Non-calibration stress measurement method based on ultrasonic double wave method and incremental deformation mechanics and related device

Abstract

This application discloses a calibration-free stress measurement method and related apparatus based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, relating to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing computation. This method uses a dual-channel excitation sensor to emit ultrasonic transverse and longitudinal waves, respectively. A dual-channel receiving sensor, symmetrically arranged on the other surface of the test piece, collects the longitudinal and transverse wave time-domain signals under stress. Based on the test piece's structural type, the corresponding signal and a suitable height calculation formula are selected to first calculate the test piece height. Then, based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and the control equations established by the corresponding wave propagation characteristics, a stress formula is derived, and the stress value is calculated in conjunction with the height. This scheme eliminates the need for calibration operations and high-order elastic constant determination, effectively avoiding the limitations of traditional ultrasonic stress measurement. It is compatible with two common structural types, significantly improving the convenience and accuracy of measurement, and providing an efficient and reliable solution for stress nondestructive testing of critical industrial facilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing calculation, and in particular to a calibration-free stress measurement method and related apparatus based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industry, critical industrial facilities such as pressure vessels and piping systems are increasingly characterized by their large size and complexity. During manufacturing and use, these facilities face complex stress conditions, including pressure and load, making them highly susceptible to stress concentration. Stress concentration caused by welding residual stress and alternating loads has become a major contributing factor to accidents such as structural cracking and media leakage. Therefore, stress measurement technology is of paramount importance as a core tool for product quality control, safety assessment, and risk prevention.

[0003] Currently, there are various stress testing methods. Among them, ultrasonic testing methods have been widely used in the field of non-destructive stress state assessment due to their relatively simple equipment structure, fast testing speed, and non-destructive and non-radioactive characteristics. Existing ultrasonic stress measurement methods based on the acoustoelastic effect are usually based on constitutive relation models that include third-order elastic constants. Since the solution process of such models is highly dependent on higher-order elastic parameters, which are difficult to obtain through direct measurement, existing technologies generally require calibration to obtain the required parameters, thus affecting the applicability and scalability of stress testing methods.

[0004] In 2022, Li Yukun et al. disclosed a "method for measuring the stress of in-service oil and gas pipelines using a bidirectional ultrasonic probe" in patent publication number CN114878041. This invention requires calibration of the ultrasonic transit time using a bidirectional zero-stress tensile specimen to ensure the accuracy of stress measurement. Although it does not involve the measurement of third-order elastic constants, the calibration work using a zero-stress specimen is still an essential step that is difficult to avoid. This application aims to solve the technical problem of existing ultrasonic stress measurement methods relying on calibration operations and the determination of higher-order elastic constants. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a calibration-free stress measurement method and related device based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, which is compatible with two common structural types and greatly improves the convenience and accuracy of stress measurement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, comprising the following steps: The dual-channel excitation sensor is controlled to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves.

[0007] A dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals at the test point of the specimen under stress. The first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals. The dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen under test.

[0008] Select either ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the test specimen, and calculate the height of the test specimen according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type; the structural type of the test specimen is a plate and shell structure or a shaft structure.

[0009] Select either ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested. Calculate the stress value of the specimen based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen. The stress calculation formula is derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress, and is used to characterize the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory, combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress is also established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory, combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

[0010] Optionally, the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or the ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal is selected according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested. The height of the specimen to be tested is calculated according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type. The specific steps include: If the test specimen is a plate or shell structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test specimen is determined based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal.

[0011] Based on the height calculation formula for plate and shell structures, and combined with the propagation time and speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves, the height of the test specimen is calculated.

[0012] If the test piece is a shaft / rod structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic shear wave time domain signal.

[0013] The height of the test specimen is calculated based on the height calculation formula for shaft / rod structures, combined with the propagation time and speed of ultrasonic transverse waves.

[0014] Optionally, the formula for calculating the height of plate and shell structures is as follows: .

[0015] in, d The height of the test specimen. v p The propagation speed of the longitudinal wave of ultrasound. The propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is denoted as .

[0016] The formula for calculating the height of shaft / rod structures is shown below: .

[0017] in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

[0018] Optionally, depending on the structural type of the specimen, either an ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or an ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal is selected. Based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen, the stress value of the specimen is calculated. This specifically includes the following steps: If the test piece is a plate or shell structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic shear wave time domain signal.

[0019] The propagation speed of the ultrasonic shear wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave.

[0020] Based on the propagation velocity of ultrasonic transverse waves, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures.

