A gob roof impermeable system and its impermeable method
By designing a dynamically adaptable seepage prevention system for the top of the goaf, the problem of interface defects between the top of the backfill and the roof was solved, achieving a tight bond between the seepage prevention layer and the backfill, improving the sealing efficiency of carbon sequestration backfill, and helping the mine achieve negative carbon mining.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA UNIV OF MINING & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122190797A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of green mining and carbon sequestration technology, and is particularly applicable to a top seepage prevention system and seepage prevention method for goaf areas. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing urgency of global carbon emission reduction, the mining industry is actively promoting green mining technologies. Backfilling mining, a key technology, involves injecting backfill materials into mined-out areas. This not only controls surrounding rock deformation and reduces surface subsidence but also enables carbon sequestration using the backfill material. In recent years, carbon sequestration backfilling technology has received widespread attention. Its backfill materials contain carbon-sequestering components (such as carbonate minerals), which can sequester carbon dioxide through chemical adsorption or physical methods during the backfilling process.
[0003] However, existing carbon sequestration backfilling technology has a significant problem: there are interface defects between the top of the backfill and the goaf roof. After mining, the goaf roof continues to subside or even fractures, and the backfill cannot completely fill the entire space, resulting in the top of the backfill being exposed or having cracks, allowing gases such as carbon dioxide to easily escape through the interface or cracks.
[0004] Traditional seepage prevention measures mostly use static waterproof membranes or spray coatings, but these methods have many shortcomings: they cannot adapt to dynamic mining processes, and the laying of membranes is not synchronized with the advancement of the working face; the interface between the seepage prevention layer and the backfill is not tightly bonded, and it is easy to separate or break under the pressure of the roof; there is a lack of real-time monitoring and adjustment mechanisms, and the seepage prevention effect depends on human experience, resulting in low reliability.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a seepage prevention system and construction method that can dynamically adapt to the mining process and form a highly airtight bond with the backfill body, so as to improve the storage efficiency and engineering feasibility of carbon sequestration backfill. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a top seepage prevention system and seepage prevention method for goaf areas.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a top seepage prevention system for a goaf, comprising a mounting unit disposed on the rear side of the working face, a seepage prevention layer unit for laying on the top of the backfill body, and a control unit that is signal-connected to the seepage prevention layer unit, wherein the seepage prevention layer unit is disposed on the mounting unit.
[0008] The control unit is configured to acquire the advancing speed parameters of the working face and the injection speed parameters of the filling body, and control the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit accordingly, so as to achieve dynamic matching of the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit, the advancing speed of the working face and the injection speed of the filling body.
[0009] More specifically, the control unit includes a controller, the mounting unit includes a mounting drum, the impermeable layer unit is mounted on the mounting drum, the mounting drum controls the winding and unwinding of the impermeable layer unit, the controller receives drive signals from the working face and the filling body, and controls the mounting drum to wind and unwind the impermeable layer unit.
[0010] More specifically, the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit is:
[0011] Among them, V 铺设 The covering speed of the impermeable layer unit; V 采矿 The advancing speed of the working face; V 充填 The filling speed of the filling material; This is the shrinkage coefficient.
[0012] More specifically, the control unit also includes a sensor and a pressure rod, and the sensor is signal-connected to the controller; The sensor detects the tension and flatness of the geomembrane unit and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller controls the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod and / or the winding and unwinding of the mounting unit to adaptively adjust the tension of the geomembrane unit.
[0013] More specifically, the impermeable layer unit includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer that fit together tightly. The third layer is in contact with the filling body and is provided with protrusions or a grid.
[0014] More specifically, the first layer is a puncture-resistant nonwoven geotextile, the second layer is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer membrane, and the third layer is a high-density polyethylene geomembrane.
[0015] More specifically, the width of the seepage-proof layer unit is greater than the width of the hydraulic support, and the edge portions of adjacent seepage-proof layer units overlap and connect with each other.
[0016] More specifically, anchor bolts are installed on the roof of the goaf, and auxiliary anchor fixing bands are installed on the anchor bolts. Universal connectors are installed between the auxiliary anchor fixing bands and the anchor bolts, and one end of the seepage prevention layer unit is connected to the auxiliary anchor fixing band.
[0017] More specifically, a covering slot is provided on the hydraulic support, a robotic arm is provided inside the covering slot, and the loading drum is provided on the robotic arm.
