A photovoltaic cable laying path automatic optimization method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of photovoltaic cable laying path automatic optimization method and system, comprising: receiving original geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data and environmental time series data, fusion generates field area micro-environment digital map;Based on field area micro-environment digital map, cable full life cycle performance model is constructed and coupled;According to cable full life cycle performance model definition, with the minimum total cost of full life cycle as target function;Based on target function and field area micro-environment digital map, layered collaborative path optimization process is executed, and continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence is output;To continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, based on the intelligent segmentation processing of standard cable length is carried out, and initial laying scheme is generated;Initial laying scheme is automatically checked and adjusted, and final laying scheme is obtained and output.The application realizes the full life cycle cost optimization and automation design of cable laying path, improves the economy and design efficiency of photovoltaic power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable laying technology, and in particular to an automatic optimization method and system for photovoltaic cable laying paths. Background Technology

[0002] Cable laying path planning for photovoltaic (PV) power plants is a fundamental task in power plant design, and its rationality directly affects construction costs and long-term operational economics. Currently, the industry generally adopts static path planning methods based on two-dimensional geographic information and equipment layout, mainly considering principles such as avoiding geographical obstacles and minimizing cable length. While these methods can generate basic laying schemes, they typically treat path planning and long-term cable performance evaluation as two relatively independent processes. Because they fail to fully consider the continuous impact of dynamic changes in the power plant's microclimate on cable electrical parameters, heat dissipation conditions, and insulation aging processes, it is difficult to integrate and optimize the initial investment, operating losses, and future maintenance costs of cables during the planning stage. Furthermore, for PV fields containing a large number of strings, inverters, and transformer substations, the path planning for the DC and AC sides often lacks an effective coordination mechanism, and the three-dimensional spatial conflict verification and material segmentation after scheme generation largely rely on manual checks later, resulting in limited automation and a high risk of design rework and material waste. Therefore, existing technologies struggle to optimize the overall life-cycle cost of cables during the cable laying design stage, hindering further improvements in the overall economic benefits of PV power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose an automatic optimization method and system for photovoltaic cable laying paths. By integrating dynamic environmental data and coupling the cable's full life cycle performance model for hierarchical collaborative optimization, this method solves the problem that existing methods are unable to minimize the overall cost of the cable's entire life cycle during the planning stage.

[0004] To achieve the aforementioned technical objectives, in the first aspect, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths, comprising: Receive raw geographic data of the photovoltaic power plant site, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data; The original geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data and environmental time series data are fused and processed to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors. Based on the digital map of the site microenvironment, a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model are constructed and coupled to form a cable full life cycle performance model. Based on the cable life cycle performance model, an objective function is defined with the goal of minimizing the total life cycle cost, which includes the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. Based on the objective function and the digital map of the micro-environment of the site, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is executed to output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The hierarchical collaborative path optimization process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC side main channel from the inverter to the transformer. The inverter access position is adjusted through iterative feedback to minimize the total cost of the entire life cycle. Intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length is performed on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment length and joint location information; The initial laying scheme is automatically checked for three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances. If a conflict is found, a path adjustment suggestion is generated and the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme are updated until the check is passed and the final laying scheme is obtained. The output is the final laying plan that has passed the verification. The final laying plan includes a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, segment point coordinates, cable segment length, joint location information, and the corresponding structured bill of materials.

[0005] In some embodiments, raw geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data are fused to generate a digital map of the site's microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors, including: The raw geographic data is analyzed to extract topographic elevation information, land cover type information, and coordinate information of fixed obstacles. The layout data of photovoltaic equipment is analyzed to extract the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array; Based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array, combined with the solar position algorithm, the dynamic shadow coverage time series of each spatial location point within a preset time period in the photovoltaic power station area is calculated. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract the time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance from meteorological monitoring points. Combined with topographic elevation information, spatial interpolation algorithms are used to generate time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance spatial distribution covering the photovoltaic power station area. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract soil physicochemical property data from soil sampling points. The soil physicochemical property data includes soil type, pH value and corrosive ion concentration. Spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate spatial distribution data of soil corrosivity level covering the photovoltaic power station area. The photovoltaic power plant area is divided into uniform grid units, and a feature vector is constructed and associated for each grid unit; A digital map of the field's microenvironment is constructed from all grid cells and their associated feature vectors.

[0006] In some embodiments, based on a digital map of the site's microenvironment, a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model are constructed and coupled to form a cable life-cycle performance model, including: Based on the characteristics of cable conductor materials, a functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is established. The functional relationship includes a correction term composed of the skin effect coefficient and the proximity effect coefficient, which are functions of the conductor temperature. Based on the annual average temperature, annual average wind speed and surface type coding contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, corresponding equivalent models of cable thermal circuits are established for direct burial, conduit laying and cable tray laying methods. The equivalent models of cable thermal circuits are used to calculate the steady-state conductor temperature of the cable under specific grid cell environmental conditions and specific load current. The functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is coupled with the equivalent model of the cable thermal circuit to establish a calculation model for the active power loss of the cable. The calculation model calculates the real-time active power loss of the cable under operating conditions based on the cable load current, cable length and steady-state conductor temperature calculated by the equivalent model of the cable thermal circuit. Based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship between the life of insulation materials and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity is established. The functional relationship is characterized by an Arrhenius-inverse power law combination model. The cable active power loss calculation model is integrated with the functional relationship between insulation material life and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity to form a cable full life cycle performance model. The cable full life cycle performance model can calculate the real-time electrical loss and insulation aging rate of the path in the digital map of the site microenvironment based on the environmental characteristics of the grid cell sequence traversed by the path in the digital map of the site microenvironment. Among them, the local environmental humidity is taken from the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated by the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment.

[0007] In some embodiments, based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship is established between the lifespan of the insulation material and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity. This functional relationship is characterized using an Arrhenius-inverse power-law combined model, including: Acquire accelerated aging test data for cable insulation materials. The accelerated aging test data includes failure time data of cable insulation materials under different constant temperatures, different constant humidity and different constant ultraviolet radiation intensities. Based on accelerated aging experimental data, the model parameters in the Arrhenius-inverse power law combined model were obtained by multivariate nonlinear regression fitting. The model parameters include activation energy parameter, voltage stress exponent parameter and environmental stress coefficient. A lifetime calculation function for insulation materials is constructed, with steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity as input variables. The insulation material life calculation function is linked with the site micro-environment digital map. For any grid cell in the site micro-environment digital map, the local environmental humidity is estimated based on the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated based on the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell. Then, the expected life of the insulation material when the cable is laid in the grid cell is calculated in combination with the steady-state conductor temperature.

[0008] In some embodiments, based on the cable lifecycle performance model, an objective function is defined with the goal of minimizing the total lifecycle cost, including: Based on the cable type and unit price per unit length, the initial procurement cost component of the cable is defined as a function of the total length of the cable laying path. Based on the surface type code and slope value contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, the mapping relationship of the laying construction cost coefficient is defined. The laying construction cost coefficient of each grid cell through which the cable laying path passes is accumulated and multiplied by the unit construction price of the foundation per unit length to define the cable laying construction cost component. The initial investment cost is calculated by adding the initial purchase cost of the cable to the cable laying construction cost. Based on the cable active power loss calculation model in the cable life cycle performance model, the real-time active power loss of the cable laying path at each operating moment within the preset project operation cycle is calculated. The real-time active power loss at each operating moment is multiplied by the real-time electricity price at the corresponding moment to obtain the loss electricity cost at that operating moment. The loss electricity costs of all operating moments within the preset project operation cycle are summed and discounted to the current moment using a preset discount rate to form the operation loss cost. Based on the functional relationship between insulation material life and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity in the cable life cycle performance model, the theoretical time point at which insulation failure occurs in the cable laying path within the preset project operation cycle is predicted. The probability of unplanned replacement work is calculated based on the theoretical time point. The probability is multiplied by the expected cost of a single unplanned replacement work. The expected cost includes the cost of cable replacement materials, construction costs, and power generation loss costs due to power outages. The expected costs that may occur in the future are discounted to the current time using a preset discount rate to form the expected maintenance cost. The total lifecycle cost is obtained by adding the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. The optimization objective is to minimize the total lifecycle cost, and the constraints of cable current carrying capacity, line voltage drop, path physical connectivity, and absolute avoidance area are used as the objective function constraints.

[0009] In some embodiments, based on the objective function and the digital map of the site's microenvironment, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is performed to output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, including: Based on the digital map of the site microenvironment and the constraints in the objective function, the DC-side path clustering and local optimization process is performed to generate the initial DC-side laying path and calculate the initial investment cost component corresponding to the initial DC-side laying path. Based on the digital map of the site's micro-environment, the process of constructing the cost map of the main AC channel is executed, generating the final AC channel cost raster map; Based on the cost grid of the AC side channel, a global optimization process for the AC side backbone path is performed to obtain multiple AC side backbone paths. The shared path segments between the multiple AC side backbone paths are recorded, and the sum of the initial investment cost components corresponding to all AC side backbone paths is calculated. The hierarchical collaborative iterative optimization process is executed, and the final determined inverter locations, the final DC side laying paths of each DC side equipment cluster, and the final AC side trunk paths from each inverter to the transformer substation or step-up substation are output. The final DC-side laying path and the final AC-side trunk path are connected and smoothed in three-dimensional space to generate a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

[0010] In some embodiments, intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length is performed on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment lengths, and joint location information, including: Obtain the standard manufacturing length list corresponding to the cable model. The standard manufacturing length list includes at least one standard cable reel length. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the total geometric length of the path is calculated, and the cumulative length of each path node is calculated sequentially along the path. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of path segmentation, a dynamic programming state transition equation is constructed. Define the state and decision in dynamic programming. The state is the position of the segment point on the path, and the decision is the number of cable reels used from the previous segment point to the current state point and the corresponding standard manufacturing length. The solution is based on the state transition equation of dynamic programming. The constraints that must be satisfied during the solution process include: The start and end points of each segment must be located on the straight section of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, and the distance from the bend point where the path direction changes by more than a preset angle must be greater than the minimum safety distance. The length of each segment must be greater than the preset minimum length of the available short segments; By solving the state transition equations of dynamic programming, the optimal sequence of segmented points is obtained, and each segmented point corresponds to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the optimal segmentation point sequence, the path length between adjacent segmentation points is calculated as the cable segment length, and the coordinates of the segmentation points are marked as the joint positions; The initial laying scheme is formed by the optimal sequence of segment points, the coordinates of the segment points, the length of the cable segments, and the location of the joints.

