A hydraulic structure of a multiple energy dissipation system of a revetment project

Abstract

The application relates to a water conservancy structure of a multiple energy dissipation system of a revetment engineering, which comprises a water bank body, a floating frame, an expansion component, a water flow damping mechanism, a position-limiting moving component and a buffer wave dissipation mechanism; the water bank body comprises a slope surface connected with the ground and a base layer arranged on the water bottom; the floating frame adopts a floating structure, the bottom of the floating frame is arranged on the base layer through a plurality of expansion components, the expansion components are expanded or contracted along the vertical direction for supporting the floating frame floating with the water level change and reducing the wave impact on the floating frame in the vertical direction; the water flow damping mechanism is connected with the expansion component through the position-limiting moving component, the position-limiting moving component is used for moving the water flow damping mechanism back and forth along the direction perpendicular to the water bank extension direction, and the water flow damping mechanism is used for providing damping for the water flow impact below the water surface; the buffer wave dissipation mechanism is arranged on the top of the floating frame and is used for reducing the water surface wave impact. The application disperses and absorbs the water flow impact, buffers the wave force, reduces the soil erosion on the inner side, and enhances the stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bank protection engineering technology, and in particular to a hydraulic structure of a multi-energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Bank protection structures are widely used protective facilities in water conservancy, shipping, and waterfront engineering. They are mainly used to resist water flow, wave erosion, and soil erosion, and to ensure the stability of bank slopes and the safety of adjacent buildings. They are generally used in the banks of large reservoirs and lakes. Common forms of traditional bank protection structures include masonry revetments, concrete slab revetments, gabion stone cages, and pile foundation revetments. The core of their design lies in achieving erosion resistance, seepage prevention, and overall stability through material strength and structural form, while also taking into account a certain degree of ecological and environmental harmony.

[0003] While rigid concrete slab structures offer strong erosion resistance, they have poor adaptability to foundation deformation. Continuous water impact can loosen the soil, leading to uneven settlement and misalignment of the rigid concrete slabs, thus reducing their protective effect. Secondly, traditional masonry and gabion structures are prone to block displacement and filler loss under long-term scouring by strong water flows, weakening the integrity and durability of the revetment. Furthermore, strong currents can concentrate wave energy, causing soil loss on the inner support of the structure and potentially leading to bottom erosion, which can also affect slope vegetation growth and aquatic habitats.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a hydraulic structure for a bank protection project with multiple energy dissipation systems is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a hydraulic structure of a multi-energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering, which can efficiently disperse and absorb the impact energy of water flow, buffer wave force to reduce erosion of the soil on the inner side of the bank body, prevent soil and water loss under the impact of strong water flow, and enhance the stability of the bank protection.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A hydraulic structure for a multi-energy dissipation system of a bank protection project includes a bank body, a floating frame, telescopic components, a flow damping mechanism, a limiting and moving component, and a wave-damping mechanism. The bank body includes a slope connected to the ground and a base layer set at the bottom of the water. The floating frame adopts a floating structure, and its bottom is set at the base layer through several telescopic components. The telescopic components can extend and retract vertically to support the floating frame that floats with changes in water level and to reduce the wave impact on the floating frame in the vertical direction. The flow damping mechanism is connected to the telescopic components through the limiting and moving components. The limiting and moving components are used to allow the flow damping mechanism to move back and forth along a direction perpendicular to the extension of the bank. The flow damping mechanism is used to dampen the impact of water flow below the water surface. The wave-damping mechanism is set at the top of the floating frame to reduce the impact of waves on the water surface.

[0007] Furthermore, two telescopic components set along the direction of the waterfront extension form a group, and several groups of telescopic components are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the waterfront extension; the two sides of the water flow damping mechanism are movably connected to the two telescopic components in the same group through limit moving components.

