A mine underground filling mining self-adaptive supporting device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly discloses a mine underground filling mining self-adaptive supporting device, which comprises a supporting frame, a placing opening is formed in the top of the side surface of the supporting frame, a fixed end of a bidirectional air cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the placing opening, side wall supporting devices are fixedly connected to the two sides of the supporting frame, first guide rods are slidably connected to the two sides of the supporting frame, and the first guide rods are fixedly connected to the side wall supporting devices at the positions away from the supporting frame. The mine underground filling mining self-adaptive supporting device is provided with the side wall supporting devices, can improve the safety and stability of underground roadway supporting, is provided with a top supporting mechanism, can improve the supporting stability in the complex surrounding rock environment underground, a plurality of independent supporting blocks can be self-adapted to the uneven roadway top, can realize gap-free close contact, is provided with a filling sealing assembly, and can effectively improve the filling quality and the surrounding rock stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to an adaptive support device for underground backfilling mining. Background Technology

[0002] Backfilling mining is a key technological approach for achieving safe and efficient mining, maximizing resource recovery, and protecting the surface ecology in coal, metal and non-metal mines. It occupies an important position in my country's energy resource development and green development strategy for mines. After decades of technological iteration and engineering practice, backfilling mining has gradually evolved from an early, simple backfilling method into a systematic and large-scale modern mining technology. It is widely used in complex geological and engineering scenarios such as coal mining under pressure, deep mine mining, maintenance of broken surrounding rock roadways, and remining of old goaf areas. It has become a core means to solve problems such as the difficulty of controlling surface subsidence, low resource recovery rate, and underground gangue accumulation in traditional mining methods. The underground support equipment that supports it is a key piece of equipment to ensure the stability of the backfilling operation space, the safety and controllability of the roof, and the continuous and efficient mining and backfilling process. It has been continuously optimized and upgraded along with the progress of backfilling mining technology. It has gradually developed from early simple passive support equipment to more professional, integrated, and adaptable backfilling-specific support equipment. The overall technical level has been continuously improved, providing solid equipment support for safe and efficient underground mining operations. It can realize the simultaneous operation of coal mining and goaf backfilling, greatly optimize the mining and backfilling process, improve the backfilling density and operation continuity, and has been applied in engineering projects in many key mining areas in China, effectively promoting the large-scale implementation of backfilling mining technology.

[0003] Chinese patent CN120120039A discloses an adaptive temporary support device for tunnel excavation based on modular assembly. By integrating sidewall support and top support devices, it simultaneously supports the sidewalls and top of the tunnel during the excavation process, achieving comprehensive support for the tunnel top and sidewalls, reducing the possibility of local collapse, and improving construction safety.

[0004] While the above-mentioned temporary adaptive support can be achieved, in backfilling mining operations, the backfilling process and the support process are closely linked. Existing support equipment often only has basic support functions, and backfilling operations usually require separate additional devices, which increases the number of underground operations and greatly reduces the efficiency of mining and backfilling. Moreover, most existing support equipment is a rigid structure, which cannot adapt to the irregular surrounding rock contour of the roadway. It has a poor buffering effect against multi-directional impacts and vibrations, and is prone to problems such as inadequate support, uneven stress, slippage and displacement, and structural fracture. This results in poor support safety and stability, poor mining and backfilling efficiency, and the existing mining support equipment requires large traction devices to move. Furthermore, the separate equipment sets occupy narrow underground space, making the switching of support points cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, which seriously reduces the overall efficiency of backfilling mining operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive support device for underground filling and mining, comprising a support frame, a placement opening on the top side of the support frame, a fixed end of a bidirectional cylinder fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the placement opening, side wall support devices fixedly connected to both sides of the support frame, a first guide rod penetrating and slidably connected to both sides of the support frame, the end of the first guide rod away from the support frame being fixedly connected to the side wall support device, the movable end of the bidirectional cylinder penetrating the inner wall of the placement opening and being fixedly connected to the side wall support device, a propulsion mechanism fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame, a filling baffle fixedly connected to the side of the support frame via a bracket, and a top support device fixedly connected to the top of the support frame.

[0006] Preferably, the top support device includes a support plate, a top support mechanism is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, the movable end of a first cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate, guide rods are fixedly connected to the portions of the bottom of the support plate on both sides of the first cylinder, guide sleeves are sleeved on and slidably connected to the guide rods, a filling and sealing assembly is rotatably connected through the bottom of the support plate, the fixed end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame, and the bottom of the guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame.