[0011] In some embodiments, the automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances in the initial laying scheme includes: Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable outer diameter parameters in the initial laying scheme, a solid cylindrical model of the cable is constructed in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station. Perform a three-dimensional Boolean operation interference check between the solid cylindrical model of the cable and the existing structural model, pipe model and equipment foundation model in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station to detect whether there is geometric spatial overlap between the solid cylindrical model of the cable and the structural model, pipe model and equipment foundation model, and record the coordinates of the conflict positions where there is geometric spatial overlap. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between different cable loops is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables, it is recorded as an electrical spacing conflict, and the conflicting cable loop pair is identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between the cable and the grounding grid or metal structure is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body, it is recorded as a safe distance conflict, and the conflicting cable segment and the grounding body or metal structure are identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable laying method in the initial laying scheme, the cross-sectional fill rate of the cable in the cable tray or conduit is calculated. The cross-sectional fill rate is compared with the preset maximum allowable fill rate threshold. If the cross-sectional fill rate is greater than the maximum allowable fill rate threshold, it is recorded as a fill rate exceeding the standard conflict, and the conflicting cable tray or conduit section is identified. Summarize the coordinates of all detected geometrical overlaps, electrical spacing conflicts, safety spacing conflicts, and conflicts with excessive fill rate, and generate a conflict detection report; If the conflict detection report is empty, the initial laying plan is deemed to have passed the automated verification. If the conflict detection report is not empty, a corresponding path adjustment suggestion will be generated based on the conflict type and location in the conflict detection report. The path adjustment suggestion includes the specific three-dimensional coordinate adjustment amount for local translation, lifting or detour of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

[0012] In some embodiments, generating path adjustment suggestions and updating the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme until verification is passed, to obtain the final laying scheme, including: Based on the conflict type and conflict location coordinates recorded in the conflict detection report, a path adjustment rule is generated for each conflict. The path adjustment suggestion rules are applied to the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying plan. The coordinate transformation is performed on the coordinate point sequence corresponding to the conflict position in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the intelligent segmentation process based on the standard cable reel length is re-executed to generate updated segment point coordinates, updated cable segment lengths and updated joint position information, and replace the corresponding original information in the initial laying scheme to form an updated initial laying scheme. For the updated initial laying plan, the automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances is re-executed to generate a new conflict detection report; Determine if the new conflict detection report is empty. If the new conflict detection report is empty, then use the currently updated initial laying plan as the final laying plan. If the new collision detection report is not empty, repeat the above update steps until the new collision detection report is empty, and use the last updated initial laying plan as the final laying plan.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an automatic optimization system for photovoltaic cable laying paths, applicable to the method described in the first aspect. The system includes a data receiving and fusion module, a cable performance modeling module, an optimization target definition module, a hierarchical path optimization module, an intelligent segmentation processing module, a conflict verification and scheme update module, and a scheme output module. The data receiving and fusion module receives raw geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data of the photovoltaic power plant site, and performs fusion processing on the raw geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data to generate a digital map of the site's micro-environment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors. The cable performance modeling module constructs a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model based on the site's micro-environment digital map, and couples them to form a cable life-cycle performance model. The optimization target definition module defines an objective function based on the cable life-cycle performance model, with the goal of minimizing the total life-cycle cost, which includes initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. The hierarchical path optimization module is used to... The objective function and the digital map of the site's micro-environment are used to execute a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process, outputting a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. This process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC-side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC-side main channel from the inverter to the transformer substation. Iterative feedback is used to adjust the inverter's connection location to minimize the total lifecycle cost. An intelligent segmentation module performs intelligent segmentation based on standard cable reel length on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, generating an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment lengths, and joint location information. A conflict verification and scheme update module automatically verifies the initial laying scheme for three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances. If a conflict is detected, path adjustment suggestions are generated, and the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme are updated until the verification is passed, resulting in the final laying scheme. A scheme output module outputs the final laying scheme that has passed verification. The final laying scheme includes the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, segment point coordinates, cable segment lengths, joint location information, and a corresponding structured bill of materials.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The present invention provides an automatic optimization method and system for photovoltaic cable laying paths, including: receiving raw geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data, and fusing them to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment; constructing and coupling a cable life-cycle performance model based on the digital map of the site microenvironment; defining an objective function based on the cable life-cycle performance model with the goal of minimizing the total life-cycle cost; performing a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process based on the objective function and the digital map of the site microenvironment, and outputting a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence; performing intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate an initial laying scheme; and automatically verifying and adjusting the initial laying scheme to obtain and output the final laying scheme. The present invention realizes the optimization and automated design of the full life-cycle cost of cable laying paths, improving the economy and design efficiency of photovoltaic power plants. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of steps S101 to S108 of the method described in the specific implementation embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic optimization system described in the specific implementation.

[0017] The reference numerals for the above figures are as follows: 1. Automatic optimization system; 11. Data receiving and fusion module; 12. Cable performance modeling module; 13. Optimize the target definition module; 14. Hierarchical path optimization module; 15. Intelligent segmentation processing module; 16. Conflict checking and scheme update module; 17. Solution Output Module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be particularly noted that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Similarly, the following embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 In a first aspect, this embodiment provides an automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths, including: S101, Receive raw geographic data of the photovoltaic power station site, photovoltaic equipment layout data and environmental time series data; S102. The original geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data and environmental time series data are fused and processed to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors. S103. Based on the digital map of the micro-environment of the site, construct a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model and a cable insulation aging prediction model, and couple them to form a cable full life cycle performance model. S104. Based on the cable life cycle performance model, define an objective function that aims to minimize the total life cycle cost, which includes the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. S105. Based on the objective function and the digital map of the micro-environment of the site, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is executed to output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The hierarchical collaborative path optimization process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC side main channel from the inverter to the transformer. The inverter access position is adjusted through iterative feedback to minimize the total cost of the entire life cycle. S106. Perform intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment length and joint location information. S107. Perform automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances on the initial laying scheme. If a conflict is found during the verification, generate path adjustment suggestions and update the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme until the verification is passed and the final laying scheme is obtained. S108. Output the final laying scheme that has passed the verification. The final laying scheme includes a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, segment point coordinates, cable segment length, joint location information, and the corresponding structured bill of materials.

[0020] In step S101, the raw geographic data comes from a geographic information system, digital elevation model, or field surveying, and includes topographic elevation, slope, land cover type, and the three-dimensional coordinates of fixed obstacles such as buildings, roads, and ditches. Photovoltaic equipment layout data is provided by power plant design drawings or equipment lists, clearly recording the installation locations, equipment models, and precise three-dimensional spatial coordinates of photovoltaic modules, inverters, box-type transformers, and other equipment within the site. Environmental time-series data is obtained through meteorological monitoring stations deployed in the site or by accessing a regional meteorological database, and consists of meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar irradiance recorded in time sequence.

[0021] In step S102, the fusion process involves aligning the multi-source data to a coordinate system, establishing spatiotemporal references, and associating attributes. Static geographic features are extracted from the original geographic data to characterize the site's topographic relief, surface type, and spatial distribution of immovable obstacles. Dynamic environmental factors are obtained through spatial interpolation, time-series analysis, and physical calculations of environmental time-series data to reflect microclimate conditions such as temperature, humidity, solar shading, and local wind speed that vary with time and spatial location. The generated digital map of the site's microenvironment is a digital environmental model covering the entire site, integrating the aforementioned static and dynamic attributes, providing a unified data foundation containing spatiotemporal variation information for subsequent refined evaluation of cable performance.

[0022] In step S103, the dynamic model of cable electrical parameters describes how key electrical parameters of the cable, such as AC resistance and inductance, change with the conductor operating temperature and the local environment. The cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, based on heat transfer principles, simulates the dynamic balance between Joule heat generated by the cable conductor and heat loss to the surrounding environment through the insulation and sheath under specific laying conditions, thereby solving for the cable's steady-state operating temperature. The cable insulation aging prediction model, based on the failure mechanism of insulation materials, predicts the degradation rate and expected service life of cable insulation performance under the combined effects of multiple environmental stresses such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation. Coupling to form a full life-cycle performance model of the cable refers to establishing parameter transfer and feedback relationships between the above models. For example, the conductor temperature output from the heat dissipation model is used as the input to the electrical parameter model, while the power loss calculated by the electrical model is fed back to the heat dissipation model as a heat source, thus constructing an integrated model capable of comprehensively evaluating the long-term operating performance of the cable in real, complex environments.

