A membraneless self-adapting pressure balance valve with a functional sleeve and a pressure balance method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a membrane-free self-adaptive pressure balance valve with a functional sleeve and a pressure balance method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pressure balance and sealing protection of a closed cavity. The valve comprises a core pressure balance valve, a functional sleeve and a replaceable functional part. The core valve adopts interference fit of an elastic sealing sleeve and a hard boss, a partial deformation of the elastic sleeve is formed by pressure difference to form a gas flow gap, the functional sleeve is connected with the hard boss structure or the equipment wall to form a pre-buffer cavity, and the pre-buffer cavity, the gas flow gap, a gas gap and a gas passage form a multi-stage serial flow channel, and the functional part is detachably replaced and is independent of the core pressure balance function. The application is suitable for closed cavity equipment which needs pressure balance and additional protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pressure balancing and sealing protection technology for sealed cavities, specifically relating to a membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve and its pressure balancing method. This valve adds a detachable functional sleeve to the basic membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve, enabling multi-stage series flow channel pressure regulation, pre-buffering, replaceable functional components, and scenario-based expansion functions. Through a functional redundancy design that separates the core pressure balancing function from the additional filtration / protection function, it ensures that the failure of the additional function does not affect the core pressure balance. It is suitable for sealed cavities requiring pressure balancing and high-level protection, such as energy storage devices, vehicle-mounted equipment, aircraft, robots, life science instruments, marine equipment, explosion-proof equipment, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and precision instruments. It is particularly suitable for frequent pressure fluctuations caused by temperature differences, altitude changes, or variations in operating conditions, as well as special scenarios requiring additional filtration or protection. Background Technology

[0002] During temperature fluctuations, altitude changes, or operational condition switching, the internal gas of a sealed cavity can easily generate a significant internal and external pressure difference due to thermal expansion and contraction. Long-term, repeated pressure differential impacts can lead to bulging and denting of the cavity shell, seal failure, or weld cracking, affecting the structural integrity of the equipment. Simultaneously, existing pressure balancing schemes generally suffer from rapid airflow exchange, easily carrying in external humid air, dust, oil, and other impurities into the cavity. When the internal temperature drops below the dew point, humid air will condense on the cavity walls and component surfaces, potentially causing short circuits, metal corrosion, and component aging, reducing equipment lifespan and operational reliability.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream solutions for achieving pressure balance and protection in the industry are mainly divided into two categories, both of which have inherent limitations:

[0004] The first type is the waterproof and breathable membrane structure. This solution covers the vents of the shell with a microporous membrane (such as an ePTFE membrane), utilizing the micropores of the membrane to allow gas flow while relying on the hydrophobic properties of the membrane to block liquid water. Its inherent limitations are: the gas flow rate is positively correlated with the pressure difference; the greater the pressure difference, the faster the flow rate, making it difficult to buffer instantaneous pressure shocks and easily exacerbating condensation; the membrane micropores are easily clogged when exposed to complex environments such as dust, oil, and salt spray for extended periods, leading to a gradual decrease in breathability; the membrane is a disposable and easily damaged component, requiring periodic replacement after damage or clogging, resulting in high maintenance costs; in humid and cold environments, rapidly entering humid air easily forms condensation within the cavity, making it difficult to effectively suppress corrosion risks.

[0005] The second type is the mechanical breather valve. This design achieves pressure balance through the opening and closing of moving parts such as springs, pistons, and valve cores. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber exceeds a set threshold, the valve core is pushed open to release pressure. Its inherent limitations include: it is in a completely sealed state before opening, and releases pressure instantly with a large diameter after opening, making it difficult to achieve slow gas exchange and resulting in significant pressure shock; the moving parts are prone to jamming, wear, and fatigue failure due to frequent operation over a long period, resulting in low long-term reliability; the structure is complex, requiring high precision in the machining of parts, leading to high manufacturing costs; and it can only achieve a fully open / fully closed on / off action, making it difficult to continuously adjust the opening degree according to the pressure difference, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies include adding protective covers or filter accessories to the outside of the valve body. However, these typically serve only as simple dustproof or impact-resistant structures, failing to synergize with the core pressure balancing valve. Moreover, functional components are often integrated inside the valve body, making replacement difficult and unable to flexibly adapt to different scenarios. More importantly, traditional valves with filter accessories (such as waterproof and breathable membrane valves with dust covers) lose their pressure balancing function once the filter becomes clogged, posing a single point of failure risk. Therefore, the market has long needed a pressure balancing solution that achieves smooth pressure exchange, high reliability, convenient maintenance, and allows for quick replacement of filter or protective components based on the operating environment, while also featuring functional redundancy. This invention is designed specifically to address these core pain points. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical issues

