Rectangular blank compression process deformation force prediction method and device
By constructing a continuous velocity field and strain rate components for the compression process of rectangular billets, and combining this with the minimum value of the total power functional, the accuracy and complexity issues of predicting the compression forming force of rectangular billets in the prior art are solved, achieving high-precision deformation force prediction and reducing computational complexity.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 山西工程职业学院
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for predicting the compression forming force of rectangular billets suffer from limited calculation accuracy and high complexity. In particular, the simplification assumptions of the engineering method lead to insufficient accuracy, the slip line method is complex to calculate, and the finite element method is time-consuming and requires explicit boundary conditions.
By constructing a continuous velocity field during the compression process of a rectangular billet, and combining the strain rate components and the minimum value of the total power functional, the deformation force is determined. Formulas are used to analyze the lateral bulging changes and velocity boundary constraints, avoiding the simplification assumptions of traditional methods and reducing computational complexity.
It achieves high-precision deformation force prediction, reduces computational complexity, and can accurately describe the deformation law during the compression process of rectangular billets, making it suitable for practical production guidance.
Smart Images
Figure CN122197299A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal plastic deformation, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for predicting deformation force during the compression process of rectangular billets. Background Technology
[0002] Rectangular part compression, as a typical metal forming process, is widely used in metal plastic deformation processes such as forging and rolling. Predicting the forming force during metal plastic deformation has significant engineering value and broad application prospects.
[0003] Currently, there are various methods for predicting the compression forming force of rectangular parts, including the engineering method, the slip line method, the finite element method, and the upper bound method.
[0004] The engineering method is one of the earliest applied methods. It solves for deformation forces by establishing force equilibrium differential equations and yield conditions, combined with stress boundary conditions. However, the engineering method introduces many simplifying assumptions, resulting in simple calculations but limited accuracy. The slip line method can solve for stress and velocity components at any point within a deformable body, solving plane strain problems by establishing a slip line field. However, establishing a correct slip line field is difficult, and the calculation process is complex. With the development of computer technology, the finite element method has been widely used; however, the finite element method is time-consuming and requires explicit boundary conditions. The upper bound method establishes a virtual work equation based on a pre-set deformation velocity field, solving for the limit load of the boundary value problem of ideal rigid-plastic materials using the extremum principle. The resulting upper bound solution has safety assurance significance in engineering design. This method is computationally simple, conceptually clear, and yields reliable results, but it requires a pre-defined reasonable deformation velocity field.
[0005] Therefore, developing a continuous velocity field that can accurately describe the compression process of rectangular billets and establishing a high-precision method for predicting deformation forces has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, so as to accurately describe the continuous velocity field during the compression process of the rectangular billet and establish a high-precision method for predicting the deformation force.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet includes: performing velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the compression deformation process parameters and combined with the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet, to construct the velocity field during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet; determining the strain rate components during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet based on the velocity field; determining the minimum value of the total power functional during the deformation process of the rectangular billet according to the velocity field and the strain rate components; and determining the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet according to the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; wherein the target contact area is the contact area between the indenter and the rectangular billet.
[0008] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of performing velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the rectangular billet compression deformation process parameters and the side bulging change data during the rectangular billet compression deformation to construct the velocity field of the rectangular billet during compression deformation includes: constructing the velocity in the length direction of the rectangular billet based on the side bulging change data during the rectangular billet compression deformation process and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet; constructing the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular billet based on the initial thickness of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the indenter, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular billet and the indenter; and establishing the velocity in the width direction of the rectangular billet. .
[0009] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of constructing the velocity along the length direction of the rectangular billet based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet includes: using the formula based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet: The velocity along the length direction of the rectangular blank is constructed; wherein, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The velocity boundary constraint condition along the length of the rectangular blank represents the movement speed of the pressure head. , ,in, This indicates the maximum velocity along the length of the rectangular blank.
[0010] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of constructing the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head includes: using the formula based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head: The speed at which the rectangular blank is constructed is determined in the thickness direction; wherein, This indicates the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The contact boundary constraint conditions between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, representing the movement speed of the pressure head, are as follows: , , .
[0011] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the minimum total power functional of the rectangular billet deformation process based on the velocity field and the strain rate components includes: calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integration based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet; calculating the shear power of the velocity discontinuity during compression by integration based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter; determining the additional external force power required for the compression of the rectangular billet based on the initial length of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the indenter, and the additional external stress along the length direction during compression; and determining the total power and the minimum total power functional of the rectangular billet during compression deformation based on the internal plastic deformation power, the shear power, and the additional external force power.
