Construction method for filling and roadway layout in small kiln destruction area
By constructing an isolation zone and high-pressure filling in the damaged area of the small kiln, the problem of the uncertain range of the damaged area of the small kiln was solved, the compactness of the filling body and the safe layout of the roadway were achieved, and the construction risks and costs were reduced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
During coal mining, the extent of the damage zone caused by small kilns is uncertain and the boundaries are irregular. Existing treatment methods are unable to accurately delineate the protection area, the filling material is prone to loss, the density and roof connection effect are poor, and the roadway cannot be safely arranged, resulting in high safety risks and high treatment costs.
The method of first isolating and then filling is adopted. An isolation zone is constructed along the boundary of the protected area. A continuous barrier is formed by isolation boreholes and high-pressure filling. Combined with the cyclic process of drilling-exposing-filling-re-drilling, the filling body is made dense and the tunnel is safely excavated.
It enables precise control of the filling range, ensures the compactness and roof contact rate of the filling body, provides safe roadway layout conditions, and reduces construction risks and costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN122215850A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mining and underground engineering technology, specifically relating to a construction method for filling the damaged area of a small kiln and arranging roadways. Background Technology
[0002] During coal mining, historical small-scale mining operations often occur within the mine's operating area. These areas, due to unregulated illegal mining, have irregular boundaries, uncertain extent, and a chaotic distribution of internal broken voids, severely disrupting mine development and production continuity, and posing significant safety hazards.
[0003] In existing technologies, the treatment of damaged areas in small kilns often involves simple backfilling or partial filling, but this approach has the following significant drawbacks: The boundary of the damaged area in the small kiln is irregular and constantly changing, making it difficult for traditional treatment methods to accurately delineate the protection zone. This leads to the easy loss of backfill material into unknown areas, resulting in high treatment costs and poor effectiveness. Conventional backfilling processes often fail to form a dense, roof-connected backfill within the damaged area, resulting in poor density and roof-connection, making it difficult to form a stable load-bearing structure and failing to provide reliable safety guarantees for subsequent roadway rearrangement within the damaged area. Furthermore, existing processes often involve large-area backfilling without effective isolation, with unreasonable construction sequences, high safety risks, and significant backfill material loss. This not only fails to guarantee the safety of roadway rearrangement but also makes the costs of subsequent adjustments and rework incalculable.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a construction method that can effectively define the protection scope, construct a safety isolation zone, and ultimately safely arrange the roadway within the filling body. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method for filling and arranging roadways in the damaged area of a small kiln, which solves the problems in the prior art caused by the uncertainty of the extent of the damaged area of a small kiln, such as difficulty in treatment, incomplete filling, and inability to safely arrange roadways within the damaged area.
[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a construction method for filling the damaged area of a small kiln and arranging the roadway, which is implemented according to the following steps: S1. Determine the scope of the protected area. Based on the mine development plan and production succession plan, determine the protected area where roadways need to be laid out; The protected area refers to the target area within the Xiaoyao damaged area where tunnels are planned to be reconstructed in the future.
[0007] S2. Construct an outer isolation zone Near the boundary of the protected area, isolation boreholes are drilled along the roof of the coal seam. After the goaf is exposed, high-pressure filling is carried out. After the filling material is finally solidified and seals the goaf, the boreholes are extended until the end of the small kiln destruction area, thus forming a continuous isolation zone on both sides of the protected area. S3, Internal integral filling After the isolation zone reaches the predetermined strength, construction and filling of the protected area are carried out through drilling and high-pressure filling to ensure that the internal filling material is dense and connected to the top. S4, tunnel excavation Once the backfill material within the protected area has stabilized and reached its design strength, the tunnel is excavated within the backfill material.
[0008] The invention is further characterized in that, The isolation boreholes are arranged in the coal seam, drilled along the roof and extended into the interior of the small kiln destruction area. After the boreholes expose the goaf, drilling is suspended and backfilling is carried out.
[0009] The isolation zone is filled with high-concentration, low-slump, quick-setting material under high pressure, with a filling pressure of 2~4MPa.
[0010] The construction of the isolation zone adopts a cyclical process of "drilling-exposing (goaf)-filling (after final setting)-drilling again". That is, when the borehole exposes the goaf, drilling is paused and filling is carried out. After the filling material is finally set, drilling is resumed until the borehole passes through the entire small kiln destruction area.
[0011] The isolation zone forms a continuous, closed, high-strength isolation barrier on both sides of the protected area.
[0012] The protected area is filled with high-pressure intermittent filling.
[0013] The filling pressure inside the protected area is 3~5MPa, which is greater than the filling pressure during the construction of the isolation zone.
