The invention discloses a double-cantilever hard rock coal roadway heading and anchoring device which comprises a coal transporting device, a hydraulic system, an electrical control system, a dust removal system, a power system, a headstock, a cantilever cutting device, a crawler travel unit and a supporting platform, wherein the cantilever cutting device is connected to the front end of the headstock, the crawler travel unit is arranged below the headstock, and the supporting platform is hinged with the rear end of the headstock; the upper end of the headstock is provided with a temporary supporting device; the supporting platform is provided with a roof jumbolter and a side-wall jumbolter; and a mesh transporting car is also arranged on the supporting platform. In the double-cantilever hard rock coal roadway heading and anchoring device disclosed by the invention, a double-cantilever and double-cutting-head design is adopted, and a heading system and an anchoring system are organically combined together to carry out operations, thereby greatly improving the heading efficiency. The temporary supporting device is provided with a telescopic temporary support plate and a finger-shaped shield, so that the unsupported roof distance in a heading process is greatly shortened, the safe operation coefficient of the operating personnel is improved, and the safe production is ensured.