A solid hydrogen storage bottle circulation adsorption automatic test system for a two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of solid hydrogen storage bottle circulation adsorption automatic test system for two-wheeled vehicle, including controller, hydrogen storage bottle clamping module, hydrogen circulation supply module, parameter monitoring module, environment simulation and control module and safety monitoring module.Controlled by controller, hydrogen circulation supply module supplies hydrogen to hydrogen storage bottle and temperature control system adjusts the temperature of closed box body, drives hydrogen storage bottle to execute the set adsorption-desorption cycle;Hydrogen recovery purification pipeline recovers, purifies and returns high-pressure gas source after hydrogen discharged by desorption, forms closed loop circulation.Controller calculates the current adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate of hydrogen storage bottle based on the mass, temperature and flow data collected by parameter monitoring module.The system realizes long-period, automatic cycle adsorption performance test, significantly reduces test cost through hydrogen closed loop utilization, and integrates environment simulation and multiple safety protection, with high test efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen storage material performance testing technology, and in particular to an automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing application of hydrogen energy in the transportation sector, light-duty vehicles are placing higher demands on the safety, reliability, and lifespan stability of hydrogen supply systems. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology, due to its advantages such as high volumetric energy density, good safety, and adaptability to miniaturized equipment, is gradually becoming one of the important hydrogen storage methods for light-duty hydrogen vehicles such as two-wheeled vehicles. Solid-state hydrogen storage cylinders undergo numerous repeated adsorption and desorption processes during actual use, and the stability of their cyclic adsorption performance directly affects the vehicle's range, operational safety, and service life.

[0003] During product development and quality control, it is typically necessary to evaluate the performance changes of solid hydrogen storage cylinders during multiple adsorption-desorption processes through cyclic testing, paying particular attention to the decline in adsorption capacity with increasing cycle count. However, due to the long testing cycle, complex operating conditions, and diverse influencing factors, accurate evaluation of cyclic adsorption performance remains a significant challenge.

[0004] Existing cyclic testing methods still have certain limitations in practical applications: On the one hand, the testing process often relies heavily on manual intervention, making it difficult to guarantee the consistency and repeatability of cyclic conditions, which is not conducive to obtaining stable and comparable test results; on the other hand, the testing process involves the simultaneous monitoring of gas supply, recovery, ambient temperature changes, and multiple physical parameters, and the coupling effect between different parameters can easily introduce measurement deviations, thereby affecting the judgment of the true performance of the hydrogen storage cylinder. In addition, as solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles develop towards miniaturization and lightweighting, traditional testing devices are gradually revealing their shortcomings in terms of structural adaptability, safety protection, and long-term continuous operation capability.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve stable control of the adsorption-desorption cycle of solid hydrogen storage cylinders while ensuring test safety, continuously and reliably monitor key physical parameters, and objectively and quantitatively evaluate the cycle adsorption performance has become one of the important technical problems restricting the performance verification and large-scale application of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an automated testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles. This system enables automated testing and evaluation of the long-cycle, high-precision cyclic adsorption performance of hydrogen storage cylinders through closed-loop hydrogen circulation and fully automated collaborative control.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles, comprising: The controller is used to receive test parameters and execute control algorithms; The hydrogen storage bottle clamping module is used to fix the solid hydrogen storage bottle to be tested, and is equipped with an interface unit for connecting to the bottle valve. A hydrogen circulation supply module, connected to the interface unit, includes a high-pressure gas source, a hydrogen supply pipeline connected between the high-pressure gas source and the interface unit, and a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline connected between the interface unit and the high-pressure gas source. The parameter monitoring module is used to collect physical parameters during the test process, including a mass measurement unit that measures the mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a first temperature sensor that monitors the cylinder temperature, and a flow sensor that monitors the gas flow rate. An environmental simulation and control module is used to house the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module and provide a controllable temperature environment. It includes a sealed box and a temperature control system installed inside the box. The safety monitoring module includes a concentration sensor for monitoring hydrogen leaks and an over-limit protection unit for performing protective actions when parameters exceed limits. The controller is communicatively connected to the hydrogen circulation supply module, the parameter monitoring module, the environmental simulation and control module, and the safety monitoring module, and is used to automatically control the hydrogen circulation supply module and the temperature control system to drive the hydrogen storage cylinder to perform a set adsorption-desorption cycle in the sealed box. The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is used to recover and purify the hydrogen desorbed from the hydrogen storage cylinder and return it to the high-pressure gas source. The controller is also configured to calculate the adsorption performance index of the hydrogen storage bottle based on the data collected by the parameter monitoring module. The adsorption performance index includes the current adsorption amount and the adsorption decay rate.

