A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance and high precision powder control function and a production method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a laser nozzle with high heat conduction, high wear resistance and high precision powder control function and a production method thereof. The laser nozzle comprises a nozzle body and an internal channel structure. The channel structure is composed of a main channel located at the shaft center and four powder channels uniformly distributed in the circumference. The nozzle body is composed of a metal copper base and a ceramic composite material layer. The ceramic composite material layer covers the inner hole surface. The inner hole is curved and gradually changes from thick to thin. The inner hole is provided with micron-level spiral texture, DLC anti-adhesion coating and nano WC particle reinforcement. The base is embedded in a nano silver particle reinforcement layer. The outer surface is provided with a micro-channel heat dissipation structure. A gradient composite layer is arranged between the base and the ceramic layer. The application significantly improves the inner hole smoothness, wear resistance and powder control precision. The heat conduction performance is greatly improved. The thermal stability is enhanced. The service life is prolonged. The powder utilization rate is improved. The application is suitable for the fields of high-precision laser cladding and additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser nozzle technology, specifically to a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology, as an advanced surface modification and additive manufacturing method, is widely used in mold repair, wear-resistant coatings for shaft parts, and reinforcement of aerospace components. Its core lies in melting the substrate surface with a laser beam while simultaneously delivering powder material, forming a metallurgically bonded, high-performance coating. The laser nozzle is a key component for achieving precise powder delivery, directly affecting powder aggregation, utilization rate, coating quality, and equipment stability.

[0003] The closest existing technology to this invention is the traditional coaxial or off-axis powder-feeding laser nozzle, typically made of stainless steel with a four-channel structure. To achieve high-precision powder control, the diameter of the powder outlet is generally controlled at 1-2 mm, and the inner hole needs to be designed as curved, gradually tapering from coarse to fine, to optimize the powder flow trajectory, reduce turbulence, and improve powder aggregation accuracy. This structure places extremely high demands on the smoothness of the inner hole wall, the accuracy of the hole position, and the consistency of the hole shape.

[0004] However, existing technologies employing traditional machining methods (such as CNC drilling, wire cutting, and electrical discharge machining) or simple casting / welding methods have the following main drawbacks and shortcomings: High inner hole wall roughness: Traditional processing makes it difficult to achieve an ultra-smooth surface with Ra≤0.1μm. The roughness of the inner hole wall increases the powder flow resistance, makes it easy to adhere and clog, resulting in low powder utilization and increased risk of powder erosion and wear, affecting powder control accuracy and coating uniformity.

[0005] Low hole shape and position accuracy, unable to 100% replicate design drawings: The complex geometry of the curved and gradient inner hole is limited by the rigidity of traditional cutting tools and the machining path, which easily leads to deviations. The uneven distribution of the four powder channels results in asymmetrical powder flow, offset of the convergence point, and poor powder flow rate control accuracy, ultimately causing uneven coating thickness, high dilution rate, or increased defects.

[0006] The material's strength and durability are severely insufficient: the thermal conductivity of 304 / 316 stainless steel is only about 13-16 W / m·K. In high-power laser processing, the local temperature of the nozzle rises rapidly, leading to thermal deformation, thermal fatigue cracking, and changes in the internal hole size, resulting in a short service life. In addition, stainless steel has low hardness and is easily worn under high-speed powder erosion, further shortening its lifespan.

[0007] Poor thermal conductivity leads to overall performance degradation: Due to the low thermal conductivity of the material, heat is difficult to dissipate quickly, and the nozzle is prone to overheating during continuous operation, affecting powder flow stability, laser beam quality, and equipment reliability. Although some existing technologies use water or air cooling as auxiliary cooling, the small nozzle size makes it difficult to integrate an effective cooling system, resulting in significant thermal runaway problems.

[0008] In summary, existing laser nozzles have significant bottlenecks in terms of high-precision powder control, wear resistance, durability, and high thermal conductivity, which limit the promotion and development of advanced applications such as ultra-high-speed laser cladding and high-precision additive manufacturing. There is an urgent need for a new type of high-performance laser nozzle and its manufacturing method to overcome these shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing laser nozzles in terms of inner hole smoothness, hole shape and position accuracy, inner hole strength and durability, and thermal conductivity.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this invention is as follows: a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, comprising a nozzle body and a channel structure disposed within the nozzle body. The channel structure includes a main channel located at the axis and four powder channels. The main channel is used for laser transmission, and the four powder channels are used for powder conveying and are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the main channel. The nozzle body is composed of a copper substrate and a ceramic composite material layer. The ceramic composite material layer covers the surface of the inner hole, which is curved and gradually tapers from coarse to fine, with a powder outlet diameter of 1-2 mm. The thickness of the ceramic composite material layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the thermal conductivity of the copper substrate is 380-450 W / m·K. This technical solution provides a high thermal conductivity base through the copper substrate and enhances the wear resistance of the inner hole using the ceramic composite material layer, achieving a high-precision gradient structure of the inner hole, ensuring uniform and precise control of powder conveying.