[0007] Preferably, the sidewall support device includes a fixed base and a buffer box. The fixed base has a buffer groove on its side. A buffer spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the buffer groove. The fixed end of a first elastic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the buffer groove, which is located inside the buffer spring. A buffer slider is fixedly connected to the movable end of the first elastic telescopic rod. The bottom of the buffer slider is fixedly connected to the top of the buffer spring. A first connecting frame is fixedly connected to the side of the buffer slider away from the buffer groove. A rotating frame is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first connecting frame. A first spring is evenly fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the buffer box. A sliding seat is slidably connected to the inner wall of the buffer box. A sidewall support plate is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding seat. A second connecting frame is fixedly connected to the sidewall support plate near the sliding seat.

[0008] Preferably, the side of the buffer box is fixedly connected to the movable end of the bidirectional cylinder and the end of the first guide rod away from the support frame. Two sets of fixed seats are provided and symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the support frame. The inner wall of the second connecting frame is rotatably connected to the end of the rotating frame away from the first connecting frame. The bidirectional cylinder can drive the support plate to fit tightly against the sidewall of the roadway under the guidance of the guide rod according to the width of the roadway. When subjected to impact or vibration, the sliding seat squeezes the spring to absorb the lateral impact force, and the rotating frame transmits the longitudinal impact force to the buffer slider. In conjunction with the elastic telescopic rod to absorb energy, the rotating frame adaptively rotates and adjusts to ensure that the support plate fits against the sidewall, buffers multi-directional forces, avoids the breakage of the support structure, and improves the safety of the support.

[0009] Preferably, the top support mechanism includes a top support box. A second spring is uniformly fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the top support box. The fixed end of a second elastic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom portion of the inner wall of the top support box located inside the second spring. A top support block is fixedly connected to the movable end of the second elastic telescopic rod. The bottom of the top support block is fixedly connected to the top of the second spring. The bottom of the top support box is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate. Anti-slip textures are uniformly formed on the top of the top support block. Adjacent sets of top support blocks are tightly fitted and slidably connected to each other. A first cylinder pushes the support plate to cause the top support block to adhere tightly to the top of the roadway. The support block can adaptively adjust its position according to the unevenness of the surrounding rock. The spring and elastic telescopic rod absorb the vibration and settlement impact of the top. The anti-slip textures on the top of the support block increase friction, preventing equipment slippage and achieving gapless adaptive support, improving the stability of the top support and adapting to complex underground rock environments.