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to overcome the defects of waterproof and breathable membrane structures, such as excessively high flow rates, easy clogging of the diaphragm, and limited lifespan. It also addresses the drawbacks of mechanical breather valves, such as reliance on moving parts, susceptibility to wear and jamming, and difficulty in achieving smooth pressure exchange. Furthermore, it solves problems related to existing valves with accessories, such as limited functionality, inconvenient replacement, lack of coordinated flow control, and lack of functional redundancy. Specifically, the diaphragm of existing waterproof and breathable membrane valves is both a core working component and prone to clogging and failure; once clogged, the entire valve loses its pressure balancing function. Therefore, this invention provides a membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve and its pressure balancing method. While ensuring the core valve is membraneless, has no moving parts, provides smooth pressure exchange, and extends maintenance cycles, a functional sleeve is added to achieve multi-stage series flow control, replaceable functional components, and scenario-specific expansion. The core pressure balancing function is separated from the additional filtration / protection function, achieving functional redundancy design and ensuring that the failure of functional components does not affect the operation of the core valve.

[0009] Technical solution (device)

[0010] A diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve, comprising:

[0011] The core pressure balancing valve includes a rigid boss structure (1) and an elastic sealing sleeve (2); the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fitted onto the outer periphery of the rigid boss structure (1) in an interference fit manner, and the interference fit provides an initial preload to ensure sealing under normal conditions; under normal conditions, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fitted with the outer peripheral surface of the rigid boss structure (1) or a sealing rib provided on the outer peripheral surface to form a seal; a ventilation gap (3) is provided between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the rigid boss structure (1); a ventilation channel (11) is provided inside the rigid boss structure (1), and the ventilation channel (11) is connected to the ventilation gap (3).

[0012] Its mechanical principle is as follows: The interference fit between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the hard boss structure (1) generates a circumferential preload force, which makes the inner wall of the elastic sealing sleeve tightly fit against the outer surface of the boss, forming an initial seal. When a pressure difference ΔP is formed inside and outside the cavity, the pressure difference generates axial and radial components on the elastic sealing sleeve. When ΔP reaches the first preset threshold, the radial component overcomes the local circumferential preload stress, causing the elastic sealing sleeve to generate a small local rebound in the circumferential direction (i.e., the compressed elastic body recovers its deformation), causing the sealing surface to partially separate, forming an initial gas flow gap. The equivalent opening of this gap increases continuously with the increase of the pressure difference. As ΔP increases, the deformation area of ​​the elastic sealing sleeve expands circumferentially, and the gap opening increases continuously until ΔP reaches the second preset threshold, at which point the deformation of the elastic sealing sleeve reaches the structural limit, and the gap opening tends to the maximum value. After that, further increases in pressure difference will not increase the opening, thus achieving flow restriction protection.

[0013] Gas flow path and multi-stage flow channel: Gas flows through the gas flow gap (3) and the ventilation channel (11) in sequence to form a gas flow path. Among them, the gas flow gap, ventilation gap (3) and ventilation channel (11) form at least two levels of cross-sectional abrupt change: the first level of cross-sectional abrupt change is located between the pre-buffer chamber and the gas flow gap (from a large cross-section to a small gap), and the second level of cross-sectional abrupt change is located between the ventilation gap and the ventilation channel (from a narrow gap to a channel hole). The multi-stage variable cross-section flow channel generates local flow resistance (based on Bernoulli's equation, local pressure loss occurs at the cross-sectional abrupt change). During the acceleration-deceleration process, the gas dissipates energy, prolongs the stagnation time, and reduces the instantaneous pressure difference change rate, thereby buffering pressure shock and suppressing condensation formation.