[0011] In a preferred example, the ceramic composite layer is a zirconia-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composite material with a Vickers hardness of 2000-3000 HV and a surface roughness Ra of 0.01-0.1 μm. This configuration, through the selection of high-hardness ceramic reinforcement materials and control of surface roughness, reduces the wear rate of the inner pores under powder erosion, improves the smoothness of the inner pore surface, thereby reducing powder flow resistance and ensuring the stability of powder delivery.

[0012] In a preferred example, the curved structure of the inner hole includes a helical gradient section with a helical angle of 15-30 degrees. This design optimizes the powder trajectory through helical gradient, reduces turbulence and asymmetric distribution, achieves powder flow rate control accuracy of ±5%, improves powder utilization, and reduces the incidence of coating defects.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a nano-silver particle reinforcement layer is embedded in the copper substrate, with the particle volume accounting for 1-5%. This reinforcement layer, through the embedding of the nano-silver particles, improves the thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance of the substrate, reducing the risk of thermal stress and oxidative corrosion.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the nozzle body is provided with a microchannel heat dissipation structure, with a channel width of 0.2-0.5 mm and a depth of 0.1-0.3 mm. This structure promotes rapid heat dissipation through microchannel design, improves overall thermal stability, and ensures reliable continuous operation.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, nano-WC particles are embedded in the ceramic composite layer, with a particle volume percentage of 1-3% and a Vickers hardness of 2500-3500 HV; and the inner pore surface is covered with a DLC anti-adhesion coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm and a surface friction coefficient of 0.05-0.1. This composite configuration enhances hardness through nano-WC particles and reduces friction through a DLC coating, further improving the wear resistance and anti-adhesion properties of the inner pore, reducing the risk of powder clogging, and improving powder control accuracy and powder flow efficiency.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a gradient composite layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and a gradually varying copper content is disposed between the copper substrate and the ceramic composite layer; the inner pore surface is provided with a micron-level spiral texture with a texture depth of 0.01-0.05 mm and a spiral angle of 10-20 degrees. This gradient layer and microtexture design reduce the risk of thermal stress cracking through the gradient interface, optimize the powder flow path, improve the interfacial bonding strength and powder distribution uniformity, and ensure the long-term stability of high-precision powder control.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for producing a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a copper substrate and ceramic composite powder; (2) using a high-precision laser near-net forming process, depositing the ceramic composite powder onto the inner surface of the copper substrate at room temperature in an inert gas protective environment to form a composite layer; (3) combining a supersonic 3D powder forming process to form the nozzle channel structure in one step, including a central main channel and four circumferentially distributed powder channels, ensuring a curved gradient of the inner hole and a powder outlet diameter of 1-2 mm; (4) performing surface finishing after forming, without the need for additional CNC precision finishing. This method achieves multi-material one-time composite forming by combining laser near-net forming and supersonic 3D powder forming, ensuring high precision and smoothness of the inner hole.

[0018] In a preferred example, the inert gas is argon or high-purity nitrogen, with a working pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa; an auxiliary helium mixture is introduced in step (2) at a flow rate of 2-5 L / min; the laser power of the high-precision laser net-close forming process is 500-1500 W, the scanning speed is 5-20 mm / s, and the powder feeding rate is controlled at 2-10 g / min. This process parameter configuration, through inert gas protection and auxiliary gas optimization, prevents material oxidation, improves deposition efficiency and composite layer uniformity, and ensures controllable forming accuracy.

[0019] In a preferred example, the powder jetting speed of the supersonic 3D powder forming process is 300-600 m / s, the forming temperature is controlled at 20-30℃, and the inner hole accuracy is monitored in real time during the forming process, with the deviation controlled within ±0.01 mm; in step (3), real-time laser power adjustment is adopted, with a power range of 800-1200 W, based on inner hole temperature feedback control; after step (4), vacuum heat treatment is added at a temperature of 200-400℃ for 1-2 hours. This configuration, through real-time monitoring and heat treatment optimization, reduces thermal deformation and residual stress, ensures improved inner hole accuracy and material durability, and enhances the reliability and repeatability of the production method.

