of the cavity are equipped with short partitions (8) arranged vertically at equal intervals. The area between the adjacent long partitions (7) is used to install purification material filling boxes (9); the short partitions (8) can form an "S-shaped" air duct loop in each of the exhaust gas purification components A (3) and B (4).
2. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification component A (3) has an exhaust gas inlet A (31) centered on the left side of its upper surface, an exhaust gas outlet A (32) centered on the right side of its lower surface, and a rubber pad A (33) centered on the right side of its upper surface; the purification component B (4) has an exhaust gas inlet B (41) centered on the right side of its upper surface, an exhaust gas outlet B (42) centered on the left side of its lower surface, and a rubber pad B (43) centered on the left side of its upper surface.
3. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification material filling box (9) is a rectangular cavity box, including a filling box shell (91) set on the outer perimeter, and a honeycomb plate (92) set in the inner cavity of the filling box shell (91); the top of the honeycomb plate (92) is also provided with a detachable opening cover (93) that matches the filling box shell (91); an outer cover rubber pad (94) is also provided at the junction of the detachable opening cover (93) and the top of the filling box shell (91); granular purification material (95) is provided inside the honeycomb plate (92).
4. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas intake assembly includes a fan (10) installed inside the exhaust gas intake chamber (1) and a polygonal pipe (11) connected thereto; the lower part of the polygonal pipe (11) is connected to the top of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2); the input end of the fan (10) faces the exhaust gas inlet A (31); the output end of the fan (10) extends into the interior of the polygonal pipe (11) and is connected to the exhaust gas inlet A (31) in the lower exhaust gas purification chamber (2).
5. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification components A (3) and B (4) in the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) are arranged in an alternating manner and cooperate to form an overall "S-shaped" air duct purification circuit in the exhaust gas purification chamber (2).
6. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon in the purification component A (3); the second layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is filled with carbon dioxide adsorbent, carbon dioxide adsorbent and formaldehyde adsorbent in sequence in the purification component B (4); the third layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is filled with hydrogen catalyst, hydrogen sulfide adsorbent and benzene series adsorbent in sequence in the purification component A (3); the fourth layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is filled with nitric oxide catalyst, nitrogen dioxide adsorbent and volatile organic compound adsorbent in sequence in the purification component B (4); the fifth layer of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is also filled with molecular sieves and activated carbon in the purification component A (3).
7. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom side surface of the exhaust gas purification chamber (2) is provided with a centrally arranged louvered grille (12); the side surface of the exhaust gas intake chamber (1) is provided with a centrally arranged air intake grille (13).
8. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation path according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the detachable perforated outer cover (93) and the bottom of the filling box outer shell (91) are both provided with evenly distributed small holes for gas to pass through.
9. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation channels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The purification components A (3) and B (4) are the same size; the exhaust gas inlet A (31), exhaust gas outlet A (32), exhaust gas inlet B (41), and exhaust gas outlet B (42) are all the same size.
10. The underground space exhaust gas purification device with multi-stage purification circulation path according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front surfaces of both purification component A (3) and purification component B (4) are provided with detachable handle panels (14).