[0014] Functional sleeve and pre-buffered cavity: The functional sleeve (5) is an annular enclosed structure, sleeved on the outside of the core pressure balancing valve, and connected to the rigid boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve or the equipment compartment shell; the inner wall of the functional sleeve (5) and the outer wall of the rigid boss structure (1) enclose to form an annular or irregular gas pre-buffered cavity; the end of the functional sleeve (5) is provided with a functional component mounting position (51). The uniform gap of the pre-buffered cavity can be achieved by positioning the limiting structure and the outer circle of the boss reference, ensuring that the annular gap is uniform.

[0015] Functional components and functional redundancy: The membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve also includes a functional component (6), which is detachably installed at the functional component mounting position (51) and is used to perform additional filtration, moisture absorption, sterilization, salt mist removal or buffering treatment on the gas entering the ventilation channel (11); the functional component (6) does not participate in the pressure balance regulation of the core valve, but only serves as an additional protective layer; the pressure balance function of the core valve and the processing function of the functional component are independent of each other, forming functional redundancy. Its redundancy mechanism is as follows: Under positive pressure conditions, the gas flows out from the inside of the cavity, and the pressure relief channel of the core valve is a gas flow gap. This channel is connected in parallel with the functional component (6) rather than in series. Therefore, when the functional component is completely blocked, the gas can still be discharged directly from the gap; under negative pressure conditions, the gas needs to enter the cavity from the outside. Blockage of the functional component will prevent the gas from entering. At this time, the valve remains sealed to prevent external pollutants from entering. It can maintain a seal under normal negative pressure conditions; if the negative pressure is too high, the valve may produce a small amount of reverse leakage, but this condition rarely occurs and reverse deformation can be limited by the limiting structure (4).

[0016] The multi-stage series flow channel works synergistically: the pre-buffered chamber, gas flow gap, ventilation gap, and ventilation channel are connected in sequence to form a multi-stage series flow channel structure. Among them, the gas flow gap is the main flow limiting element; the ventilation gap provides free deformation space for the elastic sealing sleeve and guides the gas to the ventilation channel to achieve pressure buffering; the pre-buffered chamber further buffers the sudden pressure drop of the airflow through the narrow channel.

[0017] Connection method and installation: The functional sleeve (5) and the rigid boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve or the equipment compartment shell can be connected by a fixed or detachable connection method, including but not limited to threaded connection, snap-fit ​​connection, interference fit, welding, bonding, integral molding, etc. The dependent claims further define the detachable connection method, but do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection. The influence of the two installation directions on the pressure response speed is as follows: When the functional sleeve faces the outside of the cavity (conventional installation), the external gas enters the pre-buffer chamber first and then passes through the core valve, resulting in a good buffering effect and a slightly slower response; when the functional sleeve faces the inside of the cavity (reverse installation), the internal gas enters the pre-buffer chamber first, resulting in a faster response to external negative pressure, but the anti-condensation effect is slightly different. Those skilled in the art can choose the installation direction according to the actual working conditions.

[0018] Quick-release structure for functional components: The functional component (6) and the functional sleeve (5) are connected by a quick-release structure: the inner wall of the end of the functional sleeve (5) is provided with a smooth cylindrical hole, and the outer circumference of the functional component (6) is provided with two annular grooves, which are respectively used to install the first O-ring and the second O-ring; the inner wall of the end of the functional sleeve (5) is also provided with an annular clearance groove corresponding to the first O-ring; during assembly, the functional component (6) is pushed into the functional sleeve (5), and the first O-ring enters the clearance groove. After assembly, a small gap is maintained between the functional component (6) and the side wall of the clearance groove, and it only contacts the side wall of the clearance groove when subjected to axial tension, thereby restricting the axial disengagement of the functional component; the second O-ring is interference-fitted with the smooth cylindrical hole to provide radial sealing. This structure takes into account both the ease of insertion and removal and the reliability of anti-disengagement under vibration conditions. For high vibration environments, O-rings with higher hardness can be selected or an overall replacement scheme can be adopted.