[0020] Specifically, through the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention achieves a comprehensive improvement in the smoothness of the inner hole, the accuracy of the hole shape and position, the strength and durability of the inner hole, and the thermal conductivity, breaking through the limitations of traditional processing methods and is applicable to the fields of high-precision laser cladding and additive manufacturing.

[0021] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, by using a high thermal conductivity copper matrix and a zirconium oxide-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composite material layer to form the nozzle body in one step and covering the inner hole surface, the overall thermal conductivity of the part is significantly improved. Even without an external cooling system, the working temperature can be effectively controlled within the range of 150-250℃. This solves the problem of thermal exhaustion and overheating deformation of parts caused by insufficient thermal conductivity in the prior art, and greatly extends the service life of the nozzle.

[0022] 2. In this invention, the channel structure is designed as a combination of a central main channel and four circumferentially distributed powder channels. The inner hole has a gradually changing curved shape from coarse to fine and includes a spiral transition section. Combined with micron-level spiral texture to optimize the powder flow trajectory, the powder flow rate control accuracy reaches ±5% and the powder distribution uniformity is >95%. This significantly improves the laser nozzle's ability to accurately control the amount of powder, effectively saving more than 20% of powder usage. It solves the problems of poor powder control accuracy and serious waste caused by low orifice shape and position accuracy and uneven powder flow in traditional nozzles.

[0023] 3. In this invention, a process combining high-precision laser net-close forming and supersonic 3D powder forming is adopted to form complex four-channel structures and curved gradient inner holes in one step under normal temperature and inert gas protection environment. The forming accuracy deviation is low and no subsequent CNC precision machining is required. At the same time, through measures such as gradient composite layer, nano silver particle reinforcement, real-time power adjustment and vacuum heat treatment, the bonding of multi-material interfaces is ensured to be firm and crack-free. This breaks through the technical bottleneck of high-precision, multi-material integrated forming that is difficult to achieve by traditional processes. It has high production efficiency, low cost and good repeatability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label: 100. Nozzle body; 110. Main channel; 120. Powder channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0027] It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-3 This invention describes a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, and its manufacturing method, provided by some embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Implementation of the structure of a laser nozzle This invention provides a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, comprising a nozzle body 100 and a channel structure disposed within the nozzle body 100. The channel structure includes a main channel 110 located at the axis and four powder channels 120. The main channel 110 is used for laser transmission, and the four powder channels 120 are used for powder transport and are evenly distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the main channel 110. The nozzle body 100 is composed of a copper substrate and a ceramic composite material layer. The ceramic composite material layer covers the surface of the inner hole, which is curved and gradually tapers from coarse to fine, with a powder outlet diameter of 1-2 mm. Specifically, the powder outlet diameter is 1.5 mm. The thickness of the ceramic composite material layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, preferably 1 mm; the thermal conductivity of the copper matrix is ​​380-450 W / m·K, for example, using high-purity copper material, the thermal conductivity is 400 W / m·K.

[0030] The ceramic composite layer is made of zirconia-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composite material with a Vickers hardness of 2000-3000 HV, for example 2200 HV, and a surface roughness Ra of 0.01-0.1 μm, for example 0.01 μm, 0.02 μm, 0.03 μm, 0.04 μm, 0.05 μm, 0.06 μm, 0.07 μm, 0.08 μm, 0.09 μm, 0.1 μm, preferably 0.05 μm. This material, through high-hardness ceramic reinforcement and surface roughness control, reduces the wear rate of the inner pores under powder erosion, thereby improving the stability of powder conveying.

[0031] The curved structure of the inner hole includes a spiral gradient section with a spiral angle of 15-30 degrees, such as 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 degrees, preferably 20 degrees. This design optimizes the powder flow trajectory, reduces turbulence and asymmetric distribution, and achieves a powder flow rate control accuracy of ±5%. For example, in actual testing, the powder flow rate fluctuation does not exceed ±3%. Four powder channels (120) are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the main channel 110, with an angle of 90 degrees between each channel, ensuring uniform powder delivery.

