An apparatus and method for sensing and communication in combination of ultra-high precision and ultra-high energy efficiency in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for combining hyper-accuracy and ultra-low power sensing with communication in a wireless communication system. An operation method of a base station (BS) for implementing communication and sensing combination in a wireless communication system, comprising: transmitting a multiplexed signal to a user equipment (UE), the multiplexed signal including a communication signal and a sensing signal multiplexed in the same frequency band or time band; estimating at least one of position information, speed information, direction information, or size information of a target through the sensing signal; transmitting and receiving data with the UE through the communication signal; and transmitting a control signal to the UE to cause the UE to simultaneously or sequentially process the sensing signal and the communication signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for combining ultra-high precision and ultra-high energy efficiency sensing with communication in wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In addition to providing ultra-high-speed data transmission and low latency, wireless communication systems also need to possess accurate sensing and communication capabilities in various environments. These wireless communication systems mainly include next-generation communication systems such as 5G, and are applied in multiple application areas such as sensor networks, autonomous driving, and the Internet of Things. Such wireless communication systems require sensing technologies such as radar to achieve high-precision position estimation, target recognition, and velocity measurement. In particular, with the increasing demand for ICAS (Integrated Communication and Sensing) or ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) systems that combine communication and sensing, the technical challenges of improving the accuracy of communication and sensing are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] In existing technologies, communication systems primarily focus on data transmission, while radar-based sensing systems use separate frequency bands for target detection or position estimation. However, there is a growing demand for integrating communication and sensing systems to operate simultaneously on the same frequency band or a single carrier. This is particularly true in next-generation communication technologies such as 6G, where combining communication and sensing to efficiently utilize higher frequency bands has become a key technological objective. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (The problem that the invention aims to solve)

[0005] In view of the above problems, this disclosure provides an apparatus and method for combining ultra-high precision sensing and communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] Furthermore, this disclosure provides an apparatus and method for achieving high-precision sensing from the perspective of the base station in a wireless communication system, while maintaining communication quality by frequency division or time division multiplexing of communication and sensing functions, and achieving ultra-low power consumption on the user equipment or target side.

[0007] Furthermore, this disclosure provides an apparatus and method for detecting or identifying high-precision targets in a wireless communication system.

[0008] Furthermore, this disclosure provides an apparatus and method for activating sensing and communication functions only when needed in a wireless communication system by applying a backscattering technique based on frequency shift keying (FSK).

[0009] Furthermore, this disclosure provides an apparatus and method for simultaneously performing communication and sensing on the same frequency band or a single carrier in a wireless communication system.

[0010] (The measures taken to solve the problem)

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for a transmitting device and a receiving device to communicate via a request channel and a response channel, the method comprising: the transmitting device outputting a load signal including data to the receiving device via the request channel; the receiving device storing the data; the transmitting device providing a response request signal indicating whether a response is required; and the receiving device responding to the stored data via the response channel according to the response request signal.

[0012] In various embodiments of this disclosure, an operational method for combining communication and sensing in a wireless communication system, performed by a base station (BS), may include: sending multiplexed communication signals and sensing signals to a user equipment (UE), wherein the communication signals and the sensing signals are multiplexed in the same frequency band or time domain; estimating at least one of the location information, velocity information, orientation information, or size information of a target using the sensing signals; transmitting and receiving data with the UE using the communication signals; and sending control signals to the UE to cause the UE to process the sensing signals and the communication signals simultaneously or sequentially.

[0013] In various embodiments of this disclosure, an operational method for combining communication and sensing in a wireless communication system, performed by a user equipment (UE), may include: processing communication signals and sensing signals received from a base station (BS) separately; receiving and analyzing target or UE information provided by the BS through the sensing signals, wherein the target or UE information includes location information, speed information, direction information, or size information; transmitting and receiving data with the BS through the communication signals; and transmitting the processing result to the BS after processing the communication signals and the sensing signals.

[0014] In various embodiments of this disclosure, an operational method performed by a base station (BS) to realize communication and sensing in a wireless communication system using frequency bands may include: allocating frequency bands for communication and sensing respectively; estimating the location, velocity, orientation, or size information of a target or user equipment (UE) by analyzing signals transmitted in the frequency band used for sensing; and transmitting and receiving data with the UE in the frequency band used for communication.

[0015] In various embodiments of this disclosure, a base station (BS) for implementing communication and sensing in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a controller operably connected to the transceiver, wherein the controller: transmits communication signals and sensing signals multiplexed in the same frequency band or time domain to a user equipment (UE); estimates at least one of location information, velocity information, orientation information, or size information of a target or UE using the sensing signals; transmits and receives data with the UE using the communication signals; and transmits control signals to the UE to cause the UE to process the sensing signals and the communication signals simultaneously or sequentially.

[0016] (The effect of the invention)

[0017] In various embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus and method achieve high-precision sensing while maintaining communication quality by simultaneously performing communication and sensing in a single system.

[0018] Furthermore, in various embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus and method can distinguish multiple targets and identify their different attributes and characteristics by accurately estimating the target's position, velocity, direction, etc.

[0019] Furthermore, in various embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus and method achieve high-performance sensing while minimizing user device battery consumption by applying frequency shift keying (FSK) based backscattering technology.

[0020] Furthermore, in various embodiments of this disclosure, by addressing the problem of decreased sensing accuracy caused by transmission and reception timing errors, the apparatus and method can maximize the accuracy of sensing information.

[0021] Furthermore, in various embodiments of this disclosure, by performing frequency division or time division multiplexing of sensing signals and communication signals on a single carrier, the apparatus and method can achieve both communication and sensing, while minimizing user equipment battery consumption and achieving high-precision target perception and identification.

[0022] The effects that can be obtained by this disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned contents. Other unmentioned effects that can be understood by those skilled in the art based on the following description are also within the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an FMCW radar according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 2 Examples of problems that may arise when identifying multiple targets according to various embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0025] Figure 3This illustration shows an operation method of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 5 An example of a bandwidth allocation multiplexing method for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 6 An example of a carrier allocation multiplexing method for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a signal flow from an ICAS system access to sensing between TRPs via TDM, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a signal flow from ICAS system access to sensing between TRPs via full frequency division multiplexing / partial frequency division multiplexing, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 9 An example of ensuring Loss of Service (LoS) among multiple TRPs is shown according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 10 Examples of time-frequency structures for synchronization signal blocks according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0033] Figure 11 A four-step contention-based random access process is shown according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 12 This illustrates a two-step contention-based random access process according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 13 A block diagram of a first transceiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 14 An example of a transceiver signal waveform is shown in a first transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 15 An example of another transceiver signal waveform corresponding to a first transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 16 A block diagram of a second transceiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 17An example of a transceiver signal waveform is shown in a second transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 18 An example of another transceiver signal waveform corresponding to a second transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 19 An IFFT input map of a digital BB (baseband) frequency domain sensing signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 20 An example of a perception and recognition algorithm based on up-chirp according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Figure 21 An example of a perception and recognition algorithm based on a first down-up-chirp according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0044] Figure 22 An example of a perception and recognition algorithm based on a second down-up scanning frequency is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 23 A base station configuration diagram is shown in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 24 A user equipment configuration diagram is shown in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The terminology used in this disclosure is intended to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of other embodiments. Unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, the singular form generally includes plural forms. Technical or scientific terms used herein should have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Terms as defined in conventional dictionaries should be interpreted as having the same or similar meanings in the context of the relevant technical field and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless expressly defined herein. In some cases, even terms defined herein should not be construed as excluding embodiments of this disclosure.

[0048] The embodiments of this disclosure described below are illustrated using hardware implementations as examples. However, since the embodiments of this disclosure cover technical solutions that employ both hardware and software, software-based implementations are not excluded.

[0049] Furthermore, in the detailed description and claims of this disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" can mean "only A", "only B", "only C" or "any combination of A, B and C". Meanwhile, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0050] In the following, this disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for combining ultra-high precision and ultra-low power sensing and communication in a wireless communication system. Specifically, this disclosure relates to an ICAS (Integrated Communication and Sensing) process, transceiver method, and apparatus, which performs sensing while communicating through access to a wireless communication system. The sensing includes: wireless distance estimation between the transmitter and receiver required for wireless absolute time synchronization (ATS), wireless propagation delay measurement between the transmitter and receiver, target Doppler estimation, target velocity estimation, target shape estimation, target size estimation, target orientation estimation, target position estimation, and estimation of relative motion between targets.

[0051] The terminology used below—including terms used to refer to signals, channels, control information, network entities, and device components—is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the terminology described below, and other terms with equivalent technical meanings may be used.

[0052] Furthermore, although this disclosure describes various embodiments in conjunction with terminology used in specific communication specifications (e.g., 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)), these are merely illustrative examples. The embodiments of this disclosure can be readily modified and adapted to other communication systems.

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0054] Traditional radar (radio detection and ranging) methods include those based on FMCW, PMCW (pulse modulated continuous wave), or OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). However, these methods suffer from the problems that this disclosure aims to address. Therefore, this disclosure uses FMCW radar as an example, combined with... Figure 1 The problems with traditional radar methods are explained.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 Box 101 in the image, in the transmitter of an up-chirp-based FMCW radar, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in the analog stage (e.g., the IF (intermediate frequency) stage), the frequency changes with time from the reference frequency. The frequency is increased linearly, thus generating an up-sweep analog signal. This signal is then up-converted to the carrier frequency. It transmits wirelessly in the form of RF (radio frequency) signals through a power amplifier (PA) and a transmitting antenna.

[0056] Reference frequency The difference between the maximum frequency and the maximum frequency constitutes the effective bandwidth (BW), and the duration of a single upsweep signal can be defined as... Meanwhile, in the receiver of an up-sweeping frequency-based FMCW radar, such as Figure 1 As shown, the up-sweep analog signal generated by the transmitter analog stage is mixed with the reflected signal received by the receiver analog stage, and can be further down-converted to the IF stage.

[0057] A digital signal can be obtained by filtering the analog signal down-converted to the IF level using an LPF (low-pass filter) and converting it using an ADC (analog-to-digital converter).

[0058] Reference Figure 1 In box 103, during the processing of the generated digital signal (i.e., the sensed signal), the radar transmitter and target are estimated. Distance between Simultaneously, it can also acquire other sensing information such as velocity estimation. For ease of understanding, without considering the phase distortion component caused by hardware damage, the distance estimation process can be explained by the following equation.

[0059] First, the up-sweep frequency signal at the LPF output terminal of the transmitter IF stage can be expressed as Equation (1).

[0060] 【Equation (1)】

[0061]

[0062] Next, the upsweep signal of the receiver's IF stage can be expressed as equation (2).

[0063] 【Equation (2)】

[0064] ,in, .

[0065] Where A represents the received signal strength, Indicates the sender and the target The RTT (Round Trip Time) or RTD (Round Trip Delay) between them can be represented by λ. In equation (2), c is the speed of light, which has a value of 3 × 10^8 m / s.

[0066] Reference Figure 1Box 103 in the middle generates a digital signal by performing ADC processing on equation (2), and as shown in the figure. Figure 1 As shown in the shaded area, after filtering out the transient signals received by reflection, the signal can be estimated by performing FMCW radar estimation signal processing on the signal within the sampling up-sweep period. .