[0019] Ventilation gap implementation method and selection: The ventilation gap (3) is a non-through gap structure that can provide radial deformation clearance for the elastic sealing sleeve (2), including but not limited to the following methods:

[0020] • End face clearance (preferred): Suitable for conventional working conditions, simple to process, and low cost;

[0021] • Hard boss with annular groove on the outer periphery: suitable for high dust environments, the groove can accommodate trace impurities and reduce wear;

[0022] • Annular recess on the inner wall of the elastic sealing sleeve: suitable for mass production in space-constrained or molded applications.

[0023] All three methods can achieve the ventilation gap function, and those skilled in the art can select the appropriate method based on the working conditions.

[0024] Material selection and adaptation: The elastic sealing sleeve (2) is made of elastic polymer materials, such as EPDM (applicable temperature -40~120℃, good weather resistance, suitable for outdoor use), silicone rubber (applicable temperature -60~200℃, resistant to high and low temperatures, suitable for automotive / aviation), and fluororubber (applicable temperature -20~250℃, oil and corrosion resistant, suitable for marine / chemical industries). Those skilled in the art can choose other materials according to the working conditions, and all of them are equivalent substitutes.

[0025] Limiting structure and overpressure protection: A limiting structure (4) is provided between the rigid boss structure (1) and the elastic sealing sleeve (2) to restrict the axial dislodgement of the elastic sealing sleeve (2); the limiting structure (4) is a matching structure of an annular groove and an annular protrusion. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity exceeds the second preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is completely pressed open, and the gas flow gap is kept at the maximum opening to achieve rapid pressure relief and prevent the cavity from being damaged due to excessive pressure.

[0026] Other features: The outer peripheral surface of the rigid boss structure (1) may be provided with at least one annular sealing rib to enhance the sealing performance under normal conditions. The ventilation channel (11) is one or more of the following: straight hole, radial hole, stepped hole, oblique hole, or polygonal hole.

[0027] Technical solutions (methods)

[0028] A method for pressure balancing using a diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve as described in any one of claims 2-8, comprising the following steps:

[0029] 1. Normal sealing: The sealing is achieved by the interference fit between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the hard boss structure (1);

[0030] 2. Additional treatment: The gas is first filtered, dehumidified, sterilized, desalinated or buffered by the functional component (6);

[0031] 3. Pre-buffering: The treated gas enters the pre-buffering cavity between the inner wall of the functional sleeve (5) and the outer wall of the hard boss structure (1), and achieves pressure equalization and slow flow through the annular narrow slit channel, thereby reducing instantaneous pressure fluctuations;

[0032] 4. Pressure differential adaptive opening and closing: When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity reaches the first preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) rebounds locally to form a micro-ventilation gap; within the pressure difference range of the first and second preset thresholds, the gap opening continuously and adaptively increases with the pressure difference; when the pressure difference reaches the second preset threshold, the gap reaches its maximum opening.

[0033] 5. Multi-stage exchange: The gas passes through the gas flow gap, ventilation gap (3), and ventilation channel (11) in sequence to complete the exchange between the inside and outside of the cavity. The gas flow rate is slowed down and the instantaneous pressure difference change rate is reduced through the multi-stage cross-section abrupt flow channel, which inhibits the growth of condensation in the sealed cavity.

[0034] 6. Overpressure protection: When the pressure difference exceeds the second preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fully pressed open, the gas flow gap is kept at the maximum opening, the internal and external pressures are quickly balanced, and the cavity is prevented from being overloaded;

[0035] 7. Reset seal: After the pressure difference is eliminated, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) resets itself by its own elasticity, the gas flow gap is closed, and the normal seal is restored.

[0036] Beneficial effects

[0037] 1. The multi-stage series flow channels (pre-buffered chamber, gas flow gap, ventilation gap, ventilation channel) generate local flow resistance through abrupt changes in cross-section, prolonging the gas stagnation time and reducing the rate of change of instantaneous pressure difference, thereby buffering pressure shocks and reducing the risk of condensation.

[0038] 2. The functional component serves only as an additional protective layer and does not participate in the core pressure balance regulation. Under positive pressure conditions, the core valve's pressure relief channel is connected in parallel with the functional component; blockage of the functional component does not affect pressure relief. Under negative pressure conditions, the valve remains sealed, preventing the intrusion of external contaminants.