[0018] More specifically, flexible sealing strips are installed at the roadway sides of the two roadways of the working face, and grouting pipes are installed inside the flexible sealing strips.
[0019] A method for preventing seepage in goaf areas, applied to the top seepage prevention system of goaf areas, includes the following steps: S1: The working face is moved forward, and the filling material is injected behind the working face; S2: During the deployment of the impermeable layer unit, the control unit acquires the advancing speed parameters of the working face and the injection speed parameters of the filling body, and controls the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit by the mounting unit accordingly. S3: The control unit monitors the tension and flatness of the geomembrane unit and sends the signal back to the control unit. The control unit controls the unwinding and rewinding of the mounting unit and / or the lifting and lowering of the pressure bar of the control unit according to the monitoring signal, so as to adaptively adjust the geomembrane unit.
[0020] This invention mainly designs a top seepage prevention system and method for goaf areas. The seepage prevention layer components are laid synchronously with the advancement of the working face. The components are adjusted in real time by control to adapt to the deformation of the roof and the dynamic changes of the backfill. The system is integrated into the hydraulic support to realize integrated "mining-backfilling-seepage prevention" operation without additional downtime, thus improving mining efficiency. Through reliable seepage prevention, the sealing efficiency of carbon sequestration backfill is greatly improved, helping mines achieve negative carbon mining. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this application. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the unfilled filler of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filling material of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting unit and the control unit of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seepage-proof layer unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of the seepage prevention method of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic support; 2. Filling body; 3. Anti-seepage layer unit; 4. Hanging unit; 41. Hanging drum; 42. Robotic arm; 43. Covered slot; 51. Controller; 52. Sensor; 53. Pressure bar; 54. Anchor bolt; 55. Auxiliary anchor fixing strip; 6. Top plate. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. The embodiments of this invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0024] It should be understood that the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only.
[0025] A top seepage prevention system for goaf areas, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes a mounting unit 4 located on the rear side of the hydraulic support 1, an anti-seepage layer unit 3 for laying on the top of the filling body 2, and a control unit that is signal-connected to the anti-seepage layer unit 3. The anti-seepage layer unit 3 is mounted on the mounting unit 4.
[0026] Hydraulic support 1 is the core support equipment of fully mechanized mining face. When the mine is being filled and mined, the mining machine is mining the mine to form a working face. As the mining progresses, hydraulic support 1 moves along the mining direction. At the same time, as hydraulic support 1 moves, the filling equipment behind hydraulic support 1 fills the working face.
[0027] The mounting unit 4 is used to suspend the seepage-proof layer unit 3, so that when the hydraulic support 1 moves, the seepage-proof layer unit 3 can slide or unfold freely along the mining direction. The mounting unit 4 includes a mounting drum 41, a robotic arm 42, and a covering slot 43. The covering slot 43 is disposed on the hydraulic support 1. The robotic arm 42 is a connecting rod, one end of which is rotatably or movably connected to the covering slot 43, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the mounting drum 41. The robotic arm 42 is disposed inside the covering slot 43, and the mounting drum 41 is disposed on the robotic arm 42. At the same time, the seepage-proof layer unit 3 is disposed on the mounting drum 41. The core of the seepage-proof layer unit 3 is adapted to the mounting drum 41, so that the seepage-proof layer unit 3 can rotate synchronously with the mounting drum 41 to unfold along the mining direction.
[0028] The mounting drum 41 includes a rotating shaft connected to a robotic arm 42, a transmission mechanism connected to the rotating shaft, and a power mechanism. The rotating shaft passes through the core of the geomembrane unit 3, and when the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the geomembrane unit 3 to rotate accordingly, thereby realizing the winding and unwinding of the geomembrane unit 3. The rotating shaft can be set as an expansion shaft in the prior art to achieve a tight connection between the rotating shaft and the reel. The power mechanism operates, driving the transmission mechanism to rotate the rotating shaft, thereby realizing the winding and unwinding of the geomembrane unit 3. The power mechanism is signal-connected to the control unit, and drives the geomembrane unit 3 to wind and unwind at a set speed according to the signal transmitted by the control unit. Of course, the mounting drum 41 can use any structure that can achieve controllable automatic winding and unwinding.