[0008] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module also includes an adjustable clamp, which is an arc-shaped elastic clamp used to adapt to and clamp hydrogen storage cylinders of different specifications with volumes within a preset volume threshold range. The inner side of the arc-shaped elastic clamp is fitted with a high-temperature resistant rubber pad; The interface unit includes: A threaded sealing joint is used to form a sealed connection with the valve at the mouth of the hydrogen storage cylinder; An integrated pipeline is built into the threaded sealing joint. Its inlet end is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline, and its outlet end is connected to the inside of the hydrogen storage cylinder through the bottle valve. The integrated pipeline is also equipped with a precision filter for filtering gas, a first pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure inside the bottle, and a pressure rupture disc for overpressure relief. The integrated pipeline is detachably rigidly connected to the external pipeline via a high-pressure hose.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydrogen circulation supply module also includes a purity detection unit; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline specifically includes a purification unit, which is a molecular sieve adsorption column. The purification unit is also equipped with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve on the air inlet side and the air outlet side, respectively. The controller is communicatively connected to the purity detection unit, the inlet valve, and the outlet valve, and is configured as follows: When the purity of hydrogen detected by the purity detection unit in real time is lower than the preset purity threshold, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are opened, so that the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is purified by the molecular sieve adsorption column.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-pressure gas source includes a high-pressure storage tank and a low-pressure storage tank; The hydrogen supply pipeline is connected between the high-pressure storage tank and the interface unit; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is connected between the interface unit and the low-pressure storage tank; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline also includes a booster compressor, the inlet of which is connected to the low-pressure storage tank and the outlet of which is connected to the high-pressure storage tank. A filter for filtering solid impurities and a second pressure sensor for monitoring pipeline pressure are also installed on the pipeline between the purification unit and the low-pressure storage tank. The automated testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles is configured to support two desorption pressure modes: In the first desorption pressure mode, the pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is maintained at a range higher than the first pressure threshold. In the second desorption pressure mode, the pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is adjusted to a range below a second pressure threshold, wherein the second pressure threshold is lower than the first pressure threshold. The booster is configured to adapt to a single-stage or multi-stage boosting method depending on the selected desorption pressure mode.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass measurement unit of the parameter monitoring module is specifically a high-precision electronic balance, and the high-precision electronic balance supports the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module through an anti-interference bracket; The first temperature sensor is a temperature sensor installed on the wall of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the flow sensor is installed on the gas pipeline connected to the interface unit; The controller is configured to simultaneously collect mass data measured by the high-precision electronic balance, temperature data measured by the first temperature sensor, and flow data measured by the flow sensor at a sampling frequency not lower than a preset frequency threshold. The controller is also configured to calculate the current adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage cylinder in real time based on the synchronously collected mass data, temperature data, and flow rate data, and to calculate the adsorption decay rate based on the current adsorption capacity over multiple consecutive cycles.

[0012] Furthermore, the sealed enclosure in the environmental simulation and control module has a multi-layer composite structure, which includes, from the inside out: an inner lining layer, an insulation layer, and an outer shell layer. The temperature control system includes: A heating unit is used to heat the sealed box. A refrigeration unit is used to refrigerate the sealed box. A circulating fan is used to promote airflow within the sealed chamber in order to achieve uniform temperature distribution. The second temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature inside the sealed box in real time. The controller is communicatively connected to the heating unit, the cooling unit, the circulating fan, and the second temperature sensor, and is configured as follows: Based on the monitoring data from the second temperature sensor and the adsorption temperature parameter, the power of the heating unit or the cooling unit is adjusted through a PID control algorithm to stabilize the temperature inside the sealed chamber at the set value, and the temperature control accuracy is within the preset accuracy threshold range.

[0013] Furthermore, the environmental simulation and control module also includes an in-box monitoring unit for monitoring environmental parameters inside the box; The over-limit protection unit is configured to execute a graded security response strategy, specifically including: When the ambient temperature detected by the monitoring unit inside the box exceeds the first upper temperature threshold or falls below the first lower temperature threshold, a first-level alarm is triggered and the output power of the temperature control system is automatically adjusted. When the ambient temperature further exceeds the second upper temperature threshold or falls below the second lower temperature threshold, a second-level alarm is triggered and the power supply to the temperature control system is automatically cut off. When the pressure inside the hydrogen storage cylinder detected by the first pressure sensor at the interface unit of the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the pressure rupture disc at the interface unit is triggered to release the pressure, and the relevant valves in the hydrogen circulation supply module are closed simultaneously to cut off the hydrogen supply.

[0014] Furthermore, the concentration sensor in the safety monitoring module is specifically a hydrogen concentration sensor located near the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module; The safety monitoring module also includes an emergency stop button; The over-limit protection unit is further configured as follows: When the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches the first concentration threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and the ventilation device is automatically started. When the hydrogen concentration continues to rise and reaches a second concentration threshold that is higher than the first concentration threshold, the system emergency shutdown procedure is triggered. The emergency shutdown procedure includes: cutting off all gas supply and recovery pipeline valves of the hydrogen circulation supply module and cutting off the power supply of the temperature control system. The emergency stop button is hardwired and can directly cut off the power supply to the system's main power supply and the hydrogen supply valves independently of the controller.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller includes a data processing and report generation unit, which is configured to perform the following operations: Receive and store continuous time-series data collected in real time by the parameter monitoring module throughout the entire adsorption-desorption cycle. The continuous time-series data includes at least the number of cycles, mass data, temperature data, pressure data, and flow rate data. Based on the continuous time-series data, the current adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate of the hydrogen storage bottle are calculated and updated in real time. After completing the preset number of cycles or meeting the preset test termination conditions, a test report is automatically generated and stored. The test report includes at least a performance change curve plotted based on the continuous time series data and a table containing key performance indicators.

[0016] Furthermore, the controller is further configured to control the hydrogen circulation supply module, the environmental simulation and control module, and the parameter monitoring module to collaboratively complete a long-cycle cyclic adsorption test according to a preset test program, specifically including the following automated process: System initialization and condition preset stage: The environmental simulation and control module is controlled to adjust the temperature inside the sealed box to the adsorption temperature parameter, and the hydrogen circulation supply module is controlled to make the pressure of the high-pressure gas source reach the adsorption pressure parameter. Single cycle execution phase: The hydrogen supply pipeline is turned on to charge the hydrogen storage cylinder with hydrogen for adsorption, and adsorption saturation is determined based on the mass data from the parameter monitoring module; then the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is switched on to desorb hydrogen from the hydrogen storage cylinder, and desorption is determined based on the mass data and pressure data. Cyclic control and condition judgment stage: After each single cycle execution stage, the number of cycles is recorded, and the performance indicators are updated based on the latest data from the parameter monitoring module; it is determined whether the current number of cycles has reached the target number of cycles, or whether the adsorption decay rate has exceeded the preset decay threshold. Test termination and post-processing stage: If the target number of cycles is reached or the decay threshold is exceeded, the test cycle is stopped, all data is saved, and the hydrogen circulation supply module is controlled to safely recover the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline to the high-pressure gas source.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By introducing a centralized controller to manage the hydrogen circulation supply, ambient temperature control and testing process in a unified manner, the adsorption-desorption cycle of the hydrogen storage cylinder is automated, which makes the cycle conditions have good consistency and repeatability, and can stably support more than 5,000 long-cycle cycle tests, effectively meeting the testing requirements of two-wheeled vehicle solid hydrogen storage cylinders for durability and life performance evaluation.