[0039] 3. With interchangeable functional components (sterile filter membrane, dustproof mesh, hydrophobic and breathable membrane, moisture-absorbing layer, etc.), the same core valve can be quickly adapted to special scenarios such as biological cleanroom, outdoor dustproof, marine salt spray prevention, and high humidity dehumidification without changing the valve body structure.

[0040] 4. The core valve adopts a diaphragmless structure, abandoning the microporous venting method. There is no risk of diaphragm micropore blockage or damage. The venting performance is stable over long-term use, and there is no need to replace vulnerable parts regularly. Under normal operating conditions, the maintenance cycle can be extended.

[0041] 5. Without moving parts such as springs and pistons, the structure avoids the risks of wear, jamming, and fatigue failure.

[0042] 6. The opening of the gas flow gap is continuously and dynamically adjusted according to the pressure difference, without the need for external control, and can adapt to pressure difference changes caused by different temperature differences, altitudes, and operating conditions.

[0043] 7. The functional sleeve forms a physical isolation barrier, which can resist external mechanical impact, dust, oil, ultraviolet rays and other environmental factors, and reduce the aging rate of the elastic sealing sleeve.

[0044] 8. Functional sleeves can be installed on valve bodies or equipment compartment walls, with various connection methods to adapt to different design requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention (with added functional sleeve and functional component). The figure shows the relative positions of the rigid boss structure (1), the ventilation channel (11), the elastic sealing sleeve (2), the ventilation gap (3), the limiting structure (4), the functional sleeve (5), the functional component mounting position (51), and the functional component (6), as well as the gas flow path (arrow indication). Among them, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fitted on the outer periphery of the hard boss structure (1) with an interference fit; the limiting structure (4) is a matching structure of annular groove and annular protrusion, which is used to restrict the axial dislodgement of the elastic sealing sleeve (2); the functional sleeve (5) is fitted on the outside of the core pressure balance valve through a threaded connection, and its inner wall and the outer wall of the hard boss structure (1) form an annular pre-buffer cavity; the functional component (6) is detachably installed at the functional component mounting position (51) through a double O-ring structure; the gas flow path is: functional component (6) → pre-buffer cavity → gas flow gap → ventilation gap (3) → ventilation channel (11), realizing multi-level buffering and pressure balance.

[0046] Figure Labels

[0047] 1- Rigid boss structure; 11- Ventilation channel; 2- Elastic sealing sleeve; 3- Ventilation gap; 4- Limiting structure; 5- Functional sleeve; 51- Functional component mounting position; 6- Functional component. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The specific dimensions, materials, and values ​​in the following embodiments are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust them according to actual working conditions.

[0049] Example 1 (Basic core valve, using end face gap method)

[0050] See Figure 1 This embodiment only shows the core pressure balancing valve part, namely the hard boss structure (1) and the elastic sealing sleeve (2). Figure 1 The functional sleeve (5) and functional component (6) in the figure are only schematic diagrams and do not include these two in this embodiment. A membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve (core valve) includes a rigid boss structure (1) and an elastic sealing sleeve (2). The rigid boss structure (1) is made of stainless steel with a nominal outer diameter D=8mm; the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is made of EPDM with a hardness of Shore A 60 and a radial interference of 0.12mm according to δ=0.015D. The elastic sealing sleeve (2) is interference-fitted with the outer circumferential surface of the rigid boss structure (1), and a venting gap (3) is reserved between its inner end face and the end face of the boss. In this embodiment, the venting gap (3) is achieved by end face gap: an axial gap with a width of 0.3mm is reserved between the end face of the rigid boss structure (1) and the inner end face of the elastic sealing sleeve (2). The annular flow cross-sectional area of ​​this gap is larger than the cross-sectional area when the gas flow gap is at its maximum opening, providing deformation space and guiding the venting channel. The rigid boss structure (1) has an internal ventilation channel (11) (a straight hole with a diameter of 2 mm) that communicates with the end face gap. A limiting structure (4) (annular groove and annular protrusion) is provided between the rigid boss structure (1) and the elastic sealing sleeve (2) to prevent axial dislodgement. The end face gap is controlled by a dimensional chain to ensure that it is 0.3 mm. The interference fit length is 6 mm.