[0067] Figure 1 The FMCW radar shown is used for sensing targets at relatively close range. Therefore, due to the short reflected RTD, the transmitter and receiver need to operate simultaneously at the same frequency. Although simultaneous operation will produce self-interference (SI) signal effects in the received signal, theoretically, since the SI signal has approximately DC characteristics after passing through the mixer of the FMCW radar receiver (i.e., ...), Therefore, it can be removed at the IF level, although DC removers are not usually used in actual implementations. Figure 1 The FMCW radar shown is being commercialized and applied globally to vehicle radar due to the inherent efficiency of its technology.

[0068] Meanwhile, it's important to note that the accuracy of wireless propagation delay sensing using traditional radar methods is far superior to that of the RTT method employed in the traditional 3GPP Release-17 mobile communication standard system, and it virtually eliminates technically uncontrollable error factors. In other words, when using the aforementioned RTT method, the accuracy of wireless propagation delay estimation is simultaneously affected by both the base station's transmission and reception timing errors and the user equipment's transmission and reception timing errors. Reception timing errors can be minimized by designing extremely high time resolution from a standard specification perspective. In contrast, transmission timing errors, such as jitter caused by equipment hardware damage, are difficult to control even through standard specifications. Therefore, the RTT method has inherent limitations in improving accuracy.

[0069] Furthermore, when using the RTT method, not only the base station but also the user equipment (UE) needs to perform transmit / receive timing estimation, leading to increased battery consumption of the UE. In contrast, by employing the traditional FMCW radar method, where the sensed information is essentially in the frequency domain, the impact of the aforementioned transmit / receive timing errors can be avoided. Therefore, from a standards and specifications perspective alone, improved sensing accuracy can be achieved, demonstrating significant technical advantages.

[0070] Figure 2 Examples of problems that may arise when identifying multiple targets according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. Specifically, Figure 2 This demonstrates the limitations of target separation and recognition when detecting multiple targets simultaneously.

[0071] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 1 The key problem with the radar method shown is that while it can sense multiple targets, it cannot identify the sensed target objects. For ease of understanding, the following diagram is provided: Figure 2 As shown, it is assumed that there are three targets around the radar, namely the undesired target 201, the first target 203 and the second target 205, and it is required to have clear perception of the desired first target 203 and the second target 205.

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, when the transmitting radar Tx transmits radar signal S(t) through its antenna, the receiving radar Rx can receive the signal reflected from the undesired target 201. Furthermore, it can also receive reflections from the first target 203 that is expected to be perceived. And the reflection from the second target 205, which also expects to be perceived. The key problem here is that even if traditional radar methods can rely on reflected signals... , and Even if each target is perceived separately, it is still impossible to determine which target each perceived information corresponds to.

[0073] Furthermore, traditional radar methods have been commercially applied in frequency bands such as 24GHz, 77GHz, and 79GHz. To date, these frequency bands have only been used for sensing, and therefore have not presented significant problems. However, in 6G mobile communication systems that require higher transmission rates, wider bandwidth, and higher sensing accuracy, it is anticipated that the convergence of communication and sensing will need to be achieved by sharing these frequency bands currently occupied by traditional commercial radar systems.

[0074] Furthermore, when the frequency band occupied by traditional radar is deemed unsuitable for communication due to significant hardware limitations, the fusion of communication and sensing in the mid-to-high frequency band of 6GHz to 12GHz can be considered. In this case, although 6G communication primarily focuses on optimizing traditional technologies, 6G sensing will face the challenge of achieving high accuracy under relatively narrow bandwidth conditions.

[0075] Therefore, it is necessary to develop ICAS (Integrated Communication and Sensing) processes, transceiver methods, and devices to maximize the advantages of the aforementioned radar methods while meeting communication and sensing requirements.

[0076] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For ease of overall understanding of this disclosure, the same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and repeated descriptions of them are omitted. In this disclosure, the device for managing wireless devices is called a BS (Base Station), but is not limited to this term; it may also be called a cell, primary cell, secondary cell, or TRP (Transmission and Reception Point). Furthermore, for ease of explanation of the communication and sensing system proposed in this disclosure, namely the ICAS system and / or ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) system, the wireless device may be called a terminal, UE (User Equipment), target, or MS (Mobile Station), etc. It should be noted that in the following description, the term "wireless" may be omitted as its meaning is self-evident.

[0077] Figure 3 This illustration shows an operation method of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0078] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an ISAC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0079] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 4 This paper presents a conceptual framework for achieving high-precision target perception and recognition in the ICAS system by applying frequency shift keying (FSK) based backscattering, thereby minimizing user equipment battery consumption.

[0080] First, refer to Figure 4 A, shown in Figure 3 The time interval shown to Within, a conceptual framework for simultaneously perceiving and recognizing multiple targets.

[0081] Reference Figure 3 As shown in Synchronization and Access (301), in the ICAS system of this disclosure, it is desirable to simultaneously sense and identify a first target and a second target, and execute a system access process including synchronization and communication link establishment to access the ICAS system managed by TRP γ, so that TRP γ can identify the aforementioned target (301). Here, an undesirable target is assumed to be a target that is not connected or cannot connect to the ICAS system.

[0082] Furthermore, the first and second targets, as the sensing objects, can establish a connection with the ISAC system (303) even in environments with strong phase distortion by synchronizing with the TRP γ, randomly accessing the system, and completing the RRC (Radio Resource Control) configuration process. Once the connection is established, the TRP γ can identify the first and second targets.

[0083] Next, as Figure 3 As shown in the control information transmission (303) and FSK-based backscattering activation (305), TRPγ can notify the first target and the second target of common time information for respectively activating and deactivating their FSK-based backscattering functions. and (305). Upon receiving this information, each target can [do something] at a specific time point. (For example, to ensure the function switchover time) (or at a certain point in time) At that location, enable its FSK-based backscattering function, such as Figure 4 As shown in (a).

[0084] For ease of explanation, it may be assumed in this disclosure that at a certain point in time... Accurately activate FSK-based backscattering (305). By activating the VAA (Van-Atta Array) and / or FSK-based backscatterer configured in the desired target only upon receiving an FSK-based backscattering activation command, extremely high energy efficiency can be achieved from the perspective of terminal sensing performance. Here, VAA refers to an array antenna capable of returning the received signal along the incident direction. Furthermore, performing FSK backscattering on the received signal means adjusting the frequency components of the received signal according to... The offset is performed to achieve backscattering based on frequency shift keying, as explained below.

[0085] Reference Figure 3 As shown in the sensing signal transmission (307), at time point The Txradar, acting as the transmitter of the TRPγ, can send sensing signals via an antenna. (307).

[0086] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown in the reflection and backscatter signal reception (309) in the figure, when the signal is transmitted... At that time, the Rx radar can receive signals reflected from undesired targets. Simultaneously, the Rx radar can also receive the reflected signal from the first target. The first target is the desired target for simultaneous sensing and identification. Furthermore, the Rx radar can also receive signals reflected from a second target. The second objective is also the desired outcome of simultaneously perceiving and recognizing. Here, Indicates signal After TRP γ is sent, the round-trip time (RTD) experienced by the signal is reflected back from the first target. Indicates signal After the TRP γ signal is transmitted, the round-trip time (RTD) experienced is reflected back via the second target. It is important to note that the signal directly reflected from the target surface includes clutter noise components, which can significantly reduce sensing accuracy; therefore, filtering out these components is crucial.

[0087] In addition, refer to Figure 3 The reflected signal and the FSK-based backscattered signal reception (309) allow the first and second targets to perform FSK-based backscattering. In other words, as... Figure 2 As shown, it can adjust the frequency of the received signal according to... After offsetting, backscattering occurs. Here, In this context, 'b' stands for the first letter of backscattering, and 'i' can be the index representing the target. To simultaneously achieve target identification and avoid the aforementioned clutter noise, different frequency offsets can be set for each target, i.e. Accordingly, the Rx radar can receive the backscattered image from the first target via FSK-based backscattering. It can also receive backscattered signals from a second target via FSK-based backscattering. Here, Indicates signal After the TRP γ is sent, an FSK-based backscattering is performed via the first target, and the experienced time delay is returned. Indicates signal After the TRP γ is sent, an FSK-based backscattering is performed via the second target and the experienced time delay is returned. It can be represented as ,in This represents the time between the signal entering the first target receiver and the execution of FSK-based backscattering. The latency value corresponding to the hardware component in the FSK-based backscattering functional module, and the Measurements can be taken during the manufacturing process of this functional module. However, It has little impact on perception accuracy.

[0088] In addition, due to This can be a very small value; when its impact on perception accuracy is negligible, this term can be ignored, thus allowing us to approximate it as... as well as For ease of explanation, we can assume from this point onward that... and .

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown in the perception and recognition (311) section, the TRPγ can perform perception and recognition (311) on each target based on the reflected signals received from the first target and the second target, and the backscattered signals based on FSK, according to the perception process and method described below. At this time, the receiving end in the perception module of the TRPγ can perform perception processing on the received reflected signals and the backscattered signals based on FSK to estimate the propagation delay and / or motion speed of each target. Furthermore, as an example, according to the embodiments of this disclosure described below, ultra-high precision perception can be achieved from the base station side, thereby improving the accuracy of the perception information by efficiently utilizing time resources while minimizing limited spectrum resources.

[0090] At the same time, such as Figure 3 As shown in FSK-based backscattering shutdown (313), to reduce battery consumption, the first and second targets can be switched at time points. or time point Disable its FSK-based backscattering function at a certain point, for example, at a certain time point. This is closed, or to ensure the function switching time. And at the point of time The place is closed, such as Figure 4 (a) is shown in (313).

[0091] Next, refer to Figure 4 (b) The following conceptual framework is described: The first objective is within a time interval. to The internal perception and recognition, while the second target is within the time interval. to Internal perception and recognition.

[0092] First, such as Figure 3 As shown in the synchronization and access (301) section, in the ICAS system of this disclosure, it is desirable to simultaneously sense and identify a first target and a second target, and execute a system access process including synchronization and communication link establishment to access the ICAS system managed by TRP γ, so that TRP γ can identify the aforementioned target (301). Here, an undesirable target can be assumed to be a target that is not connected or cannot connect to the ICAS system.

[0093] As the primary and secondary targets of perception, even in environments with strong phase distortion, the TRP γ can establish a connection with the ISAC system through processes such as synchronization with the TRP γ, random access, and completion of RRC configuration (303). Once the connection is established, the TRP γ can identify the primary and secondary targets.

[0094] Next, as Figure 3 As shown in the control information transmission (303) and FSK-based backscattering activation (305), TRPγ can inform the first target of the timing information for respectively activating and deactivating its FSK-based backscattering function. and It also informs the second target of the timing information for turning its FSK-based backscattering function on and off, respectively. and (305). Upon receiving this information, the first target can [do something] at time [time point]. Enable its FSK-based backscattering function at a certain point, such as at time point A. This can be enabled at this location, or to ensure the timing of function switching. And at the point of time Open at the location, such as Figure 4 As shown in (b).

[0095] For ease of explanation, it may be assumed in this disclosure that at a certain point in time... FSK-based backscattering is initiated at that point. Furthermore, the second target can be activated at time point... To enable its FSK-based backscattering function, or to ensure function switching time. And at the point of time Open in advance, such as Figure 4 As shown in (b). By activating the VAA and / or FSK-based backscatterer configured in the desired target only upon receiving an FSK-based backscattering activation command, ultra-low power consumption can be achieved from the perspective of terminal sensing performance. Here, VAA refers to an array antenna capable of returning the received signal along the incident direction. Furthermore, performing FSK and backscattering on the received signal means adjusting the frequency components of the received signal according to... After offsetting, backscattering is performed, as detailed below.

