Hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust gas waste heat utilization function

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with tail gas waste heat utilization function, and relates to the technical field of tail gas utilization.The range extender comprises an internal combustion engine, a heat absorption bin and a medium conveying mechanism, the internal combustion engine is communicated with the heat absorption bin, tail gas generated by the internal combustion engine and heat exchange medium conveyed by the medium conveying mechanism all flow through the heat absorption bin, at least one heat conduction element is arranged in the heat absorption bin, and a plurality of elastic elements are arranged between the heat absorption bin and the heat conduction element; the heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the tail gas through the heat conduction element, when the flow velocity of the tail gas changes, the heat conduction element changes the sectional area of the tail gas flowing through the region in the heat absorption bin, the range extender absorbs the waste heat of the tail gas through the heat absorption bin and transmits the heat to the heat conduction medium, so that the utilization of the waste heat of the tail gas is realized, the waste heat of the tail gas is transferred to the heat exchange medium, and the sectional area of the tail gas flowing through the region is changed, so that the long-term stable operation of the equipment is ensured, and the heat exchange efficiency of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of exhaust gas utilization technology, specifically a hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust gas waste heat utilization function. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion of renewable energy and the development of hydrogen energy technology, hydrogen internal combustion engines, as a new type of clean energy engine, have gradually attracted attention. As an important component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen internal combustion engine range extenders can provide range extension through the drive of hydrogen internal combustion engines, thereby extending the vehicle's driving range. However, hydrogen internal combustion engines generate a large amount of heat during operation, especially the waste heat from exhaust gases. If this heat is not effectively recovered and utilized, it will lead to energy waste and affect the overall efficiency of the system. Currently, the utilization of waste heat from hydrogen internal combustion engine exhaust gases has not been widely applied. Most existing technologies directly release exhaust gases into the environment, failing to effectively recover their potential heat energy.

[0003] The prior art CN107228003A discloses a waste heat extraction device for internal combustion engine exhaust gas. The technical solution discloses that "This invention relates to a waste heat extraction device for internal combustion engine exhaust gas, belonging to the field of mechanical manufacturing technology. Its main technical feature is that a heat conversion device is installed on the exhaust manifold between the internal combustion engine and the exhaust system. The heat conversion device has a mutually enclosed unidirectional flow water vapor channel and a high-temperature exhaust gas channel. One end of the water vapor channel is connected to the water supply unit's phase pipe, and the other end is connected to the steam utilization unit's phase pipe. The water vapor channel has a zigzag structure, with the water vapor channel flowing through the tube side and the high-temperature exhaust gas channel flowing through the shell side. This invention has a simple structure, high thermal efficiency, is convenient to use, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Without increasing significant additional costs, the high-temperature exhaust gas can provide 100°C drinking water at any time during vehicle operation. The generated high-temperature superheated steam can also directly heat food and vegetables, quickly completing cooking functions such as steaming vegetables, steaming rice, and making soup. It can maximize fuel thermal efficiency and preserve the nutrition and original flavor of the dishes."

[0004] Although an internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat extraction device has been disclosed in the prior art, there are still some shortcomings. Specifically: 1. When the exhaust waste heat extraction device utilizes waste heat, it does not remove the water produced by the combustion exhaust. The water in the exhaust will accumulate in the pipe and react with the metal surface in a high-temperature environment, leading to metal corrosion, accelerating equipment aging and reducing heat exchange efficiency.

[0005] 2. The exhaust gas waste heat extraction device does not use an adjustable pipeline design at the heat exchange point. During operation, the gas flow rate and pressure cannot be adjusted. High-velocity airflow will cause the heat in the heat exchange section to be ineffectively transferred, while low-velocity airflow will cause the exhaust gas heat to be wasted, resulting in a reduction in the exhaust gas waste heat recovery efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function, so as to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function, comprising an internal combustion engine, a heat absorption chamber, and a medium conveying mechanism. The internal combustion engine is connected to the heat absorption chamber, and the exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine and the heat exchange medium conveyed by the medium conveying mechanism both flow through the heat absorption chamber. At least one heat-conducting element is provided inside the heat absorption chamber, and multiple elastic elements are provided between the heat absorption chamber and the heat-conducting element.