[0018] 2. By setting up a parameter monitoring module consisting of a mass measurement unit, a temperature sensor, and a flow sensor, key physical parameters such as changes in the mass of the hydrogen storage cylinder, cylinder temperature, and gas flow rate during the test are continuously collected. This provides a complete and continuous data basis for the quantitative analysis of the adsorption-desorption process, avoiding evaluation bias caused by the measurement of a single parameter.

[0019] 3. By constructing a hydrogen circulation supply structure and coordinating it with a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline, the desorbed hydrogen can be recovered, purified, and reused. This ensures that the hydrogen supply conditions remain stable during the test, which helps to reduce the impact of gas quality fluctuations on the adsorption performance measurement results, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the calculated adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate.

[0020] 4. By arranging the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module in a sealed chamber with temperature control capability, the temperature of the test environment can be controlled and adjusted, allowing the hydrogen storage cylinder to complete the adsorption-desorption cycle under the set environmental conditions. This reduces the interference of environmental factors on the test results and improves the comparability of test results between different batches and different samples.

[0021] 5. The safety monitoring module monitors hydrogen leakage status and key parameters in real time and executes protective actions when parameters exceed limits. This can effectively reduce the safety risks caused by hydrogen leakage, overheating, or abnormal operating conditions during long-term continuous testing, and improve the overall safety and stability of the system.

[0022] 6. Based on the data collected by the parameter monitoring module, the controller can automatically calculate the adsorption performance indicators of the hydrogen storage bottle, including the current adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate, realize the automated analysis of test results, reduce manual intervention and human error, improve test efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale and batch testing applications. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles in this invention. Figure 2 This is the electrical connection diagram of the automatic testing system for the circulating adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles in this invention; Figure 3 This is a mechanical structure diagram of the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module in this invention; Figure 4 This is a mechanical structure diagram of the sealed box in this invention.

[0024] Reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Controller; 2. Hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module; 3. Hydrogen circulation supply module; 4. Parameter monitoring module; 5. Environmental simulation and control module; 6. Safety monitoring module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "bottom surface," "top surface," "inner," and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0026] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides an automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles. It is used to achieve automated testing and evaluation of the long-cycle, high-precision cyclic adsorption performance of hydrogen storage cylinders through closed-loop hydrogen circulation and fully automatic collaborative control.

[0027] I. System Structure and Composition; This embodiment provides an automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles, comprising: The controller 1, preferably a programmable logic controller 1 (PLC) and its host computer system with industrial field application capabilities, is used to receive test parameters set by the user, execute cyclic control algorithms, and complete data acquisition, storage and calculation processing. Hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 (refer to) Figure 3 This clamping module is used to fix the solid hydrogen storage cylinder for two-wheeled vehicles to be tested. The clamping module has an interface unit that matches the valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The interface unit is connected to the external hydrogen pipeline through a sealed connection. At the same time, the clamping module has a mechanical locking structure to prevent the hydrogen storage cylinder from tipping over or shifting during the test. The hydrogen circulation supply module 3 is connected to the interface unit and includes a high-pressure gas source, a hydrogen supply pipeline, and a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline. The high-pressure gas source consists of a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a low-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a two-stage pressurization mechanism. The hydrogen supply pipeline is connected between the high-pressure gas source and the interface unit, and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is connected between the interface unit and the high-pressure gas source. It is used for the recovery, purification, and return of desorbed hydrogen. The parameter monitoring module 4 is used to collect physical parameters during the test process, including a mass measurement unit for measuring the overall mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a first temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and a flow sensor for monitoring the gas flow rate during hydrogen supply and desorption. The environmental simulation and control module 5 is used to house the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 and provide a temperature-controlled environment. It includes a sealed enclosure (see reference). Figure 4 The left side is the cabinet, the right side is the compressor, and the right side is the temperature control system located inside the sealed cabinet. The temperature control system has both cooling and heating capabilities. The safety monitoring module 6 includes a concentration sensor for monitoring hydrogen leakage in the sealed box and pipeline connection area, and an over-limit protection unit that performs protective actions when parameters such as pressure, temperature or flow exceed preset thresholds. The controller 1 is connected to the hydrogen circulation supply module 3, the parameter monitoring module 4, the environmental simulation and control module 5, and the safety monitoring module 6, respectively, and is used to uniformly schedule and automatically control the hydrogen supply process, environmental temperature changes, and test procedures.

[0028] II. Specific operating procedures for Example 1; (a) Test preparation and parameter setting stage; Based on the specifications of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder for two-wheeled vehicles to be tested, a suitable test path was selected, and the cylinder was depressurized to 1.7 barg in preparation for the test. To meet the pressure requirements of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder for two-wheeled vehicles during the adsorption process, this embodiment incorporates a two-stage pressurization mechanism in the high-pressure gas source: the first-stage pressurization mechanism pressurizes approximately 1 barg of hydrogen in the low-pressure storage tank to approximately 2 MPa, and the second-stage pressurization mechanism further pressurizes the 2 MPa hydrogen to 9–10 MPa, forming stable high-pressure hydrogen supply conditions.

[0029] The hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 is fixed on a high-precision electronic balance and placed entirely within the sealed enclosure of the environmental simulation and control module 5. The hydrogen storage cylinder valve is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline via an interface unit. The clamping module's locking structure then reliably secures the hydrogen storage cylinder. At this stage, the controller 1 reads the initial weight data from the electronic balance and uses it as the baseline value for subsequent adsorption calculations.

[0030] Subsequently, the hydrogen absorption pipeline, desorption pipeline, flow sensor, temperature sensor and related solenoid valves are connected. Controller 1 then monitors the pressure inside the sealed chamber, as well as the pressure and temperature of the high-pressure and low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. At the same time, the purity of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply and recovery paths is confirmed to ensure that the initial hydrogen purity is not lower than 5N.