[0096] Next, as Figure 3 As shown in the sensing signal transmission (307), at time point The Tx radar corresponding to the transmitter of TRP γ can transmit radar signals through the antenna. Furthermore, at the point in time... The Tx radar corresponding to the transmitter of TRP γ can also transmit radar signals via antenna. (307).

[0097] Next, as Figure 3 The reflected signal and the backscattered signal reception based on FSK (309) are shown in the figure. When transmitted, the Rx radar can receive signals reflected back from unintended targets. In addition, the Rx radar can also receive signals reflected back from the first target. The first target is the desired target for simultaneous sensing and identification. Furthermore, the Rx radar can also receive signals reflected from a second target. The second target is also the desired target for simultaneous perception and recognition (309). It should be noted that the signal directly reflected from the target surface includes clutter noise components, which can significantly reduce the perception accuracy; therefore, filtering out such components is crucial.

[0098] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown in the reflection signal and FSK-based backscattering signal reception (309), the first target and the second target can perform FSK-based backscattering (309). In other words, as Figure 4 As shown, it can adjust the frequency of the received signal according to... After offsetting, backscattering is performed. Here, because... It is only used to remove the aforementioned clutter noise, therefore it can be set to a common value that is independent of the target, i.e. Furthermore, the frequency shift value of FSK is fixed at... Furthermore, it can reduce the hardware implementation complexity associated with variable frequency shift adjustment, while also reducing calibration errors that may occur during the adjustment process.

[0099] Regarding the identification of the first or second target, since the TRP γ has assigned different backscatter times to the first and second targets, they can be distinguished by the assigned time offset. Accordingly, the Rx radar can receive the backscattered image from the first target via FSK-based backscattering. It can also receive backscattered signals from a second target via FSK-based backscattering. Here, regarding and The explanation can be omitted, as it has already been explained in the preceding text.

[0100] Next, as Figure 3As shown in the perception and recognition (311), the TRP γ can perform perception and recognition (311) on each target based on the reflected signals received from the first target and the second target and the backscattered signal based on FSK, according to the perception process and method described below. At this time, the receiving end in the perception module of the TRP γ can perform perception signal processing on the received reflected signals and the backscattered signal based on FSK to estimate the propagation delay and / or motion speed of each target. In addition, as an example, according to the embodiments of this disclosure described below, the accuracy of the perception information can be improved and extremely high-precision perception can be achieved by efficiently utilizing time resources while minimizing the occupation of limited spectrum resources.

[0101] At the same time, such as Figure 3 As shown in FSK-based backscattering shutdown (313), to reduce battery consumption, the first target can be set at time point Disable its FSK-based backscattering function at a certain point, such as at time point 1. This is closed, or to ensure the function switching time. And at the point of time The place is closed, such as Figure 4 (b) shows (313). Furthermore, the second objective can also be at a specific time point. Disable its FSK-based backscattering function at a certain point, such as at time point 1. This is closed, or to ensure the function switching time. And at the point of time The area is closed.

[0102] Figure 5 An example of a bandwidth allocation multiplexing method for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0103] For ease of explanation, we will first define the carrier and bandwidth portion (BWP). For example... Figure 5 As shown, from an implementation perspective, the carrier can be understood as a concept corresponding to the number of IFFT points that determine the bandwidth of the TRP system.

[0104] For example, in 5G NR (New Radio), the maximum number of IFFT points that can be processed in real time in OFDM transmission mode is 4096, and the maximum subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the data signal is 120 kHz, with guard bands for spectrum masking to be considered. Based on this, the maximum system bandwidth can be defined as 400 MHz. The frequency resources corresponding to this system bandwidth, in units of subcarriers, can correspond to one carrier.

[0105] Furthermore, a BWP can correspond to a set of available subcarriers within a carrier. A single BWP can be a minimum, medium, or maximum scheduled frequency resource allocated to a target. A single BWP can also be a frequency resource used when grouping multiple targets according to predetermined rules.

[0106] Figure 5 This can be illustrated by showing a scenario where B BWPs are configured within a single carrier. Furthermore, Figure 5 The vertical downward direction represents the flow of time, and a time block can correspond to the concept of a slot or frame. The horizontal direction to the right represents the flow of frequency, and a frequency block can correspond to the concept of BWP (or PRB (Physical Resource Block), etc.).

[0107] Figure 5 The first time block 501 illustrates an embodiment in which frequency division multiplexing is performed on BWP503, which constitutes an OFDM or OFDM-like communication transmission mode, and BWP505, which constitutes a sensing transmission mode for performing radar and identification. Here, the OFDM / OFDM-like communication transmission mode includes not only communication but may also include sensing functions, such as location estimation using PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) in 5G NR, and estimation of other sensing information using various RS (Reference Signals).

[0108] Furthermore, in the first time block 501, a guard band is provided on the left side 507 of BWP 0 for communication transmission mode and on the right side 509 of BWP B-1, which can correspond to the guard band of the carrier.

[0109] Furthermore, there is a reason for setting guard bands 507 and 509 on both sides of BWP b, which constitute the sensing transmission mode. One reason is that radar-based sensing may need to meet the IFD (Inband Full Duplex) condition, that is, simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency. Under the IFD condition, it is necessary to effectively suppress the self-interference (SI) signal caused by the leakage of a large transmitted signal to its own receiver, so as to be able to sense the relatively small expected received signal.

[0110] Furthermore, if all resources are devoted to sensing, a certain level of sensing can be achieved even when self-interference is only partially eliminated or exists. However, as... Figure 5 As shown, when adjacent BWPs (or PRBs) are used in communication transmission mode, and the focus is more on receiving than transmitting, the aforementioned self-interference may affect these BWPs, causing communication to fail. Therefore, a guard band is required.

[0111] Another reason is that the sensing transmission mode may use a non-OFDM waveform. In this case, since the orthogonality between OFDM subcarriers cannot be maintained at the overall carrier level, a guard band is required to prevent interference with OFDM-based communication transmission modes.

[0112] The second time block 511 illustrates an embodiment in which more frequency resources for sensing are allocated in the carrier compared to the first time block 501.

[0113] The third time block 513 illustrates an embodiment in which, similar to the first time block 501, a greater number of frequency resources for communication are allocated in the carrier.

[0114] It is important to note that BWP b is continuously used for sensing during the period from the first time block 501 to the third time block 513. This is because, typically, high-precision sensing is difficult to achieve by relying solely on the frequency resources of a single BWP when using only a single time block.

[0115] Therefore, to overcome this limitation in frequency-domain-based radar sensing methods, sensing accuracy can be improved by using more time resources. It should be noted that this is also why multiple time blocks are used consecutively even when only one BWP is allocated.

[0116] Fourth time block 515 illustrates an embodiment in which all BWPs are used for communication transmission mode without sensing. Conversely, fifth time block 517 illustrates an embodiment in which all BWPs are used for sensing transmission mode without communicating.

[0117] Finally, sixth time block 519 illustrates an embodiment in which all BWPs of a carrier are used for communication transmission modes, but one (or more) BWPs (e.g., BWP b) employs an SC (single-carrier) or SC-like transmission scheme instead of an OFDM-based transmission method. In this case, due to compromised orthogonality, guard bands 521, 523 are provided on both sides of BWP b to prevent interference.

[0118] Furthermore, if the purpose of the SC-based communication transmission mode is to enable communication even in the presence of severe time-selective phase distortion (e.g., carrier frequency offset (CFO), phase noise, etc.), then guard bands 521 and 523 need to be installed on both sides of BWP b.

[0119] Another reason for setting these guard bands 521 and 523 is to prevent interference with adjacent channels, because compared with OFDM, this type of SC wireless transmission method inherently has side lobes in the power spectral density, and these side lobes are not significantly reduced relative to the main lobe.

[0120] In summary, Figure 5 The BWP allocation multiplexing method for communication and sensing illustrated involves the target (i.e., the UE) synchronizing and accessing the ICAS system to perform either communication-only, simultaneous transmission and reception communication and sensing, or simultaneous transmission and reception communication, sensing, and identification. A detailed explanation of simultaneous sensing and identification will be provided later.

[0121] Figure 6 An example of a carrier allocation multiplexing method for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0122] Reference Figure 6 Communication and sensing are not divided within a single carrier by time or spectrum, but rather by carrier in the frequency domain. For example, the 6 GHz to 12 GHz band can be allocated as carriers for communication, while the 24 GHz, 77 GHz, 79 GHz, or 92 GHz bands can be allocated as carriers for sensing.

[0123] It should be noted that, for Figure 6 The multiplexing method for multiple communication transmission modes within a carrier used in the embodiment for communication, since it has already been implemented... Figure 5 The embodiments are described in detail here, so they will not be repeated here.

[0124] also, Figure 6 The difference between the multiplexing method embodiment shown and the prior art is that the target performs simultaneous transmission and reception communication and sensing, or simultaneous transmission and reception communication and sensing and identification, by synchronizing and accessing the ICAS system. A detailed explanation of simultaneous sensing and identification will be given later.

[0125] The following is based on Figure 3 This paper describes the process of UE1 accessing the ICAS system and sensing among multiple TRPs in the ICAS system.

[0126] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a signal flow from an ICAS system access to sensing between TRPs via TDM, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0127] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a signal flow from ICAS system access to sensing between TRPs via full / partial FDM, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0128] Figure 9 An example of ensuring Loss of Service (LoS) among multiple TRPs is shown according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0129] Figure 10 Examples of time and frequency structures of synchronization signal blocks according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0130] Figure 11 Examples of a four-step contention-based random access procedure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0131] Figure 12 Examples of a two-step contention-based random access procedure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0132] First, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 ,like Figure 3 As shown in the ICAS system access diagram, UE1 (i.e., the first target), which is expected to perform both sensing and identification simultaneously, can access the ICAS system managed by TRP1 by performing a system access process including synchronization and communication link establishment, so that TRP1 can identify UE1, as shown in 701 and 801.

[0133] Specifically, such as Figures 7 to 9 As shown, UE1 can perform SSB beam measurement on the beamformed SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) transmitted by each TRP, and the specific details are as follows.

[0134] According to one embodiment, in accordance with Figure 5 In embodiments where beamforming is employed, the SSB can be a signal that undergoes SSB beam scanning in a specific time domain and all or part of the frequency domain of a communication BWP; while following... Figure 6 In some embodiments, the signal may be an SSB beam scanned in a specific time domain and in all or part of the frequency domain of a communication carrier. Furthermore, the case where a beam-shaped SSB is carried on a sensing BWP or carrier is also included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0135] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, the aforementioned beamformed SSB can refer to: dividing the spatial domain managed by the TRP and generating beams to cover each divided area, and carrying SSBs in the aforementioned time domain or frequency domain under the formed beams.

[0136] According to one embodiment, as a result of performing SSB beam measurements, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, it can be assumed that, in order of receiving quality, SSB 15 is selected as the best SSB, SSB 7 is selected as the second best SSB, and SSB 14 is selected as the third best SSB.