[0008] The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the exhaust gas through a heat-conducting element. When the exhaust gas flow rate changes, the heat-conducting element in the heat-absorbing chamber changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the area through which the exhaust gas flows. In the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, hydrogen is burned to generate power while simultaneously emitting exhaust gas. The exhaust gas contains a large amount of heat and water generated by the combustion of hydrogen. The generated exhaust gas passes through the heat-absorbing chamber, where the heat-conducting element absorbs the residual heat from the exhaust gas and transfers the heat to the heat exchange medium. The medium conveying mechanism transports the heat exchange medium to the parts that require heat. Through the cooperation of the elastic element and the heat-conducting element, the position of the heat-conducting element can be changed according to the change in the exhaust gas flow rate, thereby adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the area through which the airflow passes in the heat-absorbing chamber. This ensures that the heat-absorbing chamber maintains a good heat exchange effect, and the heat exchange medium absorbs the residual heat from the exhaust gas and transfers the heat to other systems.

[0009] Multiple elastic elements are mounted on the heat absorption chamber via support members. Each heat-conducting element has multiple sets of heat dissipation fins on one side. Specifically, the support members are fixed plates, with upper and lower sets located on the inner wall of the heat absorption chamber. Two heat-conducting elements are positioned between the two fixed plates on the same horizontal plane. The fixed plates, acting as support members, ensure that the heat-conducting elements are stably positioned in the correct area. The heat dissipation fins enhance heat exchange; their design significantly increases the surface area in contact with the exhaust gas, making heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the heat-conducting elements more efficient.

[0010] The heat-conducting element is made of a heat-conducting material. It has high thermal conductivity and high-temperature resistance, enabling it to efficiently transfer heat to the heat exchange medium as the exhaust gas flows through it. The elastic element is specifically a spring.

[0011] A water removal device is installed between the internal combustion engine and the heat absorption chamber. This device is connected to both the internal combustion engine and the heat absorption chamber. The water removal device includes a centrifugal chamber, a water storage chamber, and centrifugal elements. The centrifugal chamber is located above the water storage chamber. The water removal device removes moisture generated from hydrogen combustion before utilizing the heat in the exhaust gas. This prevents water vapor from reacting with the metal inside the device at high temperatures, thus preventing metal corrosion and extending the equipment's service life. It also prevents water droplets from adhering to the inner wall of the pipes, slowing down the heat transfer from the exhaust gas and improving heat exchange efficiency. The centrifugal chamber receives the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine, and the water storage chamber collects the water separated in the centrifugal chamber. The centrifugal elements generate centrifugal force through rotation, accelerating the separation of moisture from the exhaust gas.

[0012] The centrifugal element includes a rotating shaft and multiple sets of baffles. The baffles are located on the rotating shaft, and multiple slots are formed on the baffles. The exhaust gas drives the baffles to rotate, and the baffles generate centrifugal force through rotation, which accelerates the separation of moisture in the exhaust gas. The slots on the baffles are used to increase turbulence, further increasing the flow of the exhaust gas, making the separation of moisture and airflow more thorough, and improving the moisture separation efficiency.

[0013] The centrifuge chamber has multiple sets of water inlet channels on its inner wall, a slope at its bottom end, and a drainage channel at its bottom, each containing a drain valve. The multiple water inlet channels guide water from the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber to the drainage channel, preventing water from remaining on the inner wall and affecting subsequent water separation. The slope design ensures water accumulates at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber, improving drainage efficiency. The drainage channel and drain valve discharge accumulated water, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device.

[0014] The dewatering device also includes a backflow element, which comprises a mounting chamber located near the centrifuge chamber. A drive element is mounted on the mounting chamber, and a guide plate is mounted on the drive element. The drive element moves the guide plate up and down. The backflow element dynamically adjusts the flow path of the exhaust gas, enhancing the moisture separation effect and improving the dewatering efficiency. The mounting chamber provides a support platform for the backflow element, and the drive element is responsible for driving the guide plate up and down. The position of the guide plate is adjusted according to the exhaust gas flow rate and humidity to optimize the moisture separation effect.