[0012] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integration based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet includes: calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integrating the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet using the formula: Determine the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This indicates the internal plastic deformation power. This indicates the yield strength of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the width of the rectangular blank. Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface; Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface.
[0013] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of calculating the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet by integration based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter includes: using the formula based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter. Determine the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet; wherein, This represents the shear power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This indicates the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank.
[0014] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the additional external force required for compressing the rectangular billet based on its initial length, the speed of the pressure head, and the additional external stress along the length direction during compression includes: using the formula: Determine the additional external force power required during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This indicates the additional external force power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This refers to the additional external stress.
[0015] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area includes: using the formula based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area: Determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This represents the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet. This represents the minimum value of the total power functional. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This represents the target contact area. , This indicates the thickness of the rectangular blank after compression deformation. This represents the initial width of the rectangular blank.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the method for predicting the deformation force of rectangular billet during compression provided by the present application fully incorporates the lateral bulging change of the rectangular billet during compression into the velocity field construction. This method can restore the change law of the rectangular billet during the actual deformation process, avoiding the problem of the velocity field being out of sync with reality caused by neglecting this core deformation feature in traditional methods. At the same time, by combining the velocity field, the strain rate component, the minimum value of the total power functional, and the calculation path of the total deformation force, there is no need to perform the lengthy iterative calculation of the finite element method, which significantly reduces the computational complexity while ensuring accuracy.
[0017] The present invention also provides a device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, comprising: The velocity field construction unit is used to perform velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the process parameters of the rectangular billet compression deformation and the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet, and to construct the velocity field of the rectangular billet during compression deformation.
[0018] The strain rate determination unit is used to determine the strain rate components of the rectangular billet during compression deformation based on the velocity field.
[0019] The functional minimum determination unit is used to determine the minimum value of the total power functional during the deformation process of the rectangular billet based on the velocity field and the strain rate component.
[0020] The total deformation force determination unit is used to determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; the target contact area is the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular billet.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the rectangular billet compression process deformation force prediction device provided by the present invention are the same as those of the rectangular billet compression process deformation force prediction method described in the above technical solution, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description
[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, as provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial coordinate system of a rectangular billet provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the billet compression process provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the shape of a rectangular blank after compression, provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 5 A structural diagram of the device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are merely used to distinguish different thresholds and do not limit their order. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.
[0028] It should be noted that in this invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.
[0029] In this invention, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, or a, b, and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
[0030] This application provides a method and apparatus for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, which will be described in detail in the following embodiments.
[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, as provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of rectangular billets includes the following steps S101 to S104: S101, Based on the process parameters of rectangular billet compression deformation and combined with the side bulge change data during rectangular billet compression deformation, velocity field analysis is performed on the rectangular billet to construct the velocity field during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet.
[0033] A rectangular blank refers to a cuboid metal blank with a fixed initial length, width, and thickness, and serves as the carrier for compression deformation. During the compression deformation process of the rectangular blank, pressure is applied to the rectangular blank through upper and lower pressure heads, thereby completing the compression deformation of the rectangular blank.
[0034] In this embodiment of the application, the specific process parameters for the compression deformation of the rectangular billet include: the initial length of the rectangular billet. Initial width Initial thickness The speed of movement of the upper and lower pressure heads and the coefficient of friction between the rectangular blank and the pressure head in contact with it. .
[0035] Before performing velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet, a spatial coordinate system must first be established for the rectangular billet. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial coordinate system of a rectangular billet provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the spatial coordinate system of the rectangular billet is specifically set with the geometric center of the rectangular billet as the origin and along the length of the rectangular billet. The shaft is set along the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. The shaft is set along the width direction of the rectangular blank. axis.
[0037] Furthermore, the above S101 includes the following S1-1 to S1-3: S1-1, Based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet, construct the velocity in the length direction of the rectangular billet.
[0038] During compression deformation of a rectangular billet, the lateral flow of particles at the end faces is inhibited by frictional resistance due to the friction coefficient *m* between the upper and lower end faces and the indenter. However, the central region of the billet lacks significant constraint, resulting in a bulging shape with a central bulge and gently sloping ends during deformation. This characteristic determines the length direction (i.e.,...) The velocity distribution pattern (direction) is that the lateral flow velocity of the particles at the ends of the rectangular blank is the largest, while the lateral flow velocity in the middle is extremely small. Therefore, the velocity field construction must conform to this distribution characteristic of small velocity in the middle and large velocity at both ends, and avoid using the assumption of uniform velocity, which would lead to discrepancies with the actual deformation.
