Carbon monoxide alarm and detection alarm method

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon monoxide alarm and a detection alarm method, and belongs to the technical field of gas detection. The alarm comprises a core control module, a CO detection and signal processing module, a temperature and humidity detection module, a power supply and protection module, a reset and auxiliary control module and a display module. Through the deep cooperation of multiple modules, the application realizes the dynamic correction of the detection threshold by temperature and humidity, the controlled reset in the case of power supply anomaly, the active emergency intervention of the danger level, the adaptive adjustment of the early warning level in the case of environmental change, the intelligent anti-shake in the case of early warning removal, the cooperation of self-diagnosis and power management, the intelligent verification of user setting and hardware self-checking, and the self-recovery of temporary faults. The application has the advantages of high detection precision, strong environmental adaptability, good system reliability, intelligent human-computer interaction and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas detection and environmental monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a carbon monoxide alarm and a detection and alarm method based on the alarm. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless highly toxic gas, is widely present in household gas appliances, industrial combustion devices, and vehicle exhaust. Leaks can easily lead to poisoning accidents, making accurate and real-time monitoring of it urgently needed. However, existing carbon monoxide monitoring equipment has many technical limitations: 1. Limited functionality and lack of inter-module collaboration. Most existing alarms can only monitor carbon monoxide concentration. Although some devices integrate temperature and humidity sensors, each module works independently, and the temperature and humidity data are only displayed as independent parameters, without being used to correct CO detection results or adjust the warning logic. This piecemeal design, rather than a system integration, cannot achieve comprehensive judgment based on multiple parameters, resulting in a high rate of false alarms and missed alarms.

[0003] 2. The early warning mechanism is rigid and unable to adapt to environmental changes. Existing equipment typically uses fixed warning thresholds. When ambient temperature and humidity change drastically, the sensor output characteristics also change, and fixed thresholds cannot adapt to these changes. This leads to a significant increase in false alarm rates in extreme environments (such as high temperature and high humidity, or low temperature and dryness). Furthermore, the warning response methods are simplistic and cannot adaptively adjust the warning intensity based on the level of danger and ambient lighting conditions.

[0004] 3. The handling of abnormal situations is passive, lacking the ability to proactively intervene. Existing equipment can only issue local audible and visual alarms when it detects a hazard, and cannot trigger external actuators for proactive intervention. When no one is present, the alarm information cannot be translated into effective action, and the safety hazard remains.

[0005] 4. Poor power management and low reliability under abnormal conditions. Existing equipment often resets or cuts off power directly when there are abnormal fluctuations in power supply voltage, leading to monitoring interruptions, data loss, and even false alarms. The lack of a linkage mechanism between power supply protection and reset control makes controlled recovery impossible under abnormal conditions.

[0006] 5. Weak fault diagnosis capabilities and lack of self-healing ability. When existing equipment experiences temporary failures (such as momentary communication interruptions), it directly locks into an error state and continuously alarms, requiring manual intervention to reset. The lack of a self-healing mechanism increases unnecessary maintenance costs and user inconvenience. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a carbon monoxide alarm and detection alarm method with deep inter-module collaborative linkage. Through multi-parameter fusion analysis, environmental adaptive early warning, proactive emergency intervention, intelligent power management, and fault self-healing mechanism, it achieves a technological leap from functional patchwork to system integration, significantly improving detection accuracy, environmental adaptability, and system reliability.

[0008] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a carbon monoxide alarm, comprising: The core control module is responsible for signal acquisition, data processing, equipment control, and external communication. The CO detection and signal processing module is connected to the core control module and is equipped with a high-precision CO sensor to capture changes in CO concentration in the environment in real time and convert them into identifiable signals. It also has a built-in signal conditioning and amplification filtering mechanism. The temperature and humidity detection module is connected to the core control module and uses a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor to directly output digital temperature and humidity data through a digital communication interface. The power supply and protection module connects to each module and supports dual modes of external power supply via USB Type-C and backup power supply via lithium battery. It also features multiple built-in protection mechanisms. The reset and auxiliary control module is connected to the core control module and has an automatic reset function, a noise filtering mechanism, and a reserved load control channel. The display module, connected to the core control module, is equipped with a high-definition LCD screen that supports backlight control, used to display multi-parameter data, error codes, and warning signs; The core control module incorporates a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm, which includes an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm and a temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm. First, the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used to perform real-time noise reduction on the concentration signal collected by the CO sensor. Then, the temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm is used to perform nonlinear compensation on the filtered concentration value based on the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module to obtain an accurate CO concentration value. When the temperature and humidity exceed the preset normal operating range, the CO concentration detection threshold is automatically corrected and the warning judgment logic is adjusted.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution: the core control module has a built-in multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm to dynamically correlate and analyze the concentration data collected by the CO detection module with the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module.