[0015] The cross-section of the guide plate is L-shaped. The L-shaped guide plate can effectively guide the airflow direction, and can redirect the high-humidity exhaust gas at the air outlet of the centrifuge chamber back into the centrifuge chamber for further centrifugation and water removal, thereby improving the water separation efficiency.

[0016] The medium delivery mechanism is a condenser tube. One end of the condenser tube is connected to the outlet of the output unit that pumps the heat exchange medium. A heating jacket is fitted at the intake of the internal combustion engine, and the condenser tube is connected to the heating jacket. The heat-conducting element has through holes for the condenser tube to pass through. The condenser tube passes through the heat-conducting element and the heat absorption chamber. The output unit is specifically a pump. The outlet of the pump is connected to the condenser tube via a heat exchange medium tank. The condenser tube is responsible for delivering the heat exchange medium to the heating jacket and other areas in the vehicle that require heat. The heating jacket can hold the heat exchange medium and heat the hydrogen at the intake of the internal combustion engine, thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the internal combustion engine, improving combustion efficiency, and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The through holes on the heat-conducting element allow the heat exchange medium in the condenser tube to effectively absorb waste heat from the exhaust gas.

[0017] The guide plate is equipped with a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor, which are electrically connected to the control system. The pressure sensor and humidity sensor can monitor the flow rate and humidity of the exhaust gas at the centrifuge chamber outlet in real time and transmit the information to the control system. The control system then dynamically adjusts the position of the guide plate through the reversing element to optimize the separation effect of moisture in the exhaust gas.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. This invention removes the moisture generated by hydrogen combustion before utilizing the heat in the exhaust gas through a water removal device, ensuring that the exhaust gas in the subsequent heat absorption device and gas transmission pipe is in a dry state. This prevents water vapor from reacting with the metal inside the device at high temperatures, thereby preventing metal corrosion and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it prevents water droplets from adhering to the inner wall of the pipe, slowing down the heat transfer of the exhaust gas and improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0020] 2. This invention, through the combined design of heat-conducting elements and elastic elements in the heat absorption device, can automatically adjust the position of the heat-conducting elements according to changes in gas flow rate and pressure, thereby changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow area and ensuring that the heat from the exhaust gas can be evenly transferred to the heat dissipation fins. This avoids heat waste or low transfer efficiency caused by uneven airflow speed, thereby improving the recovery and utilization rate of exhaust gas waste heat.

[0021] 3. The present invention introduces a condenser tube connected to the heating jacket on one side of the gas pipeline, which uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas to preheat the hydrogen entering the internal combustion engine. This not only increases the temperature of the hydrogen and improves its fluidity, but also reduces ignition delay, improves combustion stability, and reduces nitrogen oxide emissions. It effectively utilizes waste heat, improves the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, reduces energy waste, and extends the service life of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the internal structure of the heat absorption chamber of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 These are three-dimensional views of the overall structure of the present invention from different perspectives;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the water removal device and heat absorption device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the internal structure of the centrifuge chamber of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A cross-section of the internal structure of the water removal device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle;

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Internal combustion engine; 2. Water removal device; 21. Centrifuge chamber; 22. Water storage chamber; 23. Centrifugal element; 231. Rotating shaft; 232. Baffle blade; 24. Reverse flow element; 241. Mounting chamber; 242. Drive element; 243. Guide plate; 3. Heat absorption chamber; 31. Heat conduction element; 32. Elastic element; 33. Heat dissipation fins; 4. Heating jacket; 5. Condenser tube; 6. Pressure sensor; 7. Humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function, including an internal combustion engine 1, a heat absorption chamber 3 and a medium conveying mechanism. The internal combustion engine 1 is connected to the heat absorption chamber 3. The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine 1 and the heat exchange medium conveyed by the medium conveying mechanism both flow through the heat absorption chamber 3. At least one heat-conducting element 31 is provided inside the heat absorption chamber 3, and multiple elastic elements 32 are provided between the heat absorption chamber 3 and the heat-conducting element 31.