[0137] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, in Figure 7 and Figure 8In this embodiment, to enable UE1 to identify a TRP simply by selecting an SSB, TRP 1 can be scanned using SSB IDs starting from 0 with a step size of 3, TRP 2 can be scanned using SSB IDs starting from 1 with a step size of 3, and TRP 3 can be scanned using SSB IDs starting from 2 with a step size of 3. In other words, it can be considered that different SSB IDs are applied to different TRPs. Furthermore, one embodiment of this disclosure may also include a case where the entire set of SSB IDs is shared and applied among all TRPs.

[0138] For example, the time and frequency structure of SSB specified in 5G NR can be as follows: Figure 10 The following explanation is provided. Specifically, the SSB consists of four OFDM symbols, which can be composed of the PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), the SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), and the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). The time-domain signal of the PSS can be used to estimate time and frequency synchronization and part of PCI (Physical Cell ID).

[0139] After using PSS to complete time and frequency synchronization, UE1 can... Figure 10 The symbols corresponding to the SSS shown are converted from the starting position after removing the CP (cyclic prefix) to the frequency domain, thus estimating the complete PCI. In other words, the SSS can be used for PCI estimation. After completing the PCI estimation, the MIB can be recovered by parsing the PBCH, thereby obtaining the scheduling position of SIB1 (System Information Block 1) indicated by the above SSB and the beam ID (collectively referred to as SSB ID).

[0140] In other words, an SSB can be a pre-defined time-frequency resource block used to obtain time / frequency synchronization, PCI, beam ID, or SIB1 scheduling information.

[0141] Subsequently, time or frequency synchronization can be performed with the optimal SSB to obtain the PCI and system-related information, including beam ID or SIB1 scheduling information. UE1 can identify its selected optimal SSB as SSB 15 through this PBCH. Afterwards, system-related information, including SIBy (y=2, 3, …), can be obtained from the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) channel carried on the SIB1 scheduling resource indicated by the PBCH and subsequent consecutive PDSCH channels.

[0142] Subsequently, based on the RO (Random Access Channel Occasion) location information indicated by the SSB, i.e., the uplink time / frequency resource location information used for random access, execution can be performed at the RO location indicated by the SSB. Figure 11 The 4-step CBRA (Contention Based Random Access) access process described herein is as follows:

[0143] In step 1, UE1 can randomly select one preamble from all the preambles provided by TRP and transmit the selected preamble to TRP via PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel). At this time, the beam direction can adopt the uplink reciprocal beam direction corresponding to the downlink received signal (e.g., SSB). Furthermore, the resources used to transmit the preamble depend on the pre-acquired association between SSB and RACH resources (i.e., RO), and TRP can estimate the propagation delay of UE1 based on this preamble.

[0144] In step 2, the TRP can determine whether a preamble exists in the signal received via PRACH. This preamble is randomly selected and transmitted by UE1; therefore, detecting the preamble alone cannot determine which UE transmitted it, nor can it determine how many UEs used it. In step 2, the TRP can send a RAR (Random Access Response) to UE1 via PDSCH based on the detected preamble index. This RAR may include the preamble index, the TA (Timing Advance) value, uplink grant information, and the temporary C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier) ​​value.

[0145] In step 3, UE1 can utilize the uplink radio resources indicated by the uplink grant information included in the RAR and apply the aforementioned temporary C-RNTI to send a connection request message (or scheduling request message) and a terminal-specific identifier (ID) to the TRP via PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). At this time, if multiple UEs send the same preamble in step 1 (i.e., a preamble conflict occurs), all UEs sending the same preamble will refer to the same RAR and use the same radio resources to send messages, potentially leading to a conflict.

[0146] In other words, a resource conflict will occur when a UE that sends the same preamble in step 1 sends a message in step 3. As part of the process of determining whether a conflict has occurred or whether the message in step 3 has been successfully decoded, each UE can start a conflict resolution timer when sending the message in step 3.

[0147] In step 4, the TRP decodes the received message from step 3 and can send an acknowledgment message for successfully decoded messages via PDSCH. A terminal that receives an acknowledgment message before the conflict resolution timer started in step 3 expires can be considered to have successfully completed random access. This terminal can use the temporary C-RNTI as its C-RNTI and continue to use it in subsequent system connection states. Conversely, if UE1 does not receive any acknowledgment message before the conflict resolution timer expires, it is determined that the message it sent in step 3 was not successfully decoded due to conflicts or other reasons, and it can retry the random access process after performing a backoff. The TRP can set a maximum number of random access attempts to prevent random access channel congestion. If the UE still fails to complete random access within the maximum number of attempts, the UE can abandon the current random access and restart from downlink synchronization.

[0148] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, in order to shorten the random access time, the following can be adopted: Figure 12 The 2-step CBRA-based access procedure is shown below, replacing the 4-step CBRA.

[0149] In step 1, a preamble can be randomly selected from all available preambles and transmitted via PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel). Simultaneously, the terminal can also send a connection request message to the TRP via pre-allocated uplink radio resources (i.e., the uplink shared channel).

[0150] In step 2, the TRP determines whether it detected the preamble sent in step 1 and whether it successfully decoded the received message. Based on the determination, it can send different types of messages to UE1, triggering different subsequent procedures. Specifically, if the TRP does not detect the preamble, it may not perform any operation, i.e., it will not detect messages in the uplink radio resources associated with the preamble. Therefore, the TRP does not provide any response in the case of no preamble detection. Accordingly, UE1 will retry random access because it has not received a message from the TRP; this situation is called Case 1. If the TRP successfully detects the preamble and decodes the message from the corresponding uplink radio resource, it can send a message including successful RAR and C-RNTI to UE1 via PDSCH. This message serves as an acknowledgment, and UE1 can successfully complete random access upon receiving it; this situation is called Case 2. If the TRP successfully detects the preamble but fails to decode the message from the corresponding uplink radio resource, it can send a message including fallback RAR to UE1 via PDSCH. In this case, after receiving the message, UE1 can retransmit the target message using the uplink radio resources indicated by the uplink grant information included in the rollback RAR.

[0151] TRP1 initiates an RRC establishment request to UE1. Once UE1 receives the request and completes the RRC configuration with TRP1, the system connection process is complete. UE1 then enters the RRC connection state and can communicate through TRP1. In the aforementioned communication link, TRP1 can instruct UE1 on DL (Downlink), UL (Uplink), or a combined TCI (Transmission Control Indicator) to specify the transmission configuration and scheduling resource locations for data transmission and reception. Furthermore, based on the DCI (Downlink Control Indicator) and UCI (Uplink Control Indicator) transmitted on the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), beamforming data can be transmitted in both downlink and uplink.

[0152] Furthermore, during communication in the aforementioned RRC connection state, UE1 can primarily report adjacent beam measurement results based on SSBs to TRP1 via the PDSCH and PUSCH channels, based on RRC signaling. At this time, UE1 reports to TRP1 that SSB 7 belonging to TRP2 is the second-best SSB, and SSB 14 belonging to TRP3 is the third-best SSB. Through this reporting, TRP1 can identify that the link quality between UE1 and TRP2 and TRP3 is sufficient to support the configuration of additional links.

[0153] Next, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 TRP1 can send control information to UE1 through all possible control channels to prepare UE1 for sensing and identification. This control information may include FSK-based backscatter enable / disable time information, FSK information, and start / center frequency information, as shown in 703 and 803. Its detailed assumptions and specific contents are as follows.

[0154] In the following, it is assumed that there are multiple TRPs, such as TRP 1, TRP 2, or TRP 3, and that TRP 1 (or TRP 2, TRP 3) sends control information about each TRP to UE1. However, the case where control information about only a single TRP (i.e., TRP 1) is sent to UE1 may also be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0155] First, this disclosure may include information regarding FSK-based backscattering enable / disable timing. Following... Figure 7 In the TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) process based on TRP shown, for TRP 1, the start time can be sent to UE1. and closing time For TRP 2, the start time can be sent to UE1. and closing time For TRP 3, the start time can be sent to UE1. and closing time On the other hand, in accordance with Figure 8 During the TRP-based full frequency division multiplexing / partial frequency division multiplexing process shown, the common enable time of TRP 1, TRP 2, and TRP 3 can be sent to UE1. and closing time .

[0156] Next, this disclosure may include information about FSK. For example... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the frequency shift value that UE1 should use when performing FSK-based backscattering can be determined. Send to UE1. Regarding... The explanation can be found above. Figure 4 The detailed explanation section.

[0157] Next, we can... Figure 8 The start / center frequency shown The information is explained below. The start / center frequency refers to the start or center frequency of the RF bandwidth used by the transmitting device performing sensing and identification when transmitting signals. (Following...) Figure 8When performing the TRP-based full-frequency division multiplexing / partial-frequency division multiplexing process as shown, TRP 1 can be... TRP 2 And TRP 3 Send to UE1. Here, The value varies depending on whether it is full frequency division multiplexing or partial frequency division multiplexing.

[0158] In the case of full-frequency division multiplexing, there is no overlap (or mutual interference) between the bandwidths used for sensing and identification by each TRP. In this case, it can be... Set to make adjacent The difference between them is equal to or greater than the bandwidth.

[0159] On the other hand, in the case of partial frequency division multiplexing, in order to improve the spectral efficiency of the system, partial overlap (or mutual interference) of the bandwidths used by each TRP for sensing and identification can be allowed. In this case, it can be... Set to make adjacent The difference between them corresponds to a value that is less than that bandwidth.

[0160] Next, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The perception and recognition process can be performed as shown in 705 and 805.

[0161] First, before performing the FSK-based backscatter enabling, sensing and recognition, and backscatter disabling process with TRP 1, UE1 can... Figure 5 The perception shown is achieved using BWP or Figure 6 On the sensing carrier shown, an SSB beam scan is performed with TRP 1 in the same or similar manner as described above. By performing an SSB beam scan with TRP1, the optimal SSB can be reselected, thereby increasing the probability of maintaining line-of-sight (LoS) between TRP 1 and UE1 and refining time and frequency synchronization. Furthermore, all operations that contribute to sensing and identification can be performed when necessary.

[0162] Next, UE1 can be at the time point , place, or point in time To ensure the function switchover time This enables backscattering functionality based on FSK.

[0163] Next, as Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown in the sensor signal transmission, at time point The transmitter corresponding to the TRP 1 transmitting unit (e.g., a Tx radar) can transmit via an antenna called... The perceived signal.

[0164] Next, as Figure 3 and Figure 7 The reflection and FSK-based backscatter signal reception are shown in the figure. When transmitting... At that time, the receiver corresponding to the TRP 1 receiving unit (e.g., Rx radar) can receive the signal reflected back from UE1. And signals reflected back from other types of objects. Indicates from The round-trip time (RTD) from the time TRP1 is transmitted to its return after being reflected by UE1. It should be noted that signals directly reflected from the surface of an object usually include clutter components, which can significantly reduce sensing accuracy. Therefore, suppressing such components is very important.

[0165] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown in the reflection and FSK-based backscattering signal reception diagram, since UE1 performs FSK-based backscattering, it can apply a frequency shift value to the incident signal. Backscattering is performed. Therefore, the receiver of TRP 1 can receive the FSK-based backscattered signal from UE1. .