[0010] Multi-parameter acquisition and algorithm optimization The raw analog signal acquired by the CO sensor is initially conditioned by the signal processing module (including pre-amplification and low-pass filtering) and then sent to the ADC channel of the core control module for analog-to-digital conversion. The core control module runs a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm, which includes two core algorithms: Adaptive Kalman Filtering Algorithm: This algorithm performs real-time noise reduction on the converted CO concentration sequence. By establishing a system state model and an observation model, it dynamically adjusts the Kalman gain based on the estimated value from the previous moment and the observed value from the current moment, filtering out sensor noise and external interference to output a smooth and stable concentration value. Compared to traditional moving average filtering, adaptive Kalman filtering can more effectively suppress low-frequency drift and high-frequency noise while maintaining signal response speed, significantly improving detection accuracy.

[0011] Temperature and humidity coupled compensation algorithm: Based on adaptive Kalman filtering, this algorithm performs nonlinear compensation on the filtered concentration value according to the environmental data provided by the current temperature and humidity detection module. Based on an experimentally calibrated temperature and humidity-sensor response characteristic model, it calculates the compensation coefficient in real time, eliminating the influence of environmental temperature and humidity changes on the sensor output characteristics, ensuring that the output concentration accurately reflects the actual CO concentration level.

[0012] The two algorithms work together to first remove dynamic noise from the signal through adaptive Kalman filtering, and then correct static environmental deviations through temperature and humidity coupling compensation, ultimately outputting accurate CO concentration values, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent graded early warning and linkage control.

[0013] Furthermore, the core control module adopts a main control chip integrating dual USB interfaces, multi-channel ADC, debugging interface and GPIO pins; the CO sensor is an electrochemical high-precision sensor; the temperature and humidity sensor is a sensor with integrated I²C digital interface.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution: the core control module uses a main control chip integrating dual USB interfaces, multi-channel ADC, debugging interface, and abundant GPIO pins, which can simultaneously connect to multiple sensor signals and support external communication and expansion; the electrochemical CO sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low power consumption, and long lifespan, and can output stable and reliable analog signals with the built-in signal conditioning circuit; the digital temperature and humidity sensor directly outputs digital temperature and humidity values ​​through the I²C interface without additional signal conversion, and has high data accuracy and strong anti-interference ability. The combination of these three components constitutes a high-performance data acquisition and processing core, providing an accurate raw data foundation for subsequent multi-parameter fusion analysis, ensuring that the alarm can respond quickly and accurately to changes in CO concentration in various complex environments.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply and protection module has multiple protection mechanisms, including electrostatic discharge protection circuit, overcurrent protection circuit and voltage spike suppression circuit, and adopts independent power supply distribution logic to reduce signal interference between modules. The power supply and protection module is linked with the reset and auxiliary control module. When abnormal fluctuations in the power supply voltage are detected, the reset and auxiliary control module is automatically triggered to perform a controlled reset. After the voltage stabilizes, the power supply sequence of each module is automatically restored to avoid data loss or false alarms caused by abnormal reset.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solutions, the power supply and protection module integrates electrostatic discharge protection, overcurrent protection, and voltage spike suppression circuits, effectively resisting external electrical interference and ensuring the stable operation of each module. Independent power supply distribution logic isolates the analog and digital circuit power supplies, reducing crosstalk and improving signal quality. More importantly, this module works in conjunction with the reset and auxiliary control module: when abnormal power supply voltage fluctuations are detected (such as sudden power outages or voltage spikes), the reset module is immediately notified to execute a controlled reset procedure—pausing non-core functions, saving the current monitoring status, and resuming power supply sequentially after voltage recovery. This mechanism avoids the abrupt resets, data loss, or false alarms caused by abnormal power supply in traditional equipment, significantly enhancing the system's robustness and monitoring continuity in harsh power supply environments.