[0032] The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the exhaust gas through the heat-conducting element 31. When the exhaust gas flow rate changes, the heat-conducting element 31 changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust gas flow area in the heat-absorbing chamber 3. Hydrogen is burned in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 1 to generate power while simultaneously emitting exhaust gas. The exhaust gas contains a large amount of heat and water generated by the combustion of hydrogen. The generated exhaust gas passes through the heat-absorbing chamber 3, which absorbs the residual heat from the exhaust gas through the heat-conducting element 31 and transfers the heat to the heat exchange medium. The medium conveying mechanism transports the heat exchange medium to the parts that require heat. Through the cooperation of the elastic element 32 and the heat-conducting element 31, the position of the heat-conducting element 31 can be changed according to the change in the exhaust gas flow rate, thereby adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow area in the heat-absorbing chamber 3. This ensures that the heat-absorbing chamber 3 maintains a good heat exchange effect, and the heat exchange medium absorbs the residual heat from the exhaust gas and transfers the heat to other systems.

[0033] Multiple elastic elements 32 are mounted on the heat absorption chamber 3 via support members, and multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 33 are provided on one side of the heat conduction element 31. The support members are specifically fixed plates, with upper and lower sets of fixed plates located on the inner wall of the heat absorption chamber 3. The two heat conduction elements 31 are located between the two fixed plates on the same horizontal plane. The fixed plates, as support members, ensure that the heat conduction elements 31 are stably positioned in the correct area. The heat dissipation fins 33 enhance heat exchange. The design of the fins can significantly increase the surface area in contact with the exhaust gas, making the heat exchange between the exhaust gas and the heat conduction element 31 more efficient.

[0034] The heat-conducting element 31 is made of a heat-conducting material. The heat-conducting element 31 has high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance, and can efficiently transfer heat to the heat exchange medium when the exhaust gas passes through it. The elastic element 32 is specifically a spring.

[0035] A water removal device 2 is installed between the internal combustion engine 1 and the heat absorption chamber 3. The water removal device 2 is connected to both the internal combustion engine 1 and the heat absorption chamber 3. The water removal device 2 includes a centrifugal chamber 21, a water storage chamber 22, and a centrifugal element 23. The centrifugal chamber 21 is located on the water storage chamber 22. The water removal device 2 is used to remove the water generated by hydrogen combustion before utilizing the heat in the exhaust gas. This prevents water vapor from reacting with the metal inside the device at high temperatures, thereby preventing metal corrosion and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it prevents water droplets from adhering to the inner wall of the pipe, slowing down the heat transfer of the exhaust gas and improving the heat exchange efficiency. The centrifugal chamber 21 is responsible for receiving the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 1. The water storage chamber 22 is used to collect the water separated in the centrifugal chamber 21. The centrifugal element 23 generates centrifugal force through rotation, accelerating the separation of water in the exhaust gas.

[0036] The centrifugal element 23 includes a rotating shaft 231 and multiple sets of baffles 232. The baffles 232 are located on the rotating shaft 231, and multiple sets of through slots are formed on the baffles 232. The exhaust gas drives the baffles 232 to rotate, and the baffles 232 generate centrifugal force through rotation, which accelerates the separation of moisture in the exhaust gas. The through slots on the baffles 232 are used to increase turbulence, further increase the flow of exhaust gas, and make the separation of moisture and airflow more thorough, thereby improving the moisture separation efficiency.