[0166] Next, as Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown in the perception and recognition section, TRP 1 can utilize the FSK-based backscattered and reflected signals from UE1, combined with reflected signals from other objects, to perform perception and recognition on UE1 according to the perception process and methods described later. Furthermore, as... Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown in the FSK-based backscattering shutdown example, to reduce battery consumption, UE1 can disable backscattering at a specific time point. The function of backscattering based on FSK is disabled at a certain point in time, or at a certain time to ensure the function switching time. The area is closed.

[0167] Next, as Figure 7 As shown, the sensing and recognition processes between UE1 and TRP 2, and between UE1 and TRP 3, are the same as those between UE1 and TRP 1, except for the difference in the enable / disable time of the backscatter function based on FSK. Therefore, they will not be described again.

[0168] exist Figure 7In the TDM-based operation scenario shown, during the sensing and recognition process, the SSB beam scanning and time-frequency fine synchronization processes are not performed separately for each TRP using TDM. Instead, the above processes are first performed uniformly for TRP 1, TRP 2, and TRP 3, and then... Figure 7 The subsequent process will then be executed as shown. Furthermore, in Figure 7 The situation where processes such as SSB beam scanning and fine time-frequency synchronization are not performed during the sensing and recognition process shown can also be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0169] exist Figure 8 In the operation scenario shown, based on full frequency division multiplexing / partial frequency division multiplexing, UE1 can perform the following procedures for each TRP.

[0170] First, before performing the FSK-based backscatter enabling, sensing and recognition, and backscatter disabling processes for each TRP, UE1 can follow... Figure 7 The embodiments described herein perform the same SSB beam scanning and time-frequency fine synchronization processes on each TRP using TDM. Detailed explanations of these processes are not repeated here.

[0171] Next, UE1 can be at the time point Enable FSK-based backscattering functionality, or to ensure timely function switching. And at the point of time The facility was opened ahead of schedule.

[0172] Next, as Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown in the sensor signal transmission, at time point The transmitter corresponding to each TRP transmitting unit can transmit via an antenna, which is called... The sensed signal, and based on the start / center frequency corresponding to each TRP. Adjustments will be made.

[0173] Next, as Figure 8 As shown in the reflection and FSK-based backscatter signal reception diagram, the receiver of TRP 1 can receive the signal reflected back from UE1 by TRP 1. TRP 2 signal And the signal of TRP 3 And signals reflected from other types of objects. Indicates from The time delay from when TRP 2 sends the signal until it reaches TRP 1 after being reflected by UE1. Indicates from The time delay from when TRP 3 is sent until it reaches TRP 1 after being reflected by UE1.

[0174] Furthermore, the receiver of TRP 1 can receive the FSK-based backscattered signal from UE1. It can also receive signals from UE1 and arrive at TRP 1 via TRP 2. It can also receive signals from UE1 and arrive at TRP 1 from TRP 3. .

[0175] Next, as Figure 8 As shown in the perception and recognition section, each TRP in TRP 1, TRP 2, and TRP 3 can utilize the reflected signal from UE1 and the FSK-based backscattered signal to perform perception and recognition on UE1 according to the perception process and method described later. Furthermore, as... Figure 8 As shown in the FSK-based backscattering shutdown example, in order to reduce battery consumption, UE1 can disable backscattering at a specific time point. Location, or point in time To ensure timely function switching, disable its FSK-based backscattering function.

[0176] exist Figure 8 The situation where SSB beam scanning and fine time-frequency synchronization are not performed during the sensing and identification process, as shown in the full-frequency division multiplexing / partial-frequency division multiplexing operation, can also be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0177] The following, under the ICAS system, refers to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The implementation of the transceiver block diagram of the first TRP in the analog and digital domains is described.

[0178] Figure 13 A block diagram of a first transceiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0179] Figure 14 An example of a transmit / receive signal waveform is shown in a first transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0180] Figure 15 Another example of transmit / receive signal waveforms is shown in a first transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0181] Reference Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 The sensed signal can be generated in an analog manner in either the IF domain or the RF domain. This embodiment will use the generation of the signal in the IF domain as an example for illustration.

[0182] The transceiver block diagram disclosed herein is as follows: Figure 13As shown, the modules based on signal flow are described below. First, the sensing signal can be generated in the analog IF generation module of the transmitter. The real and imaginary parts of the generated signal can be output as an RF signal through the analog RF generation module. The output signal is transmitted through the antenna after passing through the PA (Power Amplifier). Correspondingly, on the receiver side, the signal input through the antenna can pass through the LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) ​​module. The processed signal is mixed with the real part signal generated in the analog RF generation module of the transmitter, and after passing through the LPF and ADC, a real part signal is generated in the digital IF domain. The generated signal can be fed into the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) in the IF domain. In addition, the signal from the LNA can also be mixed with the imaginary part signal generated in the analog RF generation module of the transmitter, and after passing through the LPF and ADC, an imaginary part signal is generated in the digital IF domain and fed into the DSP in the IF domain. The real and imaginary part signals (i.e., complex signals) in the digital IF domain can be digitally processed in the DSP to perform the sensing and recognition described later.

[0183] The input and output signals of the above modules can be mathematically modeled as follows.

[0184] First, simulate a sensing signal output by the IF generation module. and its actual signal and imaginary part signal They can be represented as equation (3), equation (4) and equation (5) respectively.

[0185] 【Formula (3)】

[0186]

[0187] 【Formula (4)】

[0188]

[0189] 【Formula (5)】

[0190]

[0191] like Figure 14 As shown, in equation (3), Indicates the starting frequency of the up-sweep. This indicates the period of the sweep signal. This indicates the bandwidth of the sweep signal. This represents the phase distortion generated at the output of the analog IF generation module, t represents time in the analog concept, and I and Q represent the real part (In-phase) and the imaginary part (Quadrature-phase), respectively.

[0192] As in equation (3) and Figure 14As shown, the sensing signal can be an up-sweep frequency type analog signal. For ease of explanation, Figure 14 To sense the imaginary part of the signal As an example, to improve the accuracy of sensing (or ranging), this disclosure allows the frequency sweep signal to be repeatedly generated. In addition to the single sensing signal mentioned above, other methods can also be used, such as... Figure 15 The analog signal shown is of the down-up sweep frequency type and is used as the sensing signal. Alternatively, it can be... Figure 15 The analog signal of the up-and-down frequency type with the down-scan frequency and the up-scan frequency reversed in order is used as the sensing signal, and all signal forms that can improve sensing accuracy can be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0193] Next, the signal after passing through the simulated RF generation module It can be expressed as equation (6).

[0194] 【Formula (6)】

[0195]

[0196] in, express The conjugate complex signal, To make a given carrier frequency The frequency of its establishment can be expressed as . This indicates the phase distortion generated after passing through the simulated RF generation module and combiner.

[0197] Next, the signal after passing through the power amplifier (PA) It can be expressed as equation (7).

[0198] 【Formula (7)】

[0199]

[0200] in, This indicates the phase distortion produced after passing through PA.

[0201] Next, The RF signal from UE i (or target) input from the receiving antenna can be expressed as Equation (8).

[0202] 【Equation (8)】

[0203]

[0204] in, This indicates the received signal strength of UE i. This represents the round-trip time (RTD) of the signal reflected or backscattered from UE i. It can be represented as ,in, This represents the distance between the transmitter and UE i (or the target). It represents the speed of light.

[0205] Next, The RF signal after passing through a low-noise amplifier (LNA) can be expressed as Equation (9).

[0206] 【Formula (9)】

[0207]

[0208] in, This indicates the phase distortion produced after passing through an LNA.

[0209] Next, and Let represent the real part and the imaginary part of the signal output by the RF generation module, respectively, which can be expressed as Equation (10) and Equation (11).

[0210] 【Formula (10)】

[0211]

[0212] 【Formula (11)】

[0213]

[0214] Next, express and The output signal after mixing can be expressed as equation (12).

[0215] 【Equation (12)】

[0216]

[0217] Next, express and The output signal after mixing can be expressed as equation (13). It should be noted that, in this case, it is also possible to use... replace .

[0218] 【Formula (13)】

[0219]

[0220] Next, as Figure 14 As shown, the real part of the signal after LPF and imaginary part signal They can be expressed as equation (14) and equation (15) respectively.

[0221] 【Formula (14)】

[0222]

[0223] 【Formula (15)】

[0224]

[0225] in, This indicates the phase distortion that UE i produces after passing through the LPF.

[0226] Finally, in the digital IF field after ADC processing, the real part... and the virtual part Complex signals It can be represented as follows:

[0227] Equation (16)

[0228]

[0229] In equation (16) It can be used as an input signal for sensing and recognition in DSP modules.

[0230] The following, under the ICAS system, is based on Figure 7 and Figure 8 The transceiver structure block diagrams of the second TRP in the analog and digital domains are described.

[0231] Figure 16 An example block diagram of a second transceiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0232] Figure 17 An example of a transmit / receive signal waveform is shown in a second transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0233] Figure 18 Another example of a different transmit / receive signal waveform is shown in a second transceiver block diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the IFFT input mapping of a digital baseband frequency domain sensing signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0235] Reference Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 19Sensing signals can be generated in the digital baseband (BB) domain. The advantage of generating sensing signals in the digital BB domain is that it can utilize the existing transceiver architecture and the operation methods between modules / components used in most standards, which are between the analog BB domain, digital / analog IF domain, and analog RF domain.

[0236] Furthermore, when generating sensing signals in the digital BB domain, such as Figure 5 As described in the basic concepts, it also has the advantage of improving system efficiency by multiplexing with SC (single-carrier) based transmission modes and OFDM based transmission modes. For example, in Figure 5 In the first time block, when using SC-based sensing signals in the digital BB domain, they can be multiplexed as follows:

[0237] First, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal (corresponding to) Figure 5 In the example, guard bands are configured on both sides of the BWP (Browser Window), allowing the generation of sensing signals in the time domain without affecting other BWPs. Furthermore, in other BWPs, the BWPs occupied by the aforementioned SC-based sensing signals can be nulled in the frequency domain, and OFDM-based communication signals can be allocated in the remaining available frequency domain. Then, an IFFT is performed across the entire carrier range to generate time-domain signals. Subsequently, the sensing signals and communication signals generated in the time domain can be time-domain superimposed and transmitted and received through analog BB domain, digital / analog IF domain, and analog RF domain.

[0238] For example, in Figure 5 In the first time block, when using OFDM-based sensing signals in the digital BB domain, the signals can be multiplexed as follows:

[0239] First, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal (corresponding to) Figure 5 In the example, guard bands are configured on both sides of the BWP to prevent interference with other BWPs in the frequency domain. Furthermore, in other BWPs, OFDM-based communication signals can be allocated in the available frequency domain, and then IFFT is performed across the entire carrier range to generate time-domain signals. These signals can then be transmitted and received in other BWPs via the analog BB domain, digital / analog IF domain, and analog RF domain. Therefore, when using an OFDM scheme instead of an SC-based scheme to generate sensing signals in the digital BB domain for efficient sensing and identification, processing complexity can be reduced during the multiplexing of communication signals and sensing / identification processes, while simultaneously improving system operating efficiency.