[0029] During the collapse of the roof 6 in the goaf, rubble or coal gangue often fall. To ensure the integrity of the seepage prevention layer unit 3, the enclosing slot 43 can be set as a semi-enclosed box structure to wrap the mounting drum 41 inside, providing a solid physical barrier for the mounting drum 41 and the seepage prevention layer unit 3. This effectively prevents the falling gangue from the roof 6 from directly impacting the mounting drum 41 and causing equipment damage, or scratching the undeployed seepage prevention layer unit 3, significantly improving the system's survivability and operational reliability under harsh working conditions. Specifically, the enclosing slot 43 is an arc-shaped slot.
[0030] The robotic arm 42 drives the loading drum 41 to move. Furthermore, the robotic arm 42 is movably connected to the covering slot 43, so that the robotic arm 42 can drive the loading drum 41 to rise or fall or rotate. Specifically, a robotic arm 42 is provided at each end of the covering slot 43, and the two robotic arms 42 are movably or rotatably connected to the covering slot 43. A power unit is provided in the covering slot 43, and the power unit is connected to the robotic arm 42, so that when the control unit sends a signal, the power unit can drive the robotic arm 42 to move or rotate, so as to accurately drive the loading drum 41 to rise or fall to the designated position.
[0031] During normal operation, the mounting drum 41 is positioned on the axis of the covering slot 43 via the robotic arm 42 to ensure smooth release of the geomembrane unit 3. Specifically, during normal operation, the axis of rotation of the mounting drum 41 is collinear with the axis of the covering slot 43. The rolled geomembrane unit 3 is hoisted to the predetermined position, the mounting drum 41 is removed from the robotic arm 42, the rotating shaft is inserted into the core of the geomembrane unit 3, and then the entire assembly is remounted onto the robotic arm 42 and placed close to the covering slot 43, so that the core is accurately embedded in the mounting drum 41 of the mounting unit 4 and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft. The covering slot 43 and the mounting drum 41 of the mounting unit 4 are integrated at the top directly behind the hydraulic support 1, and the core of the geomembrane unit 3 is adapted to the rotating shaft of the mounting drum 41.
[0032] The seepage-proof layer unit 3 is configured as a long strip of flexible roll material, which is wound on the core. The core is set on the mounting unit 4. Specifically, the core is set on the rotating shaft. As the working face advances, it gradually unfolds and covers the top surface of the newly injected filling body 2 in the goaf behind. Of course, the seepage-proof layer unit 3 can be set at any position behind the hydraulic support 1 that allows the seepage-proof layer unit 3 to be released smoothly.
[0033] Furthermore, the impermeable layer unit 3 is configured as a multi-layer composite structure. Specifically, the impermeable layer unit 3 includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer that are closely fitted and arranged sequentially. The third layer is in contact with the filling body 2. The third layer of the impermeable layer unit 3 is provided with a roughened structure. In this scheme, the roughened structure is formed by embossing process to form protrusions or grids. The height of the protrusions is set to 2mm, and the density is set to 16 protrusions / cm². Under the action of the top plate pressure, it enhances the physical fit with the filling body 2.
[0034] Furthermore, the first layer is a puncture-resistant nonwoven geotextile, the second layer is a thermoplastic polyester elastomer membrane, and the third layer is a high-density polyethylene geomembrane. The two adjacent layers are tightly bonded together by hot-pressing or co-extrusion processes. The multi-layer structure avoids the inability of a single material to simultaneously meet the requirements of puncture resistance, high elasticity, and high impermeability.
[0035] Specifically, the first layer, serving as a protective layer directly in contact with the roof rock of the goaf, employs puncture-resistant non-woven geotextile with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm, preferably 1.8 mm, and a puncture resistance strength of not less than 800 N. In the complex geological environment underground, roof collapses are often accompanied by sharp rocks or coal chunks. The high-strength fiber network structure of the non-woven geotextile can effectively disperse external impact forces, preventing sharp objects from piercing the underlying seepage-proof core layer, thus providing a physical shielding effect. Of course, the first layer can also use woven geotextile or warp-knitted composite geotextile, as long as it meets the puncture resistance requirements.