[0039] Specifically, S1-1 above includes: using formula (1) to construct the speed in the length direction of the rectangular blank.
[0040] (1); in, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head.
[0041] The velocity boundary constraint condition along the length of the rectangular blank is: , ,in, This indicates the maximum velocity along the length of the rectangular blank.
[0042] S1-2, Based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank is constructed.
[0043] Specifically, S1-2 above includes: using formula (2) to construct the speed in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank.
[0044] (2); in, This indicates the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head.
[0045] The contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular billet and the pressure head are as follows: , , .
[0046] S1-3, Establish the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank. .
[0047] In practical applications, rectangular blanks exhibit significant plastic flow and shape changes in the main deformation directions (i.e., the length and thickness directions), while there is almost no obvious plastic deformation in the width direction, only slight elastic deformation or rigid displacement, and the plastic flow in this direction is completely suppressed.
[0048] Therefore, the velocity in the width direction of the rectangular blank can be expressed as: .
[0049] Therefore, the results obtained from S1-1 to S1-3 above can be obtained from the above. , , Determine the velocity field during the compression deformation of a rectangular billet.
[0050] S102, Based on the velocity field, determine the strain rate component during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet.
[0051] The strain rate component is a physical quantity characterizing the degree and direction of deformation of any particle within a billet per unit time during the plastic deformation process of metal. It is a core parameter describing the dynamic characteristics of deformation. It is directly related to the velocity field, which reflects the trajectory and speed of the particles. The strain rate component, through the spatial rate of change of velocity, quantifies the relative motion between particles, thus reflecting the distribution of deformation strength. In the compressive deformation of rectangular billets, the strain rate component not only determines the magnitude of the internal plastic deformation power but also affects the solution of the extremum of the total power functional, directly impacting the accuracy of forming force prediction.
[0052] In this embodiment, the strain rate components include: linear strain rate components and shear strain rate components. The linear strain rate components reflect the deformation rate of the rectangular billet along the coordinate axis direction and can be obtained by taking the partial derivative of the rate components in the corresponding direction. The shear strain rate components reflect the shear deformation rate of the rectangular billet in the plane constructed by the two coordinate axes and can be obtained by taking the partial derivative of the velocity components in the two perpendicular directions along the opposite coordinate axis and then taking half of the derivative.
[0053] Specifically, the linear strain rate component can be expressed by formulas (3) to (5) based on the initial thickness of the rectangular billet and the movement speed of the indenter: (3); (4); (5); in, This represents the strain rate along the length of the rectangular blank. This represents the strain rate along the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. This represents the strain rate along the width of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis; and These are parameters to be determined. .
[0054] The shear strain rate component can be expressed by formulas (6) to (8) based on the initial thickness of the rectangular billet and the movement speed of the indenter: (6); (7); (8); in, Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface; Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface.
[0055] S103, determine the minimum value of the total power functional of the rectangular billet deformation process based on the velocity field and the strain rate component.
[0056] The purpose of S103 is to construct a total power functional that covers the energy consumption of the entire deformation process by integrating the motion law reflected by the velocity field and the deformation rate characteristics represented by the strain rate component, and then obtain the minimum value corresponding to the optimal energy state by solving the extremum, so as to provide core parameters for the calculation of the final total deformation force.
[0057] Specifically, S103 above includes the following S3-1 to S3-4: S3-1, Based on the strain rate component and the yield strength of the rectangular billet, the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet is calculated by integration.
[0058] Internal plastic deformation power is the power consumed by the internal metal particles of a rectangular billet during compression to overcome the material's own deformation resistance when plastic flow occurs. It is a component of the total energy consumption during the deformation process. The magnitude of this power is directly related to the severity of deformation (reflected by the strain rate field) and the material's resistance to deformation (reflected by the yield strength).
[0059] Specifically, S3-1 above includes: determining the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression process using formula (9) based on the strain rate component and the yield strength of the rectangular billet.
[0060] (9); in, This indicates the internal plastic deformation power. This indicates the yield strength of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the width of the rectangular blank. Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface; Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface.