[0008] Furthermore, the telescopic assembly includes a fixed rod, a movable cylinder, and a first spring member; the fixed rod is fixed vertically to the base layer of the waterfront body, and a limiting protrusion is provided at the top of the fixed rod; the movable cylinder is movably sleeved on the outside of the fixed rod; the first spring member is disposed between the limiting protrusion and the bottom of the movable cylinder, and the first spring member can extend and retract vertically; the floating frame is fixed to the top of the movable cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the limiting and moving assembly includes a fixed base, a first guide rod, and a second spring member; one or more first guide rods pass vertically through the water flow damping mechanism, and both ends of the first guide rods are fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the movable cylinder by the fixed base; the second spring member is connected between the water flow damping mechanism and the end of the first guide rod near the slope, and the second spring member can extend and retract along the axial direction of the first guide rod; the water flow damping mechanism slides along the first guide rod under the impact of underwater water flow and the elastic force of the second spring member.

[0010] Furthermore, the water flow damping mechanism includes a damping plate, a positioning shaft, and several movable damping blocks; both the damping plate and the movable damping blocks are provided with cavities communicating with their own bottoms; the damping plate is movably connected to the first guide rod, and the middle part of the damping plate is provided with a through groove along the axis of the first guide rod; the positioning shaft is located at the top of the cavity, and both ends of the positioning shaft are fixed to the damping plate; the tops of the several movable damping blocks are rotatably connected to the positioning shaft, and the movable damping blocks can rotate around the positioning shaft within the cavity of the damping plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the wave-damping mechanism includes side stabilizing rods, second guide rods, a front buffer mechanism, and a rear buffer mechanism; several side stabilizing rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the floating frame, with two or more side stabilizing rods arranged on each side along the direction perpendicular to the waterfront extension; one or more second guide rods can slide through all the side stabilizing rods on the same side and extend out at both ends; the extended end of the second guide rod away from the slope is connected to the front buffer mechanism, which can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod; the extended end of the second guide rod near the slope is provided with a limiting block; one or more rear buffer mechanisms are connected to the second guide rod between two connected side stabilizing rods, which can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the front buffer mechanism includes a fixed side rod, a front wave-dissipating guide plate, and a third spring member; the fixed side rod is fixedly connected to the extended end of the second guide rod; the third spring member is sleeved on the second guide rod, one end of the third spring member is connected to the fixed side rod, and the other end of the third spring member is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod; one or more front wave-dissipating guide plates are arranged in parallel along the vertical direction, the front wave-dissipating guide plates are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom, and both ends of the front wave-dissipating guide plates are fixed to the fixed side rods on both sides of the floating frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the rear buffer mechanism includes a movable side rod, a rear wave-dissipating guide plate, and a fourth spring member; the movable side rod is movably sleeved on the second guide rod; the fourth spring member is sleeved on the second guide rod, one end of the fourth spring member is connected to the corresponding movable side rod, and the other end of the fourth spring member is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod or movable side rod; one or more rear wave-dissipating guide plates are arranged in parallel along the vertical direction, the rear wave-dissipating guide plates are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom, and the two ends of the rear wave-dissipating guide plates are respectively fixed to the corresponding movable side rods on both sides of the floating frame.

[0014] Furthermore, a wave-damping component is fixedly provided at the top of the floating frame away from the slope; the wave-damping component is composed of one or more parallel wave-damping plates, which are inclined from top to bottom toward the slope and have through holes.

[0015] Furthermore, the top end of the floating frame away from the slope is rotatably connected to a front damping plate with a through hole.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The floating frame of this invention achieves adaptive floating of water level and vertical wave buffering through telescopic components, and horizontal buffering through water flow damping mechanism to reduce underwater impact by limiting movement components. The buffering and wave-dissipating mechanism specifically reduces the energy of water surface waves, thus constructing a comprehensive protection system. This completely solves the defects of traditional rigid structures that are prone to misalignment and have single energy dissipation, and greatly improves the overall stability and impact resistance of the revetment.

[0017] 2. The present invention has multiple sets of telescopic components arranged along the direction perpendicular to the water bank to form a continuous protective belt, which effectively disperses the impact force of the water flow and prevents local structures from being damaged due to concentrated force; the water flow damping mechanism is connected to the same set of telescopic components on both sides through limit moving components to ensure balanced force during horizontal buffering and avoid skew and jamming.