[0010] Preferably, the filling baffle has an arc-shaped slot on its side, and a sealing groove is formed on one side of the inner wall of the arc-shaped slot. A sealing element is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the sealing groove. The filling and sealing assembly includes a rotating plate, a third connecting frame is fixedly connected to the side of the rotating plate, a first connecting block is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the third connecting frame, the movable end of a second cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the first connecting block away from the third connecting frame, and a second connecting block is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the second cylinder. A filling tube is uniformly penetrated and fixedly connected to the portion of the rotating plate above the third connecting frame. A diversion feed pipe is connected to the end of the filling tube away from the rotating plate. A connecting bracket is fixedly connected to the portion of the rotating plate below the third connecting frame. A fine filling tube is penetrated and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting bracket. Fine filling outlet holes are uniformly formed on the side of the fine filling tube, and a connecting pipe is connected to one end of the fine filling tube. The connecting pipe and the fine filling pipe are rotatably connected. A swing motor is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting bracket away from the connecting pipe. The drive shaft of the swing motor passes through the side of the connecting bracket and is fixedly connected to the fine filling pipe. A sealing insert is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the rotating plate. Both sides of the sealing insert are slidably connected to the inner wall of the sealing groove. The bottom of the rotating plate is slidably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the arc-shaped slot. The top of the rotating plate passes through the bottom of the support plate and is rotatably connected to the support plate. The side of the second connecting block away from the second cylinder is rotatably connected to the top of the support frame through the bracket. The second cylinder drives the rotating plate to rotate to a horizontal position. The fine filling pipe swings under the drive of the swing motor, and the filling material is evenly sprayed to fill the gaps. After filling, the rotating plate returns to its original position. The sealing insert seals with the sealing element, and then the remaining space is quickly filled. The filling baffle prevents the material from collapsing, and the sealing structure prevents grout leakage. The integrated support and filling operation reduces the number of processes and improves efficiency and filling stability.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the inner wall of the support frame is symmetrically fixedly connected to the fixed end of the third cylinder, the movable end of the third cylinder is fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the bottom of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the anti-slip and shock-absorbing pad. The propulsion mechanism includes a bottom support slide rail, the inner wall of the bottom support slide rail is slidably connected to a guide slider, one end of the bottom support slide rail is fixedly connected to a first fixed plate, the side of the first fixed plate is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the propulsion cylinder, and the portions of the side of the first fixed plate located on both sides of the propulsion cylinder are slidably connected to propulsion guide rods. The movable end of the propulsion cylinder passes through the first fixed plate. A fixed plate is fixedly connected to a second fixed plate. The side of the second fixed plate closest to the propulsion cylinder is fixedly connected to the propulsion guide rod. The top of the guide slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame. The side of the second fixed plate furthest from the propulsion guide rod is fixedly connected to the side of the support frame. During normal support, the third cylinder extends to make the anti-slip damping pad adhere tightly to the bottom plate, buffering vibration and preventing equipment slippage. When movement is required, the third cylinder retracts to lift the damping pad, and the propulsion cylinder drives the equipment to slide along the slide rail, precisely controlling the movement distance. No large traction equipment is required. The integrated design is suitable for narrow downhole environments, making operation safe and convenient.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: 1. This mine's underground backfilling and mining adaptive support equipment is equipped with a sidewall support device, which can improve the safety and stability of underground roadway support. The bidirectional cylinder can automatically adjust according to the roadway width, so that the support plate fits tightly against the sidewall. When subjected to impact and vibration, the first spring, buffer spring and elastic telescopic rod can simultaneously absorb lateral and longitudinal forces. In conjunction with the rotating frame, it adapts to the pressure of irregular sidewalls, avoids uneven stress on the support structure and prevents breakage. It effectively resists the load brought by complex underground working conditions, ensures the reliability of sidewall support, and improves the overall support safety.

[0013] 2. This mine's underground filling and mining adaptive support equipment is equipped with a top support mechanism, which enhances the support stability in complex underground rock environments. Multiple sets of independent support blocks can adapt to uneven roadway tops, achieving a tight fit without gaps. The second spring and the second elastic telescopic rod can effectively absorb the subsidence and vibration impact of the surrounding rock, reducing the damage to the equipment caused by top pressure. The anti-slip texture on the top increases the friction with the surrounding rock, reducing the risk of equipment slippage and displacement, making the overall support more stable.

[0014] 3. This mine's underground filling and mining adaptive support equipment is equipped with a filling and sealing component, which effectively improves the filling quality and surrounding rock stability, while also increasing operational efficiency. The oscillating discharge of the fine filling pipe can achieve uniform filling without dead corners, avoiding voids and gaps. The sealing insert and sealing structure work together to prevent grout leakage, ensuring the compactness of the filling and enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock. The integrated design of support and filling eliminates the need for manual disassembly and assembly of baffles and equipment replacement, simplifying underground operation procedures, reducing operational processes, and improving the overall mining and filling efficiency.