[0051] Assembly process: Apply lubricant, use conventional guide cone surface press-in tooling, control the press-in speed, and ensure consistency of concentricity and interference fit.

[0052] Working principle: The first preset threshold (opening pressure difference) is approximately 0.3-0.5 kPa, and the second preset threshold (fully open pressure difference) is approximately 5 kPa. The opening pressure difference is positively correlated with the radial interference, the thickness of the elastic sealing sleeve, and the elastic modulus of the material, and negatively correlated with the mating length and the coefficient of friction. Those skilled in the art can determine this through conventional elasticity calculations or experimental calibration. When the pressure difference is between 0.3 and 5 kPa, the elastic sealing sleeve exhibits localized rebound, and the gap opening continuously increases with the increase of the pressure difference; when it exceeds 5 kPa, it is fully opened, achieving overpressure protection; it automatically resets when the pressure difference drops.

[0053] Reset reliability: EPDM compression set is <20%, ensuring reliable reset sealing within normal service life. Fluororubber or silicone rubber can be selected for dustproof, salt spray, and high / low temperature conditions.

[0054] Example 2 (Addition of functional sleeves and components, conventional installation)

[0055] See Figure 1 In Example 1, a functional sleeve (5) is added to the outside and threaded onto the outer periphery of the rigid boss structure (1). A 0.2mm gap (within Φ0.05mm coaxiality) is left between the inner wall and the outer wall of the boss to form a pre-buffer cavity. The coaxiality of the assembly is ensured by positioning the limiting structure (4) with the outer circle of the boss reference. The inner wall of the end of the functional sleeve is provided with a smooth cylindrical hole and an annular clearance groove. The functional component (6) encapsulates a sterile filter membrane (pore size ≤0.22μm). Two O-ring grooves are provided on the outer periphery to install the first O-ring (hardness Shore A 70) and the second O-ring (Shore A 60). The clearance groove gap is 0.1mm (tolerance +0.02 / -0). After assembly, the first O-ring is axially limited in the clearance groove; the second O-ring is sealed with the hole by interference fit.

[0056] Working process: When the pressure difference is 0.5 kPa, the elastic sleeve deforms, and the gas is exchanged through the functional component, the pre-buffered cavity, the gas flow gap, the ventilation gap (3), and the ventilation channel (11). The pre-buffered cavity and the end face gap buffer the airflow, and the condensation suppression is enhanced.

[0057] Functional redundancy verification: When the functional components are completely blocked, the core valve depressurizes normally under positive pressure (≤10kPa); the valve remains sealed under normal negative pressure conditions; a small amount of reverse leakage may occur under extreme negative pressure, but this condition is extremely rare. In a high-viscosity oily environment, the narrow channel (0.2mm) of the pre-buffer chamber generates high shear flow, hindering the migration of contaminants to the core sealing surface and reducing the risk of contamination.

[0058] Installation direction: This embodiment is a conventional installation (functional sleeve facing outwards). External gas first passes through the pre-buffer chamber before entering the core valve, ensuring sufficient buffering. In reverse installation, internal gas first passes through the pre-buffer chamber, improving response speed but slightly reducing condensation suppression. Users can choose according to their operating conditions.

[0059] Example 3 (Functional Component Type Replacement)

[0060] Based on Example 2, the type of functional component is changed:

[0061] • Outdoor dustproof: Encased with 100-mesh stainless steel dustproof mesh;

[0062] • Marine salt spray protection: Encapsulated with a PTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane (breathability ≥1000ml / min / cm²@7kPa);

[0063] • Bio-clean: Encapsulated with a 0.22μm sterile filter membrane;

[0064] • High humidity environment: Encapsulate a molecular sieve moisture-absorbing layer (the moisture-absorbing layer can be made of porous adsorption materials such as molecular sieves and silica gel).

[0065] Quick plug-and-play replacement, no tools required.

[0066] Example 4 (Functional sleeve installed on the equipment compartment wall)

[0067] In another implementation, the functional sleeve is directly welded to the equipment compartment wall, surrounding the outside of the core valve to form an irregularly shaped pre-buffered cavity. In this implementation, the installation of the functional sleeve does not rely on a rigid boss structure, making it suitable for situations where the compartment wall installation space is limited. The shape of the pre-buffered cavity can be adapted to an irregular shape according to the compartment wall structure.