[0032] The copper substrate is embedded with a nano-silver particle reinforcement layer, with the particle volume accounting for 1-5%, for example 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, preferably 3%. This reinforcement layer improves the thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance of the substrate, reducing the risk of thermal stress and oxidation corrosion in high-temperature laser processing environments.

[0033] The outer surface of the nozzle body 100 is provided with a microchannel heat dissipation structure. The channel width is 0.2-0.5 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm; the depth is 0.1-0.3 mm, for example, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.3 mm, preferably 0.2 mm. This structure promotes heat dissipation, and under conditions without external cooling, the operating temperature can be stably maintained within the range of 150-250℃, for example, 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, 180℃, 190℃, 200℃, 210℃, 220℃, 230℃, 240℃, or 250℃, preferably 200℃, thereby improving overall thermal stability.

[0034] Furthermore, nano-WC particles are embedded in the ceramic composite material layer, with a particle volume percentage of 1-3%, such as 1%, 2%, or 3%, preferably 2%, and a Vickers hardness of 2500-3500 HV, such as 2600 HV. Simultaneously, the inner pore surface is covered with a DLC (diamond-like carbon) anti-adhesion coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm, such as 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.3 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, and a surface friction coefficient of 0.05-0.1, such as 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.1, preferably 0.08. This coating reduces friction, decreases the risk of powder adhesion and clogging, and improves powder control accuracy and powder flow efficiency.

[0035] A gradient composite layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm, such as 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, or 0.5 mm, preferably 0.3 mm, is provided between the copper substrate and the ceramic composite layer. The copper content gradually decreases (from 100% copper on the substrate side to 0% copper on the ceramic side). This gradient layer reduces interfacial thermal stress and improves bonding strength. The inner pore surface has a micron-level spiral texture with a texture depth of 0.01-0.05 mm, such as 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.04 mm, or 0.05 mm, preferably 0.03 mm; and a spiral angle of 10-20 degrees, such as 10 degrees, 12 degrees, 14 degrees, 15 degrees, 16 degrees, 18 degrees, or 20 degrees, preferably 15 degrees. This texture optimizes the powder flow path and improves powder distribution uniformity by over 95%.

[0036] In practical applications, this laser nozzle can be used in laser cladding or 3D printing equipment. It transmits laser light through the main channel 110, while four powder channels 120 simultaneously deliver metal powder, achieving high-precision powder control. Compared to traditional stainless steel nozzles, the nozzle in this embodiment exhibits significantly improved inner hole smoothness, a precision deviation of less than 0.01 mm, and a markedly improved thermal conductivity.

[0037] Example 2: Implementation of a laser nozzle manufacturing method This invention also provides a method for producing laser nozzles with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare a copper substrate and a ceramic composite powder. The copper substrate is a high-purity copper rod or plate with a purity ≥99.9%; the ceramic composite powder is a zirconia-reinforced silicon carbide powder with a particle size of 10-50 μm, such as 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, preferably 30 μm, and premixed with nano-WC particles with a volume ratio of 1-3%, such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, preferably 2%, and nano-silver particles with a volume ratio of 1-5%, such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, preferably 3%.

[0038] (2) A high-precision laser near-net-shape forming process is used to deposit ceramic composite powder onto the inner surface of a copper substrate at room temperature under an inert gas protective environment to form a composite layer. The inert gas is argon or high-purity nitrogen, with a working pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa, preferably 0.3 MPa. An auxiliary helium mixture is introduced in this step at a flow rate of 2-5 L / min, preferably 3 L / min, to improve powder deposition efficiency and prevent oxidation. The laser power of the high-precision laser near-net-shape forming process is 500-1500 W, preferably 1000 W; the scanning speed is 5-20 mm / s, preferably 10 mm / s; and the powder feeding rate is controlled at 2-10 g / min, preferably 5 g / min. This process achieves a uniform composite layer thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, while simultaneously forming a gradient composite layer (thickness 0.2-0.5 mm).

[0039] (3) Combining the supersonic 3D powder forming process, the channel structure of the one-time forming nozzle includes a central main channel (110) and four circumferentially distributed powder channels (120) to ensure that the inner hole has a curved gradient and the powder outlet diameter is 1-2 mm, specifically: 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, preferably 1.5 mm. The powder spraying speed of the supersonic 3D powder forming process is 300-600 m / s, preferably 450 m / s; the forming temperature is controlled at 20-30℃, preferably 25℃. The inner hole accuracy is monitored in real time during the forming process, and the deviation is controlled within ±0.01 mm. At the same time, real-time laser power adjustment is adopted, with a power range of 800-1200W, for example, based on the inner hole temperature feedback control at 1000W, to reduce thermal deformation and improve forming accuracy. This step can also form a micron-level spiral texture on the surface of the inner hole, with a depth of 0.01-0.05 mm, preferably 0.03 mm, and a spiral angle of 10-20 degrees, preferably 15 degrees.