[0021] If the test piece is a shaft / rod structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal.

[0022] The propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave.

[0023] Based on the propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal waves, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures.

[0024] Alternatively, the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic shear wave can be calculated according to the following formula: .

[0025] in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... d The height of the test specimen. The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

[0026] The stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures is shown below: .

[0027] in, S 11 For along x Stress data in direction 1 ρ This represents the material density.

[0028] The propagation speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves can be calculated using the following formula: .

[0029] in, v p The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

[0030] The stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures is shown below: .

[0031] in, S 33 For along x Stress data in three directions λ and μ The Lamé coefficient of the test specimen is given. x The third direction is perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece. x 1. Direction and x The two directions are perpendicular to each other. x 1. Direction and x The plane formed by the two directions is parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen. x 1. x 2 and x The three directions form a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.

[0032] Alternatively, the control equation for ultrasonic shear waves under stress is shown below: .

[0033] in, For the Laplace operator, For the displacement component of a plane wave along x 1. Polarized transverse wave displacement potential t For time.

[0034] The control equation for ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress is shown below: .

[0035] in,u 3 is x Displacement components in 3 directions, denominator x 3 or t This indicates the direction of differentiation, i.e., the displacement component. u 3 along the direction x 3 or time t The rate of change.

[0036] Secondly, this application provides a calibration-free stress measurement system based on the ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, including the following functional modules: The dual-channel excitation module is used to control the dual-channel excitation sensor to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves.

[0037] The dual-channel receiving module is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals at the test point of the test specimen under stress using a dual-channel receiving sensor; the first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals; the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen.

[0038] The specimen height calculation module is used to select the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal or the ultrasonic transverse wave time domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested, and calculate the height of the specimen to be tested according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type; the structural type of the specimen to be tested is a plate and shell structure or a shaft structure.

[0039] The specimen stress calculation module is used to select either ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen under test. Based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen under test, it calculates the stress value of the specimen under test. The stress calculation formula is a calculation formula derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress, which characterizes the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

[0040] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics described above.

[0041] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the aforementioned calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics.

[0042] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the aforementioned calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics.

[0043] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed: This application provides a calibration-free stress measurement method and related apparatus based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics. In this method, firstly, a dual-channel excitation sensor is controlled to emit ultrasonic transverse and longitudinal waves to the stressed specimen. The first channel emits transverse waves, and the second channel emits longitudinal waves. Independent emission of the two channels avoids signal interference, laying a solid foundation for subsequent detection accuracy. Then, a dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire the corresponding time-domain signal at the detection point. The first channel acquires longitudinal wave signals, and the second channel acquires transverse wave signals. The transmitting and receiving sensors are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the specimen to ensure a stable ultrasonic transmission path, significantly improving accuracy. The accuracy of propagation time detection is improved. Subsequently, based on the structural type of the test specimen (plate / shell type / shaft type), the corresponding time domain signal is selected and the height is calculated according to the appropriate height calculation formula. The design adaptable to different structural types broadens the application scenarios of the method. Finally, based on the structural type of the test specimen, the corresponding time domain signal is selected, and the stress formula is derived from the control equation established by the incremental deformation mechanics theory and the corresponding wave propagation characteristics. Combined with the calculated height, the stress value is calculated. This derivation logic can establish a direct relationship between wave velocity and stress without calibration, which not only avoids the difficulty of determining high-order elastic constants, but also significantly improves the convenience and accuracy of measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a calibrationless stress measurement device based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, provided as an embodiment of this application, for stress measurement.

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the stress measurement of a plate and shell structure using an uncalibrated stress measurement device based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the stress measurement of shaft / rod structures using an uncalibrated stress measurement device based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a non-calibrated stress measuring device based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics performing multi-angle measurements, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the stress value calculated and the applied stress value based on an uncalibrated stress measurement method using ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a calibration-free stress measurement system based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics provided in this application embodiment, in an exemplary embodiment, is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: A1. Control the dual-channel excitation sensor to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves.

[0056] A2. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal and ultrasonic transverse wave time domain signal at the test point of the test specimen under stress are collected using a dual-channel receiving sensor; the first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to collect the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to collect the ultrasonic transverse wave time domain signal; the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen.

[0057] In practical applications, the received signals from the two channels of the dual-channel receiving sensor are respectively u p = y ( t p )and u s = y ( t s ),in, u p and u s The ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal and ultrasonic transverse wave time domain signal are acquired by the two channels of the dual-channel receiving sensor; t p The propagation time of the longitudinal wave at the test point of the specimen under test; t s This is the propagation time of the transverse wave at the test point of the specimen to be tested.