[0037] Multiple water inlet channels are installed on the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber 21. The bottom end face of the centrifuge chamber 21 is sloped, and a drainage channel with a drain valve is installed at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 21. The multiple water inlet channels are used to guide water on the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber 21 to the drainage channel, preventing water from remaining on the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber 21 and affecting the subsequent water separation effect. The slope design ensures that water accumulates at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 21, enhancing drainage efficiency. The drainage channel and drain valve are used to discharge the accumulated water and maintain the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0038] The dewatering device 2 also includes a backflow element 24, which includes a mounting chamber 241 located near the centrifuge chamber 21. A drive element 242 is mounted on the mounting chamber 241, and a guide plate 243 is mounted on the drive element 242. The drive element 242 drives the guide plate 243 to move up and down. The backflow element 24 is used to dynamically adjust the flow path of the exhaust gas, enhance the water separation effect, and improve the dewatering efficiency. The mounting chamber 241 provides a support platform for the backflow element 24, and the drive element 242 is responsible for driving the guide plate 243 to move up and down. The position of the guide plate 243 is adjusted according to the exhaust gas flow rate and humidity to optimize the water separation effect.

[0039] The cross-section of the guide plate 243 is L-shaped. The L-shaped guide plate 243 can effectively guide the airflow direction and can redirect the high-humidity exhaust gas back into the centrifuge chamber 21 at the air outlet of the centrifuge chamber 21 for further centrifugation and water removal, thereby improving the water separation efficiency.

[0040] The medium delivery mechanism is a condenser pipe 5. One end of the condenser pipe 5 is connected to the outlet of the output unit that pumps the heat exchange medium. A heating jacket 4 is fitted at the intake of the internal combustion engine 1. The condenser pipe 5 is connected to the heating jacket 4. A through hole is provided on the heat-conducting element 31 for the condenser pipe 5 to pass through. The condenser pipe 5 passes through the heat-conducting element 31 and the heat absorption chamber 3. The output unit is specifically a pump. The outlet of the pump is connected to the condenser pipe 5 through the heat exchange medium tank. The condenser pipe 5 is responsible for delivering the heat exchange medium to the heating jacket 4 and other areas in the vehicle that require heat. The heating jacket 4 can hold the heat exchange medium and heat the hydrogen at the intake of the internal combustion engine 1, thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrogen entering the internal combustion engine 1, improving combustion efficiency and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The through hole on the heat-conducting element 31 allows the heat exchange medium in the condenser pipe 5 to effectively absorb the waste heat in the exhaust gas.

[0041] A pressure sensor 6 and a humidity sensor 7 are installed on the guide vane 243, and the pressure sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 are electrically connected to the control system. The pressure sensor 6 and humidity sensor 7 can monitor the flow rate and humidity of the exhaust gas at the outlet of the centrifuge chamber 21 in real time, and transmit the information to the control system. The control system then dynamically adjusts the position of the guide vane 243 through the anti-flow element 24 to optimize the separation effect of moisture in the exhaust gas.

[0042] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the battery power of the range-extended vehicle is lower than a preset threshold, the range extender starts to operate. The on-board hydrogen cylinder supplies hydrogen to the internal combustion engine 1. The hydrogen combustion generates energy to power the generator battery. The generated high-temperature exhaust gas enters the centrifugal chamber 21 through the pipeline. The exhaust gas drives multiple sets of baffles 232 to rotate around the rotating shaft 231. The baffles 232 generate centrifugal force during rotation. Since the water vapor in the exhaust gas is heavier, the water vapor is thrown towards the inner wall of the centrifugal chamber 21 under the action of centrifugal force. The water accumulates on the inner wall of the centrifugal chamber 21 and then flows along the water inlet channel to the drain channel at the bottom. Since the bottom of the centrifugal chamber 21 is designed with a slope, the water flow can quickly gather into the drain channel and be discharged through the drain valve, ensuring that water does not accumulate in the device. At the same time, the baffles 232 with through grooves further increase the degree of turbulence of the exhaust gas, making the separation of water and exhaust gas more thorough.