[0023] In step S104, the output results of the cable's full life-cycle performance model are used to quantify and calculate various costs. Initial investment costs are primarily estimated based on the cable type, unit length price, and total laying path length, and include construction costs affected by terrain complexity. Operating loss costs are calculated using a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters to determine the cable's active power loss during its operating cycle, and combined with a pre-set electricity price model and discount rate for the operating period, future electricity expenses are discounted to present value. Expected maintenance costs are based on the insulation life prediction results output by the cable insulation aging prediction model, assessing the probability and corresponding costs of unplanned repairs or replacements due to insulation failure during the project cycle, and are also discounted to the present.

[0024] In step S105, the hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is implemented based on the structural characteristics of the photovoltaic power station cable network. Clustering and local optimization of the DC-side path from the string to the inverter involves dividing multiple photovoltaic strings into several clusters based on spatial proximity, and independently optimizing the connection path from each cluster to a designated inverter to reduce local cable usage and losses. Global optimization of the AC-side trunk channel from the inverter to the transformer substation involves comprehensively considering terrain, environmental cost factors, and the location of all inverters across the entire site to find the trunk path network with the lowest total cost connecting each inverter to the transformer substation. Iterative feedback adjustment of inverter access locations means that during the optimization process, the inverters to which the DC-side clusters belong can be dynamically adjusted based on the initial path cost assessment, thereby changing the network topology. Through multiple iterations, the DC-side and AC-side path schemes collaboratively approach the globally optimal solution with the lowest total cost over the entire lifecycle. This process ultimately outputs a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence that accurately describes the direction of the cable centerline.

[0025] In step S106, intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length transforms the continuous optimized path into a discretized scheme that conforms to cable manufacturing specifications and construction requirements. Standard cable reel length refers to the standard factory length of the cable product. Preferably, the intelligent segmentation processing uses an available list of standard reel lengths as constraints, automatically calculating and determining the optimal segmentation point positions along a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. This ensures that the length of each generated cable segment matches as closely as possible to an integer multiple of the standard reel length, thereby minimizing the number of cable joints and material cutting waste. The generated initial laying scheme explicitly provides the three-dimensional coordinates of all segmentation points, the precise length of each cable segment, and the spatial location of each joint.

[0026] In step S107, the three-dimensional spatial conflict verification involves performing spatial interference analysis between the cable path model and existing three-dimensional solid models of buildings, pipelines, and equipment foundations within the power station to detect any geometric collisions. The electrical safety clearance verification calculates the minimum spatial distance between different cable loops and between the cable and the grounding grid or metal structure to determine if the safety clearance required by the design specifications is met. The verification process is automated. If a conflict is found, a path adjustment suggestion containing specific coordinate adjustments is automatically generated based on the conflict type and location. Subsequently, the path coordinate sequence is updated according to the suggestion, and the laying scheme is regenerated. Verification is then performed again, forming a closed-loop iteration until a final laying scheme without any conflicts is obtained.

[0027] In step S108, the final laying scheme integrates the optimized and verified continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, coordinates of all segment points, length of each cable segment, and location information of all joints. The corresponding structured bill of materials is automatically generated based on the above scheme, detailing the total length of each type of cable, segment details, specifications and quantities of joints and other accessories, achieving seamless transformation of design results into construction resources.

[0028] This embodiment constructs a full life-cycle performance model of the cable that couples the electrical, thermodynamic, and aging properties of the cable. Driven by this model, it performs hierarchical and collaborative path optimization on the DC and AC sides with the goal of minimizing the total life-cycle cost. By establishing a quantitative correlation between the long-term operating performance of the cable and the dynamic environment and economic cost, the path planning is upgraded from the traditional static length minimization to an automated decision-making process that comprehensively optimizes dynamic environmental adaptability and full-cycle economic efficiency. This effectively solves the problems of insufficient quantification of environmental factors, lack of long-term cost assessment, and disconnect between DC and AC side planning in traditional design.

[0029] In some embodiments, raw geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data are fused to generate a digital map of the site's microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors, including: The raw geographic data is analyzed to extract topographic elevation information, land cover type information, and coordinate information of fixed obstacles. The layout data of photovoltaic equipment is analyzed to extract the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array; Based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array, combined with the solar position algorithm, the dynamic shadow coverage time series of each spatial location point within a preset time period in the photovoltaic power station area is calculated. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract the time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance from meteorological monitoring points. Combined with topographic elevation information, spatial interpolation algorithms are used to generate time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance spatial distribution covering the photovoltaic power station area. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract soil physicochemical property data from soil sampling points. The soil physicochemical property data includes soil type, pH value and corrosive ion concentration. Spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate spatial distribution data of soil corrosivity level covering the photovoltaic power station area. The photovoltaic power station area is divided into uniform grid cells. A feature vector is constructed and associated for each grid cell. The feature vector includes the elevation and slope values ​​of the grid cell extracted from the terrain elevation information, the land cover type code of the grid cell extracted from the land cover type information, the obstacle identifier of the grid cell extracted from the fixed obstacle coordinate information, the annual average shadow coverage rate of the grid cell extracted from the dynamic shadow coverage time series, the annual average temperature and daily temperature difference statistics of the grid cell extracted from the temperature spatial distribution time series, the annual average humidity of the grid cell extracted from the humidity spatial distribution time series, the annual average wind speed of the grid cell extracted from the wind speed spatial distribution time series, the annual average irradiance of the grid cell extracted from the solar irradiance spatial distribution time series, and the soil erosion level of the grid cell extracted from the soil erosion level spatial distribution data. A digital map of the field's microenvironment is constructed from all grid cells and their associated feature vectors.

[0030] In this embodiment, the solar position algorithm calculates the solar vector based on the date, time, and latitude and longitude of the field area according to the astronomical calculation formula. Combined with the three-dimensional coordinates and orientation model of the photovoltaic module array, it determines whether any specified coordinate point in the field area is shaded within the simulation time step by the light projection, thereby generating a dynamic shadow coverage Boolean time series of that point. The annual average shadow coverage rate is calculated from the proportion of shadow status in the time series.

[0031] Spatial interpolation algorithms are used to extend environmental time-series data from discrete monitoring points to the entire field area. For time series data of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar irradiance, combined with topographic elevation information provided by the digital elevation model, interpolation can be performed using the Kriging method or the inverse distance weighting method considering the elevation factor to generate a spatial distribution field covering the field area with a time dimension. From these distribution fields, the mean values ​​within a preset statistical period are extracted for each location point as annual mean values, such as annual mean temperature, annual mean humidity, annual mean wind speed, and annual mean irradiance. The daily temperature range is obtained by calculating the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and then taking the average value within the statistical period.

[0032] The generation of spatial distribution data of soil corrosivity levels first involves spatial interpolation of the physicochemical property data of soil sampling points to obtain the continuous spatial distribution of each soil property parameter. Based on the corrosivity evaluation methods specified in industry standards, such as thresholds for indicators like pH range, chloride ion content, and sulfate ion content, the interpolation results for each location are comprehensively judged and assigned a corresponding corrosivity level.

[0033] The photovoltaic power plant area is divided into regular grid cells of fixed size. A feature vector is constructed for each grid cell, and attribute values ​​corresponding to the grid location are extracted from the spatial data layers generated by the above processing to fill the data. Specifically, this includes: extracting slope values ​​from the slope layer derived from the digital elevation model; extracting land type codes from the land surface classification map; determining the presence of fixed obstacles within the grid cell through coordinate matching and assigning them labels; extracting the shadow time series corresponding to the grid center point and calculating the annual average shadow coverage; extracting annual average temperature, diurnal temperature range, annual average humidity, annual average wind speed, and annual average irradiance from the interpolation results of various environmental factors; and extracting the corrosion level from the soil corrosion level distribution map. The digital map of the site's microenvironment, composed of all grid cells and their associated feature vectors, is a structured database that integrates multi-dimensional static and dynamic environmental attributes using a regular grid as a spatial index.

[0034] This embodiment transforms the raw data into a high-resolution environmental model that can be used for refined cable performance analysis through accurate shadow simulation, spatial interpolation that incorporates terrain effects, standard-based corrosion evaluation, and systematic rasterized attribute extraction. This provides a reliable and computable spatial environmental data foundation for subsequent lifecycle cost optimization.

[0035] In some embodiments, based on a digital map of the site's microenvironment, a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model are constructed and coupled to form a cable life-cycle performance model, including: Based on the characteristics of cable conductor materials, a functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is established. The functional relationship includes a correction term composed of the skin effect coefficient and the proximity effect coefficient, which are functions of the conductor temperature. Based on the annual average temperature, annual average wind speed and surface type coding contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, corresponding equivalent models of cable thermal circuits are established for direct burial, conduit laying and cable tray laying methods. The equivalent models of cable thermal circuits are used to calculate the steady-state conductor temperature of the cable under specific grid cell environmental conditions and specific load current. The functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is coupled with the equivalent model of the cable thermal circuit to establish a calculation model for the active power loss of the cable. The calculation model calculates the real-time active power loss of the cable under operating conditions based on the cable load current, cable length and steady-state conductor temperature calculated by the equivalent model of the cable thermal circuit. Based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship between the life of insulation materials and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity is established. The functional relationship is characterized by an Arrhenius-inverse power law combination model. The cable active power loss calculation model is integrated with the functional relationship between insulation material life and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity to form a cable full life cycle performance model. The cable full life cycle performance model can calculate the real-time electrical loss and insulation aging rate of the path in the digital map of the site microenvironment based on the environmental characteristics of the grid cell sequence traversed by the path in the digital map of the site microenvironment. Among them, the local environmental humidity is taken from the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated by the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment.