[0018] 3. The first spring component of this invention absorbs vertical wave energy through elastic expansion and contraction. Combined with the floating characteristics of the floating frame, the structure can be flexibly adjusted according to water level fluctuations and foundation deformation, avoiding the misalignment failure caused by uneven foundation settlement of traditional rigid structures, and significantly improving the structure's self-adaptability and service life.

[0019] 4. The water flow damping mechanism of this invention can move smoothly back and forth along the guide rod. The second spring can absorb the horizontal impact force of the underwater water flow. Compared with the passive erosion resistance of the traditional structure, it can achieve active buffering and energy dissipation, reduce the direct erosion of the water flow on the soil of the water bank, and prevent soil loss and bottom erosion from the source.

[0020] 5. The cavity between the damping plate and the movable damping block of the present invention reduces the weight of the component and the water flow resistance, and avoids the accumulation of silt; the movable damping block rotates around the positioning axis and can be flexibly adjusted with the water flow direction to further consume water flow energy.

[0021] 6. The second guide rod of the present invention provides stable guidance for the buffer mechanism. The front and rear buffer mechanisms can reciprocate along the guide rod to achieve graded buffering of residual energy of water surface waves. Compared with a single wave-dissipating structure, the energy dissipation is more thorough and effectively solves the problems of block displacement and filler loss caused by long-term scouring of strong water flow.

[0022] 7. The inclined arrangement of the front and rear wave-damping guide plates and the spring-coordinated design of the present invention, the guide plates are inclined in the form of air intake grilles to guide the water flow to divert and diffuse, reduce local pressure concentration, the third and fourth springs provide elastic buffering to further consume impact energy, and the multi-spring coordinated reset ensures that the components quickly return to the initial state, maintain long-term stable protection effect, and improve structural durability.

[0023] 8. This invention integrates an underwater flow damping mechanism, a surface wave-dissipating component, a front damping plate, and a buffer wave-dissipating component to form a multi-layered, all-around energy dissipation structure, rather than the traditional single-layer protection. Compared with the shortcomings of existing technologies that can only disperse surface water flow energy, the multi-layered energy dissipation system can dissipate underwater flow, surface waves, and residual impact energy step by step, significantly improving energy dissipation efficiency; the horizontal elastic movement of the damping plate and the damping rotation of the movable damping block can buffer the impact of water flow from different directions, preventing strong water flow from directly eroding the shore soil, and preventing soil loss and bottom erosion from the root. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view showing the location of the telescopic component of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view showing the location of the water flow damping mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow damping mechanism and the limiting movement component of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer wave-damping mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1-waterfront body, 2-support rod, 3-telescopic component, 4-floating frame, 5-limiting movement component, 6-damping plate, 7-wave-dissipating component, 8-fixed rod, 9-movable cylinder, 10-first spring component, 11-fixed seat, 12-first guide rod, 13-second spring component, 14-through groove, 15-positioning shaft, 16-movable damping block, 17-front damping plate, 18-buffering and wave-dissipating mechanism, 19-side stabilizing rod, 20-second guide rod, 21-front buffer mechanism, 22-rear buffer mechanism, 23-fixed side rod, 24-front wave-dissipating guide plate, 25-third spring component, 26-movable side rod, 27-fourth spring component, 28-rear wave-dissipating guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] This invention provides a hydraulic structure for a multi-energy dissipation system in bank protection engineering, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the hydraulic structure includes a waterfront body 1, a floating frame 4, a telescopic component 3, a water flow damping mechanism, a limiting and moving component 5, and a buffer and wave-dissipating mechanism 18.

[0033] The waterfront body 1 includes a slope and a base layer arranged sequentially along the direction perpendicular to the extension of the waterfront. The top of the slope is connected to the ground, and the bottom of the slope is connected to the base layer located on the bottom of the water.

[0034] The floating frame 4 adopts a floating structure that can float freely on the water surface to reduce the static load on the hydraulic structure and enhance its adaptability to water level fluctuations. The material of the floating frame 4 needs to be lightweight and corrosion-resistant to ensure long-term floating stability.