[0036] The second layer is the intermediate layer, which uses a thermoplastic polyester elastomer film. It has the effect of elastic buffering and stress absorption, and the thickness is 0.5-1.5mm, preferably 1mm. Since the subsidence of the roof 6 in the goaf is often uneven and the surface of the filling body 2 may be uneven, the seepage prevention layer unit 3 needs to have excellent ductility and flexibility. The TPEE material is elastic and its elongation at break is not less than 300%. When the roof 6 undergoes irregular subsidence or the filling body 2 shrinks, it can adapt to the deformation of the interface through its own elastic deformation, avoiding tearing of the seepage prevention layer unit 3 due to local stress concentration, thereby ensuring the overall integrity of the seepage prevention system.
[0037] The third layer, located at the bottom and in direct contact with the filling material 2, uses a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with a permeability coefficient less than or equal to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -12 The flow rate is cm / s, and the thickness is 1-1.5 mm, preferably 1.2 mm. The third layer is a sealing barrier used to block the escape of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. On the bottom surface of the third layer, that is, the surface in contact with the filling body 2, raised dots or grids are set by an embossing process.
[0038] Under the pressure of the top plate, the impermeable layer unit 3 is pressed tightly against the filling body 2. If the bottom surface of the third layer is a smooth plane, the tiny cracks or bubbles that may exist on the surface of the filling body 2 will form gas escape channels. Moreover, the smooth interface is prone to relative slippage under shear force. However, after setting protrusions or grids, the sharp or raised structures will be micro-embedded in the filling body 2 material under pressure, forming countless tiny physical anchor points. This physical embedding effect greatly increases the contact area and frictional resistance between the impermeable layer unit 3 and the filling body 2, preventing them from separating. On the other hand, the protrusions or grids can destroy the continuous gas channels that may exist on the surface of the filling body 2, forcing gas molecules to bypass the complex protruding structure during the escape process, significantly increasing the escape resistance, thereby achieving a better sealing effect. Through the micro-embedded contact between the filling body 2 and the third layer, a dense three-dimensional impermeable barrier is constructed under the synergistic effect of the pressure of the top plate 6.
[0039] Furthermore, the width of each anti-seepage layer unit 3 must be greater than the width of the hydraulic support 1 to ensure complete coverage of the filling area behind the single support. In actual engineering applications, when adjacent hydraulic supports 1 advance in a staggered manner, the outer edges of two adjacent anti-seepage layer units 3 will overlap. At this time, the overlapping parts of the two rolls can be hot-pressed together in real time using a hot-melt device to form a continuous sealed connection. The unfolded length of a single roll of anti-seepage layer unit 3 is set to 30-50m, preferably 40m. When a roll of anti-seepage layer unit 3 is used up and needs to be replaced, the joint between the new roll and the old roll is also bonded together using a hot-melt device. The new roll and the old roll maintain an appropriate overlap of 2-3cm, thereby achieving continuous coverage of the top interface of the filling body 2 of the entire goaf by the anti-seepage layer unit 3, avoiding sealing breaks, facilitating construction, providing high connection strength, and effectively preventing gas from escaping from the joints.
[0040] The control unit is connected to the drive components of the working face and the drive components of the filling body 2 respectively. The controller 51 receives the drive signals of the working face and the filling body 2, and controls the laying speed of the anti-seepage layer unit 3 according to the advancing speed of the working face and the injection speed of the filling body 2, so as to realize the dynamic matching of the laying speed of the anti-seepage layer unit 3, the advancing speed of the working face and the injection speed of the filling body 2.
[0041] In this scheme, the driving component of the working face is the driving component of the mining machine, and the driving component of the filling body 2 is the driving component of the filling pump. Of course, the driving component of the working face can also be the walking drive unit or the pushing jack in the electro-hydraulic control system of the hydraulic support 1, as long as it can directly reflect the advancing speed of the working face; the driving component of the filling body 2 can also be the pumping control system of the filling pump station. The pumping frequency or flow rate corresponds to the injection speed of the filling body 2, thereby obtaining the advancing speed of the filling body 2. The control unit obtains the real-time driving parameters of the two driving components through signal cables or wireless communication modules respectively.
[0042] Dynamic matching means that the laying speed of the geomembrane unit 3 is no longer a fixed value set manually, but rather adaptively adjusted according to changes in the rhythm of mining and backfilling operations. For example, when the working face advances faster, the control unit will correspondingly increase the release speed of the geomembrane unit 3 to prevent the geomembrane from being torn due to lag; when the injection speed of the backfill 2 decreases, the control unit will reduce the laying speed to prevent the geomembrane from accumulating wrinkles on the surface of the backfill 2. Through dynamic matching, the problems of poor adhesion, easy tearing, or easy accumulation between the geomembrane and the surface of the backfill 2 in the traditional static laying process are solved, ensuring that the geomembrane can achieve wrinkle-free, high-density coverage before the backfill 2 solidifies.