[0014] After the isolation zone has been cured for 7-14 days and its strength reaches more than 70% of the design value, the entire protected area will be filled in.
[0015] The uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material inside the protected area shall not be less than 5MPa before tunnel excavation can proceed.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The construction method for filling the damaged area of a small kiln and arranging the roadway of the present invention adopts the method of isolation before filling. The isolation area is first constructed along the boundary of the protected area, which effectively blocks the passage between the protected area and the outside world, prevents the ineffective loss of filling material to unknown areas during subsequent filling, and achieves precise control of the filling range. The "drilling-exposing-filling-re-drilling" cyclic process can flexibly address the irregular boundaries and uncertain locations of the small kiln damage zone, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the isolation wall. By using high-pressure filling within the isolation zone, the density and roof contact rate of the filling material inside the damaged area were ensured, transforming the loose and fractured damaged area into a load-bearing artificial rock mass, thus providing a reliable safety guarantee for the subsequent layout of tunnels inside the filling material. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction plan for the construction method of filling the small kiln damage zone and arranging the roadway according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Sectional view of AA.
[0018] In the diagram, 1. Protected area; 2. Isolation zone; 3. Isolation borehole; 4. Small kiln damage zone; 5. Coal seam; 6. Roof; 7. Backfill body; 8. Roadway; 9. Backfill borehole. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0020] The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadway according to the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, please follow these steps: Step 1: Determine the scope of the protected area Based on the mine development plan and production succession plan, the protected area 1 where roadways need to be laid out is delineated and determined.
[0021] Protected Area 1 refers to the target area where the tunnels are planned to be reconstructed within the Xiaoyao Damaged Area 4 in the future.
[0022] Step 2: Construct the outer isolation zone Near the boundary of protected area 1, at least one set of isolation boreholes 3 are constructed along the roof 6 of coal seam 5. The isolation boreholes 3 are drilled within coal seam 5, extending along the roof 6 into the small kiln damage zone 4. After the goaf is exposed during drilling, drilling is immediately stopped, and high-concentration, low-slump quick-setting material is used for high-pressure filling to seal the exposed goaf section and ensure that the filling material is in contact with the roof. After the filling material in this section has fully set, the borehole is extended and drilling resumes. Repeat the above process of "drilling-exposing-filling-drilling" until the borehole passes through the end of the entire small kiln damage zone 4, thereby forming a continuous isolation zone 2 on both sides of the protected area.
[0023] For quick-setting materials, choose cementitious fillers, and control the filling pressure at 2~4MPa.
[0024] By adopting the method of isolation before filling, isolation zone 2 was first constructed along the boundary of protected area 1, which effectively blocked the passage between the protected area and the outside world, prevented the ineffective loss of filling material to unknown areas during subsequent filling, and achieved precise control of the filling range.
[0025] The cyclic process of "drilling-exposing (goaf)-filling (after final setting)-drilling again" can flexibly cope with the irregular boundaries and uncertain locations of the small kiln damage zone, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the isolation wall.
[0026] Step 3: Internal overall filling After the filling material in the isolation zone 2 reaches the predetermined strength, several filling boreholes 9 are constructed within the protected area 1 enclosed by the isolation zone.
[0027] High-pressure filling is carried out into the damaged area 4 of the small kiln through filling borehole 9, so that the filling material fills the internal space of the damaged area and ensures that the filling material is dense and connected to the top.
[0028] The protected area is filled using high-pressure intermittent filling at a pressure of 3-5 MPa, which is higher than the filling pressure used in the isolation zone. This intermittent filling process ensures sufficient grout diffusion, resulting in a dense filler that is in complete contact with the top slab.
[0029] After the isolation zone has been cured for 7-14 days and its strength reaches more than 70% of the design value, the entire protected area will be filled in.
[0030] By carrying out high-pressure filling in the isolation zone, the density and roof contact rate of the filling body inside the small kiln damage zone 4 were ensured, transforming the loose and broken damage zone into an artificial rock mass with bearing capacity, providing a reliable safety guarantee for the subsequent arrangement of roadway 8 inside the filling body.
[0031] Step 4: Tunnel Excavation Once the filling material 7 in the protected area 1 is stable and reaches the design strength, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material in the protected area 1 is not less than 5MPa, the tunnel 8 will be excavated inside the filling material 7 according to the predetermined design.
[0032] Because the filling material has transformed the original fractured space into a complete artificial rock mass, there is no risk of roof collapse or sidewall spalling during the excavation process, and the tunnel is well formed.