[0058] A3. Select either the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or the ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen. Calculate the height of the specimen using the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type. The structural type of the specimen is either a plate / shell structure or a shaft / rod structure. The structural type of the specimen can be determined based on its geometry.

[0059] When performing stress measurements on the test specimen, a specific analysis is required. If it is necessary to obtain the stress along the height direction of the test specimen, the stress measurement should be performed according to the method for shaft / rod structures. If it is not necessary to know the stress along the height direction, the stress measurement should be performed according to the method for plate / shell structures.

[0060] A4. Select either the ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested. Calculate the stress value of the specimen based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen. The stress calculation formula is a formula derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress, used to characterize the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory, combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory, combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

[0061] In another exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a calibration-free stress measurement device based on the ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics. Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a dual-channel excitation sensor, a dual-channel receiving sensor, and a host computer (not shown) that communicates with the two sensors. The dual-channel excitation sensor is used to excite ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the stressed specimen. The dual-channel receiving sensor is used to collect the time-domain signals of the ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress. The host computer is used to implement steps A1 to A4 in the above method embodiment to obtain the stress value on the detection path of the specimen. The detection path is the propagation path between the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor. Specifically, when the specimen is a plate or shell structure, the stress measurement process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown; when the test specimen is a shaft / rod structure, the stress measurement process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment, step A3 includes the following steps: If the test piece is a plate or shell structure, then as follows Figure 3 As shown, the height of the test specimen is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and steps A31 to A32 are executed.

[0063] A31. Determine the propagation time of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in the test specimen based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal.

[0064] A32. Based on the height calculation formula for plate and shell structures, and considering the propagation time and velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal waves, the height of the test specimen is calculated. Specifically, the height calculation formula for plate and shell structures is as follows: .

[0065] in, d The height of the test specimen. v p The propagation speed of the longitudinal wave of ultrasound. This represents the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. It can be understood that the propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave here is... v p The theoretical longitudinal wave velocity is derived using the inherent parameters of the material.

[0066] If the test piece is a shaft / rod structure, then as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the height of the test specimen is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave, and steps A33 to A34 are executed.

[0067] A33. Determine the propagation time of ultrasonic shear waves in the test specimen based on the ultrasonic shear wave time domain signal.

[0068] A34. Based on the height calculation formula for shaft / rod structures, and combined with the propagation time and velocity of ultrasonic shear waves, the height of the test specimen is calculated. Specifically, the height calculation formula for shaft / rod structures is as follows: .

[0069] in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... This represents the propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave. It can be understood that the propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave here is... v s The theoretical transverse wave velocity is derived using the inherent parameters of the material.

[0070] In a further embodiment, step A4 specifically includes the following steps: If the test piece is a plate or shell structure, then as follows Figure 3 As shown, the transverse wave velocity is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave and the height of the test specimen, and then the stress value of the test specimen is calculated. Steps A41 to A43 are then executed.

[0071] A41. Determine the propagation time of ultrasonic shear waves in the test specimen based on the ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal.

[0072] A42. The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic shear wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave. Specifically, the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic shear wave is calculated according to the following formula: .

[0073] in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... d The height of the test specimen. The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

[0074] A43. Based on the propagation velocity of ultrasonic shear waves, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures. The stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures is shown below: .

[0075] in, S 11 For along x Stress data in direction 1 ρ This represents the material density.

[0076] If the tested component is a shaft / rod structure, then as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the longitudinal wave velocity is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and the height of the test specimen, and then the stress value of the test specimen is calculated. Steps A44 to A45 are then executed.

[0077] A44. Determine the propagation time of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in the test specimen based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal.

[0078] A45. The propagation velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. Specifically, the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is calculated according to the following formula: .

[0079] in, v p The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

[0080] A46. Based on the propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal waves, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures. The stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures is shown below: .

[0081] in, S 33 For along x Stress data in three directions λ and μ The Lamé coefficient of the test specimen is given. x The third direction is perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece. x 1. Direction and x The two directions are perpendicular to each other. x 1. Direction and x The plane formed by the two directions is parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen. x 1. x 2 and x The three directions form a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.