[0061] S3-2, Based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the pressure head, the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet is calculated by integration.
[0062] The velocity discontinuity surface is the interface where the velocity of particles in different regions inside a rectangular billet changes abruptly during compression. Its formation is closely related to deformation characteristics and friction constraints.
[0063] Specifically, S3-2 above includes: using formula (10) to determine the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet.
[0064] (10); in, This represents the shear power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This indicates the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank.
[0065] S3-3, Based on the initial length of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the additional external stress along the length direction during the compression of the rectangular billet, determine the additional external force power required during the compression of the rectangular billet.
[0066] Additional external stress refers to the extra stress that is uniformly distributed along the length direction (x direction) of the billet, in addition to the principal stress applied by the pressure head, in order to compensate for the difference between the ideal model and the actual working conditions.
[0067] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the billet compression process provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 During compression, the upper and lower pressure heads apply pressure at both ends of the rectangular billet at different speeds. Compression is applied while additional external stress is applied to the rectangular blank along its length.
[0068] Furthermore, S3-3 above includes: using formula (11) to determine the additional external force power required during the compression process of the rectangular billet.
[0069] (11); in, This indicates the additional external force power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This refers to the additional external stress.
[0070] S3-4, Based on the internal plastic deformation power, shear power, and additional external force power, determine the total power and the minimum value of the total power functional during the compression deformation process of the rectangular billet.
[0071] The total power refers to the total power consumption of internal plastic deformation power, shear power, and additional external force power, which can be determined by formula (12): (12); in, This represents the total power.
[0072] Furthermore, the minimum value of the total power functional is specifically obtained by optimizing the undetermined parameters A and B to achieve the minimum value of the functional.
[0073] Specifically, the minimum value of the total power functional is obtained by solving... ,get minimum value .
[0074] S104, determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; the target contact area is the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular billet.
[0075] The purpose of S104 above is to combine the minimum value of the total power functional with the geometric parameters (target contact area), and transform it into the total deformation force required in actual engineering applications through quantitative derivation, thus completing the transformation of energy parameters into mechanical loads.
[0076] In one optional embodiment of this application, S104 above includes: using formula (13) to determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet.
[0077] (13); in, This represents the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet. This represents the minimum value of the total power functional. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This indicates the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular blank. , This indicates the thickness of the rectangular blank after compression deformation. This represents the initial width of the rectangular blank.
[0078] For further details, please refer to... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed shape of a rectangular billet provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The thickness of the rectangular billet after compression is shown in the figure. .
[0079] In the design of the experiment, pure lead, a material commonly used in industry, was used as the test material for rectangular blanks. Pure lead has good plastic deformation ability, is easy to undergo uniform plastic flow at room temperature, and has stable mechanical properties, which can effectively avoid abnormal deformation caused by material brittleness and ensure the reliability of experimental data.
[0080] The experiment used a universal testing machine with a range of 200 kN as the compression loading device, and the initial length of the rectangular billet was selected. mm, initial width mm, initial thickness mm, speed of movement of the upper and lower pressure heads mm / min, coefficient of friction between the rectangular blank and the pressure head in contact with it. Yield limit of rectangular billets MPa, no additional external stress during the compression process, i.e. The height after compression of the rectangular billet When the diameter is mm, the total deformation force finally read on the testing machine is 97.2 kN.
[0081] The total deformation force obtained by the method for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of rectangular billets provided in this application embodiment is 100.9 kN, and the relative error between this calculation result and the above experimental result is 3.8%. Therefore, the method for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of rectangular billets provided in this application embodiment can provide accurate deformation force, and can better guide actual production.
[0082] In summary, the method for predicting the deformation force of rectangular billet during compression provided in this application fully incorporates the lateral bulging change of the rectangular billet during compression into the velocity field construction. This method can restore the actual deformation law of the rectangular billet and avoid the problem of the velocity field being out of sync with reality caused by neglecting this core deformation feature in traditional methods. At the same time, by combining the velocity field, the strain rate component, the minimum value of the total power functional, and the calculation path of the total deformation force, there is no need to perform lengthy iterative calculations using the finite element method, which significantly reduces the computational complexity while ensuring accuracy.
[0083] This application also provides a device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 , Figure 5 A structural diagram of the device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, the device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet includes: The velocity field construction unit 501 is used to perform velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the process parameters of the rectangular billet compression deformation and the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet, and to construct the velocity field of the rectangular billet during compression deformation.