[0043] When the exhaust gas flows through the outlet of the centrifugal chamber 21, the humidity sensor 7 and the pressure sensor 6 monitor the state of the exhaust gas at the outlet in real time and transmit the data to the control system. The control system controls the operation of the drive element 242 based on the humidity and flow rate information of the exhaust gas. If the humidity of the exhaust gas is detected to be lower than the set value, the drive element 242 drives the guide plate 243 to move upward, and the exhaust gas enters the heat absorption chamber 3 from the outlet. If the humidity of the exhaust gas is detected to be higher than the set value, the drive element 242 drives the guide plate 243 to move downward, and the guide plate 243 closes the outlet. The L-shaped guide plate 243 guides the exhaust gas with higher humidity back into the centrifugal chamber 21 for secondary separation, thereby further improving the moisture removal effect and ensuring that the exhaust gas entering the subsequent system is in a dry state.

[0044] After drying, the exhaust gas then enters the heat absorption chamber 3. The control system controls the pump to operate, and the pump pumps the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange medium tank into the condenser pipe 5. The elastic element 32 automatically adjusts the position of the heat conduction element 31 according to the change of exhaust gas flow rate, changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow area, thereby regulating the airflow speed so that heat can be evenly transferred to the heat dissipation fins 33. The heat dissipation fins 33 and the heat conduction element 31 transfer the absorbed heat to the heat exchange medium. The condenser pipe 5 delivers the heat exchange medium to the heating jacket 4 and other areas in the vehicle that need heating. The heating jacket 4 preheats the hydrogen at the air inlet, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the vehicle through the pipe.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function, characterized in that: It includes an internal combustion engine (1), a heat absorption chamber (3) and a medium conveying mechanism. The internal combustion engine (1) is connected to the heat absorption chamber (3). The exhaust gas generated by the internal combustion engine (1) and the heat exchange medium conveyed by the medium conveying mechanism both flow through the heat absorption chamber (3). At least one heat-conducting element (31) is provided inside the heat absorption chamber (3). Multiple elastic elements (32) are provided between the heat absorption chamber (3) and the heat-conducting element (31). The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the exhaust gas through the heat-conducting element (31). When the exhaust gas flow rate changes, the heat-conducting element (31) changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust gas flow area in the heat absorption chamber (3).

2. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple elastic elements (32) are mounted on the heat absorption chamber (3) via support members, and multiple sets of heat dissipation fins (33) are provided on one side of the heat conduction element (31).

3. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thermally conductive element (31) is made of thermally conductive material.

4. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water removal device (2) is provided between the internal combustion engine (1) and the heat absorption chamber (3). The water removal device (2) is connected to the internal combustion engine (1) and the heat absorption chamber (3). The water removal device (2) includes a centrifugal chamber (21), a water storage chamber (22) and a centrifugal element (23). The centrifugal chamber (21) is located on the water storage chamber (22).

5. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The centrifugal element (23) includes a rotating shaft (231) and multiple sets of baffles (232). The multiple sets of baffles (232) are located on the rotating shaft (231), and multiple sets of through slots are opened on the baffles (232).

6. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The centrifuge chamber (21) has multiple sets of water inlet channels on its inner wall, the bottom end face of the centrifuge chamber (21) has a slope, the bottom of the centrifuge chamber (21) has a drainage channel, and a drainage valve is installed in the drainage channel.

7. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that: The dewatering device (2) further includes a backflow element (24), which includes an installation chamber (241) located near the centrifugal chamber (21). A driving element (242) is provided on the installation chamber (241), and a guide plate (243) is provided on the driving element (242). The driving element (242) drives the guide plate (243) to move up and down.

8. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross-section of the guide plate (243) is L-shaped.

9. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium conveying mechanism is a condenser tube (5). One end of the condenser tube (5) is connected to the outlet of the output unit for pumping heat exchange medium. A heating jacket (4) is fitted at the air inlet of the internal combustion engine (1). The condenser tube (5) is connected to the heating jacket (4). A through hole is provided on the heat-conducting element (31) for the condenser tube (5) to pass through. The condenser tube (5) passes through the heat-conducting element (31) and the heat absorption chamber (3).

10. A hydrogen internal combustion engine range extender with exhaust waste heat utilization function according to claim 7, characterized in that: The guide plate (243) is equipped with a pressure sensor (6) and a humidity sensor (7), which are electrically connected to the control system.

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