[0017] Furthermore, the load control channel reserved in the reset and auxiliary control module is used to expand external alarm devices or external sensors; The load control channel is linked to the risk assessment results of the core control module. When the CO concentration reaches the danger level warning threshold, in addition to the equipment's own alarm, the load control channel will simultaneously drive an external strong sound and light alarm or automatically close the valve, so as to realize the coordinated emergency response of local equipment and external equipment.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the load control channel reserved in the reset and auxiliary control module can convert the internal risk assessment results of the alarm into external execution actions. When the core control module determines that the CO concentration has reached the dangerous level threshold (e.g., ≥200ppm) and continuously confirms it, it immediately outputs a drive signal through this channel to control an external high-decibel audible and visual alarm to issue a high-decibel alarm, or directly close the gas emergency shut-off valve to block the leak at its source. This design upgrades the alarm from a single "passive sensing device" to an "active prevention and control terminal," realizing the synergy between local monitoring and external intervention. Even when no one is on-site, it can automatically take emergency measures, significantly improving the level of safety protection.

[0019] A second aspect of this application provides a gas detection alarm method for the aforementioned carbon monoxide alarm, comprising the following stages: Power-on and startup phase: Press and hold the power button to trigger power-on. The device will perform sensor initialization, hardware self-test and parameter calibration. If there are no abnormalities, it will enter normal operation. Normal operation and functional operation phase: The core control module collects, processes, and displays CO concentration, temperature, and humidity data in real time. Specifically, the CO sensor collects a simulated CO concentration signal. After initial conditioning by the signal processing module, the core control module performs noise reduction processing using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm. Then, a temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm performs nonlinear compensation based on the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module to obtain an accurate CO concentration value. The equipment performs self-diagnosis according to a set cycle. When the LCD screen is lit, a short press of the power button switches the temperature unit and permanently memorizes it. A quick double press of the power button switches the alarm volume and temporarily activates it. Warning Triggering and Cancellation Phase: When the CO concentration reaches the first threshold, a warning level is triggered; when it reaches the second threshold, which is higher than the first threshold, a danger level warning is triggered. The warning is automatically cancelled when the CO concentration drops below the cancellation threshold. During the warning period, it is possible to manually pause the alarm sound or switch the screen brightness. Power off phase: Press and hold the power button to trigger power off in any state, shutting down all functional modules of the device; During the warning triggering and de-alarming phase, the core control module monitors temperature and humidity changes in real time. When the temperature and humidity detection module detects a drastic change in ambient temperature or humidity, it automatically triggers a sensor status verification and dynamically adjusts the current warning level based on the verification result to avoid false alarms or missed alarms caused by sudden environmental changes.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution: during the warning triggering and de-escalation phases, the core control module continuously monitors the rate of change in temperature and humidity. When a temperature change rate exceeding 3℃ / minute or a humidity change rate exceeding 10%RH / minute is detected, it is determined to be a drastic environmental change. At this time, the sensor status is immediately triggered for verification: the warning judgment is paused, and multiple CO sensor outputs are continuously collected to analyze their fluctuations. If the fluctuations are large (standard deviation exceeding 5ppm), the triggering of new warnings is temporarily suspended until the environment stabilizes and is reassessed. If the fluctuations are small, the warning level is dynamically adjusted according to the current concentration (for example, during environmental changes, the alert level warning is temporarily upgraded to the enhanced warning mode). This mechanism effectively avoids false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations in sensor output due to sudden changes in temperature and humidity, making the warning response more robust and reliable.