[0015] 4. This adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining is equipped with a propulsion mechanism, which further ensures the stability of underground support and improves the ease of equipment movement. During support, the anti-slip and shock-absorbing pads are in close contact with the bottom plate to prevent slippage and buffer mining vibrations, thereby enhancing support stability. When moving, it can quickly switch to the sliding rail movement mode, and the movement distance is precisely controlled by the propulsion cylinder. No large traction equipment is required, making it suitable for narrow underground spaces. The integrated design does not occupy extra space, reducing the difficulty of equipment movement, improving operational safety and continuity, and ensuring efficient overall support. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive support device for underground backfilling mining according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the top support device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the sidewall support device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sidewall support device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the top support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the top support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the filling and sealing assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the filling and sealing assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the propulsion mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Placement port; 3. Two-way cylinder; 4. Side wall support device; 5. First guide rod; 6. Propulsion mechanism; 7. Filling baffle; 8. Top support device; 9. Arc-shaped slot; 10. Sealing groove; 11. Seal; 12. Third cylinder; 13. Connecting plate; 14. Anti-slip and shock-absorbing pad; 41. Fixed seat; 42. Buffer box; 43. Buffer slide; 44. Buffer spring; 45. First elastic telescopic rod; 46. Buffer slider; 47. First connecting frame; 48. Rotating frame; 49. First spring; 410. Sliding seat; 411. Side wall support plate; 412. Second connecting frame; 81. Support plate; 82. Top support mechanism; 83. First cylinder; 84. Guide rod; 85. Guide sleeve; 86. Filling and sealing assembly; 821. Top support box; 822. Second spring; 823. Second elastic telescopic rod; 824. Top support block; 861. Rotating plate; 862. Third connecting frame; 863. First connecting block; 864. Second cylinder; 865. Second connecting block; 866. Filling tube; 867. Diverting feed tube; 868. Connecting bracket; 869. Fine filling tube; 8610. Fine filling discharge hole; 8611. Connecting tube; 8612. Swing motor; 8613. Sealing insert plate; 61. Bottom support slide rail; 62. Guide slider; 63. First fixing plate; 64. Push cylinder; 65. Push guide rod; 66. Second fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] For the first embodiment, please refer to... Figures 1-4 This invention provides an adaptive support device for underground backfilling mining. By incorporating a sidewall support device 4, during operation, a bidirectional cylinder 3 drives the sidewall support device 4 to extend stably under the guidance of a first guide rod 5, according to the width of the underground roadway. This allows the sidewall support plate 411 to fit tightly against the sidewall of the roadway. When the sidewall support plate 411 is subjected to impact or vibration from mining, the impact force compresses the sidewall support plate 411, causing the sliding seat 410 to slide and compress the first spring 49 within the buffer box 42. The first spring 49 is compressed and contracts, absorbing the lateral impact energy from the vibration. Simultaneously, the impact force is transmitted to the buffer slider 46 through the rotating frame 48. The buffer slider 46 compresses the buffer spring 44 and the first elastic telescopic rod 45. The buffer spring 44 and the first elastic telescopic rod 45 deform and absorb the longitudinal impact force. At the same time, the rotating frame 48 will rotate adaptively to adjust the irregular sidewall pressure, ensuring that the sidewall support plate 411 always fits the sidewall. This can buffer the impact and vibration generated from different directions downhole at the same time, avoid the support structure from breaking due to uneven stress, and greatly improve the support safety of the support equipment for the downhole sidewall structure.

[0019] For the second embodiment, please refer to... Figures 1-6By setting multiple sets of independent buffer top support blocks 824, during use, the first cylinder 83 pushes the support plate 81 to rise, and the support plate 81 drives the top support box 821 to rise, so that the top support blocks 824 are tightly attached to the top of the roadway. When the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway is uneven, the top support blocks 824 at different positions will adaptively slide and adjust their positions according to the depressions and protrusions of the surrounding rock. The top support blocks 824 at the depression position extend upward under the elastic force of the second spring 822, and the top support blocks 824 at the protrusion position are squeezed and slide downward, so that all the top support blocks 824 can slide downward. Both can fit tightly against the uneven roadway top, achieving self-adaptive support without gaps. When the surrounding rock at the top vibrates and settles, the impact force will squeeze the second spring 822 and the second elastic telescopic rod 823, and the two will undergo elastic deformation to absorb the impact force, thereby avoiding impact pressure from the top and improving the overall stability of the equipment support. At the same time, the anti-slip texture on the top of the top support block 824 can increase the friction between the top support structure and the surrounding rock at the top of the roadway, reduce the risk of slippage and displacement of the support equipment, further improve the stability and reliability of the support, and adapt to the complex surrounding rock environment underground.