[0043] The control unit includes a controller 51, a sensor 52, a pressure rod 53, an anchor bolt 54, and an auxiliary anchor fixing band 55. The sensor 52 is signal-connected to the controller 51. The sensor 52 detects the tension and flatness of the seepage prevention layer unit 3 and transmits the signal to the controller 51. The controller 51 controls the pressure rod 53 to rise and fall, applying tension force to the seepage prevention layer unit 3. The pressure rod 53 is set on the covering slot 43 and can move or rotate on the covering slot 43. The anchor bolt 54 is set on the roof 6 of the goaf. The auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 is set on the anchor bolt 54. A universal connector is set between the auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 and the anchor bolt 54. One end of the seepage prevention layer unit 3 is connected to the auxiliary anchor fixing band 55.
[0044] Sensor 52 includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor. At least one pressure sensor and at least one displacement sensor are provided. The pressure sensor is located at the connection between the mounting drum 41 and the geomembrane unit 3, and the displacement sensor is located on the covering slot 43. The pressure sensor monitors the tension distribution of the geomembrane unit 3, and the displacement sensor detects the change in distance between the geomembrane unit 3 and the surface of the filling body 2 to identify local wrinkles or looseness of the geomembrane unit 3. When the pressure sensor detects that the local tension of the geomembrane unit 3 is lower than a preset threshold, or the displacement sensor detects that the distance between the geomembrane unit 3 and the surface of the filling body 2 exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the geomembrane unit 3 is loose or wrinkled, and the abnormal signal is transmitted to the controller 51. The controller 51 controls the pressure rod 53 to extend downward, and / or controls the mounting drum 41 to rewind and / or raise and lower to adjust the flatness and tension. The pressure bar 53 applies downward pressure, pressing the loose seepage barrier unit 3 against the surface of the filling body 2. This eliminates wrinkles through physical leveling and applies additional tension. The wrinkles are adjusted by adjusting the angle of the seepage barrier unit 3, and the tension is adjusted by adjusting the winding and unwinding of the seepage barrier unit 3, ensuring that the seepage barrier unit 3 is always in the best laying condition.
[0045] Of course, sensor 52 can also be equipped with a laser rangefinder or a visual recognition camera.
[0046] Furthermore, when the geomembrane unit 3 is unfolded and covering, the control unit remains operational to ensure that the geomembrane unit 3 maintains appropriate tension and flatness. If localized slack or excessive tension is detected, the controller 51 controls the winding and unwinding of the mounting drum 41 to adjust the tension of the geomembrane unit 3. Regarding wrinkles, based on the severity of the wrinkles identified by the sensor 52, graded treatment measures are implemented. Minor wrinkles can be eliminated by adjusting the winding and unwinding or raising and lowering of the mounting drum 41; for more significant wrinkles, the system adjusts the pressure rod 53 to press down and eliminate the wrinkles, thereby ensuring a tight fit between the geomembrane and the surface of the filling body 2.
[0047] To enable the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod 53, a pressure rod power unit is provided, which drives the pressure rod 53 to move or rotate.
[0048] When sensor 52 detects that the folded area exceeds 5% of the single roll area, controller 51 determines that the current geomembrane unit 3 is in a severely relaxed state, activates the maximum tension setting, and controls the pressure rod 53 to apply downward pressure at its maximum stroke. However, to prevent the geomembrane unit 3 from being strained or torn, controller 51 simultaneously monitors the tension applied by pressure rod 53 to ensure that it does not exceed the preset upper limit of 3.0kN. If the tension reaches 3.0kN during the pressure application process, controller 51 will immediately stop the pressure rod 53 from continuing to press down and issue an alarm to prompt the operator to check whether there is any jamming or abnormality in the geomembrane unit 3.
[0049] An anchor bolt 54 is installed at a preset position at the top plate 6 behind the filling area. The anchor bolt 54 is a Φ20×2000mm high-strength anchor bolt and is installed perpendicular to the top plate 6 to provide a stable load-bearing foundation. Of course, if the top plate 6 has a large inclination angle, the anchor bolt 54 can also be arranged along the layer, as long as it can provide sufficient pull-out resistance.