[0036] In this embodiment, the functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature can be expressed as the product of a reference resistance and a polynomial correction factor that includes the temperature variable. The skin effect coefficient and the proximity effect coefficient, as components of this correction factor, depend on the AC frequency, conductor cross-sectional area, spacing, and conductor temperature, and can be obtained by referring to the parameter curves provided by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards or the cable manufacturer.

[0037] The equivalent thermal circuit model of cables is constructed by simplifying the cable and its surrounding medium into a network composed of series and parallel thermal resistances based on the principles of heat transfer. For direct burial, the thermal resistance network includes conductor thermal resistance, insulation thermal resistance, and soil thermal resistance, with the soil thermal resistance calculated based on the soil thermal conductivity parameter corresponding to the surface type code. For cable tray installation, the main consideration is the air convection heat dissipation thermal resistance, which is affected by the annual average wind speed and determined based on empirical formulas for convective heat transfer. The model uses the annual average temperature as the environmental temperature boundary condition and obtains the steady-state conductor temperature under a given load current by solving the thermal network node equations.

[0038] The coupling process of the cable active power loss calculation model is iterative: the steady-state conductor temperature output by the cable thermal circuit equivalent model is substituted into the AC resistance function of the cable conductor to calculate the actual resistance value at the current temperature; then, using this actual resistance value, the cable load current and the cable length, the real-time active power loss is calculated according to Joule's law; the real-time active power loss is then fed back to the thermal circuit model as a heat source for temperature recalculation until convergence.

[0039] The functional relationship between the lifetime of insulating materials and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity is characterized by an Arrhenius-inverse power-law combined model. This model considers the aging process of insulating materials as the result of the combined effects of thermal aging and electro-environmental stress aging. Its mathematical form integrates the Arrhenius term reflecting the thermal activation process and the inverse power-law term reflecting the effects of electro-environmental stress.

[0040] The estimation of local ultraviolet radiation intensity is based on the assumption that the proportion of ultraviolet component in total solar irradiance is relatively stable. During the estimation, the annual average irradiance in the digital map of the site's microenvironment is multiplied by an attenuation coefficient related to the annual average shading coverage. This attenuation coefficient reflects the degree to which shading blocks ultraviolet radiation; for example, a linear or nonlinear function can be used to describe the relationship between shading coverage and transmittance.

[0041] The integration of the cable lifecycle performance model encapsulates the cable active power loss calculation model and the insulation material lifetime function relationship into a sequentially executable evaluation process. Based on the path sequence, the model sequentially calls the thermal circuit model to calculate the steady-state conductor temperature of each segment, thereby calculating electrical losses. Simultaneously, it uses this temperature, the annual average humidity derived from the eigenvector, and the estimated ultraviolet intensity to assess the insulation aging rate.

[0042] This embodiment constructs a cable lifecycle performance model that couples electrical, thermodynamic, and aging mechanisms, enabling a quantitative correlation between cable performance and the dynamic microenvironment of the site. This model provides an accurate calculation tool for assessing long-term operating losses and reliability risks under different path options, supporting lifecycle cost optimization decisions.

[0043] In some embodiments, based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship is established between the lifespan of the insulation material and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity. This functional relationship is characterized using an Arrhenius-inverse power-law combined model, including: Acquire accelerated aging test data for cable insulation materials. The accelerated aging test data includes failure time data of cable insulation materials under different constant temperatures, different constant humidity and different constant ultraviolet radiation intensities. Based on accelerated aging experimental data, the model parameters in the Arrhenius-inverse power law combined model were obtained by multivariate nonlinear regression fitting. The model parameters include activation energy parameter, voltage stress exponent parameter and environmental stress coefficient. A lifetime calculation function for insulation materials is constructed, with steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity as input variables. The expression for the insulation material lifetime calculation function is: insulation lifetime equals a reference constant multiplied by an exponential function with the natural constant as the base. The activation energy parameter, whose exponent is negative, is divided by the product of the Boltzmann constant and the thermodynamic temperature of the steady-state conductor, and then multiplied by the product of a humidity influence factor with local environmental humidity as the variable and an ultraviolet influence factor with local ultraviolet radiation intensity as the variable. The humidity influence factor characterizes the accelerating effect of local environmental humidity on the hydrolytic aging rate of the insulation material, and the humidity influence factor is a power function of the local environmental humidity. The ultraviolet radiation influence factor characterizes the accelerating effect of the local ultraviolet radiation intensity on the photo-oxidative aging rate of the insulating material, and the ultraviolet radiation influence factor is a power function of the local ultraviolet radiation intensity. The insulation material life calculation function is linked with the site micro-environment digital map. For any grid cell in the site micro-environment digital map, the local environmental humidity is estimated based on the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated based on the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell. Then, the expected life of the insulation material when the cable is laid in the grid cell is calculated in combination with the steady-state conductor temperature.

[0044] In this embodiment, accelerated aging test data is obtained by placing standard cable insulation material samples in a programmable environmental test chamber. The test chamber independently controls temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation intensity, sets multiple sets of constant stress combinations at different levels, and continuously monitors the sample performance until key indicators such as breakdown voltage or elongation at break drop to a preset failure threshold. The time elapsed from the start of the test to failure is recorded, forming a dataset containing the correspondence between temperature, humidity, ultraviolet intensity, and failure time.

[0045] The fitting process of the model parameters in the Arrhenius-inverse power law combined model is to use the experimental stress combination as input and the natural logarithm of the failure time as the target variable. The data is substituted into the mathematical structure of the Arrhenius-inverse power law combined model, and optimization methods such as the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm are used to iteratively adjust the values ​​of parameters such as activation energy, humidity stress index and ultraviolet stress index until the sum of squared residuals between the logarithm of the failure time predicted by the model and the experimental observation is minimized.

[0046] The lifetime calculation function for insulating materials is constructed based on fitted parameters. The exponential term in the function characterizes the thermally activated aging process, and its exponent is the ratio of the negative activation energy parameter to the product of the Boltzmann constant and the steady-state conductor temperature thermodynamic temperature. The humidity influence factor is constructed as a power function of the local ambient humidity, with the power exponent being the fitted humidity stress exponent, used to quantify the multiplicative effect of humidity on the hydrolytic aging rate. The ultraviolet (UV) influence factor is constructed as a power function of the local UV radiation intensity, with the power exponent being the fitted UV stress exponent, used to quantify the multiplicative effect of UV radiation on the photo-oxidative aging rate. The lifetime calculation function for insulating materials is the product of the thermal aging term and the two environmental stress influence factors.

[0047] The insulation material life calculation function is linked to the digital map of the site's microenvironment. For each grid cell, the annual average humidity is directly read from its associated feature vector as the local ambient humidity. The local ultraviolet radiation intensity is calculated based on the cell's annual average shading coverage and annual average irradiance using a linear or nonlinear attenuation model. Combining the steady-state conductor temperature of the cable at that location, the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity are input into the insulation material life calculation function. A linear function calculation is performed, and the output result is the expected lifespan of the insulation material when the cable is laid in that grid cell.

[0048] This embodiment establishes an accurate multi-stress life prediction model for cable insulation through standardized accelerated aging experiments and rigorous parameter fitting. It realizes the quantitative conversion between the microscopic aging mechanism of insulation materials and the macroscopic environmental parameters of photovoltaic fields, providing calculable and comparable life indicators for evaluating the insulation reliability of any cable route scheme.

[0049] In some embodiments, based on the cable lifecycle performance model, an objective function is defined with the goal of minimizing the total lifecycle cost, including: Based on the cable type and unit price per unit length, the initial procurement cost component of the cable is defined as a function of the total length of the cable laying path. Based on the surface type code and slope value contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, the mapping relationship of the laying construction cost coefficient is defined. The laying construction cost coefficient of each grid cell through which the cable laying path passes is accumulated and multiplied by the unit construction price of the foundation per unit length to define the cable laying construction cost component. The initial investment cost is calculated by adding the initial purchase cost of the cable to the cable laying construction cost. Based on the cable active power loss calculation model in the cable life cycle performance model, the real-time active power loss of the cable laying path at each operating moment within the preset project operation cycle is calculated. The real-time active power loss at each operating moment is multiplied by the real-time electricity price at the corresponding moment to obtain the loss electricity cost at that operating moment. The loss electricity costs of all operating moments within the preset project operation cycle are summed and discounted to the current moment using a preset discount rate to form the operation loss cost. Based on the functional relationship between insulation material life and steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity in the cable life cycle performance model, the theoretical time point at which insulation failure occurs in the cable laying path within the preset project operation cycle is predicted. The probability of unplanned replacement work is calculated based on the theoretical time point. The probability is multiplied by the expected cost of a single unplanned replacement work. The expected cost includes the cost of cable replacement materials, construction costs, and power generation loss costs due to power outages. The expected costs that may occur in the future are discounted to the current time using a preset discount rate to form the expected maintenance cost. The total lifecycle cost is obtained by adding the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. The optimization objective is to minimize the total lifecycle cost, and the constraints of cable current carrying capacity, line voltage drop, path physical connectivity, and absolute avoidance area are used as the objective function constraints.