[0240] The transceiver structure block diagram disclosed herein is as follows: Figure 16 As shown, its signal flow-based module is described below:

[0241] First, the sensing signal is generated in the digital BB generation module at the transmitting end. The real and imaginary parts of the generated signal are then input to the analog RF generation module after passing through the analog BB generation module, thereby outputting an RF signal. The output signal is then amplified by a power amplifier (PA) and transmitted via an antenna. Correspondingly, at the receiving end, the signal received by the antenna passes through a low-noise amplifier (LNA) module. The processed signal is mixed with the real part signal generated in the analog RF generation module at the transmitting end, and after passing through an LPF and ADC, a real part signal is generated in the digital BB domain. This signal can be fed into the BB domain DSP. Furthermore, the signal from the LNA can also be mixed with the imaginary part signal generated in the analog RF generation module at the transmitting end, and after passing through an LPF and ADC, an imaginary part signal is generated in the digital BB domain. The generated signal can then be fed into the BB domain DSP after passing through a cross correlator. The real and imaginary parts of the signal in the digital BB domain (i.e., complex signals) can be digitally processed in the DSP to perform the sensing and recognition described below.

[0242] The input and output signals of the above modules can be mathematically modeled as follows. First, a sensing signal output by the digital BB generation module. and its actual signal and imaginary part signal It can be expressed as equation (17).

[0243] 【Formula (17)】

[0244]

[0245] in, This represents the digital sampling time index when the signal is sampled in the time domain. This can be represented by the aforementioned frequency sweep period. The corresponding maximum sampling time index value. When When it is an OFDM-based signal, It can also represent the number of IFFT points used when converting a frequency-domain sensed signal (or communication signal) to the time domain.

[0246] When based on SC in the digital BB domain When defining it, it can be an up-sweep or down-sweep signal, for example, it can be represented by equation (18). Furthermore, up-down sweep, down-up sweep, or other possible combinations of sweep frequencies can also be used as... Candidates.

[0247] 【Formula (18)】

[0248]

[0249] in, Indicates the sampling period. Indicates the frequency sweep period , It represents any fixed phase.

[0250] Furthermore, when using OFDM in the digital BB domain... When defining it, the frequency domain C signal shown in equation (19) can be used as an example.

[0251] 【Formula (19)】

[0252]

[0253] Among them, parameters , and Essentially any real value, and all other possible values ​​can be included within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, in equation (19)... Whether it becomes a frequency sweep signal as shown in equation (18) depends on the set parameter values.

[0254] Specifically, when When the number is even, it can be set in equation (18) , as well as When set in equation (19) ), as well as At that time, it can be equivalent to achieving Replace with ,Will Replace with The frequency sweep signal.

[0255] In addition, when When the number is odd, it can be set in equation (18) , as well as When set in equation (19) (or ), as well as At that time, it can be equivalent to achieving Replace with ,Will Replace with The frequency sweep signal.

[0256] Assuming equation (19) The time-domain signal consists only of the frequency-domain signal. The converted value is then mapped to the IFFT input. like Figure 19 As shown, where Indicates the number of points in the IFFT. When for example... Figure 19 When the mapped signal is subjected to IFFT, a sensing signal can be generated in the digital BB time domain.

[0257] Furthermore, when such Figure 5 As shown in the first time block, the time allocated to the sensing BWP and the communication BWP will be... When multiplexing on a single carrier, such as Figure 19 As shown, the center subcarrier (DC subcarrier) of the carrier is mapped to... The IFFT input is mapped and then an IFFT is performed to generate a time-domain signal. In this case, the sensed signal in the time domain may overlap with the communication signal in the time domain.

[0258] Furthermore, when generating sensing signals based on OFDM in the digital BB domain, various possible combinations of SC-based up-scan, down-scan, down-up-scan, up-down-scan, or other possible combinations can be used to generate signals in the time domain. These signals can then be used directly as OFDM-based frequency domain sensing signals, or converted to frequency domain signals and used as OFDM-based frequency domain sensing signals. In this case, the time-domain signals must be designed so that they do not affect resources other than those allocated for sensing in the frequency domain. The scope of this disclosure includes all time-domain signals and their corresponding frequency-domain signals that satisfy the above design conditions.

[0259] Furthermore, when generating sensing signals based on OFDM in the digital BB domain, a cyclic prefix (CP) is typically added according to the communication standard protocol in OFDM transmission mode. However, for the sake of focusing on the sensing signals, the addition of the CP can be omitted.

[0260] Next, The output signal of the analog BB generation module can be represented as follows:

[0261] 【Formula (20)】

[0262]

[0263] 【Equation (21)】

[0264]

[0265] 【Equation (22)】

[0266]

[0267] in, This indicates the phase distortion generated after passing through the simulated BB generation module. For example... Figure 16 As shown, and They represent The real part of the analog BB signal and the imaginary part of the analog BB signal. According to equations (20), (21), and (22) and Figure 17 The sensing signal generated in the digital domain and converted to the analog BB domain can be an up-sweep frequency type analog signal. For ease of explanation, Figure 17 To sense the imaginary part of the signal This is illustrated as an example.

[0268] To improve the accuracy of sensing (or ranging), this disclosure allows the frequency sweep signal to be repeatedly generated. Next. It should be noted that, in addition to the single sensing signal mentioned above, other methods can also be used, such as... Figure 18 The signal generated in the digital domain and converted to the analog BB domain is shown as a down-sweep frequency type signal used as a sensing signal. Alternatively, a signal can be generated using... Figure 18 The up-and-down frequency type signal with the down-scan frequency and the up-scan frequency reversed in order is used as the sensing signal, and all signal forms that can improve sensing accuracy can be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0269] Next, the signal after passing through the RF generation module It can be expressed as equation (23):

[0270] 【Formula (23)】

[0271]

[0272] 【Formula (24)】

[0273]

[0274] in, This indicates the phase distortion produced after passing through a power amplifier (PA).

[0275] Next, The RF signal received from UE i (or target) by the receiving antenna can be expressed as equation (25):

[0276] 【Equation (25)】

[0277]

[0278] in, This indicates the amplitude of the received signal of UE i. The round-trip time (RTD) of the backscattered signal from UE i can be expressed as: .

[0279] Next, The RF signal after passing through a low-noise amplifier (LNA) can be expressed as equation (26):

[0280] 【Formula (26)】

[0281]

[0282] in, This indicates the phase distortion produced after passing through an LNA.

[0283] Next, express With the real part signal output from the RF generation module The output signal after mixing can be expressed as equation (27).

[0284] 【Equation (27)】

[0285]

[0286] Next, express With the imaginary part signal output from the RF generation module The output signal after mixing can be expressed as equation (28):

[0287] 【Formula (28)】

[0288]

[0289] Next, the real signal after LPF and imaginary part signal And after passing through the ADC, the real part in the digital BB domain and the virtual part Complex signals It can be expressed as equation (29):

[0290] 【Equation (29)】

[0291]

[0292] Next, The processed signal obtained after cross-correlation It can be expressed as equation (30):

[0293] 【Formula (30)】

[0294]

[0295] at last, It will be fed into the DSP to perform the perception and recognition process.

[0296] in, For transmitting digital BB domain sensing signals The conjugate complex signal of can be expressed as In equation (30) This can be regarded as a Compared to The purpose of performing cross-correlation operations on the signal is to conceptually connect it with... Figure 13 The first transceiver block diagram shown ultimately receives the input signal used by the DSP module for sensing and identification. Their physical properties are conceptually equivalent.

[0297] In embodiments of this disclosure, cross-correlation as shown in equation (30) is used as an example of achieving the above-mentioned conceptual equivalence. However, the signal obtained by differential correlation as shown in equation (31) can also be used as... Furthermore, all other possible signal processing methods may be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0298] 【Equation (31)】

[0299]

[0300] Subsequently, under the ICAS system, based on Figure 7 and Figure 8 This disclosure can be applied to signals in equations (16), (30), or (31) flowing into a DSP module. The perception and recognition estimation algorithm is given in the following process.

[0301] Figure 20 An upscan frequency-based perception and recognition algorithm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The algorithm shown is applicable to Figure 14 or Figure 17 For ease of explanation, the following will be referred to as Figure 17 This example is used for illustration, but it is not limited to this.

[0302] Reference Figure 20 UE i can enable backscattering based on FSK (2001).

[0303] TRP can be repeatedly sent to UE i Secondary upsweep frequency sensing signal (2003).

[0304] Next, the TRP can receive data from the UE. Reflected and FSK-based backscattered signals Alternatively, it can receive signals reflected by multiple UEs (UE i=0, 1, 2, ...) and backscattered based on FSK. As shown in equations (16), (30), or (31) (2005). The signal reflected or returned based on FSK backscattering will be denoted as... This notation is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a limitation.

[0305] Next, TRP can perform frequency domain transformation as follows (2007). Specifically, TRP can perform frequency domain transformation by... each Extract Q samples from the end of each sample, and repeat the process. Next, thus generating One sample. Then, the generated... Execute on a sample Point FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to obtain One frequency domain sample.

[0306] in, Each sample corresponds to Figure 17 In For each The top samples One sample (corresponding to) ), because of its Figure 17 The values ​​shown below are discontinuous and therefore not extracted. Furthermore, this disclosure uniformly uses FFT or IFFT because they have lower implementation complexity compared to DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) or IDFT (Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform). When the number of points in FFT or IFFT cannot be set to a power of 2, DFT or IDFT can be used instead of FFT or IFFT.

[0307] Next, TRP can perform clutter suppression, removal, and identification as follows (2009). First, TRP can perform clutter suppression, removal, and identification on known intervals. The sample location (e.g., sample 0, sample 1) ,sample The signals on (etc.) are zeroed out. Then, the TRP can detect the offset from each zeroed sample position. Location (corresponding to) Whether the signal strength at the sample location is a valid signal exceeding a predetermined threshold.

[0308] If the signal is an effective frequency component exceeding a predetermined threshold, and it is possible to calculate from this... Then TRP can determine the offset at each zero-sample position. The signal at that location is the backscattered signal from UE i. Next, the TRP can direct the identified sample towards ( The sensor moves in the specified direction to the corresponding zeroed sample position. It should be noted that sensing can still be performed even without this movement operation; this will be further explained in the subsequent description of the sensing process.

[0309] Finally, by zeroing all sample values ​​except for the zeroed and shifted samples, the frequency domain can be generated. A sample. When such Figure 4 (a) shows that when simultaneously sensing and identifying multiple targets (UEs), the TRP can use multiple different targets exceeding a predetermined threshold. Multiple targets are identified by sampling locations. This is because, in this case, the FSK-based backscattering on / off times are not the same for each UE.

[0310] Furthermore, when such Figure 4 (b) shows that when each UE indicates different FSK-based backscattering on / off times, since the indicated time itself can serve as UE identification information, it is possible to detect whether there is a significant difference at the corresponding time. (Right now, Figure 4 (b) (This is used to identify the corresponding UE.)

[0311] For example, at this moment, it can be assumed that UE i has disabled the FSK-based backscatter function according to the TRP's instruction (2011). However, this is only an example, and the FSK-based backscatter disabling can also occur during or after the aforementioned frequency domain transformation process, time-gating process, sensing process.

[0312] For example, TRP can perform time-gated processing (2013). First, for the generated above... Execute on a sample Pointed IFFT to generate time domain One sample. Then, only the generated samples are retained. The first Q samples from the sample are selected, and the values ​​of the remaining samples are set to zero, thus obtaining the time domain. One sample.

[0313] Finally, TRP can perform perception processing as follows (2015). First, TRP can process the generated... Execute one time-domain sample Point FFT to generate Each frequency domain sample. Next, TRP can be generated using... The sample with the strongest signal strength is selected from the samples to estimate. .