[0050] The auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 is connected to the anchor rod 54 through a universal connector, so that the auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 can adapt to certain angle changes and ensure the reliability of the connection. The auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 is made of polyester braided tape with a width of 100mm, a tensile strength of not less than 10kN, and an initial tension of 1.5kN.
[0051] Under the influence of mining, the roof slab 6 in the goaf not only experiences vertical subsidence but also often undergoes horizontal displacement and irregular angular deflection. If a traditional rigid connection method is used, even minor displacements of the roof slab 6 can generate significant stress concentration at the starting end of the anti-seepage layer, easily leading to edge tearing or anchor point failure of the anti-seepage layer unit 3. In this solution, a universal connector is used, allowing the auxiliary anchoring band 55 to rotate freely relative to the anchor rod 54. When the roof slab 6 experiences irregular subsidence or deflection, the universal connector can adaptively adjust the force direction of the auxiliary anchoring band 55, eliminating the shear stress generated by rigid constraints. In this solution, the universal connector can be configured as a ball joint structure or a cross-axis connector. Simultaneously, the auxiliary anchoring band 55 further buffers the displacement impact, ensuring that the anti-seepage layer unit 3 maintains uniform stress when subjected to deformation and traction from the roof slab 6, preventing tearing at the starting end due to stress concentration, thereby ensuring the overall sealing continuity of the anti-seepage system.
[0052] The starting end of the anti-seepage layer unit 3 is securely connected to the anchor rod 54 via the auxiliary anchor fixing band 55. The remaining part unfolds according to the movement of the hydraulic support 1. The auxiliary anchor fixing band 55 pulls the anti-seepage layer unit 3, causing it to unfold along a predetermined path and lay flat above the initial filling area. At this time, it is ensured that the anti-seepage layer unit 3 unfolds naturally and hangs down naturally under its own weight, forming a preliminary coverage of the filling body 2 in the goaf behind, avoiding twisting or excessive tension. The filling operation needs to be coordinated with the advancement of the working face, ensuring that the outlet position of the filling pipe is at an appropriate distance from the unfolding front edge of the anti-seepage layer unit 3, so as to avoid interfering with the laying of the anti-seepage layer and ensure that the filling body 2 can fill the goaf in time. As the working face advances, the roof 6 behind breaks down and sinks, fitting into the anti-seepage unit and the filling body 2. In the direction of the working face advancement, the front end of the broken roof 6 presses down on the anti-seepage unit, automatically forming a new fixed area.
[0053] To ensure that the entire backfill 2 forms a completely closed carbon sequestration space, in addition to covering the top with an impermeable layer, the sides of the backfill 2 near the two roadways of the working face must also be effectively sealed. Before the working face advances, flexible sealing strips need to be pre-installed on the sides of the two roadways, i.e., at the expected locations of the backfill 2. The flexible sealing strips are made of corrosion-resistant rubber or polymer composite materials, and grouting pipes with one-way valves are pre-embedded in the middle of the flexible sealing strips. The grouting pipes are set as micro-grouting pipes. Once the filling material 2 has solidified and reached a certain strength, and the top impermeable layer unit 3 has been laid and pressed, a high-expansion-rate, low-viscosity polyurethane chemical grout is injected at low pressure into the potential gaps between the filling material 2 and the hard roadway bedrock through pre-embedded grouting pipes. The injected grout will penetrate, expand, and solidify in the gaps, completely filling the original irregular voids and forming a continuous and dense chemical sealing barrier on the entire side of the filling material 2. The barrier and the top impermeable layer unit 3 are sealed together at the edges by hot melting or adhesive, thus forming a complete sealing system together with the top impermeable layer and the bottom bedrock under the pressure of the roof. The pressure of the roof is transmitted to the filling material 2 through the impermeable layer unit 3, making the roughened structure of the lower surface of the impermeable layer unit 3 tightly bonded to the surface of the filling material 2. The multi-layer composite design of the impermeable layer unit 3 enables it to adapt to the deformation of the roof 6, maintaining good sealing performance while maintaining integrity, and completely blocking the lateral escape channels of carbon dioxide.
[0054] Specifically, the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit 3 is:
[0055] Among them, V 铺设 The coverage speed of the impermeable layer unit 3; V 采矿 The advancing speed of the working face; V 充填 The filling speed of filling material 2; This refers to the shrinkage coefficient, specifically 0.85-0.95, which is set according to the shrinkage characteristics of the filling material.