[0050] In this embodiment, the mapping relationship of the cable laying construction cost coefficient is achieved by establishing a lookup table. This table uses the surface type code and slope value range as indexes, assigning a coefficient value greater than or equal to 1 to each combination. The coefficient value is determined by engineering experience or industry quotas based on the difficulty of excavation under different surface conditions and the degree of reduction in construction efficiency under different slopes. When calculating the component of the cable laying construction cost, for each grid cell traversed by the path, the laying construction cost coefficient for that cell is obtained by looking up the mapping table based on its surface type code and slope value. The coefficients of all cells are summed and multiplied by the unit construction price per unit length of foundation.

[0051] The calculation of operating loss costs first utilizes a cable active power loss calculation model, combined with path parameters and a digital map of the site's micro-environment, to generate a real-time active power loss time series with hourly steps within a preset project operating cycle. The power loss at each time step is multiplied by the real-time electricity price at the corresponding moment (using a time-of-use pricing model or historical electricity price curves) to obtain the power loss cost at that moment. The power loss costs at all moments throughout the entire operating cycle are summed to obtain the undiscounted total electricity cost. Then, the net present value method is used, with a preset discount rate as the discount rate, to discount the total electricity cost incurred each year in the future and add it to the current moment to constitute the present value of the operating loss cost.

[0052] The quantification of expected maintenance costs is based on the theoretical failure time points of insulation at each segment of the path predicted by the insulation material life function. Considering prediction uncertainty, the theoretical time points are treated as the mean of the failure time distribution, and it is assumed that the failure times follow a log-normal or Weibull distribution, thus calculating the probability of at least one unplanned replacement operation occurring within the project's operating cycle. The expected cost of a single unplanned replacement operation is obtained by estimating the total cost of cable materials, construction costs, and power generation revenue loss due to the power outage. The calculated probability is multiplied by the expected cost, and the product is discounted back to the current time using the same discount rate as the operating loss cost to obtain the expected maintenance cost.

[0053] Among the constraints of the objective function, the cable current-carrying capacity constraint is implemented by comparing the load current of each cable segment along the path with the maximum allowable current-carrying capacity corresponding to its model. The line voltage drop constraint is implemented by calculating the cumulative voltage drop from the beginning to the end of the path and ensuring that it does not exceed the maximum allowable value specified in the standard. The path physical connectivity constraint requires that the line segments between adjacent points in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence do not intersect with the impassable areas marked in the site microenvironment digital map. The absolute avoidance area constraint requires that the path coordinate sequence be completely outside the pre-defined three-dimensional geofence.

[0054] This embodiment transforms the output of the cable's full lifecycle performance model into three costs: initial investment, operational losses, and expected maintenance. By introducing rigorous discounting and probability calculations, a quantitative decision function is constructed with the goal of minimizing the total lifecycle cost. This objective function provides a unified monetized measure of the cable's long-term operational performance, environmental adaptability, and full-cycle economics, transforming path optimization from a multi-objective problem into a solvable single-objective mathematical optimization problem. This provides a clear and reasonable value orientation for automated optimization.

[0055] In some embodiments, based on the objective function and the digital map of the site's microenvironment, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is performed to output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, including: Based on the digital map of the field microenvironment and the constraints in the objective function, a DC-side path clustering and local optimization process is performed, including: using the inverter installation location as the candidate cluster center and the string location as the clustering point, executing a constrained K-means clustering algorithm. The constraints of the constrained K-means clustering algorithm include the maximum number of strings that can be connected to a single inverter, the maximum allowable altitude difference between the string and the inverter, and the constraint that the straight line connecting the string and the inverter must not cross the absolute avoidance area, thus forming multiple DC-side devices. Clustering, each DC-side equipment cluster includes an inverter and multiple associated strings; for each DC-side equipment cluster, with the inverter as the root node and the strings as leaf nodes, the slope value of each grid cell in the digital map of the field microenvironment is converted into a slope cost coefficient, and the Prim minimum spanning tree algorithm is executed on the distance matrix composed of the slope cost coefficients to generate the initial DC-side laying path of the DC-side equipment cluster, and the initial investment cost component corresponding to the initial DC-side laying path is calculated; Based on the digital map of the site's microenvironment, a process for constructing a cost map of the main communication channel is performed to generate the final cost raster map of the communication channel. This includes: assigning a basic channel cost value to each raster unit based on the surface type code and slope value contained in the feature vector associated with each raster unit in the digital map of the site's microenvironment; identifying potential path-sharing corridors; applying a discount factor to the basic channel cost value of the raster units located in the potential path-sharing corridors; and generating the final cost raster map of the communication channel. Based on the AC-side channel cost grid, a global optimization process for the AC-side backbone path is performed. The global optimization process for the AC-side backbone path includes: taking all inverter installation locations as the path start points and the substation or booster station locations as the path end points, performing Dijkstra's shortest path search algorithm on the AC-side channel cost grid for each inverter installation location to the substation or booster station location to obtain multiple AC-side backbone paths, recording the shared path segments between the multiple AC-side backbone paths, and calculating the sum of the initial investment cost components corresponding to all the AC-side backbone paths. A hierarchical collaborative iterative optimization process is executed, which includes: summing the initial investment cost components corresponding to the initial DC-side laying paths of the DC-side equipment clusters, summing the initial investment cost components corresponding to the AC-side trunk paths, and adding the inverter position movement penalty cost to form the total collaborative cost of the current iteration; within the allowable inverter position adjustment range, using the gradient descent method to search for the inverter position adjustment amount that can reduce the total collaborative cost; based on the adjusted inverter positions, re-execute the DC-side path clustering and local optimization process and the AC-side trunk path global optimization process to update the total collaborative cost. This re-execution already includes re-clustering the DC-side equipment based on the new inverter positions; repeating the gradient descent search and re-execution process until the change in the total collaborative cost is less than a preset threshold, and outputting the finally determined inverter positions, the final DC-side laying paths of each DC-side equipment cluster, and the final AC-side trunk paths from each inverter to the transformer substation or step-up substation; The final DC-side laying path and the final AC-side trunk path are connected and smoothed in three-dimensional space to generate a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

[0056] In this embodiment, the constrained K-means clustering algorithm incorporates constraint checks during the standard K-means iteration process. During the string allocation phase, if assigning a string to its nearest inverter would cause the number of associated strings for that inverter to exceed the limit, or if the connection between the two strings crosses an absolute avoidance zone, or if the elevation difference exceeds the limit, then the string is assigned to the second nearest inverter that satisfies all constraints. The slope cost coefficient is obtained by inputting the slope value of the grid cell into a preset monotonically increasing function. This function maps the slope to a multiplier greater than or equal to 1, which is used in the Prim algorithm to amplify the effective distance between steep slope grids, guiding the generation of laying paths that avoid steep slopes.

[0057] During the construction of the AC-side backbone channel cost map, potential shared corridors are identified by analyzing the directional distribution of all inverter locations and transformer locations. For example, the site is divided into several sector areas centered on the transformer. Grids located within the same sector and within a certain range of the transformer are marked as shared corridor areas. Their basic channel cost value is multiplied by a preset discount factor less than 1 to economically encourage paths to converge in these areas.

[0058] The inverter position movement penalty cost in the hierarchical collaborative iterative optimization process is calculated by multiplying the Euclidean distance between the new inverter position and the original candidate position by a unit distance penalty coefficient. The gradient descent method uses the inverter position coordinates as the optimization variable, estimates the gradient of the total collaborative cost with respect to each coordinate component using the finite difference method, updates the position along the negative gradient direction with an adaptive step size, and re-executes DC-side clustering, path generation, and AC-side path search after each update to calculate the new total collaborative cost until the cost change tends to stabilize.

[0059] When connecting and smoothing the final DC-side laying path and the final AC-side trunk path in three-dimensional space, the end point of the DC-side path is directly connected to the start point of the AC-side path at the inverter location. Smoothing is achieved by inserting three-dimensional circular arcs or fitting B-spline curves to smooth sharp angles near the connection points and along the path, ensuring that the generated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence meets the engineering requirements for the minimum bending radius of the cable.

[0060] This embodiment decomposes the complex global path optimization problem into two levels: DC-side local optimization and AC-side global optimization, by introducing constrained clustering, cost mapping, classical graph search algorithms, and gradient-based cooperative iteration. Dynamic coordination between the two is achieved through economic cost feedback. This method effectively coordinates the economics of DC-side cabling with the economics of AC-side channel sharing while ensuring solution efficiency. Furthermore, by iteratively adjusting the positions of key nodes, it achieves near-optimal global performance in terms of total lifecycle cost.

[0061] In some embodiments, intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length is performed on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment lengths, and joint location information, including: Obtain the standard manufacturing length list corresponding to the cable model. The standard manufacturing length list includes at least one standard cable reel length. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the total geometric length of the path is calculated, and the cumulative length of each path node is calculated sequentially along the path. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of path segments, a dynamic programming state transition equation is constructed. The total cost of path segments consists of cable reel waste cost and joint construction cost. The cable reel waste cost is defined as the cost difference between the actual length of the cable reel used in each segment and the standard manufacturing length of the cable reel. The joint construction cost is defined as the fixed cost of connecting cable joints at each segment point. Define the state and decision in dynamic programming. The state is the position of the segment point on the path, and the decision is the number of cable reels used from the previous segment point to the current state point and the corresponding standard manufacturing length. The solution is based on the state transition equation of dynamic programming. The constraints that must be satisfied during the solution process include: The start and end points of each segment must be located on the straight section of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, and the distance from the bend point where the path direction changes by more than a preset angle must be greater than the minimum safety distance. The length of each segment must be greater than the preset minimum length of the available short segments; By solving the state transition equations of dynamic programming, the optimal sequence of segmented points is obtained, and each segmented point corresponds to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the optimal segmentation point sequence, the path length between adjacent segmentation points is calculated as the cable segment length, and the coordinates of the segmentation points are marked as the joint positions; The initial laying scheme is formed by the optimal sequence of segment points, the coordinates of the segment points, the length of the cable segments, and the location of the joints.