[0033] Example 1 The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadway according to the present invention comprises the following steps: S1, Regional Planning Based on the mine development plan and production succession plan, the protection area 1 for which roadways need to be laid is accurately delineated and determined, so as to clearly define the treatment objectives and the scope of construction. S2, Construct an isolation zone Near the boundary of the protected area 1, isolation boreholes 3 are drilled along the roof 6 in the coal seam. After the goaf is exposed, high-pressure filling is used to seal the goaf. After the filling material is finally solidified and the goaf is sealed, the borehole is extended until the end of the small kiln damage zone 4, forming a continuous isolation zone 2 on both sides of the protected area 1. This creates a reliable outer sealing barrier to prevent the subsequent filling slurry from flowing into the unknown area. Isolation Zone 2 forms a continuous, closed, high-strength isolation barrier on both sides of Protection Zone 1.
[0034] S3, Internal Filling After the isolation zone 2 reaches the predetermined strength and forms a stable barrier, the filling borehole 9 is constructed within the protected area 1 and high-pressure filling is carried out to fully fill the goaf and achieve dense roof connection. S4, tunnel construction After the filling material 7 in the protected area 1 is completely stable and reaches the design strength, the roadway 8 is excavated in the well-integrated filling material 7 according to the design centerline to provide a safe and stable load-bearing structure for the roadway.
[0035] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this embodiment further includes an isolation borehole 3 drilled in the coal seam 5 along the direction of the roof 6 and extending into the interior of the small kiln destruction zone 4, which can accurately form a hole along the boundary of the goaf. When the borehole exposes the goaf, drilling is immediately suspended and filling is carried out. High-pressure grouting is used to achieve immediate sealing and prevent the goaf from connecting and causing grout leakage.
[0036] Isolation zone 2 is filled with a high-concentration, low-slump, rapid-setting material under high pressure at a pressure of 2-4 MPa. Utilizing the material's rapid-setting properties, it quickly achieves early strength, and combined with high pressure, ensures the compaction and connection of the filling material to the top, guaranteeing rapid formation and reliable sealing of the isolation barrier, thus creating safe conditions for subsequent internal filling.
[0037] Example 3 Based on Example 2, this embodiment further adopts a cyclic process of "drilling-revealing-filling-re-drilling" for the construction of isolation zone 2. That is, when the borehole reveals the goaf, drilling is paused for filling. After the filling of this section is completed, drilling is resumed until the borehole passes through the entire small kiln destruction zone 4.
[0038] By employing a phased approach of exposure, filling, and advancement, the system adapts to the complex conditions of irregular and poorly defined boundaries in the small kiln damage zone, ensuring continuous, intact, and leak-free isolation.
[0039] Example 4 Based on Example 3, this embodiment further employs high-pressure intermittent filling inside the protected area 1, with a filling pressure of 3~5MPa, which is greater than the filling pressure during the construction of the isolation area 2. The higher pressure allows the grout to fully diffuse, penetrate, and compact, ensuring that all voids are filled.
[0040] Intermittent grouting allows the grout to be filled with water, solidify, and stabilize pressure, avoiding problems such as shrinkage, segregation, or failure to connect the top during one-time grouting. It significantly improves the uniformity, density, and overall stability of the filling body, providing a solid artificial rock mass structure for subsequent tunnel excavation.
[0041] Example 5 Based on Example 4, this embodiment further includes a 7-14 day curing period after the isolation zone 2 is completed. Once the strength reaches more than 70% of the design value, the entire interior of the protected area 1 is then filled to ensure that the isolation barrier has sufficient strength to withstand the internal filling pressure and to prevent deformation, cracking, or instability.
[0042] Once the filling material 7 inside the protected area 1 has been cured and its uniaxial compressive strength is not less than 5MPa, the tunnel 8 excavation will then proceed. This will ensure that the tunnel is in a complete, uniform, and high-strength filling material, thereby fundamentally eliminating the risks of roof falls, sidewall collapses, and void subsidence, and guaranteeing that the tunnel is well-formed, safe to construct, and stable in the long term.
[0043] Example 6 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the construction method for filling the small kiln damage zone and arranging roadways according to the present invention was used to construct a mine field. The specific steps are as follows: Within a certain mining area, there is a historically abandoned small mine shaft (4), which is severely affected by illegal mining and has unclear boundaries. According to the mine's continuation plan, a preparatory roadway (8) needs to be constructed within this abandoned area.
[0044] Step 1: Regional Planning Based on geological data, mine development plans, and production succession plans, the designers delineated the scope of the protected area 1 that the future tunnel 8 would need to pass through on the drawings.
[0045] Step 2: Constructing the isolation zone On the outer side (both wings) of the boundary of protected area 1, isolation boreholes 3 are constructed using a directional drilling rig. The boreholes extend along the roof 6 in the coal seam 5 into the interior of the small kiln damage zone 4.