[0056] Specifically, as the working face moves at a speed V along the mining direction... 采矿 As the hydraulic support 1 advances, it moves forward accordingly. Simultaneously, within the goaf area behind the hydraulic support 1, filling material 2 is injected into the space below the roof 6 of the shield through filling pipelines. The filling advance speed is V. 充填 The filling and advancing speed is matched with the working face advancing speed to fill the designated goaf. Simultaneously with the filling operation, the seepage barrier unit 3 is dynamically laid, with the covering speed V of the seepage barrier unit 3 being... 铺设 The required advance speed V of the working face 采矿 and the filling propulsion speed V of filling body 2 充填 Maintain dynamic synchronization to ensure that the impermeable layer unit 3 can be covered in real time.
[0057] A method for preventing seepage at the top of a goaf, such as Figure 5 As shown, the top seepage prevention system applied to goaf areas includes the following steps: S1: As the coal mining machine finishes cutting the coal, the working face moves forward and the hydraulic support 1 moves accordingly. At this time, the anti-seepage layer unit 3, which is mounted on the back of the hydraulic support 1, is pulled out as the support moves forward. Under the action of its own weight and traction force, the anti-seepage layer unit 3 naturally hangs down and covers the top space of the goaf behind it. At the same time, the filling pump station is started and continuously injects the filling body 2 into the goaf space behind the hydraulic support 1 through the filling pipeline. S2: The controller 51 reads the working face advance speed signal and the filling pump flow signal according to the driving speed of the working face and the filling body 2. The controller 51 calculates the optimal laying speed of the current seepage layer unit 3 according to the preset control logic, and controls the hanging drum 41 to wind up and unwind the seepage layer unit 3, so that its covering speed is dynamically balanced with the working face advance and the liquid level rise speed of the filling body 2, which prevents the seepage layer from breaking due to lag and avoids the accumulation of wrinkles due to advance. S3: The controller 51 receives the tension and flatness signals fed back by the sensor 52, and controls the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod 53 and / or the winding and unwinding of the hanging drum 41 according to the tension and flatness of the seepage prevention layer unit 3. Sensor 52 works continuously to monitor the speed, tension and flatness of the seepage prevention layer unit 3 and transmits the signal back to controller 51. Controller 51 analyzes and processes the transmitted signal to determine whether the current state of the seepage prevention layer unit 3 deviates from the preset threshold. Through data feedback, the entire laying process has intelligent perception and self-correction capabilities, ensuring the stability of construction quality.
[0058] To achieve comprehensive sealing protection, Before the working face is advanced, the construction personnel set up flexible sealing grooves on the sides of the two roadways of the working face along the direction of the working face advancement. Grouting pipes are installed in the flexible sealing grooves, and the grout outlets on the pipe walls face the expected contact surface between the roadway side and the filling body 2. Once the working face has advanced a certain distance, the backfill 2 has solidified, and the anti-seepage layer unit 3 has been laid, the external grouting pump is started. High-pressure grout is injected into the flexible sealing groove through the pre-embedded grouting pipe. Under pressure, the grout penetrates into the tiny gaps between the backfill 2 and the roadway rock mass, and undergoes an expansion and solidification reaction to fill the gaps. This effectively seals the gas escape channels on the side of the backfill 2, so that the top anti-seepage layer, the side grouting sealing curtain, and the bottom bedrock together form a closed cubic space. This achieves all-round isolation of carbon dioxide in the goaf, significantly improving the reliability and long-term effectiveness of carbon sequestration.
[0059] In this scheme, the filling material 2 is set as a carbon-fixed filling material.
[0060] This invention primarily designs a top seepage prevention system and method for goaf areas. The seepage prevention layer components are laid synchronously with the advancement of the working face. Real-time adjustments to the components are made to adapt to deformation of the roof 6 and dynamic changes in the filling body 2. The system is integrated into the hydraulic support 1, achieving integrated "mining-filling-seepage prevention" operations without additional downtime, thus improving mining efficiency. Reliable seepage prevention significantly enhances the carbon sequestration efficiency, contributing to negative carbon mining. By setting up grouting pipes, the top seepage prevention layer, the side grouting sealing curtain, and the bottom bedrock together form a closed cubic space, achieving comprehensive isolation of carbon dioxide within the goaf area and significantly improving the reliability and long-term effectiveness of carbon sequestration. The rotatable mounting drum 41 and the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod 53 allow for the treatment of wrinkles in the seepage prevention layer unit 3. Adjusting the winding and unwinding of the mounting drum 41 allows for the adjustment of the tension of the seepage prevention layer unit 3.