[0068] Example 5 (functional sleeve and hard boss integrally formed)

[0069] As another implementation, the functional sleeve (5) and the rigid boss structure (1) are integrally formed without assembly gaps, resulting in high structural rigidity. The gap of the pre-buffer cavity is directly guaranteed by machining, eliminating the need for additional assembly and positioning. It is suitable for high-vibration and high-protection-level operating conditions. The functional component (6) retains its detachable quick-connect structure.

[0070] Example 6 (Integrated replacement of functional components and functional sleeves)

[0071] In another implementation, the functional component (6) and the functional sleeve (5) are prefabricated as an integral assembly, and the functional sleeve (5) is detachably connected to the hard boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve by threads. When the functional component needs to be replaced, the entire functional sleeve assembly is unscrewed and replaced, avoiding the sealing aging caused by frequent insertion and removal of the functional component. This is suitable for highly corrosive working conditions where frequent disassembly and assembly are not advisable.

[0072] Explanation of how the ventilation gap is implemented

[0073] The ventilation gap (3) of this invention can be implemented in three ways, and the selection is recommended as follows:

[0074] • End face clearance (preferred): Simple processing, low cost, suitable for conventional working conditions;

[0075] • Annular groove: can hold trace amounts of dust, suitable for high dust environments;

[0076] • Inner wall recess: Suitable for mass production using mold forming.

[0077] All three methods are equivalent implementation methods.

[0078] Parameter selection and engineering guidance

[0079] parameter Recommended value range Process Recommendations Radial interference 0.01D~0.05D (D is the nominal diameter) Adjust according to the material hardness; use a smaller value for higher hardness. Pre-buffer gap 0.1mm~0.3mm Coaxiality Φ0.05mm, surface roughness Ra1.6 Clearance of the clearance slot 0.05mm~0.2mm, tolerance +0.02 / -0 Tolerance H7 / f7 O-ring hardness Radial seal Shore A 60±5, axial limit Shore A 70±5 High hardness is selected for vibration environments

[0080] Description of equivalent implementation methods

[0081] The replaceability of functional components in this invention can be achieved through various structures. The fixed connection between the functional sleeve and the core valve includes, but is not limited to, welding, bonding, and integral molding. The detachable methods for the functional components and functional sleeve include, but are not limited to, double O-rings, snap-fits, screw fasteners, and magnetic attraction. Specifically, by configuring the elastic sealing sleeve as a sleeve structure with an inner hole and the hard boss as a mandrel structure inserted into that inner hole—that is, by changing the mating surface of the elastic sealing sleeve and the hard boss from the outer circumferential surface to the inner circumferential surface in a reverse fit—the interference seal and differential pressure adaptive gap of this invention can also be achieved, constituting an equivalent alternative to this invention.

[0082] The opening of the gas flow gap increases continuously with the pressure difference, including but not limited to linear or nonlinear monotonic relationships.

[0083] All structural modifications based on the core principles of this invention (interference sealing, pressure differential-driven elastic deformation, multi-stage flow channel buffering, and functional redundancy) fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve, characterized in that, include: The core pressure balancing valve includes a rigid boss structure (1) and an elastic sealing sleeve (2). The elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fitted onto the outer periphery of the rigid boss structure (1) with an interference fit. The interference fit provides an initial preload to ensure sealing under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fitted with the outer periphery of the rigid boss structure (1) or a sealing rib provided on the outer periphery to form a seal. A venting gap (3) is provided between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the rigid boss structure (1). A venting channel (11) is provided inside the rigid boss structure (1), and the venting channel (11) is connected to the venting gap (3). When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cavity exceeds a first preset threshold, the force generated by the pressure difference overcomes the local preload, causing the elastic sealing sleeve (2) to release the pressure. The elastic sealing sleeve (2) rebounds locally, forming a gas flow gap between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the outer peripheral surface or sealing rib of the hard boss structure (1). The opening of the gas flow gap increases continuously with the increase of the pressure difference until the pressure difference reaches the second preset threshold and the gap reaches the maximum opening. When the pressure difference exceeds the second preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is completely pressed open, and the gas flow gap remains at the maximum opening to achieve rapid pressure relief. After the pressure difference is eliminated, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) returns to normal sealing by its own elasticity. The gas flow gap, ventilation gap (3) and ventilation channel (11) form at least two levels of cross-sectional abrupt change, wherein the first level of cross-sectional abrupt change is located between the pre-buffer chamber and the gas flow gap, and the second level of cross-sectional abrupt change is located between the ventilation gap and the ventilation channel. A functional sleeve (5) is fitted onto the outside of the core pressure balancing valve and connected to the rigid boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve or the equipment compartment shell; the inner wall of the functional sleeve (5) and the outer wall of the rigid boss structure (1) enclose to form an annular or irregular gas pre-buffering cavity; a functional component mounting position (51) is provided at the end of the functional sleeve (5). The pre-buffered cavity, gas flow gap, ventilation gap (3), and ventilation channel (11) are connected in sequence.

2. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a functional component (6), which is detachably installed at the functional component mounting position (51) for additional filtration, moisture absorption, sterilization, salt mist removal or buffering of the gas entering the ventilation channel (11); the functional component (6) does not participate in the pressure balance regulation of the core valve, but only serves as an additional protective layer; the pressure balance function of the core valve and the processing function of the functional component are independent of each other, forming functional redundancy.

3. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional sleeve (5) is detachably connected to the hard boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve or the equipment compartment shell by means of threaded connection, snap-fit ​​connection or interference fit.

4. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap width of the gas pre-buffer chamber is 0.1mm to 0.3mm.

5. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 2, characterized in that, The functional component (6) is an independent shell structure, which is encapsulated with a functional layer inside. The functional layer includes at least one of a sterile filter membrane, a dustproof mesh, a hydrophobic and breathable membrane, a moisture-absorbing layer, and an antibacterial coating.

6. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 2, characterized in that, The functional component (6) and the functional sleeve (5) are connected by a quick-release structure: the inner wall of the end of the functional sleeve (5) is provided with a smooth cylindrical hole, and the outer circumference of the functional component (6) is provided with two annular grooves, which are respectively installed with the first O-ring and the second O-ring; the inner wall of the end of the functional sleeve (5) is also provided with an annular clearance groove corresponding to the first O-ring; during assembly, the functional component (6) is pushed into the functional sleeve (5), and the first O-ring enters the clearance groove. After assembly, a small gap is maintained between the functional component (6) and the side wall of the clearance groove, and it only contacts the side wall of the clearance groove when subjected to axial tension, thereby restricting the functional component from axially dislodging; the second O-ring is interference-fitted with the smooth cylindrical hole to provide radial sealing.

7. The diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional sleeve (5) is integrally formed with the rigid boss structure (1).

8. The diaphragmless adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve according to claim 2, characterized in that, The functional component (6) is integrally formed with the functional sleeve (5), and the functional sleeve (5) is detachably connected to the hard boss structure (1) of the core pressure balancing valve.

9. A method for pressure balancing using a diaphragm-less adaptive pressure balancing valve with a functional sleeve as described in any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Normal sealing: sealing is achieved by the interference fit between the elastic sealing sleeve (2) and the hard boss structure (1); (2) Additional treatment: The gas is first filtered, humidified, sterilized, desalinated or buffered by the functional component (6); (3) Pre-buffering: The treated gas enters the pre-buffering cavity between the inner wall of the functional sleeve (5) and the outer wall of the hard boss structure (1) to buffer the pressure impact; (4) Differential pressure adaptive opening and closing: When the differential pressure is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) undergoes local elastic deformation to form a gas flow gap, and the gap opening continuously increases with the differential pressure. (5) Multi-stage exchange: The gas is exchanged sequentially through the gas flow gap, the ventilation gap (3), and the ventilation channel (11); (6) Overpressure protection: When the pressure difference exceeds the second preset threshold, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) is fully pressed open to achieve rapid pressure relief; (7) Reset seal: After the pressure difference is eliminated, the elastic sealing sleeve (2) relies on elastic reset to restore the seal.

10. A device, characterized in that, Including the membraneless adaptive pressure balancing valve with functional sleeve as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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