[0082] When performing stress measurements on test specimens of plate and shell structures, the reason for "selecting ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals to determine height and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals to determine stress" is that, in plate and shell structure specimens, the longitudinal wave velocity is mainly determined by the inherent physical parameters of the material (Lame coefficient λ, μ, density ρ), and the influence of stress changes is negligible. Therefore, the theoretical longitudinal wave velocity derived from the inherent parameters of the material fully meets the accuracy requirements of the "height measurement benchmark". In contrast to longitudinal waves, transverse wave velocity is a sensitive function of stress. Stress changes will directly cause a significant shift in transverse wave velocity. If the transverse wave also adopts the "theoretical wave velocity derived from the inherent parameters of the material", only the transverse wave velocity in the stress-free state can be obtained, which cannot reflect the wave velocity changes caused by actual stress, and therefore cannot deduce the stress value - which would completely violate the stress measurement logic of this application.

[0083] Similarly, when measuring the stress of test specimens of shaft / rod structures, the reason for "selecting ultrasonic shear wave time domain signals to determine the height and ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signals to determine the stress" is that in shaft / rod structure specimens, the shear wave velocity is mainly determined by the inherent physical parameters of the material and is negligible due to stress changes, while the longitudinal wave velocity is a sensitive function of stress, and stress changes will directly cause a significant shift in the shear wave velocity.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the control equation for ultrasonic shear waves under stress is as follows: .

[0085] in, For the Laplace operator, For the displacement component of a plane wave along x 1. Polarized transverse wave displacement potential t For time.

[0086] The control equation for ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress is shown below: .

[0087] in, u 3 is x Displacement components in 3 directions, denominator x 3 or t This indicates the direction of differentiation, i.e., the displacement component. u 3 along the direction x 3 or time t The rate of change.

[0088] In another exemplary embodiment of this application, such as Figure 5As shown, the above steps can be repeated by adjusting the angles of the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor to obtain the stress values ​​corresponding to different angles, and the magnitude of the principal stress in the local area can be determined by analytical method, graphical method or Mohr's circle method. Figure 6 This diagram shows a comparison between the stress value calculated by the method proposed in this application and the applied stress value. Experimental results show that in typical metallic materials, the measurement error of this method is less than 8%, the repeatability is better than 0.5%, and it is suitable for online detection needs under complex working conditions.

[0089] The solution provided in the above embodiments of this application achieves simultaneous excitation and acquisition of ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse waves using a dual-channel sensor. Utilizing the differences in the propagation characteristics of the two waves in specimens with different structural types, the specimen height and target wave velocity are calculated separately, thereby determining the stress value. This technical solution eliminates the need to determine the higher-order elastic constants of the material and to perform calibration using zero-stress specimens, solving the technical problem of stress measurement relying on calibration and higher-order elastic parameters in existing technologies. It is also compatible with the testing of specimens of various structural types, such as plates and shells, shafts / rods, expanding its application scenarios. Furthermore, by measuring multi-angle stress values ​​using a rotating sensor and combining it with relevant algorithms to determine the principal stress, it further improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the measurement, providing a more efficient and reliable solution for non-destructive testing of stress in critical industrial facilities.

[0090] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a system for implementing the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wavelength method and incremental deformation mechanics as described above. The solution provided by this system is similar to the implementation described in the above method. In an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 7 As shown, a calibration-free stress measurement system based on the ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics is provided, including the following functional modules: The dual-channel excitation module is used to control the dual-channel excitation sensor to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves.

[0091] The dual-channel receiving module is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals at the test point of the test specimen under stress using a dual-channel receiving sensor; the first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals; the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen.

[0092] The specimen height calculation module is used to select the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal or the ultrasonic transverse wave time domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested, and calculate the height of the specimen to be tested according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type; the structural type of the specimen to be tested is a plate and shell structure or a shaft structure.

[0093] The specimen stress calculation module is used to select either ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen under test. Based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen under test, it calculates the stress value of the specimen under test. The stress calculation formula is a calculation formula derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress, which characterizes the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

[0094] certainly, Figure 7 The architecture shown is merely exemplary; it can be omitted as needed when implementing different functionalities. Figure 7 One or at least two components of the system shown.