[0062] In this embodiment, the goal of minimizing the total cost of path segmentation is specified as the sum of cable reel waste cost and joint construction cost. Cable reel waste cost for each segment is calculated by multiplying the difference between the standard manufacturing length of the cable reel actually used in that segment and the actual cable length of that segment by the unit purchase price per cable length. Joint construction cost is the fixed cost required to connect the cable at each segment point, including materials and labor.

[0063] In dynamic programming, the state is defined as the index of candidate points arranged in order of cumulative length on a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. These candidate points are pre-selected from the straight segments in the coordinate sequence and meet the minimum safe distance requirement from the bend points. The decision is defined as selecting a cable reel from a standard manufacturing length list to complete the laying of the segment from the previous state point (segment point) to the current state point.

[0064] The dynamic programming state transition equation is constructed by adding the minimum cumulative cost of the previous state point to the cost incurred from the previous state point to the current state point using a specific cable reel decision, thus updating the minimum cumulative cost of the current state point. The decision cost is the sum of the cable reel waste cost and the joint construction cost for that segment. The solution process traverses all state points and all possible predecessor state points and cable reel specifications. Under the constraint that the segment length is greater than the lower limit of the usable short segment length, the optimal cost and optimal predecessor for each state point are recursively calculated.

[0065] The constraints are enforced through preprocessing and state transition restrictions. During preprocessing, only pathpoints located on straight segments and meeting the safety distance requirements are considered as candidate state points. During state transitions, it is checked whether the path length from the predecessor state point to the current state point is greater than the lower limit of the usable short segment length; if not, the transition is prohibited.

[0066] After obtaining the optimal sequence of segment points through dynamic programming, the length of each cable segment is obtained by calculating the curvilinear distance between adjacent segment points on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The coordinates of the segment points are directly taken from the corresponding three-dimensional spatial coordinates in the coordinate sequence and are identified as joint locations.

[0067] This embodiment formalizes the cable segmentation problem as a dynamic programming problem with engineering constraints, targeting waste cost and joint cost, thus achieving intelligent segmentation under the constraint of standard cable reel length. This embodiment automatically balances material utilization and the number of joints, generating a segmentation scheme that minimizes material waste and additional joint costs caused by length mismatch while satisfying construction convenience, thereby improving the economy and feasibility of the laying scheme.

[0068] In some embodiments, the initial laying scheme is automatically checked for three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances, including: Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable outer diameter parameters in the initial laying scheme, a solid cylindrical model of the cable is constructed in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station. Perform a three-dimensional Boolean operation interference check between the solid cylindrical model of the cable and the existing structural model, pipe model and equipment foundation model in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station to detect whether there is geometric spatial overlap between the solid cylindrical model of the cable and the structural model, pipe model and equipment foundation model, and record the coordinates of the conflict positions where there is geometric spatial overlap. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between different cable loops is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables, it is recorded as an electrical spacing conflict, and the conflicting cable loop pair is identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between the cable and the grounding grid or metal structure is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body, it is recorded as a safe distance conflict, and the conflicting cable segment and the grounding body or metal structure are identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable laying method in the initial laying scheme, the cross-sectional fill rate of the cable in the cable tray or conduit is calculated. The cross-sectional fill rate is compared with the preset maximum allowable fill rate threshold. If the cross-sectional fill rate is greater than the maximum allowable fill rate threshold, it is recorded as a fill rate exceeding the standard conflict, and the conflicting cable tray or conduit section is identified. Summarize the coordinates of all detected geometrical overlaps, electrical spacing conflicts, safety spacing conflicts, and conflicts with excessive fill rate, and generate a conflict detection report; If the conflict detection report is empty, the initial laying plan is deemed to have passed the automated verification. If the conflict detection report is not empty, a corresponding path adjustment suggestion will be generated based on the conflict type and location in the conflict detection report. The path adjustment suggestion includes the specific three-dimensional coordinate adjustment amount for local translation, lifting or detour of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

[0069] In this embodiment, the cable solid cylindrical model is generated by three-dimensional sweeping with the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence as the axis and the cable outer diameter parameter as the radius, forming a continuous cylindrical geometry with solid volume for collision detection.

[0070] The 3D Boolean operation interference check calls the Boolean intersection function of the 3D geometry kernel to perform intersection operations on each structural model in the 3D model of the photovoltaic power station. If the operation results in a non-empty geometry, it is determined that there is geometric spatial overlap, and the centroid or boundary point coordinates of the overlapping geometry are extracted as the conflict location coordinates.

[0071] The three-dimensional spatial distance between different cable loops is obtained by calculating the minimum Euclidean distance between discrete sampling point sets on the two cable paths. The minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables is determined based on the cable's rated voltage, insulation type, and parallel laying length, referring to the table in the industry design specifications.

[0072] The three-dimensional spatial distance between the cable and the grounding grid or metal structure is calculated by taking the shortest distance from the cable path sampling point to the triangular facet of the three-dimensional model surface of the grounding grid. The minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding electrode is obtained from electrical safety specifications based on the grounding electrode type, cable voltage level, and soil conditions.

[0073] The cross-sectional fill ratio of cables in cable trays or conduits is calculated by summing the cross-sectional areas of all cables located in the same section of cable tray or conduit, and then dividing by the total cross-sectional area of ​​the cable tray or conduit. The maximum allowable fill ratio threshold is determined according to the laying specifications. Preferably, it should not exceed 40% for cable trays, and there are corresponding regulations for conduits based on the conduit diameter and the number of cables.

[0074] When generating path adjustment suggestions based on the conflict detection report, for geometrical overlap conflicts, the suggested adjustment amount is usually the minimum translation vector required to remove the cable entity cylindrical model from the overlap; for spacing conflicts, it is recommended to increase the distance between paths or between a path and a grounding electrode; for fill rate conflicts, it is recommended to adjust some cable paths to other cable trays or conduits.

[0075] This embodiment integrates three-dimensional geometric calculations with standard-driven distance and fill rate calculations to achieve multi-dimensional automated verification of cable laying schemes. It can efficiently and accurately identify potential physical interference, electrical safety hazards, and violations of installation specifications in the design scheme, and generate quantitative adjustment guidelines. This provides a key quality control link for the rapid iteration and optimization of the scheme, ensuring the engineering feasibility and safety of the final output scheme.

[0076] In some embodiments, generating path adjustment suggestions and updating the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme until verification is passed, to obtain the final laying scheme, including: Based on the conflict type and location coordinates recorded in the conflict detection report, path adjustment suggestion rules are generated for each conflict. These path adjustment suggestion rules include: for geometrically overlapping conflicts, generating coordinate adjustment rules that translate the cylindrical model of the cable entity along the normal vector direction of the conflict surface by a preset avoidance distance; for electrical spacing conflicts or safety spacing conflicts, generating coordinate adjustment rules that increase the three-dimensional spatial distance between cable loops or the three-dimensional spatial distance between the cable and the grounding body to a value greater than the corresponding threshold; and for conflicts with excessive fill rate, generating path redistribution rules that migrate part of the cable path to an adjacent parallel cable tray or increase the cross-section of the cable tray. The path adjustment suggestion rules are applied to the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying plan. The coordinate transformation is performed on the coordinate point sequence corresponding to the conflict position in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence to generate the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the intelligent segmentation process based on the standard cable reel length is re-executed to generate updated segment point coordinates, updated cable segment lengths and updated joint position information, and replace the corresponding original information in the initial laying scheme to form an updated initial laying scheme. For the updated initial laying plan, the automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances is re-executed to generate a new conflict detection report; Determine if the new conflict detection report is empty. If the new conflict detection report is empty, then use the currently updated initial laying plan as the final laying plan. If the new collision detection report is not empty, repeat the above update steps until the new collision detection report is empty, and use the last updated initial laying plan as the final laying plan.

[0077] In this embodiment, the path adjustment suggestion rules are generated based on the conflict type and conflict location coordinates recorded in the conflict detection report. For geometrically overlapping conflicts, the preset avoidance distance is determined according to the cable outer diameter parameters and construction specifications; the conflict surface normal vector is obtained by analyzing the direction of the overlapping geometry obtained from the three-dimensional Boolean operation interference check. For electrical spacing conflicts or safety spacing conflicts, the translation direction is calculated as the shortest direction from the cable path to another conflicting object, and the translation amount is the value required to make the three-dimensional spatial distance reach the minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables or the minimum safety spacing threshold between the cable and the grounding body plus a safety margin.

[0078] When applying path adjustment recommendations to the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the coordinate transformation is performed on the sequence of coordinate points corresponding to the conflicting location coordinates within the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. For translation rules, the corresponding component of the translation vector is added to each three-dimensional coordinate component of the affected coordinate point sequence. For path redistribution rules, the original coordinate points of the conflicting cables in the conflicting cable tray or conduit section are removed from the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, and transition path coordinate points connecting to adjacent parallel cable trays are inserted.

[0079] Based on the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the intelligent segmentation process based on the standard cable reel length is re-executed, that is, the dynamic programming state transition equation is re-run to solve, generating updated segment point coordinates, updated cable segment lengths and updated joint position information, and replacing the corresponding original information in the initial laying scheme.