[0314] Among them, the sample location with the maximum value corresponds to a specific frequency value, and the frequency value corresponding to the sample location can be used as sensing information (or ranging information, velocity information or other sensing information). .

[0315] For example, it can be based on the determined To estimate Figure 17 The distance between TRP and target (UE) i is shown. Here, for example, because ,and Since the parameters are known, they can be estimated. .

[0316] In the above clutter suppression and identification process, when the aforementioned movement operation is not performed, the corresponding frequency value will be f_(r, i) + f_(b, i), instead of Therefore, the value indicated by the TRP can be subtracted from the estimated f_(r,i) + f_(b,i). Thus obtain And based on this, estimate Furthermore, this sensing process in the case of no movement operation can also be applied to... Figure 21 and Figure 22 The aforementioned sensing and recognition algorithm based on bottom-up frequency scanning.

[0317] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flowchart of the sensing and recognition algorithm based on upsweeping frequency, the aforementioned frequency domain transformation process (2007), clutter suppression and recognition process (2009), time gating process (2013), and sensing process (2015) can be repeatedly executed for each UE i (i=0, 1, ...) to complete the sensing and recognition between TRP and UE i.

[0318] Figure 21 This illustrates a first sensing and recognition algorithm based on down-up frequency scanning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 21 The algorithm shown is applicable to Figure 15 or Figure 18 For ease of explanation, the following will be referred to as Figure 18 This example is used for illustration, but it is not limited to this.

[0319] Reference Figure 21 UE i can enable backscattering based on FSK (2101).

[0320] TRP can be repeatedly sent to UE i The next frequency sweep sensing signal (2103).

[0321] Next, the TRP can perform the frequency domain transformation process as follows (2105). First, as... Figure 18 As shown in the lower part, from In this process, the last G samples are extracted from the first half of every N samples, and phase inversion is performed on the extracted samples. According to one embodiment, phase inversion may not be performed on the extracted samples.

[0322] Next, repeat the above process. Next, thus generating One sample that has been extracted and phase-reversed. Then, the generated... Execute on a sample Point FFT to obtain A number of frequency domain samples are designated as sample group A.

[0323] At the same time, such as Figure 18 As shown in the lower part, from In this process, the last G samples are extracted from the latter half of every N samples. This extraction process is then repeated. Next, thus generating The extracted samples. Then, the generated... Execute on a sample Point FFT to obtain A number of frequency domain samples are designated as the B-sample group.

[0324] Next, TRP can perform clutter suppression and identification processes (2107). First, for sample group A, the following processing is performed. First, for samples with known intervals... The sample location (e.g., sample 0, sample 1) ,sample The signals on (etc.) are zeroed out. Then, the offset of each zeroed sample position is detected. Location (corresponding to) The test involves determining whether the signal strength at the sample location is an effective frequency component exceeding a predetermined threshold. If the value satisfies the condition and can be calculated from this, the test is performed. Then TRP can determine the offset at each zero-sample position. The signal at that location is an FSK-based backscattered signal from UE i. Next, the identified samples are processed ( The sample is moved in the direction of zeroing to the corresponding zeroed sample position. Finally, by zeroing all sample values ​​except for the zeroed and moved samples, a new sample is generated. One frequency domain sample.

[0325] Meanwhile, for sample group B, similar processing is performed as for sample group A. First, for samples with known intervals... The sample location (e.g., sample 0, sample 1) ,sample The signals on (etc.) are zeroed out. Then, the offset of each zeroed sample position is detected. Location (corresponding to) The test involves determining whether the signal strength at the sample location is an effective frequency component exceeding a predetermined threshold. If the value satisfies the condition and can be calculated from this, the test is performed. Then TRP can determine the offset at each zero-sample position. The signal at that location is an FSK-based backscattered signal from UE i. Next, the identified samples are processed ( Movement in the direction of ( ). It should be noted that perception can still be performed even without this movement operation; this will be further explained in the subsequent description of the perception process. Finally, by zeroing all sample values ​​except for the zeroed and moved samples, a ( ) is generated. One frequency domain sample.

[0326] Finally, by analyzing the results obtained from each sample group... Adding the samples together can generate Each frequency domain sample. Through this... The sample generation process can yield an SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) gain. In, for example... Figure 2 (a) In the case of simultaneously sensing and identifying multiple targets (UEs) as shown, TRP can detect and identify multiple different targets exceeding a predetermined threshold. Sample locations are used to identify multiple targets. This is because, in this case, the FSK-based backscattering on / off times are not the same for each UE. Furthermore, when... Figure 2 (b) shows that when each UE indicates different FSK-based backscattering on / off times, since the indicated time itself can serve as UE identification information, it is possible to detect whether there is a significant difference at the corresponding time. (corresponding to) Figure 2 (b) (Use this to identify the UE.)

[0327] Next, as an example, it can be assumed that at this moment UE i has disabled the FSK-based backscatter function according to the TRP's instruction. However, it should be noted that this is only an example, and the FSK-based backscatter disabling can also occur during or after the frequency domain transformation process (2105), time gating process (2111), and sensing process (2113).

[0328] Next, TRP can perform time gating processing as follows. First, for the generated... Execute on a sample Pointed IFFT to generate time domain One sample. Then, only the generated samples are retained. The first G samples from the sample are selected, and the values ​​of the remaining samples are all set to zero, thus obtaining the time domain. One sample.

[0329] Finally, TRP can perform perception processing as follows. First, for the generated... Execute one time-domain sample Point FFT to generate Each frequency domain sample. Next, TRP can be generated using... Select the sample with the strongest signal strength from the samples to determine .

[0330] Among them, the sample location with the maximum value corresponds to a specific frequency value, and the frequency value corresponding to the sample location can be used as sensing information (or ranging information, velocity information or other sensing information). .

[0331] Next, as an example, we can proceed based on the determined... To estimate Figure 18 The distance between TRP and target (UE) i is shown. Here, for example, because Since W, c, and T_c are known parameters, they can be estimated. .

[0332] Furthermore, in the flowchart of the proposed sensing and recognition algorithm based on down-up frequency scanning mentioned above, it is possible to specify the algorithm for each UE i ( The aforementioned frequency domain transformation process (2105), clutter suppression and identification process (2107), time gating process (2111), and sensing process (2113) are repeatedly executed to complete the sensing and identification between TRP and UE i.

[0333] Figure 22 This illustrates a second sensing and recognition algorithm based on down-up frequency scanning according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 22 The algorithm shown is applicable to Figure 15 or Figure 18 For ease of explanation, the following will be referred to as Figure 18 This example is used for illustration, but it is not limited to this.

[0334] Reference Figure 22 UE i can enable backscattering based on FSK (2201).

[0335] TRP can be repeatedly sent to UE i The next frequency sweep sensing signal (2203).

[0336] TRP can receive signals reflected from UE i and returned via FSK-based backscattering. Alternatively, as shown in Equation 16, Equation 30, or Equation 31, signals reflected from multiple UEs (UE i = 0, 1, 2, ...) and returned via FSK-based backscattering are received. (2205). Hereafter, in this disclosure, the reflected or FSK-based backscattered signal will be denoted as... This representation is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a limitation of this disclosure.

[0337] Next, the TRP can perform the frequency domain transformation process as follows (2207). First, as... Figure 18 As shown in the lower part, from In this process, the last G samples are extracted from the first half of every N samples, and phase inversion is performed on the extracted samples. According to one embodiment, phase inversion may not be performed on the extracted samples.

[0338] In addition, such as Figure 18 As shown in the lower part, from In this process, the last G samples are extracted unchanged from the latter half of every N samples. As described above, in 2G samples can be extracted from every N samples. This process is then repeated. This generates, in the time domain. One sample. Then, for the generated Execute on each sample Point FFT to obtain One frequency domain sample.

[0339] Next, the TRP can perform the clutter suppression and identification process as follows (2209). First, for a known interval of... The sample location (e.g., sample 0, sample 1) ,sample The signals on (etc.) are zeroed out. Then, the offset of each zeroed sample position is detected. Location (corresponding to) The test involves determining whether the signal strength at the sample location is an effective frequency component exceeding a predetermined threshold. If this value satisfies the condition and can be calculated from it... Then TRP can determine the offset at each zero-sample position. The signal at that location is an FSK-based backscattered signal from UE i. Next, the identified samples are processed ( Move in the direction to the corresponding zeroing sample position.

[0340] At the same time, the offset of each zeroed sample position is detected. Location (corresponding to) The test involves determining whether the signal strength at the sample location is an effective frequency component exceeding a predetermined threshold. If this value satisfies the condition and can be calculated from it... Then TRP can determine the offset at each zero-sample position. The signal at that location is an FSK-based backscattered signal from UE i. Next, the identified samples are processed ( The sample is moved in the direction of zeroing to the corresponding zeroing sample position. Finally, by zeroing all sample values ​​except for the zeroed and moved samples, a new sample is generated. One frequency domain sample.

[0341] Here, it should be like Figure 2 (a) shows that when simultaneously sensing and identifying multiple targets (UEs), the TRP can use multiple different targets exceeding a predetermined threshold. Sample locations are used to identify multiple targets. This is because, in this case, the FSK-based backscattering on / off times are not the same for each UE. Furthermore, when... Figure 2 (b) shows that when each UE indicates different FSK-based backscattering on / off times, since the indicated time itself can serve as UE identification information, it is possible to detect whether there is a significant difference at the corresponding time. (corresponding to) Figure 2 (b) (Use this to identify the UE.)

[0342] Next, at this moment, it can be assumed that UE i has disabled the FSK-based backscatter function according to the TRP's instruction (2211). However, it should be noted that this is only an example, and the FSK-based backscatter disabling can also occur during or after the frequency domain transformation process (2207), time gating process (2213), sensing process (2215).

[0343] Next, TRP can perform time gating processing as follows (2213). First, for the generated... Execute on each sample Pointed IFFT to generate time domain One sample. Then, only the generated samples are retained. The first 2G samples from the sample are selected, and the values ​​of the remaining samples are all set to zero, thus obtaining the time domain. One sample.

[0344] Finally, TRP can perform perception processing as follows (2215). First, for the generated... Execute one time-domain sample Point FFT to generate Each frequency domain sample. Next, TRP can be generated using... Select the sample with the strongest signal strength from the samples to determine .

[0345] Among them, the sample location with the maximum value corresponds to a specific frequency value, and the frequency value corresponding to the sample location can be used as sensing information (or ranging information, velocity information or other sensing information). .

[0346] Next, as an example, we can proceed based on the determined... To estimate Figure 18 The distance between TRP and target (UE) i is shown. Here, for example, because ,and Since the parameters are known, they can be estimated. .

[0347] Furthermore, in the flowchart of the sensing and recognition algorithm based on down-up frequency scanning proposed in this disclosure, it is possible to specify the algorithm for each UE i ( The aforementioned frequency domain transformation process (2207), clutter suppression and identification process (2209), time gating process (2213), and sensing process (2215) are repeatedly executed to complete the sensing and identification between TRP and UE i.

[0348] Furthermore, this disclosure specifies that, for sensing signals based on up-and-down frequency scanning, the flow description of its sensing and recognition algorithm is as follows: Figure 21 and Figure 22 The flowchart of the sensing and recognition algorithm based on down-up frequency scanning described in the previous section is the same. The only difference is that the processing flow of the down-up frequency scanning part in the first half of the sensing signal and the up-up frequency scanning part in the second half are respectively applied to the second half and the first half.