[0031] After completing a single adsorption-desorption test, the parameters such as the hydrogen adsorption / desorption pressure range, hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen release capacity, and test temperature corresponding to the hydrogen storage bottle are determined. Based on these parameters, the controller 1 sets the cyclic test parameters, including adsorption pressure, desorption pressure, ambient temperature, number of cycles (set to 5000 times), and data sampling frequency.

[0032] (ii) Cyclic testing phase; After the test system is started, controller 1 automatically enters the loop test phase according to the preset program. The specific process is as follows: High-pressure hydrogen supply preparation: High-pressure hydrogen gas of 0-10MPa is introduced into the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Before introducing the hydrogen gas, the purity of the hydrogen gas is detected by controller 1 to ensure that the purity is not less than 5N, so as to avoid the influence of impurity gases on the adsorption performance of the hydrogen storage material.

[0033] Adsorption process: Controller 1 adjusts the pressure reducing valve of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to stabilize the outlet pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline at about 4MPa; then the hydrogen supply solenoid valve is opened, and the cooling mode of the environmental simulation and control module 5 is activated at the same time to maintain the temperature inside the sealed box at about 15℃.

[0034] During the adsorption process, the parameter monitoring module 4 collects real-time data on the mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the cylinder temperature, and the gas flow rate. When the amount of adsorbed hydrogen reaches more than 95% of the preset hydrogen storage capacity, or when the flow sensor detects that the gas flow rate is approaching a stable equilibrium state, the controller 1 closes the hydrogen supply solenoid valve, completing one adsorption process.

[0035] Desorption process: After closing the hydrogen supply solenoid valve, controller 1 opens the desorption pipeline solenoid valve and adjusts the environmental simulation and control module 5 to enter heating mode, raising the temperature of the sealed chamber to approximately 40°C or other set temperatures. The hydrogen produced by desorption enters the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank through the interface unit, and the parameter monitoring module 4 simultaneously collects pressure, flow rate, temperature, and mass change data. When the desorption flow rate is detected to be lower than 1 L / min, controller 1 closes the desorption pipeline solenoid valve, completing one desorption process.

[0036] Hydrogen recycling: During the recycling test, controller 1 makes judgments based on the capacity and pressure changes of the high-pressure and low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. When the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is lower than the preset lower limit, or the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank is higher than the preset upper limit, controller 1 opens the connection valve between the high-pressure and low-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and activates the two-stage pressurization mechanism to pressurize the hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and return it to the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, thus realizing the recycling of hydrogen and reducing the cost of hydrogen used in the test.

[0037] Cycling and Safety Monitoring: Repeat the adsorption and desorption process described above until 5000 cycles are completed. Throughout the test, the safety monitoring module 6 continuously monitors the hydrogen leakage concentration, system pressure, and temperature. If any parameter exceeds the set threshold, the over-limit protection unit immediately triggers an alarm or performs an emergency shutdown to ensure the safety of the test process.

[0038] Hydrogen purity maintenance: During the cyclic test, the hydrogen purity is detected by controller 1 every 500 cycles. When the hydrogen purity is detected to drop to 3N, the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank are cleaned and hydrogen with a purity of not less than 5N is reintroduced to ensure the stability of subsequent test conditions.

[0039] III. Data Processing and Performance Evaluation; After completing 5000 adsorption-desorption cycles, controller 1 calculates the adsorption performance indicators of the hydrogen storage tank at each cycle stage based on the mass, temperature, flow rate, and pressure data collected by parameter monitoring module 4. The adsorption performance indicators include the current adsorption capacity and the adsorption decay rate as a function of the number of cycles.

[0040] The adsorption capacity is calculated by the mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder before and after adsorption, while the adsorption decay rate characterizes the decreasing trend of the adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage cylinder during long-term cycling. By analyzing these indicators, a corresponding test report is generated, allowing users to evaluate the cycle life and performance stability of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0041] IV. Working principle and technical effects of Example 1; In this embodiment, the controller 1 coordinates the control of the hydrogen circulation supply module 3, the environmental simulation and control module 5, and the parameter monitoring module 4, enabling the hydrogen storage cylinder to automatically complete multiple adsorption-desorption cycles under controllable temperature and pressure conditions. Real-time monitoring of the overall mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder by the mass measurement unit, combined with temperature and flow data, allows for precise quantification of the adsorption and desorption processes, thus avoiding errors introduced by a single measurement method.

[0042] Simultaneously, by utilizing a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline and a two-stage pressurization mechanism, desorbed hydrogen is recovered and resupplyed to the high-pressure gas source. This reduces testing costs while ensuring hydrogen purity, enabling the system to stably support long-cycle testing of over 5000 times. Combined with the real-time monitoring and over-limit protection mechanism of the safety monitoring module 6, this embodiment significantly improves safety and stability during long-term continuous operation while enhancing testing automation and data reliability.

[0043] Through the above structure and working method, this embodiment can achieve efficient, accurate and repeatable testing of the cyclic adsorption performance of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles, meeting the needs of engineering applications and large-scale testing.

[0044] Example 2 is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is a further improvement on the automatic test system for circulating adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles in Example 1. Its overall structure still includes: controller 1, hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2, hydrogen circulation supply module 3, parameter monitoring module 4, environmental simulation and control module 5, and safety monitoring module 6. The connection relationship and functional division between the modules are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] I. Improvements in Example 2; The main improvements in this embodiment are as follows: (1) Improved structural adaptability and safety of hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2; (2) The introduction of hydrogen purity detection and automatic purification capabilities into the hydrogen circulation supply module 3; (3) Coordinated control of multiple pressure modes and pressurization methods in the high-pressure gas source and hydrogen recovery path.

[0046] II. Structure and working principle of hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2; In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 further includes an adjustable clamp, which is an arc-shaped elastic clamp used to adapt to and clamp solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles of different specifications. The volume range of hydrogen storage cylinders that the arc-shaped elastic clamp can adapt to is set to 0.39L to 2L. This range serves as a preset volume threshold, covering the mainstream specifications of current solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles.