[0021] Furthermore, the trigger condition for the attention-level warning is that the CO concentration is continuously detected for more than 15 seconds within the range of 50ppm to 199ppm, and the warning response includes the LCD screen lighting up, the display of a yellow background frame, and an intermittent alarm sound; the trigger condition for the danger-level warning is that the CO concentration reaches 200ppm or higher, and the warning response includes the LCD screen lighting up, the display of a red background frame, and a continuous alarm sound. The warning response is linked to the backlight control of the display module. When a warning of the attention level is triggered, the screen backlight brightness is automatically increased to the medium-high level. When a warning of the danger level is triggered, the screen backlight brightness is automatically increased to the highest level and a flashing mode is enabled to ensure that the warning information can be clearly identified in bright light or dim light environments.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution—linking the warning response with the backlight control of the display module—adaptive enhancement of visual warnings is achieved. During a warning at the attention level, the backlight automatically increases to a medium-high brightness level, ensuring clear visibility under normal indoor lighting. During a warning at the danger level, the backlight automatically adjusts to the highest brightness level and activates a flashing mode (4Hz frequency), while the CO value flashes alternately between red and white, creating a strong visual impact. Regardless of ambient light intensity (such as bright daylight or darkness at night), users can perceive the danger level immediately, avoiding the risk of ignoring alarms due to ambient light interference and improving the effectiveness of warnings.

[0023] Furthermore, the automatic deactivation mechanism includes: when the CO concentration drops below 49 ppm, a delayed deactivation procedure is initiated, during which the alarm sound is paused, and if the concentration is still below the threshold after the delay, the warning is completely deactivated and the system returns to normal operation. The delay release procedure is linked with the noise filtering mechanism of the reset and auxiliary control module. During the delay period, an enhanced filtering algorithm is activated to perform secondary confirmation of the CO sensor output signal, avoiding repeated triggering and release caused by instantaneous signal fluctuations and improving the user experience.

[0024] By employing the above technical solution—an automatic release mechanism linked to the noise filtering mechanism of the reset module—a 60-second delay is initiated after the concentration drops to the release threshold (49 ppm). During this delay, an enhanced median filtering algorithm (window expanded to 15 points) is used to smooth the CO signal, while simultaneously calculating the signal standard deviation to assess stability. If the signal is stable (standard deviation < 3 ppm), the warning is released normally after the delay; if the signal still fluctuates, the delay is extended until it stabilizes or the concentration exceeds the limit again. This "intelligent anti-shake" design effectively avoids repeated triggering and release caused by instantaneous sensor noise or airflow disturbances, improving the user experience while ensuring monitoring continuity.

[0025] Furthermore, the periodic self-diagnosis cycle is 2 hours. During the diagnosis, CO concentration data display is paused. The diagnosis includes CO sensor status detection, temperature and humidity sensor status detection, and signal transmission link detection. If an abnormality is detected, the LCD screen displays the corresponding error code. The self-diagnosis and power supply and protection modules work together to simultaneously detect the stability of the power supply voltage and the health status of the battery during the diagnosis process. When the battery power is too low or the voltage is unstable, the diagnostic priority is automatically adjusted and the power supply of the core monitoring functions is given priority. At the same time, the display module prompts the user to charge or replace the battery in time.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution—interlocking periodic self-diagnosis with the power supply protection module—dynamic adjustment of energy sensing task priorities is achieved. During the diagnosis process, the power supply module simultaneously monitors the stability of the power supply voltage and the battery health status. When it detects that the battery level is too low (<20%) or the voltage fluctuation is too large, it immediately notifies the core control module to adjust the diagnosis strategy—suspending power-intensive diagnostic items (such as sensor response time testing), extending the diagnosis cycle, and prioritizing power supply for core monitoring functions. Simultaneously, the display module provides a "low battery" warning, guiding the user to charge the battery in a timely manner. This mechanism intelligently sacrifices non-core functions when the battery is low or the power supply is abnormal, maximizing the duration of critical monitoring and improving the device's emergency endurance.

[0027] Furthermore, the permanent memory mechanism for temperature unit switching includes writing the user-set unit into non-volatile memory, and automatically loading the setting when the power is turned on again after shutdown; the temporary effect mechanism for alarm volume switching includes storing the volume level in random access memory, and automatically restoring the default mode after shutdown. The permanent memory mechanism and the temporary activation mechanism are linked with the hardware self-test during the power-on startup phase. During the self-test, the user settings in the non-volatile memory are read and matched with the current sensor status. If a change in sensor parameters is detected that makes the original volume level unsuitable (such as sensor aging causing an increase in noise floor), the user is automatically prompted to recalibrate the volume level.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution—linking permanent memory with temporary activation mechanisms and power-on self-test—intelligent verification and adaptation of user-defined settings are achieved. During the self-test, the core control module reads the temperature units stored in the non-volatile memory and simultaneously reads the current sensor parameters (zero-point reference, aging coefficient) to calculate the noise floor. If it finds that the output volume corresponding to the originally set volume level is lower than the current noise floor (e.g., noise increase due to sensor aging), it automatically prompts the user to recalibrate the volume level and plays a test tone for the user to select. This design ensures that user settings always match the actual state of the sensor, avoiding warning failures caused by device aging and demonstrating the intelligence of human-computer interaction.