[0095] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server or a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows. Figure 8 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) interfaces, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interfaces are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is also connected to the system bus via the I / O interfaces. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage medium. The I / O interfaces are used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for communicating with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wavelength method and incremental deformation mechanics provided in the previous embodiment.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0097] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0098] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0099] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0100] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Moreover, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the country where the location is located, and with the authorization granted by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0102] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0103] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0104] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, characterized in that, include: The dual-channel excitation sensor is controlled to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in the test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves. A dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals at the detection point of the test specimen under stress. The first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals. The dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen. Based on the structural type of the test specimen, either ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal is selected, and the height of the test specimen is calculated according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type; the structural type of the test specimen is a plate and shell structure or a shaft and rod structure. Based on the structural type of the test specimen, either an ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or an ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal is selected. The stress value of the test specimen is calculated using the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the test specimen. The stress calculation formula is a formula derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress, used to characterize the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory, combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The control equation for ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress is established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

2. The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the structural type of the test specimen, either the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or the ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal is selected. The height of the test specimen is then calculated using the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type, specifically including: If the test piece is a plate or shell structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal. The height of the test specimen is calculated based on the height calculation formula for plate and shell structures, combined with the propagation time and propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. If the test piece is a shaft / rod structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic shear wave time domain signal. The height of the test specimen is calculated based on the height calculation formula for shaft / rod structures, combined with the propagation time and speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave.

3. The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the height of plate and shell structures is as follows: ； in, d The height of the test specimen. v p The propagation speed of the longitudinal wave of ultrasound. The propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave; The formula for calculating the height of shaft / rod structures is shown below: ； in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave is denoted as .

4. The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the structural type of the test specimen, either an ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or an ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal is selected. According to the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the test specimen, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated, specifically including: If the test piece is a plate or shell structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic shear wave time domain signal. The propagation speed of the ultrasonic shear wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic shear wave. Based on the propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures. If the test piece is a shaft / rod structure, the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test piece is determined based on the ultrasonic longitudinal wave time domain signal. The propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is calculated by combining the height of the test specimen and the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave. Based on the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, the stress value of the test specimen is calculated according to the stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures.

5. The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The propagation speed of ultrasonic shear waves can be calculated using the following formula: ； in, v s The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... d The height of the test specimen. The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave; The stress calculation formula for plate and shell structures is shown below: ； in, S 11 For along x Stress data in direction 1 ρ The density of the material; The propagation speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves can be calculated using the following formula: ； in, v p The propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave is... The propagation time of the ultrasonic transverse wave; The stress calculation formula for shaft / rod structures is shown below: ； in, S 33 For along x Stress data in three directions λ and μ The Lamé coefficient of the test specimen is given. x 3. The direction is perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece. x 1. Direction and x The two directions are perpendicular to each other. x 1. Direction and x The plane formed by the two directions is parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen. x 1. x 2 and x The three directions form a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.

6. The calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control equation for ultrasonic shear waves under stress is shown below: ； in, For the Laplace operator, For the displacement component of a plane wave along x 1. Polarized transverse wave displacement potential t For time; The control equation for ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress is shown below: ； in, u 3 is x Displacement components in 3 directions, denominator x 3 or t This indicates the direction of differentiation, i.e., the displacement component. u 3 along the direction x 3 or time t The rate of change.

7. A calibration-free stress measurement system based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics, characterized in that, include: A dual-channel excitation module is used to control a dual-channel excitation sensor to emit ultrasonic transverse waves and ultrasonic longitudinal waves as excitation signals in a test specimen under applied stress; the first channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic transverse waves, and the second channel of the dual-channel excitation sensor is used to emit ultrasonic longitudinal waves. A dual-channel receiving module is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals and ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals at the detection point of the test specimen under stress using a dual-channel receiving sensor; the first channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signals, and the second channel of the dual-channel receiving sensor is used to acquire ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signals; the dual-channel excitation sensor and the dual-channel receiving sensor are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen. The specimen height calculation module is used to select an ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal or an ultrasonic transverse wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen to be tested, and calculate the height of the specimen to be tested according to the height calculation formula corresponding to the structural type; the structural type of the specimen to be tested is a plate and shell structure or a shaft structure; The specimen stress calculation module is used to select either an ultrasonic shear wave time-domain signal or an ultrasonic longitudinal wave time-domain signal according to the structural type of the specimen under test, and calculate the stress value of the specimen under test based on the stress calculation formula corresponding to the structural type and the height of the specimen. The stress calculation formula is a calculation formula derived from the ultrasonic shear wave control equation / ultrasonic longitudinal wave control equation under stress to characterize the relationship between ultrasonic shear wave velocity / ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and stress. The ultrasonic shear wave control equation under stress is a control equation established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic shear waves under stress. The control equation for ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress is established based on incremental deformation mechanics theory and combined with the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic longitudinal waves under stress.

8. A computer device, comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor executes the computer program to implement the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the calibration-free stress measurement method based on ultrasonic dual-wave method and incremental deformation mechanics as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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