[0020] Third embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-8By incorporating a filling and sealing assembly 86, during filling, the second cylinder 864 is activated, extending its movable end to push the first connecting block 863. The first connecting block 863, via the third connecting frame 862, pushes the rotating plate 861 to rotate along the rotating connection position of the support plate 81. After the rotating plate 861 rotates to a horizontal position, the connecting pipe 8611 delivers filling material into the fine filling pipe 869. The filling material is evenly sprayed out from the fine filling outlet 8610 on the side of the fine filling pipe 869. Simultaneously, the swing motor 8612 starts, causing the fine filling pipe 869 to slowly swing along the connecting bracket 868. This ensures that the filling material is evenly filled in the bottom and side wall gaps of the mined space, avoiding incomplete filling caused by dead corners. After filling is complete, the swing motor 8612 stops rotating, and the second cylinder 864 drives the rotating plate 861 back to a vertical position. The sealing insert 8613 at the bottom of the rotating plate 861 is then inserted into the filling... In the arc-shaped slot 9 and sealing groove 10 of the filling baffle 7, the sealing element 11 is tightly attached to the surface of the sealing insert 8613 to seal the slot gap. Then, the feed pipe 867 delivers filling material to the filling pipe 866. The filling material is discharged from the top side of the rotating plate 861, quickly filling the remaining filling space. The filling baffle 7 can prevent the filling material from collapsing forward before solidification. After filling, the sealing insert 8613, sealing groove 10, and sealing element 11 cooperate to ensure the sealing of the filling area, avoid leakage of filling material, and prevent insufficient filling density. This improves the stability of the surrounding rock after filling. The filling without dead corners can ensure that the filling space is filled densely, and it is not easy to form voids and gaps. This greatly improves the stability of the surrounding rock after filling and mining. Moreover, there is no need for manual repeated disassembly and assembly of the sealing baffle, so that the support operation and filling operation can be integrated into the same equipment. There is no need to replace the filling equipment, which reduces the downhole operation process and improves the efficiency of mining and filling.

[0021] For the fourth embodiment, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-9By incorporating the propulsion mechanism 6, during normal support operation, the third cylinder 12 continuously extends, causing the anti-slip damping pad 14 at the bottom of the connecting plate 13 to adhere tightly to the floor of the underground roadway. At this time, the guide slider 62 and the bottom support rail 61 are suspended in mid-air. The overall weight of the equipment is transferred to the anti-slip damping pad 14 and the floor through the support frame 1. The friction of the anti-slip damping pad 14 prevents the equipment from slipping in the inclined section of the roadway and further buffers the vibration during mining, improving the stability of the support. When the equipment needs to be moved to the next mining support point, the third cylinder 12 retracts, causing the connecting plate 13 and the anti-slip damping pad 14 to move. Lifting the device transfers its overall weight to the bottom support slide rail 61 and guide slider 62. Then, the propulsion cylinder 64 is activated. The movable end of the propulsion cylinder 64 retracts, causing the second fixed plate 66 to move along the guide rod 65. The second fixed plate 66 then drives the support frame 1 and guide slider 62 to slide along the bottom support slide rail 61. This allows for precise control of the device's movement distance. Position adjustments can be completed without relying on large traction equipment, reducing the difficulty of moving the equipment downhole. Furthermore, it is integrated with the overall support equipment, eliminating the need for additional downhole space. This makes it suitable for narrow downhole working environments, making operation safer and more convenient.

[0022] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive support device for underground backfilling mining, characterized in that: The support frame (1) has a placement opening (2) on the top side of the support frame (1). The bottom of the inner wall of the placement opening (2) is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the bidirectional cylinder (3). The support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the side wall support device (4) on both sides. The support frame (1) is slidably connected to the first guide rod (5) on both sides. The end of the first guide rod (5) away from the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the side wall support device (4). The movable end of the bidirectional cylinder (3) passes through the inner wall of the placement opening (2) and is fixedly connected to the side wall support device (4). The bottom of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the propulsion mechanism (6). The side of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the filling baffle (7) through the bracket. The top of the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the top support device (8). The top support device (8) includes a support plate (81), a top support mechanism (82) is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (81), the movable end of the first cylinder (83) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate (81), and guide slide rods (84) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support plate (81) on both sides of the first cylinder (83). A guide sleeve (85) is sleeved on and slidably connected to the guide slide rod (84). A filling and sealing assembly (86) is rotatably connected through the bottom of the support plate (81). The fixed end of the first cylinder (83) is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame (1), and the bottom of the guide sleeve (85) is fixedly connected to the top of the support frame (1).

2. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall support device (4) includes a fixed base (41) and a buffer box (42). The fixed base (41) has a buffer groove (43) on its side. A buffer spring (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the buffer groove (43). The part of the bottom of the inner wall of the buffer groove (43) located inside the buffer spring (44) is fixedly connected to the fixed end of a first elastic telescopic rod (45). A buffer slider (46) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the first elastic telescopic rod (45). The bottom of the buffer slider (46) is fixedly connected to the top of the buffer spring (44). The buffer slider (46) is fixedly connected to a first connecting frame (47) on the side away from the buffer groove (43). The inner wall of the first connecting frame (47) is rotatably connected to a rotating frame (48). The inner wall of the buffer box (42) is evenly fixedly connected to a first spring (49). The inner wall of the buffer box (42) is slidably connected to a sliding seat (410). The sliding seat (410) is fixedly connected to a side wall support plate (411) on one side. The side wall support plate (411) is fixedly connected to a second connecting frame (412) on the side close to the sliding seat (410).

3. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the buffer box (42) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the bidirectional cylinder (3) and the end of the first guide rod (5) away from the support frame (1). The fixed seat (41) is provided in two sets and is symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the support frame (1). The inner wall of the second connecting frame (412) is rotatably connected to the end of the rotating frame (48) away from the first connecting frame (47).

4. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top support mechanism (82) includes a top support box (821). A second spring (822) is uniformly fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the top support box (821). The part of the bottom of the inner wall of the top support box (821) located inside the second spring (822) is fixedly connected to the fixed end of a second elastic telescopic rod (823). The movable end of the second elastic telescopic rod (823) is fixedly connected to a top support block (824). The bottom of the top support block (824) is fixedly connected to the top of the second spring (822).

5. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the top support box (821) is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (81), and the top of the top support block (824) is evenly provided with anti-slip texture. Two adjacent sets of top support blocks (824) are closely attached and slidably connected to each other.

6. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling baffle (7) has an arc-shaped slot (9) on its side, and a sealing groove (10) is provided on one side of the inner wall of the arc-shaped slot (9). A sealing element (11) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the sealing groove (10).

7. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filling and sealing assembly (86) includes a rotating plate (861), a third connecting frame (862) fixedly connected to the side of the rotating plate (861), a first connecting block (863) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the third connecting frame (862), a movable end of a second cylinder (864) fixedly connected to the end of the first connecting block (863) away from the third connecting frame (862), a second connecting block (865) fixedly connected to the fixed end of the second cylinder (864), a filling tube (866) uniformly penetrating and fixedly connected to the portion of the side of the rotating plate (861) above the third connecting frame (862), a diversion feed pipe (867) connected to the end of the filling tube (866) away from the rotating plate (861), a connecting bracket (868) fixedly connected to the portion of the side of the rotating plate (861) below the third connecting frame (862), a fine filling tube (869) penetrating and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting bracket (868), and the fine filling tube (869)... 9) Fine filling discharge holes (8610) are evenly provided on the side. One end of the fine filling tube (869) is connected to a connecting tube (8611). The connecting tube (8611) is rotatably connected to the fine filling tube (869). A swing motor (8612) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting bracket (868) away from the connecting tube (8611). The drive shaft of the swing motor (8612) passes through the side of the connecting bracket (868) and is fixedly connected to the fine filling tube (869). The rotating plate ( 861) A sealing insert (8613) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side. Both sides of the sealing insert (8613) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the sealing groove (10). The bottom of the rotating plate (861) is slidably connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the arc-shaped slot (9). The top of the rotating plate (861) passes through the bottom of the support plate (81) and is rotatably connected to the support plate (81). The side of the second connecting block (865) away from the second cylinder (864) is rotatably connected to the top of the support frame (1) through a bracket.

8. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (1) has a fixed end of a third cylinder (12) symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of its inner wall. The movable end of the third cylinder (12) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (13). The bottom of the connecting plate (13) is fixedly connected to an anti-slip and shock-absorbing pad (14).

9. The adaptive support equipment for underground backfilling mining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The propulsion mechanism (6) includes a bottom support slide rail (61), a guide slider (62) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bottom support slide rail (61), a first fixing plate (63) is fixedly connected to one end of the bottom support slide rail (61), the fixed end of the propulsion cylinder (64) is fixedly connected to the side of the first fixing plate (63), the part of the side of the first fixing plate (63) located on both sides of the propulsion cylinder (64) is slidably connected to the propulsion guide rod (65), the movable end of the propulsion cylinder (64) passes through the first fixing plate (63) and is fixedly connected to the second fixing plate (66), the side of the second fixing plate (66) close to the propulsion cylinder (64) is fixedly connected to the propulsion guide rod (65), the top of the guide slider (62) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame (1), and the side of the second fixing plate (66) away from the propulsion guide rod (65) is fixedly connected to the side of the support frame (1).

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