[0035] The bottom of the floating frame 4 is provided on the base layer by several telescopic components 3. Among them, two telescopic components 3 are arranged along the extension direction of the waterfront as a group, and several groups of telescopic components 3 are arranged along the extension direction perpendicular to the waterfront. In this embodiment, the floating frame 4 has a rectangular structure, and the telescopic components 3 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the floating frame 4.

[0036] The telescopic component 3 can extend and retract vertically to support the floating frame 4, which floats with changes in water level, and to mitigate the vertical wave impact on the floating frame 4. Figure 2 As shown, the telescopic assembly 3 includes a fixed rod 8, a movable cylinder 9, and a first spring 10. The fixed rod 8 is fixed vertically to the base layer of the waterfront body 1. More specifically, a support rod 2 is fixedly inserted into the base layer of the waterfront body 1, the bottom end of the fixed rod 8 is fixedly installed on the support rod 2, and the top end of the fixed rod 8 is provided with a limiting protrusion.

[0037] The movable cylinder 9 is sleeved on the outside of the fixed rod 8 and can slide up and down along the axis of the fixed rod 8. The floating frame 4 is fixed to the top of the movable cylinder 9. The first spring 10 is disposed between the limiting protrusion and the bottom of the movable cylinder 9. The first spring 10 is sleeved on the fixed rod 8. The top of the first spring 10 is connected to the bottom of the limiting protrusion, and the bottom of the first spring 10 is connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the movable cylinder 9. The first spring 10 can extend and retract in the vertical direction.

[0038] In practice, the extension and retraction of the first spring member 10 causes the movable cylinder 9 to move up and down relative to the fixed rod 8, adapting to the floating frame 4's movement with water level changes. For example, when the water level rises, the first spring member 10 applies a downward pulling force to the floating frame 4, which is carried by the waves, thus buffering the waves. In other words, the telescopic assembly 3 allows the floating frame 4 to move elastically in the vertical direction, automatically adjusting its height while effectively buffering vertical waves. This avoids failure due to misalignment, as is common in traditional rigid concrete slab assembly structures, effectively maintaining the integrity and protective effect of the revetment, and improving the adaptability and durability of the waterfront structure.

[0039] The water flow damping mechanism is located below the floating frame 4. Both sides of the water flow damping mechanism are movably connected to two telescopic components 3 in the same group via limiting and moving components 5. The limiting and moving components 5 are used to allow the water flow damping mechanism to move back and forth along a direction perpendicular to the water bank extension. The water flow damping mechanism provides damping for the impact of water flow below the water surface.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the limiting and moving assembly 5 includes a fixed base 11, a first guide rod 12, and a second spring member 13. The fixed base 11 is fixedly installed on the outer peripheral surface of the movable cylinder 9. One or more first guide rods 12 pass vertically through one side of the water flow damping mechanism. In this embodiment, two first guide rods 12 pass through the top and bottom of one side of the water flow damping mechanism, respectively. The water flow damping mechanism can slide along the first guide rods 12, and both ends of the first guide rods 12 are fixed on the fixed base 11.

[0041] The second spring 13 is sleeved on the first guide rod 12. One end of the second spring 13 is connected to the side of the water flow damping mechanism facing the slope, and the other end of the second spring 13 is connected to the end of the first guide rod 12 near the slope. The second spring 13 can extend and retract along the axis of the first guide rod 12.

[0042] The water flow damping mechanism slides along the first guide rod 12 under the impact of underwater water flow and the elastic force of the second spring 13. In specific implementation, the water flow damping mechanism moves towards the slope under the impact of underwater water flow, compressing the second spring 13. The elastic force of the second spring 13 can buffer the impact of the water flow and absorb its energy. It is important to regularly check the fatigue and corrosion of the second spring 13. It should be noted that all springs in this technical solution have undergone corrosion and wear-resistant treatment.

[0043] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the water flow damping mechanism includes a damping plate 6, a positioning shaft 15, and several movable damping blocks 16. Both the damping plate 6 and the movable damping blocks 16 are provided with cavities that connect to their bottoms; the cavities can reduce the weight of the water flow damping mechanism, while allowing water flow to pass through to reduce resistance, and the cavities that connect to the bottom can prevent the accumulation of silt.