[0047] A high-temperature resistant rubber pad is fitted to the inner side of the arc-shaped elastic clamp. This high-temperature resistant rubber pad can buffer the vibration of the hydrogen storage bottle during the adsorption-desorption cycle, and at the same time avoid the rigid contact between the clamp and the outer shell of the hydrogen storage bottle from causing wear or local stress concentration on the bottle surface, thereby improving the structural stability and safety during long-cycle testing.

[0048] The hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 also includes an interface unit for connecting to the hydrogen storage cylinder valve. The interface unit uses a threaded seal, and its core structure includes: Threaded sealing joints are used to form a reliable sealing connection with the valve of a hydrogen storage cylinder. The integrated pipeline is built into a threaded sealing joint. Its inlet end is connected to both the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline, while its outlet end is connected to the internal space of the hydrogen storage cylinder through a bottle valve.

[0049] Inside the integrated pipeline, along the gas flow direction, are arranged in sequence as follows: Precision filters, with a filtration accuracy of 0.5μm, are used to block solid particles that may enter with the gas. The first pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank in real time. The pressure rupture disc automatically ruptures when the pressure inside the bottle exceeds its set safety limit, achieving rapid pressure relief.

[0050] The integrated pipeline is connected to the external hydrogen supply and recovery pipelines via a high-pressure hose, making the loading and unloading of hydrogen storage cylinders quick and reliable, which helps to improve the operational efficiency during batch testing.

[0051] Technical benefits: By combining the arc-shaped elastic clamp with the high-temperature resistant rubber pad, this embodiment can adapt to various specifications of hydrogen storage cylinders without changing the clamping structure, significantly improving the system's versatility; the centralized setting of multiple functional components inside the integrated pipeline allows pressure monitoring, filtration, and overpressure protection inside the cylinder to be completed at the interface, reducing the risk of system leakage and improving the safety and stability of the testing process.

[0052] III. Hydrogen circulation supply module 3 and its purity control principle; In this embodiment, the hydrogen circulation supply module 3 further includes a purity detection unit based on the first embodiment. The purity detection unit is located at key nodes of the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline, and is used to detect the purity of the circulating hydrogen in real time.

[0053] The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline specifically includes a purification unit, which is a molecular sieve adsorption column used to adsorb impurities such as moisture and carbon dioxide carried in the hydrogen. The purification unit is equipped with an inlet valve and an outlet valve on its inlet and outlet sides, respectively, to control whether hydrogen enters the molecular sieve adsorption column.

[0054] Controller 1 is communicatively connected to the purity detection unit, the inlet valve, and the outlet valve, and is configured as follows: When the purity of hydrogen detected by the purity detection unit in real time is lower than the preset purity threshold, the inlet valve and outlet valve are opened, so that the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is purified by passing through the molecular sieve adsorption column.

[0055] In this embodiment, the purity threshold is specifically set to 99.99% (i.e., 4N purity). When the hydrogen purity is detected to be lower than this threshold, the system automatically starts the purification process; when the hydrogen purity recovers to no less than 99.99%, the controller 1 can close the inlet valve and outlet valve, allowing the hydrogen to bypass the purification unit and enter the normal circulation path.

[0056] Technical effect: By introducing the purity detection unit and the molecular sieve adsorption column for coordinated control, this embodiment can automatically maintain the stability of hydrogen purity during long-term cycle testing, avoid the accumulation of impurities affecting the adsorption performance of solid hydrogen storage materials, and thus improve the accuracy and consistency of adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate test results.

[0057] IV. High-pressure gas source structure, multiple desorption pressure modes and pressurization methods; In this embodiment, the high-pressure gas source includes a high-pressure storage tank and a low-pressure storage tank. The rated pressure of the high-pressure storage tank is 10 MPa, and the rated pressure of the low-pressure storage tank is 1 MPa. A hydrogen supply pipeline is connected between the high-pressure storage tank and the interface unit, and a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is connected between the interface unit and the low-pressure storage tank.

[0058] The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is also equipped with: The filter located between the purification unit and the low-pressure storage tank has a filtration accuracy of less than 0.2μm and is used to prevent solid hydrogen storage material powder from entering the low-pressure storage tank. The second pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure in the recovery pipeline in real time.

[0059] The high-pressure and low-pressure storage tanks are connected by a booster compressor. The booster compressor's inlet is connected to the low-pressure tank, and its outlet is connected to the high-pressure tank. The booster compressor can be configured for single-stage or multi-stage pressurization depending on the testing requirements.

[0060] The system in this embodiment is configured to support two desorption pressure modes: First desorption pressure mode: The pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is maintained at a range higher than the first pressure threshold, which is set to 1MPa and is suitable for medium and high pressure desorption tests. Second desorption pressure mode: The pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is adjusted to a range lower than the second pressure threshold, which is set at 1.7 barg and is lower than the first pressure threshold, suitable for low-pressure desorption testing.

[0061] When the first desorption pressure mode is adopted, the booster preferably adopts a single-stage booster mode; when the second desorption pressure mode is adopted, the booster preferably adopts a two-stage or multi-stage booster mode to achieve effective return of low-pressure hydrogen to the high-pressure storage tank.

[0062] Technical benefits: By setting different desorption pressure modes and matching them with pressurization methods, this embodiment can flexibly adapt to different solid hydrogen storage materials and different test conditions, achieving efficient recovery and reuse of hydrogen while ensuring desorption efficiency, thereby reducing overall test costs and improving system operating efficiency.

[0063] V. Overall working principle and comprehensive technical effects of Example 2; This embodiment achieves stable fixation of hydrogen storage cylinders of various specifications through arc-shaped elastic clamps, and achieves a high degree of integration of internal pressure monitoring, filtration and overpressure protection through integrated pipeline structure; at the same time, through the coordinated control of purity detection unit, molecular sieve adsorption column and multiple solenoid valves, dynamic monitoring and automatic adjustment of hydrogen purity are achieved.

[0064] With the cooperation of high-pressure storage tanks, low-pressure storage tanks and booster, the system can switch between different desorption pressure modes and select the appropriate boosting method according to the pressure conditions, so that the hydrogen is always in a controllable, safe and efficient operating state during the cycle test.