[0349] Figure 23 Base station configurations in wireless communication systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. Figure 23 The configuration shown can be understood as the structure of a base station. The terms "...unit" and "...device" used below refer to units used to perform at least one function or operation, which can be implemented through hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0350] Reference Figure 23 The base station may include a wireless communication unit 2310, a backhaul communication unit 2320, a storage unit 2330, and a control unit 2340.

[0351] The wireless communication unit 2310 can transmit and receive wireless signals via a wireless channel. For example, the wireless communication unit 2310 can perform a conversion function between baseband signals and bitstreams according to the physical layer specifications of the system. Furthermore, when transmitting data, the wireless communication unit 2310 can generate complex symbols by encoding and modulating the transmitted bitstream; when receiving data, the wireless communication unit 2310 can recover the received bitstream by demodulating and decoding the baseband signal.

[0352] The wireless communication unit 2310 can upconvert baseband signals to radio frequency (RF) band signals for transmission via an antenna, and can downconvert RF band signals received via the antenna back to baseband signals. For this purpose, the wireless communication unit 2310 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), and an ADC (analog-to-digital converter).

[0353] The wireless communication unit 2310 may include multiple transceiver paths and may include at least one antenna array composed of multiple antenna elements.

[0354] From a hardware perspective, the wireless communication unit 2310 may include a digital unit and an analog unit. The analog unit may include multiple sub-units depending on factors such as operating power and operating frequency. The digital unit may be implemented by at least one processor (e.g., a DSP (Digital Signal Processor)).

[0355] The wireless communication unit 2310 can transmit and receive wireless signals as described above. Therefore, all or part of the wireless communication unit 2310 can be referred to as a "transmitter," a "receiver," or a "transceiver." Furthermore, in the following description, transmission and reception via a wireless channel may include the processing performed by the wireless communication unit 2310 as described above.

[0356] The backhaul communication unit 2320 can provide an interface for communicating with other nodes in the network. That is, the backhaul communication unit 2320 can convert bit streams sent from the base station to other nodes (such as other access nodes, other base stations, upper-level nodes, and the core network) into physical signals, and can convert physical signals received from other nodes into bit streams.

[0357] The storage unit 2330 can store basic programs, application programs, and configuration information used for base station operation. The storage unit 2330 can be composed of volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of both. The storage unit 2330 can provide the stored data according to a request from the control unit 2340.

[0358] The control unit 2340 can control the overall operation of the base station. For example, the control unit 2340 can send and receive signals through the wireless communication unit 2310 or the backhaul communication unit 2320. Furthermore, the control unit 2340 can write and read data from the storage unit 2330. In addition, the control unit 2340 can also execute the protocol stack functions required by the communication specifications.

[0359] Therefore, the control unit 2340 may include at least one processor.

[0360] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, the control unit 2340 can control the base station to perform various operations according to the embodiments.

[0361] Figure 24 The illustration shows the configuration of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 24 The configuration shown can be understood as the structure of the UE. The terms "...unit" and "...device" used below refer to units used to perform at least one function or operation, which can be implemented through hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0362] Reference Figure 24 The UE may include a communication unit 2410, a storage unit 2420, and a control unit 2430.

[0363] The communication unit 2410 can perform signal transmission and reception via a wireless channel. For example, the communication unit 2410 can perform conversion between baseband signals and bitstreams according to the system's physical layer specifications. For instance, when transmitting data, the communication unit 2410 can generate complex symbols by encoding and modulating the transmitted bitstream; when receiving data, the communication unit 2410 can recover the received bitstream by demodulating and decoding the baseband signal. Furthermore, the communication unit 2410 can upconvert baseband signals to radio frequency (RF) band signals for transmission via an antenna, and can downconvert RF band signals received via the antenna back to baseband signals. For example, the communication unit 2410 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, an ADC, etc.

[0364] The communication unit 2410 may include multiple transmit and receive paths. Furthermore, the communication unit 2410 may include at least one antenna array composed of multiple antenna elements. From a hardware perspective, the communication unit 2410 may be composed of digital and analog circuits (e.g., RFICs). Here, the digital and analog circuits may be implemented in a single package. Additionally, the communication unit 2410 may include multiple RF links and may perform beamforming.

[0365] The communication unit 2410 can transmit and receive signals as described above. Therefore, all or part of the communication unit 2410 can be referred to as a "transmitter," a "receiver," or a "transceiver." Furthermore, in the following description, transmission and reception via a wireless channel may include the processing performed by the communication unit 2410 as described above.

[0366] The storage unit 2420 can store basic programs, application programs, and configuration information for UE operation. The storage unit 2420 can be composed of volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of both. The storage unit 2420 can provide the stored data according to a request from the control unit 2430.

[0367] The control unit 2430 can control the overall operation of the UE. For example, the control unit 2430 can send and receive signals through the communication unit 2410. Furthermore, the control unit 2430 can write and read data from the storage unit 2420. The control unit 2430 can execute the protocol stack functions required by the communication specification. For this purpose, the control unit 2430 may include at least one processor or microprocessor, or may be part of a processor. Furthermore, at least a portion of the communication unit 2410 and the control unit 2430 can be referred to as a CP (communication processor).

[0368] According to various embodiments of this disclosure, the control unit 2430 can control the UE to perform various operations according to the embodiments.

[0369] The methods described in the embodiments of this disclosure or specification can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0370] When implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium may be provided to store one or more programs (software modules). The one or more programs stored in said computer-readable storage medium are configured to be executed by one or more processors in an electronic device. The one or more programs include instructions to cause the electronic device to perform the methods of the embodiments described in the claims of this disclosure or specification.

[0371] The program (software module, software) can be stored in random access memory, non-volatile memory including flash memory, ROM (read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), disk storage devices, CD-ROM (read-only optical disc), DVD (digital versatile optical disc), or other forms of optical storage devices, magnetic tape, etc. Alternatively, it can be stored in a memory composed of some or all of the above. Furthermore, each component memory may include multiple units.

[0372] Furthermore, the program can be stored in a connectable storage device accessible via a communication network such as the Internet, Intranet, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), or a combination thereof. The storage device can be connected to the device executing embodiments of this disclosure via an external port. Additionally, a separate storage device within the communication network can also be connected to the device executing embodiments of this disclosure.

[0373] In the specific embodiments of this disclosure described above, the constituent elements included in the disclosure may be expressed in a singular or multiple forms according to the proposed specific embodiments. However, the singular or multiple forms are selected only for ease of explanation and according to the specific circumstances. This disclosure is not limited to singular or multiple forms. Constituent elements expressed in multiple forms may also be constituted in a single form, and constituent elements expressed in a single form may also be constituted in multiple forms.

[0374] While the detailed description of this disclosure illustrates specific embodiments, various modifications can be made within the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the above embodiments, but should be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for combining single-carrier baseband communication and sensing in a wireless communication system, performed by a base station (BS), comprising: Send multiplexed signals to user equipment (UE), the multiplexed signals including baseband communication signals and frequency domain sensing signals multiplexed in the same frequency band or time band; Data is transmitted and received between the UE and the BS, wherein the UE and the BS are synchronized and a connection is established to achieve a combination of communication and sensing in a single-carrier baseband. Communication is performed by providing the UE with at least one backscattering on / off time based on frequency shift keying (FSK) and an FSK frequency shift value; The frequency domain sensing signal is sent to the target, wherein the frequency domain sensing signal is assigned to the frequency domain of the baseband at the backscattering activation time, and its baseband time domain signal has multiple frequency sweep forms; Based on the FSK backscatter return signal of the frequency domain sensing signal, the target is identified as the UE, and at least one of the target's position information, velocity information, orientation information, or size information is estimated; and A control signal is sent to the UE so that the UE can process the sensing signal and the communication signal simultaneously or sequentially.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The communication signal and the sensing signal are transmitted via frequency division multiplexing (FDM).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, When the communication signal and the sensing signal are transmitted using FDM, a portion of the communication signal in the frequency domain is a communication signal suitable for single-carrier transmission. Furthermore, no signal is transmitted at the highest and lowest frequency resources of the communication signal suitable for single-carrier transmission, so as to avoid affecting other frequency domain resources.

4. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein, The communication signal and the sensing signal are transmitted sequentially via time division multiplexing (TDM).

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The frequency band or time band is dynamically adjusted to minimize the interference between the communication signal and the sensing signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The baseband signal xBB(n) is a C signal that includes sensing information in the frequency domain, and it is defined according to the following formula: ; Where a, b, and c are arbitrary real values, and, It can have a frequency sweep mode depending on the set parameter values.

7. A method for combining single-carrier baseband communication and sensing in a wireless communication system, performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: Synchronize and establish a connection with the base station (BS) to achieve a combination of communication and sensing in a single-carrier baseband; Sending and receiving data with the base station; Communication is performed by receiving at least one backscatter on / off time or FSK frequency shift value based on frequency shift keying (FSK) from the base station; At the activation time, the FSK backscattering function is activated based on the FSK frequency shift value or a fixed frequency shift value; as well as At the shutdown time, the FSK backscattering function is disabled based on the FSK frequency shift value or a fixed frequency shift value.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The communication signal and the sensing signal are received by the UE through the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) of the base station.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The communication signal and the sensing signal are received by the UE through time division multiplexing (TDM) of the base station.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein, When receiving and analyzing target information provided by the base station through the sensing signal, the UE receives beamforming signals from the base station based on target location information estimated through the sensing signal.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The communication signal and the sensing signal are processed simultaneously in parallel by an independent processing module within the UE.

12. A method for communication and sensing in a wireless communication system using a frequency band in a single-carrier baseband, performed by a base station (BS), comprising: Frequency bands were allocated separately for communication and sensing; By analyzing the signals transmitted in the frequency band used for sensing, the target's position, velocity, orientation, or size information can be estimated. as well as Data is transmitted and received with the user equipment (UE) in the frequency band used for communication.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The frequency band includes a pre-configured guard band to minimize interference between the frequency band used for communication and the frequency band used for sensing.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The base station employs dynamic frequency band allocation to achieve efficient transmission of the communication signals and the sensing signals.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The sensing signal is transmitted in a high-frequency band of 6 GHz and above.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein allocating independent frequency bands for communication and sensing further comprises: The base station adjusts the allocation of the frequency bands in real time based on the status of user equipment and network load.

17. A base station (BS) for communication and sensing within a single-carrier baseband in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising: transceiver; as well as A control unit operably connected to the transceiver; The control unit is configured as follows: Communication signals and sensing signals are multiplexed within the same frequency band or time band, and the multiplexed communication signals and sensing signals are transmitted to the user equipment (UE). Estimate at least one of the target's position, velocity, orientation, or size based on sensor signals; Data is sent and received to the UE via communication signals; as well as Send control signals to the UE to process sensor signals and communication signals simultaneously or sequentially.

18. The base station as claimed in claim 17, wherein, Communication signals and sensor signals are transmitted using frequency division multiplexing (FDM).

19. The base station as claimed in claim 17, wherein, Communication signals and sensor signals are transmitted sequentially using time-division multiplexing (TDM).

20. The base station as claimed in claim 17, wherein, The controller is also configured to estimate the target's velocity based on the frequency shift of the sensor signal.

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