[0044] The damping plate 6 is movably connected to the first guide rod 12. The positioning shaft 15 is located at the top of the cavity, and both ends of the positioning shaft 15 are fixed to the damping plate 6. The tops of several movable damping blocks 16 are rotatably connected to the positioning shaft 15. The movable damping blocks 16 can rotate around the positioning shaft 15 within the cavity of the damping plate 6, that is, the movable damping blocks 16 and the positioning shaft 15 are damped together. The damping plate 6 has a through groove 14 in the middle along the axis of the first guide rod 12, which exposes the movable damping blocks 16. The movable damping blocks 16 also have water passage holes with their axes parallel to the first guide rod 12, which are used for water flow.

[0045] In some embodiments, a top block is fixedly connected to the top of the movable damping block 16 away from the slope to limit its movement, and a buffer pad is fixedly installed on the top of the movable damping block 16 near the slope. Under the impact of the water flow, the movable damping block 16 rotates toward the slope and squeezes the buffer pad, which reduces collision noise while providing cushioning.

[0046] A wave-damping mechanism 18 is installed at the top of the floating frame 4 to mitigate the impact of water waves. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the buffer wave-damping mechanism 18 includes a side stabilizing rod 19, a second guide rod 20, a front buffer mechanism 21, and a rear buffer mechanism 22.

[0047] Several side stabilizing bars 19 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the floating frame 4, with two or more side stabilizing bars 19 arranged on each side along the direction perpendicular to the waterfront extension. One or more second guide rods 20 are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the waterfront extension, and the second guide rods 20 can slide through all the side stabilizing bars 19 on the same side and extend out at both ends. The extended end of the second guide rod 20 away from the slope is connected to a front buffer mechanism 21, which can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod 20. The extended end of the second guide rod 20 near the slope is provided with a limiting block. One or more rear buffer mechanisms 22 are connected to the second guide rod 20 between two connected side stabilizing bars 19, and the rear buffer mechanisms 22 can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod 20.

[0048] In this embodiment, each side of the floating frame 4 is provided with two side stabilizing rods 19, and two second guide rods 20 pass through the top and bottom of the side stabilizing rods 19 respectively, one above the other. Two sets of rear buffer mechanisms 22 are provided between the two side stabilizing rods 19.

[0049] The front buffer mechanism 21 includes a fixed side rod 23, a front wave-damping guide plate 24, and a third spring member 25. The fixed side rod 23 is fixedly connected to the extended end of the second guide rod 20; the third spring member 25 is sleeved on the second guide rod 20, one end of the third spring member 25 is connected to the fixed side rod 23, and the other end of the third spring member 25 is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod 19. The third spring member 25 can extend and retract along the axial direction of the second guide rod 20.

[0050] One or more front wave-dissipating guide plates 24 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. The front wave-dissipating guide plates 24 are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom. The two ends of the front wave-dissipating guide plates 24 are respectively fixed to the fixed side rods 23 on both sides of the floating frame 4.

[0051] The rear buffer mechanism 22 includes a movable side rod 26, a rear wave-damping guide plate 28, and a fourth spring member 27. The movable side rod 26 is movably sleeved on the second guide rod 20 and can slide along the second guide rod 20; the fourth spring member 27 is sleeved on the second guide rod 20, one end of the fourth spring member 27 is connected to the corresponding movable side rod 26, and the other end of the fourth spring member 27 is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod 19 or the movable side rod 26; the fourth spring member 27 can extend and retract along the axial direction of the second guide rod 20.

[0052] One or more rear wave-dissipating guide plates 28 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. The rear wave-dissipating guide plates 28 are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom. The two ends of the rear wave-dissipating guide plates 28 are respectively fixed to the corresponding movable side rods 26 on both sides of the floating frame 4.

[0053] In practice, the front wave-dissipating guide plate 24 and the rear wave-dissipating guide plate 28 achieve elastic response to water flow impact under the elastic force of the third spring member 25 and the fourth spring member 27, respectively; the front wave-dissipating guide plate 24 and the rear wave-dissipating guide plate 28 are inclined like a grid to guide the water flow to disperse, reduce local pressure concentration, and solve the block displacement problem that is easy to occur in traditional structures.