[0085] The strain rate determination unit 502 is used to determine the strain rate components of the rectangular billet during compression deformation based on the velocity field.
[0086] The functional minimum determination unit 503 is used to determine the minimum value of the total power functional during the deformation process of the rectangular billet based on the velocity field and the strain rate component.
[0087] The total deformation force determination unit 504 is used to determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; the target contact area is the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular billet.
[0088] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of performing velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the rectangular billet compression deformation process parameters and the side bulging change data during the rectangular billet compression deformation to construct the velocity field of the rectangular billet during compression deformation includes: constructing the velocity in the length direction of the rectangular billet based on the side bulging change data during the rectangular billet compression deformation process and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet; constructing the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular billet based on the initial thickness of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the indenter, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular billet and the indenter; and establishing the velocity in the width direction of the rectangular billet. .
[0089] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of constructing the velocity along the length direction of the rectangular billet based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet includes: using the formula based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet: The velocity along the length direction of the rectangular blank is constructed; wherein, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The velocity boundary constraint condition along the length of the rectangular blank represents the movement speed of the pressure head. , ,in, This indicates the maximum velocity along the length of the rectangular blank.
[0090] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of constructing the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head includes: using the formula based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head: The speed at which the rectangular blank is constructed is determined in the thickness direction; wherein, This indicates the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The contact boundary constraint conditions between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, representing the movement speed of the pressure head, are as follows: , , .
[0091] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the minimum total power functional of the rectangular billet deformation process based on the velocity field and the strain rate components includes: calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integration based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet; calculating the shear power of the velocity discontinuity during compression by integration based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter; determining the additional external force power required for the compression of the rectangular billet based on the initial length of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the indenter, and the additional external stress along the length direction during compression; and determining the total power and the minimum total power functional of the rectangular billet during compression deformation based on the internal plastic deformation power, the shear power, and the additional external force power.
[0092] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integration based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet includes: calculating the internal plastic deformation power of the rectangular billet during compression by integrating the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet using the formula: Determine the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This indicates the internal plastic deformation power. This indicates the yield strength of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, Indicates the length of the rectangular blank This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, Indicates the thickness of the rectangular blank This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, Indicates the width of the rectangular blank Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface; Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface.
[0093] In one optional embodiment of this application, the step of calculating the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet by integration based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter includes: using the formula based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter. Determine the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet; wherein, This represents the shear power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This indicates the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank.
[0094] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the additional external force required for compressing the rectangular billet based on its initial length, the speed of the pressure head, and the additional external stress along the length direction during compression includes: using the formula: Determine the additional external force power required during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This indicates the additional external force power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This refers to the additional external stress.
[0095] In one optional embodiment of this application, determining the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area includes: using the formula based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area: Determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet; wherein, This represents the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet. This represents the minimum value of the total power functional. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This represents the target contact area. , This indicates the thickness of the rectangular blank after compression deformation. This represents the initial width of the rectangular blank.
[0096] The method embodiments provided in this example and the system embodiments of this application belong to the same application concept. For technical details not described in detail in this example, please refer to the specific processing content of the method provided in the above embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here.
[0097] For the foregoing method embodiments, in order to simplify the description, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.
[0098] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For apparatus embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.
[0099] The steps in the methods of the various embodiments of this application can be adjusted, merged, or deleted in order according to actual needs, and the technical features described in each embodiment can be replaced or combined.
[0100] The modules and sub-modules in the apparatus and terminal in the various embodiments of this application can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.
[0101] It should be understood that the disclosed terminals, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways, given the several embodiments provided in this application. For example, the terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or sub-modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple sub-modules or modules may be combined or integrated into another module, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
[0102] The modules or submodules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components that constitute a module or submodule may or may not be physical modules or submodules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules or submodules. Some or all of the modules or submodules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment's solution, depending on actual needs.
[0103] Furthermore, the functional modules or sub-modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module or sub-module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules or sub-modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules or sub-modules described above can be implemented in hardware or in the form of software functional modules or sub-modules.
[0104] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
[0105] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly by hardware, a software unit executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software unit can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
[0106] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0107] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, characterized in that, include: Based on the process parameters of rectangular billet compression deformation, and combined with the side bulging change data of rectangular billet during compression deformation, velocity field analysis is performed on the rectangular billet to construct the velocity field during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet; Based on the velocity field, the strain rate components during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet are determined; Based on the velocity field and the strain rate components, determine the minimum value of the total power functional during the deformation process of the rectangular billet; The total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet is determined based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; the target contact area is the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular billet.
2. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process parameters for compression deformation of rectangular billets, combined with data on the side bulging changes during compression deformation, are used to perform velocity field analysis on the rectangular billets, constructing the velocity field during compression deformation, including: Based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet, the velocity in the length direction of the rectangular billet is constructed. Based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank is constructed. Establish the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank .
3. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing the velocity along the length of the rectangular billet based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet includes: Based on the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet and the velocity boundary constraints of the rectangular billet, the following formula is adopted: The speed at which the rectangular blank is constructed along its length; in, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The velocity boundary constraint condition along the length of the rectangular blank represents the movement speed of the pressure head. , ,in, This indicates the maximum velocity along the length of the rectangular blank.
4. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular billet based on the initial thickness of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular billet and the pressure head includes: Based on the initial thickness of the rectangular blank, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the contact boundary constraints between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, the following formula is used: The speed at which the rectangular blank is constructed in the thickness direction; in, This indicates the velocity in the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. and These are parameters to be determined. , This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, The contact boundary constraint conditions between the upper and lower end faces of the rectangular blank and the pressure head, representing the movement speed of the pressure head, are as follows: , , .
5. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the minimum total power functional of the rectangular billet deformation process based on the velocity field and the strain rate components includes: Based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet, the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet is calculated by integration; Based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter, the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet is calculated by integration. Based on the initial length of the rectangular billet, the movement speed of the pressure head, and the additional external stress along the length direction during the compression of the rectangular billet, determine the additional external force power required during the compression of the rectangular billet; Based on the internal plastic deformation power, shear power, and additional external force power, determine the total power and the minimum value of the total power functional during the compression deformation process of the rectangular billet.
6. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet, based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet, includes: Based on the strain rate components and the yield strength of the rectangular billet, the formula is: Determine the internal plastic deformation power during the compression process of the rectangular billet; in, This indicates the internal plastic deformation power. This indicates the yield strength of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the thickness direction of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This represents the strain rate along the width of the rectangular blank. Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface; Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface Represents the rectangular blank Shear strain rate of the surface.
7. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the shear power at the velocity discontinuity during the compression of the rectangular billet, based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the friction coefficient between the rectangular billet and the indenter, includes: Based on the velocity field, the yield strength of the rectangular billet, and the coefficient of friction between the rectangular billet and the indenter, the following formula is used: Determine the shear power of the velocity discontinuity surface during the compression of the rectangular billet; in, This represents the shear power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. The spatial coordinate system of the rectangular blank is set along the length direction. axis, This indicates the velocity along the length of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the thickness direction. axis, This indicates the initial thickness of the rectangular blank. This indicates that the spatial coordinate system is set along the width direction. axis, This indicates the speed in the width direction of the rectangular blank.
8. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the additional external force power required for compressing the rectangular billet based on its initial length, the speed of the indenter, and the additional external stress along its length during compression includes: Based on the initial length of the rectangular billet, the speed of the indenter, and the additional external stress along the width direction during the compression of the rectangular billet, the following formula is used: Determine the additional external force power required during the compression process of the rectangular billet; in, This indicates the additional external force power. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This refers to the additional external stress.
9. The method for predicting deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area includes: Based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area, the following formula is used: Determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet; in, This represents the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet. This represents the minimum value of the total power functional. This indicates the initial length of the rectangular blank. This indicates the speed of movement of the pressure head. This represents the target contact area. , This indicates the thickness of the rectangular blank after compression deformation. This represents the initial width of the rectangular blank.
10. A device for predicting the deformation force during the compression process of a rectangular billet, characterized in that, include: The velocity field construction unit is used to perform velocity field analysis on the rectangular billet based on the process parameters of the rectangular billet compression deformation and the side bulging change data during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet, and to construct the velocity field during the compression deformation of the rectangular billet. The strain rate determination unit is used to determine the strain rate components of the rectangular billet during compressive deformation based on the velocity field. The functional minimum determination unit is used to determine the minimum value of the total power functional during the deformation process of the rectangular billet based on the velocity field and the strain rate component. The total deformation force determination unit is used to determine the total deformation force during the compression process of the rectangular billet based on the minimum value of the total power functional and the target contact area; the target contact area is the contact area between the pressure head and the rectangular billet.