[0065] Therefore, while maintaining the advantages of automation, long cycle, and high precision testing in Example 1, this embodiment further improves the system's versatility, hydrogen quality stability, and adaptability to testing conditions, making it particularly suitable for batch and standardized cyclic adsorption performance testing of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles.

[0066] Example 3 is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is a further preferred solution based on the automatic testing system for the circulating adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles in Examples 1 and 2. The system as a whole still includes a controller 1, a hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2, a hydrogen circulation supply module 3, a parameter monitoring module 4, an environmental simulation and control module 5, and a safety monitoring module 6. The modules work together through electrical connections and data communication.

[0067] I. Overview of the key technical aspects of Example 3; The key technical point of this embodiment is: (1) Real-time calculation of adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate is achieved through high-precision and synchronized parameter monitoring; (2) High-precision, uniform and stable temperature control is achieved through a multi-layered constant temperature environment and PID control algorithm; (3) Through multi-level threshold setting and hierarchical security response strategy, system security is ensured during long-cycle cyclic testing; (4) The test process and results output are fully automated through the data processing and report generation unit.

[0068] II. Structural composition and working principle of parameter monitoring module 4; In this embodiment, the mass measurement unit of the parameter monitoring module 4 specifically adopts a high-precision electronic balance. The high-precision electronic balance is a high-temperature resistant type with a measurement accuracy not exceeding 0.1g. It supports the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2 via an anti-interference bracket, thereby enabling real-time measurement of the overall mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder during the adsorption-desorption cycle. The anti-interference bracket is used to isolate the weighing results from external factors such as ground vibration and airflow disturbances within the constant temperature chamber.

[0069] The first temperature sensor is located on the wall of the hydrogen storage cylinder to collect the temperature of the cylinder body in real time; the flow sensor is located on the gas pipeline connecting the interface unit to monitor the circulating flow rate of hydrogen during hydrogen supply and desorption.

[0070] Controller 1 is configured to synchronously collect quality data, temperature data, and flow data at a sampling frequency not lower than a preset frequency threshold. In this embodiment, the sampling frequency threshold is specifically set to 0.1s / sample, that is, multi-parameter synchronous sampling is completed once every 0.1 seconds to ensure the continuity and consistency of test data in the time dimension.

[0071] Controller 1 is also configured as follows: Based on synchronously collected mass, temperature, and flow data, the current adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage cylinder is calculated in real time. Based on the current adsorption capacity data obtained from multiple consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption decay rate of the hydrogen storage cylinder is calculated to characterize its cycle performance over time or the number of cycles.

[0072] Technical benefits: By using a high-precision electronic balance and multiple sensors for synchronous data acquisition, this embodiment avoids calculation errors caused by inconsistent sampling times between different parameters, making the calculation of adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate more realistic and reliable, and providing a highly credible data foundation for long-cycle performance evaluation.

[0073] III. Structure and Temperature Control Principle of Environmental Simulation and Control Module 5; In this embodiment, the sealed enclosure in the environmental simulation and control module 5 adopts a multi-layer composite structure, and its enclosure wall includes, from the inside to the outside: an inner lining layer, an insulation layer, and an outer shell layer. The inner lining layer and the outer shell layer are preferably made of stainless steel, and the insulation layer is preferably made of a low thermal conductivity material such as asbestos to reduce heat exchange between the inside and outside of the enclosure.

[0074] The temperature control system includes: The heating unit is used to heat the interior of the sealed chamber, and its maximum heating power is 2kW; The refrigeration unit is used to cool the interior of the sealed enclosure, and its cooling capacity is 1 horsepower. A circulating fan, preferably a centrifugal fan, is used to promote airflow inside the chamber and make the temperature distribution more uniform. The second temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature inside the sealed chamber in real time. It is preferably a platinum resistance sensor (PT1000) with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃.

[0075] Controller 1 is communicatively connected to the heating unit, cooling unit, circulating fan, and second temperature sensor, and is configured as follows: Based on the ambient temperature data collected by the second temperature sensor and the preset adsorption temperature parameters, the output power of the heating unit or the cooling unit is adjusted by the PID control algorithm to stabilize the temperature inside the sealed chamber at the target set value.

[0076] In this embodiment, the controllable temperature range of the sealed enclosure is -20℃ to 80℃, and the temperature control accuracy is limited to a preset accuracy threshold range of ±0.5℃.

[0077] Technical effect: Through the combination of multi-layer insulation structure and PID control algorithm, this embodiment can maintain a stable and uniform ambient temperature during long-term operation, effectively reducing the impact of ambient temperature fluctuations on the adsorption performance test results of solid hydrogen storage materials.

[0078] IV. Working mechanism for graded safety monitoring and over-limit protection; In this embodiment, the environmental simulation and control module 5 also includes an in-box monitoring unit for monitoring environmental parameters within the sealed box. The over-limit protection unit in the safety monitoring module 6 is configured to execute a graded safety response strategy.

[0079] Specifically: When the ambient temperature detected by the monitoring unit inside the box exceeds the first upper temperature threshold or falls below the first lower temperature threshold, the first-level alarm is triggered, and the controller 1 automatically adjusts the output power of the temperature control system. In this embodiment, the first upper temperature threshold is set to 80°C, and the first lower temperature threshold is set to -20°C.

[0080] When the ambient temperature exceeds the second upper temperature threshold or falls below the second lower temperature threshold, a second-level alarm is triggered, and the power supply to the temperature control system is automatically cut off. The second upper temperature threshold is set to 85℃, and the second lower temperature threshold is set to -25℃.

[0081] When the pressure inside the bottle detected by the first pressure sensor located at the interface unit of the hydrogen storage bottle clamping module 2 exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the pressure rupture disc is triggered to release the pressure, and the relevant valves in the hydrogen circulation supply module 3 are closed simultaneously. In this embodiment, the pressure threshold is set to 12 MPa.