[0046] When the borehole exposes a goaf, drilling should be stopped immediately, and cemented backfill material should be injected into the goaf section. The backfill pressure should be controlled at 2-4 MPa until the goaf section is filled.
[0047] Once the filling material has fully solidified, the borehole continues to extend forward.
[0048] Repeat the above cycle of "drilling-exposing (goaf)-filling (after final setting)-drilling again" until the borehole penetrates the end of the entire small kiln damage zone 4. Through the construction of isolation boreholes on both sides (or multiple sets), two continuous, high-strength isolation zones 2 are formed around the periphery of the protection zone 1.
[0049] Step 3: Internal filling After the filling material in the isolation zone 2 has been placed for 7-14 days and has reached more than 70% of the design strength, filling boreholes 9 are evenly arranged within the protected area 1. High-pressure filling is then carried out into the space of the small kiln damage zone 4 within the protected area through the filling boreholes 9.
[0050] The filling pressure (3~5MPa) is slightly higher than the pressure during the construction of the isolation zone, and an intermittent filling process is adopted to ensure that the grout is fully diffused, so that the filling body is dense and in complete contact with the top plate 6, thus achieving the connection with the top.
[0051] Step 4: Tunnel Construction After testing, once the overall strength of the filling material 7 in the protected area 1 meets the design requirements (such as uniaxial compressive strength ≥ 5MPa), the tunnel 8 is excavated inside the filling material 7 according to the predetermined centerline.
[0052] Because the filling material has transformed the original fractured space into a complete artificial rock mass, there is no risk of roof collapse or sidewall spalling during the excavation process, and the tunnel is well formed.
[0053] Compared with existing methods for treating damaged areas in small kilns, the construction method for filling and arranging roadways in damaged areas of small kilns in this invention has the following advantages: The method of isolation before filling is adopted. An isolation zone is first constructed along the boundary of the protected area, which effectively blocks the passage between the protected area and the outside world, prevents the ineffective loss of filling material to unknown areas during subsequent filling, and achieves precise control of the filling range. The cyclic process of "drilling-exposing (goaf)-filling (after final setting)-drilling again" can flexibly cope with the irregular boundaries and uncertain locations of the small kiln damage zone, ensuring the continuity and integrity of the isolation wall. By using high-pressure filling within the isolation zone, the density and roof contact rate of the filling material inside the damaged area were ensured, transforming the loose and fragmented small kiln damaged area into a load-bearing artificial rock mass, providing a reliable safety guarantee for the subsequent arrangement of roadways inside the filling material.
[0054] Some embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0055] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
[0056] Although the description of this application has been made in conjunction with the specific embodiments described above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many substitutions, modifications, and variations can be made based on the above description. Therefore, all such substitutions, modifications, and variations are included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A construction method for filling the damaged area of a small kiln and arranging the roadways, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1. Determine the protected area for the roadways to be laid out based on the mine development plan and production succession plan; S2. Near the boundary of the protected area, isolation boreholes are drilled along the roof of the coal seam. After the goaf is exposed, high-pressure filling is carried out. After the filling material is finally solidified and the goaf is sealed, the boreholes are extended until the end of the small kiln destruction area, forming a continuous isolation zone on both sides of the protected area. S3. After the isolation zone reaches the predetermined strength, construct filling boreholes within the protected area and perform high-pressure filling to ensure that the internal filling material is dense and connected to the top. S4. After the filling material in the protected area has stabilized and reached the design strength, the tunnel is excavated within the filling material.
2. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation borehole is drilled along the roof of the coal seam and extends into the interior of the small kiln destruction zone. After the borehole exposes the goaf, drilling is suspended and backfilling is carried out.
3. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation zone is filled with high-concentration, low-slump, quick-setting material under high pressure, with a filling pressure of 2-4 MPa.
4. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the isolation zone adopts a cyclic process of "drilling-exposing-filling-re-drilling", that is, when the borehole exposes the goaf, drilling is paused and filling is carried out. After the filling material has solidified, drilling is resumed until the borehole passes through the entire small kiln destruction zone.
5. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protected area is filled with high-pressure intermittent filling.
6. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filling pressure inside the protected area is 3~5MPa, which is greater than the filling pressure during the construction of the isolation zone.
7. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation zone is cured for 7-14 days until its strength reaches more than 70% of the design value, and then the entire protected area is filled in.
8. The construction method for filling the damaged area of the small kiln and arranging the roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The uniaxial compressive strength of the filling material inside the protected area shall not be less than 5 MPa before tunnel excavation.