[0054] In some embodiments, a wave-damping component 7 is fixedly installed at the top end of the floating frame 4 away from the slope. The wave-damping component 7 consists of one or more parallel wave-damping plates that are inclined downwards towards the slope and have through holes. The wave-damping component 7 directly resists the impact of water waves, disperses energy, and protects the shoreline structure. The installation position and tilt angle of the wave-damping component 7 are set to maximize the wave-damping effect and reduce material stress.

[0055] In some embodiments, a front damping plate 17 with through holes is rotatably connected to the top end of the floating frame 4 away from the slope. The front damping plate 17 can sway with the water waves to further dissipate energy. The tilt angle of the front damping plate 17 can be consistent with that of the wave-damping assembly 7. The tilted structure can guide the water flow to impact obliquely, reducing the frontal force. In addition, the through holes on the wave-damping plate and the through holes on the front damping plate 17 need to be reasonably distributed to balance pressure and prevent blockage.

[0056] The working principle of this invention is: When water flows against the revetment, the first impact is felt on the front damping plate 17 on the floating frame 4. The front damping plate 17 sways with the waves, consuming some energy. The wave-dissipating components 7 are arranged at an angle to reduce waves. The front buffer mechanism 21 and the rear buffer mechanism 22 use the third spring 25 and the fourth spring 27 for elastic buffering, respectively. The front wave-dissipating guide plate 24 and the rear wave-dissipating guide plate 28 guide the water flow to diffuse. The water flow continues to be transmitted to the damping plate 6. The damping plate 6 moves horizontally under the action of the limiting and moving component 5 to buffer the impact force. At the same time, the movable damping block 16 rotates through the positioning shaft 15 to further absorb energy.

[0057] The water flow damping mechanism acts underwater to buffer the underwater water flow and prevent strong water flow from impacting the waterfront body 1 from underwater. The buffer wave-dissipating mechanism 18, wave-dissipating component 7 and front damping plate 17 act on the water surface to weaken the water flow and water impact by buffering the waves on the water surface. This invention buffers the water from both underwater and water surface, greatly improving the protection capability of the waterfront body 1.

[0058] Simultaneously, the movable cylinder 9 in the telescopic assembly 3 compresses the first spring 10 along the fixed rod 8, allowing the overall structure to extend and retract vertically to adapt to wave and foundation deformation, and effectively buffering vertical waves. Through the synergistic effect of the above components, the direct impact on the waterfront body 1 is reduced, thereby comprehensively protecting the soil from erosion and maintaining the stability of the revetment.

[0059] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic structure for a multi-energy dissipation system in a bank protection project, characterized in that, It includes the waterfront body (1), floating frame (4), telescopic component (3), water flow damping mechanism, limiting and moving component (5), and buffer and wave-dissipating mechanism (18). The waterfront body (1) includes a slope connected to the ground and a base layer set at the bottom of the water; the floating frame (4) adopts a floating structure, and the bottom of the floating frame (4) is set at the base layer by several telescopic components (3). The telescopic components (3) can extend and retract in the vertical direction to support the floating frame (4) that floats with the water level and reduce the wave impact on the floating frame (4) in the vertical direction. The water flow damping mechanism is connected to the telescopic component (3) via a limiting movement component (5). The limiting movement component (5) is used to make the water flow damping mechanism move back and forth along the direction perpendicular to the extension of the water bank. The water flow damping mechanism is used to provide damping for the impact of water flow below the water surface. The buffer wave-dissipating mechanism (18) is set on the top of the floating frame (4) to reduce the impact of water surface waves.

2. The hydraulic structure of the multi-energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two telescopic components installed along the direction of the waterfront extension form a group, and several groups of telescopic components are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the waterfront extension. The water flow damping mechanism is movably connected to two telescopic components in the same group on both sides by limit moving components (5).

3. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly includes a fixed rod (8), a movable cylinder (9), and a first spring (10). The fixing rod (8) is fixed vertically to the base layer of the waterfront body (1), and the top of the fixing rod (8) is provided with a limiting protrusion; The movable cylinder (9) is movably sleeved on the outside of the fixed rod (8); The first spring member (10) is located between the limiting protrusion and the bottom of the movable cylinder (9), and the first spring member (10) can extend and retract in the vertical direction; The floating frame (4) is fixed to the top of the movable cylinder (9).

4. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting movement assembly (5) includes a fixed base (11), a first guide rod (12), and a second spring (13). One or more first guide rods (12) pass vertically through the water flow damping mechanism, and the two ends of the first guide rods (12) are fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the movable cylinder (9) by fixed seats (11); The second spring (13) is connected between the water flow damping mechanism and the first guide rod (12) near the slope. The second spring (13) can extend and retract along the axis of the first guide rod (12). The water flow damping mechanism slides along the first guide rod (12) under the impact of underwater water flow and the elastic force of the second spring (13).

5. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The water flow damping mechanism includes a damping plate (6), a positioning shaft (15), and several movable damping blocks (16). Both the damping plate (6) and the movable damping block (16) are provided with cavities that connect to their own bottoms; The damping plate (6) is movably connected to the first guide rod (12). The middle part of the damping plate (6) is provided with a through groove (14) along the axis of the first guide rod (12). The positioning shaft (15) is located at the top of the cavity. The two ends of the positioning shaft (15) are fixed on the damping plate (6). The top of several movable damping blocks (16) are rotatably connected to the positioning shaft (15). The movable damping blocks (16) can rotate around the positioning shaft (15) in the cavity of the damping plate (6).

6. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The buffer wave-damping mechanism (18) includes a side stabilizing bar (19), a second guide bar (20), a front buffer mechanism (21), and a rear buffer mechanism (22): Several side stabilizers (19) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the floating frame (4), with two or more side stabilizers (19) arranged on each side along the direction perpendicular to the extension of the waterfront; one or more second guide rods (20) can slide through all the side stabilizers (19) on the same side and extend out at both ends; The second guide rod (20) is connected to a front buffer mechanism (21) at its extended end away from the slope. The front buffer mechanism (21) can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod (20). A limiting block is provided at the extended end of the second guide rod (20) near the slope. One or more rear buffer mechanisms (22) are connected to the second guide rod (20) between the two connected side stabilizer bars (19), and the rear buffer mechanism (22) can reciprocate along the axis of the second guide rod (20).

7. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The front buffer mechanism (21) includes a fixed side rod (23), a front wave-damping guide plate (24), and a third spring (25). The fixed side rod (23) is fixedly connected to the extended end of the second guide rod (20); the third spring (25) is sleeved on the second guide rod (20), one end of the third spring (25) is connected to the fixed side rod (23), and the other end of the third spring (25) is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod (19); One or more front wave-dissipating guide plates (24) are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. The front wave-dissipating guide plates (24) are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom. The two ends of the front wave-dissipating guide plates (24) are respectively fixed on the fixed side rods (23) on both sides of the floating frame (4).

8. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rear buffer mechanism (22) includes a movable side rod (26), a rear wave-dissipating guide plate (28), and a fourth spring (27). The movable side rod (26) is movably sleeved on the second guide rod (20); The fourth spring (27) is sleeved on the second guide rod (20). One end of the fourth spring (27) is connected to the corresponding movable side rod (26), and the other end of the fourth spring (27) is connected to the adjacent side stabilizing rod (19) or movable side rod (26). One or more rear wave-dissipating guide plates (28) are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction. The rear wave-dissipating guide plates (28) are inclined towards the slope from top to bottom. The two ends of the rear wave-dissipating guide plates (28) are respectively fixed on the corresponding movable side rods (26) on both sides of the floating frame (4).

9. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The top of the floating frame (4) is fixedly equipped with a wave-damping component (7) at the end away from the slope. The wave-damping component (7) consists of one or more parallel wave-damping plates, which are inclined from top to bottom toward the slope and have through holes.

10. The hydraulic structure of the multiple energy dissipation system for bank protection engineering as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The top of the floating frame (4) away from the slope is rotatably connected to a front damping plate (17) with a through hole.

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