[0080] The updated initial laying scheme is re-executed with automated verification of 3D spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances to generate a new conflict detection report. The new conflict detection report is then checked for emptiness. If empty, the updated initial laying scheme is adopted as the final laying scheme; otherwise, the steps of generating path adjustment suggestions based on the conflict detection report, coordinate transformation, re-segmentation, and re-verification are repeated until the new conflict detection report is empty.

[0081] This embodiment combines conflict detection results with predefined engineering adjustment rules to achieve automated closed-loop iterative optimization of the laying scheme. It can apply quantitative coordinate adjustments to specific conflicts and reassess compliance after each iteration, thereby gradually eliminating all conflicts and finally outputting an implementable final laying scheme that meets the whole life cycle cost optimization target and fully complies with three-dimensional spatial constraints and electrical safety specifications.

[0082] Please see Figure 2In a second aspect, this embodiment also provides an automatic optimization system 1 for photovoltaic cable laying paths, applicable to the method described in the first aspect. The system includes a data receiving and fusion module 11, a cable performance modeling module 12, an optimization target definition module 13, a hierarchical path optimization module 14, an intelligent segmentation processing module 15, a conflict verification and scheme update module 16, and a scheme output module 17. The data receiving and fusion module 11 is used to receive the original geographical data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data of the photovoltaic power station site, and to fuse the original geographical data, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment containing static geographical features and dynamic environmental factors. The cable performance modeling module 12 is used to construct a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model based on the digital map of the site microenvironment, and couple them to form a cable full life cycle performance model. The optimization target definition module 13 is used to define an objective function based on the cable full life cycle performance model, with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the entire life cycle, which includes the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. The hierarchical path... Optimization module 14 is used to perform a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process based on the objective function and the digital map of the site microenvironment, outputting a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The hierarchical collaborative path optimization process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC side main channel from the inverter to the transformer substation. It also adjusts the inverter access position through iterative feedback to minimize the total life cycle cost. Intelligent segmentation processing module 15 is used to perform intelligent segmentation processing based on the standard cable reel length on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, generating a sequence containing segmentation point coordinates and cable... The initial laying scheme includes segment length and joint location information; the conflict verification and scheme update module 16 is used to automatically verify the initial laying scheme for three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances. If a conflict is found during the verification, a path adjustment suggestion is generated and the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme are updated until the verification is passed and the final laying scheme is obtained; the scheme output module 17 is used to output the final laying scheme that has passed the verification. The final laying scheme includes the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, segment point coordinates, cable segment length, joint location information and the corresponding structured bill of materials.

[0083] In this embodiment, the system integrates multi-source data into a digital map of the site's microenvironment through the collaborative operation of various modules, and constructs a cable lifecycle performance model that couples electrical, thermodynamic, and aging performance. The optimization target definition module 13 defines a total lifecycle cost objective function based on this performance model, driving the hierarchical path optimization module 14 to perform collaborative optimization on the DC and AC sides, outputting the most cost-effective continuous three-dimensional laying path. The intelligent segmentation processing module 15 transforms this into an initial laying scheme that meets manufacturing and construction requirements, while the conflict verification and scheme update module 16 ensures the physical feasibility and safety of the scheme through automated verification and iterative adjustments. The scheme output module 17 generates a final laying scheme and bill of materials that can be directly used for procurement and construction. This system achieves automated, closed-loop design from environmental data to an implementable laying scheme, with optimal lifecycle cost, significantly improving the economy, reliability, and efficiency of photovoltaic power station cable laying design.

[0084] By adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention differs from the prior art and has the following beneficial effects: By integrating multi-source data to construct a digital map of the site's microenvironment, and based on this, establishing a full life-cycle performance model for cables that couples electrical, thermodynamic, and aging properties, a quantitative correlation between long-term cable performance and dynamic environmental factors is achieved. Furthermore, based on this performance model, a total life-cycle cost objective function is defined, including initial investment, operational losses, and expected maintenance. A hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy is adopted to coordinate local optimization on the DC side and global optimization on the AC side. Through iterative feedback adjustment of the network topology, a continuous three-dimensional laying path that minimizes the total life-cycle cost is automatically generated. Further, intelligent segmentation based on standard cable reel length optimizes material utilization and joint costs; and automated verification and closed-loop iterative adjustment of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances ensure the engineering feasibility and safety compliance of the solution. The final output includes accurate three-dimensional path coordinates, segmentation information, and a structured bill of materials. This invention elevates the traditional static, experience-based cable laying path planning into a data- and model-driven, life-cycle cost-optimized, and automatically constrained intelligent design method. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient quantification of environmental factors, lack of long-term economic assessment, disconnect between DC and AC side planning, and low efficiency due to reliance on manual verification, significantly improving the economy, reliability, and automation level of photovoltaic power station cable laying design.

[0085] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0086] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0087] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent device or equivalent process transformation made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths, characterized in that, include: Receive raw geographic data of the photovoltaic power plant site, photovoltaic equipment layout data, and environmental time-series data; The original geographic data, the photovoltaic equipment layout data, and the environmental time series data are fused and processed to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors. Based on the digital map of the microenvironment of the site, a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model are constructed and coupled to form a cable full life cycle performance model. Based on the cable life cycle performance model, an objective function is defined with the goal of minimizing the total life cycle cost, which includes the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. Based on the objective function and the digital map of the micro-environment of the site, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is executed to output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The hierarchical collaborative path optimization process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC side main channel from the inverter to the transformer. The inverter access position is adjusted through iterative feedback to minimize the total cost of the entire life cycle. The continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence is subjected to intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment length and joint location information. The initial laying scheme is automatically checked for three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances. If a conflict is found, a path adjustment suggestion is generated and the coordinate sequence of the continuous three-dimensional laying path and the initial laying scheme are updated until the check is passed and the final laying scheme is obtained. The output is the final laying scheme that has passed the verification. The final laying scheme includes the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the segment point coordinates, the cable segment length, the joint location information, and the corresponding structured bill of materials.

2. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The original geographic data, the photovoltaic equipment layout data, and the environmental time-series data are fused and processed to generate a digital map of the site's microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors, including: The original geographic data is parsed to extract topographic elevation information, land cover type information, and coordinate information of fixed obstacles; The photovoltaic equipment layout data is analyzed to extract the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array; Based on the three-dimensional spatial coordinates and orientation information of the photovoltaic module array, and combined with the solar position algorithm, the dynamic shadow coverage time series of each spatial location point within a preset time period in the photovoltaic power station area is calculated. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract the time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance of the meteorological monitoring points. Combined with the terrain elevation information, a spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate the spatial distribution time series of temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar irradiance covering the photovoltaic power station area. The environmental time series data is analyzed to extract soil physicochemical property data from soil sampling points. The soil physicochemical property data includes soil type, pH value and corrosive ion concentration. Spatial interpolation algorithm is used to generate spatial distribution data of soil corrosivity level covering the photovoltaic power station area. The photovoltaic power plant area is divided into uniform grid units, and a feature vector is constructed and associated for each grid unit; The field area microenvironment digital map is composed of all the grid cells and their associated feature vectors.

3. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the digital map of the site's microenvironment, a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model are constructed and coupled to form a cable life-cycle performance model, including: Based on the characteristics of cable conductor materials, a functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is established. The functional relationship includes a correction term composed of the skin effect coefficient and the proximity effect coefficient, which are functions of the conductor temperature. Based on the annual average temperature, annual average wind speed and surface type code contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, corresponding cable thermal circuit equivalent models are established for direct burial, conduit laying and cable tray laying methods, respectively. The cable thermal circuit equivalent model is used to calculate the steady-state conductor temperature of the cable under specific grid cell environmental conditions and specific load current. The functional relationship between the AC resistance of the cable conductor and the conductor temperature is coupled with the equivalent thermal circuit model of the cable to establish a calculation model for the active power loss of the cable. The calculation model for the active power loss of the cable calculates the real-time active power loss of the cable under the operating state based on the cable load current, cable length and the steady-state conductor temperature calculated by the equivalent thermal circuit model of the cable. Based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship between the life of the insulation material and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity is established. The functional relationship is characterized by an Arrhenius-inverse power law combination model. The active power loss calculation model of the cable is integrated with the functional relationship between the life of the insulation material and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity and local ultraviolet radiation intensity to form the full life cycle performance model of the cable. The full life cycle performance model of the cable can calculate the real-time electrical loss and insulation aging rate of the path in the digital map of the field microenvironment based on the environmental characteristics of the grid cell sequence traversed by the path in the digital map of the field microenvironment. The local environmental humidity is taken from the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated by the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the corresponding grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment.

4. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the aging mechanism of cable insulation materials, a functional relationship is established between the insulation material's lifespan and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity. This functional relationship is characterized using an Arrhenius-inverse power-law combined model, including: Acquire accelerated aging test data of cable insulation materials, wherein the accelerated aging test data includes failure time data of the cable insulation materials under different constant temperatures, different constant humidity and different constant ultraviolet radiation intensities; Based on the accelerated aging experimental data, the model parameters in the Arrhenius-inverse power law combined model were obtained by multivariate nonlinear regression fitting. The model parameters include activation energy parameter, voltage stress exponent parameter and environmental stress coefficient. An insulation material lifetime calculation function is constructed, wherein the steady-state conductor temperature, the local ambient humidity, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity are used as input variables. The insulation material life calculation function is associated with the site microenvironment digital map. For any grid cell in the site microenvironment digital map, the local environmental humidity is estimated based on the annual average humidity contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell, and the local ultraviolet radiation intensity is estimated based on the annual average shadow coverage and annual average irradiance contained in the feature vector associated with the grid cell. Then, the expected life of the insulation material when the cable is laid in the grid cell is calculated in combination with the steady-state conductor temperature.

5. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned cable lifecycle performance model, an objective function is defined with the goal of minimizing the total lifecycle cost, including: Based on the cable type and unit price per unit length, the initial procurement cost component of the cable is defined, which is a function of the total length of the cable laying path; Based on the surface type code and slope value contained in the feature vector associated with each grid cell in the digital map of the site microenvironment, a mapping relationship for the laying construction cost coefficient is defined. The laying construction cost coefficient of each grid cell through which the cable laying path passes is accumulated and multiplied by the unit construction price of the foundation per unit length to define the cable laying construction cost component. The initial investment cost is calculated by adding the initial purchase cost of the cable to the cable laying construction cost. Based on the cable active power loss calculation model in the cable life cycle performance model, the real-time active power loss of the cable laying path at each operating moment within the preset project operation cycle is calculated. The real-time active power loss at each operating moment is multiplied by the real-time electricity price at the corresponding moment to obtain the loss electricity cost at that operating moment. The loss electricity costs of all operating moments within the preset project operation cycle are summed and discounted to the current moment using a preset discount rate to form the operating loss cost. Based on the functional relationship between the insulation material lifespan and the steady-state conductor temperature, local ambient humidity, and local ultraviolet radiation intensity in the cable life cycle performance model, the theoretical time point at which the cable laying path will experience insulation failure within the preset project operation cycle is predicted. The probability of unplanned replacement work is calculated based on the theoretical time point. The probability is multiplied by the expected cost of a single unplanned replacement work. The expected cost includes the cost of cable replacement materials, construction costs, and power generation loss costs due to power outages. The expected costs that may occur in the future are discounted to the current time using the preset discount rate to form the expected maintenance cost. The total lifecycle cost is obtained by adding the initial investment cost, the operating loss cost, and the expected maintenance cost. Minimizing the total lifecycle cost is taken as the optimization objective of the objective function, and the constraints of cable current carrying capacity, line voltage drop, path physical connectivity, and absolute avoidance area are taken as the constraints of the objective function.

6. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the objective function and the digital map of the site's microenvironment, a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process is executed, outputting a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, including: Based on the digital map of the site microenvironment and the constraints in the objective function, a DC-side path clustering and local optimization process is performed to generate an initial DC-side laying path and calculate the initial investment cost component corresponding to the initial DC-side laying path. Based on the aforementioned digital map of the microenvironment of the site, the process of constructing the cost map of the main AC channel is executed to generate the final AC channel cost raster map. Based on the AC side channel cost grid, a global optimization process for the AC side backbone path is performed to obtain multiple AC side backbone paths. The shared path segments between the multiple AC side backbone paths are recorded, and the sum of the initial investment cost components corresponding to all the AC side backbone paths is calculated. The hierarchical collaborative iterative optimization process is executed, and the final determined inverter locations, the final DC side laying paths of each DC side equipment cluster, and the final AC side trunk paths from each inverter to the transformer substation or step-up substation are output. The final DC-side laying path and the final AC-side trunk path are connected and smoothed in three-dimensional space to generate the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

7. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence is subjected to intelligent segmentation processing based on standard cable reel length to generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment lengths, and joint location information, including: Obtain a list of standard manufacturing lengths corresponding to cable models, wherein the list of standard manufacturing lengths includes at least one standard cable reel length; Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the total geometric length of the path is calculated, and the cumulative length of each path node is calculated sequentially along the path. With the goal of minimizing the total cost of path segmentation, a dynamic programming state transition equation is constructed. Define the state and decision in dynamic programming, where the state is the position of the segment point on the path, and the decision is the number of cable reels used from the previous segment point to the current state point and the corresponding standard manufacturing length. The solution is based on the dynamic programming state transition equation, and the constraints that must be satisfied during the solution process include: The start and end points of each segment must be located on the straight section of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, and the distance from the bend point where the path direction changes by more than a preset angle must be greater than the minimum safety distance. The length of each segment must be greater than the preset minimum length of the available short segments; By solving the dynamic programming state transition equation, the optimal sequence of segmented points is obtained, and each segmented point corresponds to a three-dimensional spatial coordinate in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the optimal segmentation point sequence, the path length between adjacent segmentation points is calculated as the cable segment length, and the coordinates of the segmentation points are marked as the joint positions; The initial laying scheme is constituted by the optimal sequence of segment points, the coordinates of the segment points, the length of the cable segment, and the location information of the joint.

8. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial laying scheme is subjected to automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety clearances, including: Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable outer diameter parameters in the initial laying scheme, a solid cylindrical model of the cable is constructed in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station. Perform a three-dimensional Boolean operation interference check between the cable solid cylindrical model and the existing structural model, pipeline model and equipment foundation model in the three-dimensional model of the photovoltaic power station to detect whether there is geometric spatial overlap between the cable solid cylindrical model and the structural model, pipeline model and equipment foundation model, and record the coordinates of the conflict position where the geometric spatial overlap exists; Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between different cable loops is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum parallel spacing threshold between cables, it is recorded as an electrical spacing conflict, and the conflicting cable loop pair is identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme, the three-dimensional spatial distance between the cable and the grounding grid or metal structure is calculated. The three-dimensional spatial distance is compared with the preset minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body. If the three-dimensional spatial distance is less than the minimum safe distance threshold between the cable and the grounding body, it is recorded as a safe distance conflict, and the conflicting cable segment and the grounding body or metal structure are identified. Based on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and cable laying method in the initial laying scheme, the cross-sectional fill rate of the cable in the cable tray or conduit is calculated. The cross-sectional fill rate is compared with the preset maximum allowable fill rate threshold. If the cross-sectional fill rate is greater than the maximum allowable fill rate threshold, it is recorded as a fill rate exceeding the standard conflict, and the conflicting cable tray or conduit section is identified. Summarize the coordinates of all detected conflict locations of geometrical overlap, electrical spacing conflicts, safety spacing conflicts, and overfill rate conflicts to generate a conflict detection report; If the conflict detection report is empty, the initial laying scheme is determined to have passed the automated verification. If the conflict detection report is not empty, then based on the conflict type and location in the conflict detection report, a corresponding path adjustment suggestion is generated. The path adjustment suggestion includes the specific three-dimensional coordinate adjustment amount for local translation, lifting or detour of the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence.

9. The automatic optimization method for photovoltaic cable laying paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate path adjustment suggestions and update the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence and the initial laying scheme until verification is passed, to obtain the final laying scheme, including: Based on the conflict type and conflict location coordinates recorded in the conflict detection report, a path adjustment rule is generated for each conflict. The path adjustment suggestion rule is applied to the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence in the initial laying scheme. The coordinates of the coordinate points corresponding to the conflict positions in the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence are transformed to generate an updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. Based on the updated continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the intelligent segmentation process based on the standard cable reel length is re-executed to generate updated segment point coordinates, updated cable segment lengths, and updated joint position information, and replace the original information corresponding to the initial laying scheme to form an updated initial laying scheme. For the updated initial laying scheme, the automated verification of three-dimensional spatial conflicts and electrical safety distances is re-executed to generate a new conflict detection report; Determine whether the new conflict detection report is empty. If the new conflict detection report is empty, then use the current updated initial laying scheme as the final laying scheme. If the new conflict detection report is not empty, the above update steps are repeated until the new conflict detection report is empty, and the last updated initial laying scheme is taken as the final laying scheme.

10. An automatic optimization system for photovoltaic cable laying paths, characterized in that, The system applicable to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: The data receiving and fusion module is used to receive the original geographic data, photovoltaic equipment layout data and environmental time series data of the photovoltaic power station site, and to fuse the original geographic data, the photovoltaic equipment layout data and the environmental time series data to generate a digital map of the site microenvironment containing static geographic features and dynamic environmental factors. The cable performance modeling module is used to construct a dynamic model of cable electrical parameters, a cable thermodynamic heat dissipation model, and a cable insulation aging prediction model based on the digital map of the site microenvironment, and couple them to form a cable full life cycle performance model. The optimization objective definition module is used to define an objective function based on the cable's full life cycle performance model, with the goal of minimizing the total life cycle cost, which includes the initial investment cost, operating loss cost, and expected maintenance cost. The hierarchical path optimization module is used to perform a hierarchical collaborative path optimization process based on the objective function and the digital map of the site microenvironment, and output a continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence. The hierarchical collaborative path optimization process includes clustering and local optimization of the DC side path from the string to the inverter, and global optimization of the AC side main channel from the inverter to the transformer substation. The inverter access position is adjusted through iterative feedback to minimize the total cost of the entire life cycle. The intelligent segmentation processing module is used to perform intelligent segmentation processing based on the standard cable reel length on the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, and generate an initial laying scheme containing segment point coordinates, cable segment length and joint position information. The conflict verification and scheme update module is used to automatically verify the three-dimensional spatial conflict and electrical safety distance of the initial laying scheme. If a conflict is found, a path adjustment suggestion is generated and the coordinate sequence of the continuous three-dimensional laying path and the initial laying scheme are updated until the verification is passed and the final laying scheme is obtained. The scheme output module is used to output the final laying scheme that has passed the verification. The final laying scheme includes the continuous three-dimensional laying path coordinate sequence, the segment point coordinates, the cable segment length, the joint location information, and the corresponding structured bill of materials.

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