[0082] V. Hydrogen Leakage Monitoring and Emergency Shutdown Mechanism; The concentration sensor in safety monitoring module 6 is specifically a hydrogen concentration sensor located near hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module 2, used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the tank or local space in real time. The system also includes an emergency stop button, which is hardwired and can independently cut off the main power supply to the system and the power supply to the hydrogen supply valves.

[0083] The over-limit protection unit is further configured as follows: When the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches the first concentration threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and the ventilation device is automatically started. In this embodiment, the first concentration threshold is set to 1%VOL.

[0084] When the hydrogen concentration continues to rise and reaches a second concentration threshold that is higher than the first concentration threshold, the system emergency shutdown procedure is triggered. The second concentration threshold is set at 2%VOL. The emergency shutdown procedure includes cutting off all gas supply and recovery pipeline valves in the hydrogen circulation supply module 3 and cutting off the power to the temperature control system.

[0085] Technical benefits: Through multi-level threshold settings and hardware-level emergency shutdown design, this embodiment can quickly take protective measures in abnormal situations such as hydrogen leakage, over-temperature or over-pressure, significantly improving the safety and reliability of long-cycle testing processes.

[0086] VI. Data processing, report generation, and automated testing workflow; In this embodiment, the controller 1 includes a data processing and report generation unit. This unit is configured to receive and store continuous time-series data collected in real time by the parameter monitoring module 4 throughout the adsorption-desorption cycle. The continuous time-series data includes at least: cycle number, mass data, temperature data, pressure data, and flow rate data.

[0087] Controller 1 calculates and updates the current adsorption capacity and adsorption decay rate of the hydrogen storage tank in real time based on continuous time-series data. After completing the preset number of cycles or meeting the preset test termination conditions, it automatically generates and stores a test report. The test report includes at least a performance change curve plotted based on the continuous time-series data and a table containing key performance indicators. The report can be exported as an Excel file.

[0088] In terms of automated operation, controller 1 controls the hydrogen circulation supply module 3, environmental simulation and control module 5, and parameter monitoring module 4 to collaboratively complete the long-cycle cyclic adsorption test according to the preset test program, specifically including: System initialization and condition preset stage: Adjust the temperature of the sealed chamber to the adsorption temperature parameter, and make the pressure of the high-pressure gas source reach the adsorption pressure parameter; Single-cycle execution phase: Hydrogen adsorption is performed on the hydrogen storage cylinder, and adsorption saturation is determined based on mass data; then hydrogen desorption is performed, and desorption completion is determined based on mass and pressure data; Cyclic control and condition judgment stage: Record the number of cycles, update the adsorption performance indicators, and determine whether the target number of cycles has been reached or whether the adsorption decay rate has exceeded the preset decay threshold. Test termination and post-processing phase: When the target number of cycles is reached (up to 10,000 in this embodiment, with a typical run of 5,000) or the decay threshold is exceeded, the test is stopped and the remaining hydrogen is safely recovered to the high-pressure gas source.

[0089] Overall technical effects: By organically combining high-precision parameter monitoring, precise environmental control, graded safety protection, and automated data processing, this embodiment can achieve long-term, stable, and unattended testing of the cyclic adsorption performance of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles while ensuring safety. This significantly improves testing efficiency and result reliability, making it suitable for engineering applications and large-scale testing scenarios.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles, characterized in that, include: The controller is used to receive test parameters and execute control algorithms; The hydrogen storage bottle clamping module is used to fix the solid hydrogen storage bottle to be tested, and is equipped with an interface unit for connecting to the bottle valve. A hydrogen circulation supply module, connected to the interface unit, includes a high-pressure gas source, a hydrogen supply pipeline connected between the high-pressure gas source and the interface unit, and a hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline connected between the interface unit and the high-pressure gas source. The parameter monitoring module is used to collect physical parameters during the test process, including a mass measurement unit that measures the mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a first temperature sensor that monitors the cylinder temperature, and a flow sensor that monitors the gas flow rate. An environmental simulation and control module is used to house the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module and provide a controllable temperature environment. It includes a sealed box and a temperature control system installed inside the box. The safety monitoring module includes a concentration sensor for monitoring hydrogen leaks and an over-limit protection unit for performing protective actions when parameters exceed limits. The controller is communicatively connected to the hydrogen circulation supply module, the parameter monitoring module, the environmental simulation and control module, and the safety monitoring module, and is used to automatically control the hydrogen circulation supply module and the temperature control system to drive the hydrogen storage cylinder to perform a set adsorption-desorption cycle in the sealed box. The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is used to recover and purify the hydrogen desorbed from the hydrogen storage cylinder and return it to the high-pressure gas source. The controller is also configured to calculate the adsorption performance index of the hydrogen storage bottle based on the data collected by the parameter monitoring module. The adsorption performance index includes the current adsorption amount and the adsorption decay rate.

2. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module also includes an adjustable clamp, which is an arc-shaped elastic clamp used to adapt to and clamp hydrogen storage cylinders of different specifications with volumes within a preset volume threshold range. The inner side of the arc-shaped elastic clamp is fitted with a high-temperature resistant rubber pad; The interface unit includes: A threaded sealing joint is used to form a sealed connection with the valve at the mouth of the hydrogen storage cylinder; An integrated pipeline is built into the threaded sealing joint. Its inlet end is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline and the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline, and its outlet end is connected to the inside of the hydrogen storage cylinder through the bottle valve. The integrated pipeline is also equipped with a precision filter for filtering gas, a first pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure inside the bottle, and a pressure rupture disc for overpressure relief. The integrated pipeline is detachably rigidly connected to the external pipeline via a high-pressure hose.

3. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen circulation supply module also includes a purity detection unit; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline specifically includes a purification unit, which is a molecular sieve adsorption column. The purification unit is also equipped with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve on the air inlet side and the air outlet side, respectively. The controller is communicatively connected to the purity detection unit, the inlet valve, and the outlet valve, and is configured as follows: When the purity of hydrogen detected by the purity detection unit in real time is lower than the preset purity threshold, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are opened, so that the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is purified by the molecular sieve adsorption column.

4. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-pressure gas source includes a high-pressure storage tank and a low-pressure storage tank; The hydrogen supply pipeline is connected between the high-pressure storage tank and the interface unit; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is connected between the interface unit and the low-pressure storage tank; The hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline also includes a booster compressor, the inlet of which is connected to the low-pressure storage tank and the outlet of which is connected to the high-pressure storage tank. A filter for filtering solid impurities and a second pressure sensor for monitoring pipeline pressure are also installed on the pipeline between the purification unit and the low-pressure storage tank. The automated testing system for the cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles is configured to support two desorption pressure modes: In the first desorption pressure mode, the pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is maintained at a range higher than the first pressure threshold. In the second desorption pressure mode, the pressure in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is adjusted to a range below a second pressure threshold, wherein the second pressure threshold is lower than the first pressure threshold. The booster is configured to adapt to a single-stage or multi-stage boosting method depending on the selected desorption pressure mode.

5. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass measurement unit of the parameter monitoring module is specifically a high-precision electronic balance, and the high-precision electronic balance supports the hydrogen storage bottle clamping module through an anti-interference bracket. The first temperature sensor is a temperature sensor installed on the wall of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the flow sensor is installed on the gas pipeline connected to the interface unit; The controller is configured to simultaneously collect mass data measured by the high-precision electronic balance, temperature data measured by the first temperature sensor, and flow data measured by the flow sensor at a sampling frequency not lower than a preset frequency threshold. The controller is also configured to calculate the current adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage cylinder in real time based on the synchronously collected mass data, temperature data, and flow rate data, and to calculate the adsorption decay rate based on the current adsorption capacity over multiple consecutive cycles.

6. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed enclosure in the environmental simulation and control module has a multi-layer composite structure, which includes, from the inside out: an inner lining layer, an insulation layer, and an outer shell layer. The temperature control system includes: A heating unit is used to heat the sealed box. A refrigeration unit is used to refrigerate the sealed box. A circulating fan is used to promote airflow within the sealed chamber in order to achieve uniform temperature distribution. The second temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature inside the sealed box in real time. The controller is communicatively connected to the heating unit, the cooling unit, the circulating fan, and the second temperature sensor, and is configured as follows: Based on the monitoring data from the second temperature sensor and the adsorption temperature parameter, the power of the heating unit or the cooling unit is adjusted through a PID control algorithm to stabilize the temperature inside the sealed chamber at the set value, and the temperature control accuracy is within the preset accuracy threshold range.

7. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The environmental simulation and control module also includes an in-box monitoring unit for monitoring environmental parameters inside the box; The over-limit protection unit is configured to execute a graded security response strategy, specifically including: When the ambient temperature detected by the monitoring unit inside the box exceeds the first upper temperature threshold or falls below the first lower temperature threshold, a first-level alarm is triggered and the output power of the temperature control system is automatically adjusted. When the ambient temperature further exceeds the second upper temperature threshold or falls below the second lower temperature threshold, a second-level alarm is triggered and the power supply to the temperature control system is automatically cut off. When the pressure inside the hydrogen storage cylinder detected by the first pressure sensor at the interface unit of the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the pressure rupture disc at the interface unit is triggered to release the pressure, and the relevant valves in the hydrogen circulation supply module are closed simultaneously to cut off the hydrogen supply.

8. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The concentration sensor in the safety monitoring module is specifically a hydrogen concentration sensor located near the hydrogen storage cylinder clamping module. The safety monitoring module also includes an emergency stop button; The over-limit protection unit is further configured as follows: When the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches the first concentration threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered and the ventilation device is automatically started. When the hydrogen concentration continues to rise and reaches a second concentration threshold that is higher than the first concentration threshold, the system emergency shutdown procedure is triggered. The emergency shutdown procedure includes: cutting off all gas supply and recovery pipeline valves of the hydrogen circulation supply module and cutting off the power supply of the temperature control system. The emergency stop button is hardwired and can directly cut off the power supply to the system's main power supply and the hydrogen supply valves independently of the controller.

9. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller includes a data processing and report generation unit, which is configured to perform the following operations: Receive and store continuous time-series data collected in real time by the parameter monitoring module throughout the entire adsorption-desorption cycle. The continuous time-series data includes at least the number of cycles, mass data, temperature data, pressure data, and flow rate data. Based on the continuous time-series data, the current adsorption amount and adsorption decay rate of the hydrogen storage bottle are calculated and updated in real time. After completing the preset number of cycles or meeting the preset test termination conditions, a test report is automatically generated and stored. The test report includes at least a performance change curve plotted based on the continuous time series data and a table containing key performance indicators.

10. The automatic testing system for cyclic adsorption of solid hydrogen storage cylinders for two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 9, characterized in that, The controller is further configured to control the hydrogen circulation supply module, the environmental simulation and control module, and the parameter monitoring module to collaboratively complete a long-cycle cyclic adsorption test according to a preset test program, specifically including the following automated process: System initialization and condition preset stage: The environmental simulation and control module is controlled to adjust the temperature inside the sealed box to the adsorption temperature parameter, and the hydrogen circulation supply module is controlled to make the pressure of the high-pressure gas source reach the adsorption pressure parameter. Single cycle execution phase: The hydrogen supply pipeline is turned on to charge the hydrogen storage cylinder with hydrogen for adsorption, and adsorption saturation is determined based on the mass data from the parameter monitoring module; then the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline is switched on to desorb hydrogen from the hydrogen storage cylinder, and desorption is determined based on the mass data and pressure data. Cyclic control and condition judgment stage: After each single cycle execution stage, the number of cycles is recorded, and the performance indicators are updated based on the latest data from the parameter monitoring module; it is determined whether the current number of cycles has reached the target number of cycles, or whether the adsorption decay rate has exceeded the preset decay threshold. Test termination and post-processing stage: If the target number of cycles is reached or the decay threshold is exceeded, the test cycle is stopped, all data is saved, and the hydrogen circulation supply module is controlled to safely recover the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen recovery and purification pipeline to the high-pressure gas source.

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