[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0062] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.
[0063] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A top seepage prevention system for goaf areas, characterized in that: It includes a mounting unit (4) located behind the hydraulic support (1), an anti-seepage layer unit (3) for laying on top of the filling body (2), and a control unit connected to the anti-seepage layer unit (3) by signal. The starting end of the anti-seepage layer unit (3) is located at the top behind the initial filling area. The main body of the anti-seepage layer unit (3) is wound around the mounting unit (4) and is pulled out as the working face advances. The control unit is configured to acquire the advancing speed parameters of the working face and the advancing speed parameters of the filling body (2), and control the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit (3) accordingly, so as to achieve dynamic matching of the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit (3), the advancing speed of the working face and the injection speed of the filling body (2).
2. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes a controller (51), the mounting unit (4) includes a mounting drum (41), the impermeable layer unit (3) is mounted on the mounting drum (41), the mounting drum (41) controls the winding and unwinding of the impermeable layer unit (3), the controller (51) receives parameter signals from the working face and the filling body (2), and controls the mounting drum (41) to wind and unwind the impermeable layer unit (3).
3. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laying speed of the impermeable layer unit (3) is: Among them, V 铺设 The laying speed of the impermeable layer unit (3); V 采矿 The advancing speed of the working face; V 充填 The filling speed of the filling body (2); This is the shrinkage coefficient.
4. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control unit also includes a sensor (52) and a pressure rod (53). The sensor (52) is connected to the controller (51) via a signal, and the pressure rod (53) is positioned above the impermeable layer unit (3). The sensor (52) detects the tension and flatness of the impermeable layer unit (3) and transmits the signal to the controller (51). The controller (51) controls the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod (53) and / or the winding and unwinding of the hanging unit (4) to adaptively adjust the tension of the impermeable layer unit (3).
5. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impermeable layer unit (3) includes a first layer, a second layer and a third layer that fit together tightly. The third layer is in contact with the filling body (2) and is provided with protrusions or grids to achieve physical fitting with the filling body (2).
6. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the impermeable layer unit (3) is greater than the width of the hydraulic support (1), and the edge portions of adjacent impermeable layer units (3) overlap and connect with each other.
7. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anchor bolt (54) is installed on the top plate (6) of the goaf area. An auxiliary anchor fixing band (55) is installed on the anchor bolt (54). A universal connector is installed between the auxiliary anchor fixing band (55) and the anchor bolt (54). The starting end of the seepage prevention layer unit (3) is connected to the auxiliary anchor fixing band (55).
8. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cover-type slot (43) is provided on the hydraulic support (1), and a robotic arm (42) is provided in the cover-type slot (43). The mounting drum (41) is mounted on the robotic arm (42), and the robotic arm (42) drives the mounting drum (41) to move.
9. The top seepage prevention system for goaf areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Flexible sealing strips are installed at the roadway sides of the two roadways of the working face. Grouting pipes are installed inside the flexible sealing strips. The grouting pipes are used to inject expansion sealing material into the gap between the filling body (2) and the roadway side to form a lateral sealing barrier.
10. A method for preventing seepage in goaf areas, characterized in that: The top seepage prevention system applied to the goaf area according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1: The working face is moved forward, and the filling material is injected behind the working face (2); S2: During the process of unfolding the impermeable layer unit (3), the control unit obtains the advancing speed parameters of the working face and the injection speed parameters of the filling body (2), and controls the laying speed of the impermeable layer unit (3) by the mounting unit (4) accordingly. S3: The control unit monitors the tension and flatness of the impermeable layer unit (3). The control unit controls the winding and unwinding of the mounting unit (4) and / or the lifting and lowering of the pressure rod (53) of the control unit according to the monitoring signal, so as to adaptively adjust the impermeable layer unit (3). S4: Using the pressure of the roof (6) generated by the collapse or subsidence of the overlying rock strata in the goaf, the completed anti-seepage layer unit (3) is tightly pressed onto the surface of the filling body (2) to form an anti-seepage barrier.