[0040] (4) After forming, the surface is smoothed, such as by laser polishing or chemical polishing, so that the surface roughness Ra is 0.01-0.1μm, preferably 0.05μm. Then, a DLC anti-adhesion coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm, preferably 0.2mm, is applied to the surface of the inner hole by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

[0041] (5) After step (4), a vacuum heat treatment is added at a temperature of 200-400℃, preferably 300℃, for 1-2 hours, preferably 1.5 hours, to relieve residual stress and improve the durability of the material. The heat treatment is carried out in a vacuum environment of 10⁻³ Pa.

[0042] This production method operates at room temperature under inert gas protection, ensuring that the copper metal does not oxidize, and requires no secondary processing in a single forming process. Compared with traditional methods, this method offers higher forming precision, and significantly improves the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of the product. In actual production, this method can be mass-produced, with a single-piece forming time of no more than 30 minutes.

[0043] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, characterized in that, The device includes a nozzle body (100) and a channel structure disposed within the nozzle body (100). The channel structure includes a main channel (110) and a powder channel (120). The main channel (110) is used for laser transmission. The nozzle body (100) is composed of a copper substrate and a ceramic composite material layer. The ceramic composite material layer covers the surface of the inner hole, which is curved and gradually changes from coarse to fine. The diameter of the powder outlet hole is 1-2 mm. The thickness of the ceramic composite material layer is 0.5-1.5 mm. The thermal conductivity of the copper substrate is 380-450 W / m·K.

2. The laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control function according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is one main channel (110) located at the axis, and there are four powder channels (120) evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the main channel (110) along the circumferential direction; The curved structure of the inner hole includes a spiral gradient section with a spiral angle of 15-30 degrees.

3. The laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic composite layer is made of zirconia-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic composite material with a Vickers hardness of 2000-3000 HV and a surface roughness Ra of 0.01-0.1 μm.

4. A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The copper matrix is ​​embedded with a nano-silver particle reinforcement layer, with the particle volume accounting for 1-5%.

5. A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle body (100) has a microchannel heat dissipation structure on its outer surface, with a channel width of 0.2-0.5 mm and a depth of 0.1-0.3 mm.

6. A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic composite material layer is embedded with nano-WC particles, the particle volume ratio is 1-3%, and the Vickers hardness is 2500-3500HV; and the inner hole surface is covered with a DLC anti-adhesion coating with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm and a surface friction coefficient of 0.05-0.

1.

7. A laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A gradient composite layer with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm and a gradually varying copper content is provided between the copper substrate and the ceramic composite material layer; the inner hole surface is provided with a micron-level spiral texture with a texture depth of 0.01-0.05 mm and a spiral angle of 10-20 degrees.

8. A method for producing a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Prepare copper substrate and ceramic composite powder; (2) Using a high-precision laser net-close forming process, ceramic composite powder is deposited on the inner surface of a metallic copper substrate at room temperature in an inert gas protective environment to form a composite layer; (3) Combining the supersonic 3D powder forming process, the channel structure of the one-time forming nozzle includes the main channel (110) on the axis and four powder channels (120) evenly distributed around the circumference, with the inner hole curved and the powder outlet diameter being 1-2 mm.

9. The method for producing a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inert gas is argon or high-purity nitrogen, and the working pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa; In step (2), an auxiliary helium gas mixture is introduced at a flow rate of 2-5 L / min; the laser power of the high-precision laser net-close forming process is 500-1500 W, the scanning speed is 5-20 mm / s, and the powder feeding rate is controlled at 2-10 g / min.

10. The method for producing a laser nozzle with high thermal conductivity, high wear resistance, and high-precision powder control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The supersonic 3D powder forming process has a powder spraying speed of 300-600m / s, a forming temperature of 20-30℃, and real-time monitoring of the inner hole accuracy during the forming process, with the deviation controlled within ±0.01mm. In step (3), real-time laser power adjustment is used, with a power range of 800-1200W, based on the internal hole temperature feedback control; After step (4), a vacuum heat treatment is added at a temperature of 200-400℃ for 1-2 hours.

Images