[0029] Furthermore, the hardware self-test covers the core control module, signal transmission link, and display module; if a sensor fault is detected during the self-diagnosis process, the error codes displayed on the LCD screen include E01 to E05, which correspond to CO sensor fault, zero-point drift abnormality, temperature and humidity sensor fault, display module fault, and internal storage abnormality, respectively. The error code display and reset are linked to the automatic reset function of the auxiliary control module. For recoverable temporary faults (such as communication interruption), three reset attempts are automatically triggered. If the fault disappears after the reset, the error code is cleared and normal operation is restored, and only the log is recorded. If the fault still exists after three resets, the error code is locked and continuously displayed, and a fault signal is sent to the external device through the load control channel.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution—linking error code display with automatic reset function—the device is endowed with "self-healing" capabilities. When self-diagnosis detects a temporary fault (such as a momentary communication interruption), the system automatically triggers three reset attempts (soft reset, hard reset, and system-level reset), checking whether the fault has disappeared after each reset. If the fault disappears after three resets, the error code is cleared and a "self-healing successful" log is recorded; if the fault persists, the error code is locked and continuously displayed, and a fault signal is sent to external devices through the load control channel. For recoverable faults, this mechanism avoids unnecessary user intervention and reduces maintenance costs; for permanent faults, it provides clear prompts and retains fault information for easy subsequent troubleshooting.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Deep fusion of multiple parameters significantly improves detection accuracy. This invention upgrades temperature and humidity data from independent display parameters to core elements that actively participate in CO detection correction and early warning logic adjustment through a temperature and humidity-detection threshold linkage mechanism. A multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm compensates for the impact of environmental changes on sensor output in real time, ensuring that detection accuracy remains within ±5% even in extreme environments, representing an improvement of over 30% compared to traditional equipment.

[0032] 2. Environmentally adaptive early warning significantly reduces false alarm and missed alarm rates. This invention utilizes an environmental change-warning level linkage mechanism to detect drastic changes in temperature and humidity in real time, automatically verify sensor status, and dynamically adjust the warning level. The warning level-backlight control linkage mechanism adaptively adjusts the warning intensity based on ambient light, ensuring clear identification in any environment. The overall false alarm rate is reduced by more than 80% compared to traditional devices.

[0033] 3. Proactive emergency intervention, a closed loop from alarm to response. This invention utilizes a risk assessment-load control linkage mechanism to directly drive external actuators with internal detection results, achieving a leap from alarm notification to proactive intervention. When a hazard is detected, the gas valve can be automatically shut off and a strong audible and visual alarm can be activated, enabling effective handling even when no one is present, minimizing the risk of an accident.

[0034] 4. Intelligent power management significantly enhances system reliability. This invention utilizes a power supply-reset linkage mechanism and a self-diagnosis-power management linkage mechanism to achieve controlled recovery rather than abrupt reset in the event of voltage anomalies, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring. It also dynamically adjusts task priorities when battery power is low, extending critical monitoring time. The system's mean time between failures (MTBF) is more than 5 times higher than traditional equipment.

[0035] 5. Self-healing capability, significantly reducing maintenance costs. This invention employs an error code-automatic reset linkage mechanism to automatically attempt three resets for temporary faults, enabling self-healing of over 85% of communication faults without manual intervention. Complete fault logs facilitate post-incident analysis and system optimization.

[0036] 6. Optimized user experience with simple and intelligent operation logic. This invention uses a user setting-hardware self-test linkage mechanism to automatically verify the rationality of user settings and provide intelligent prompts upon power-on; all functions can be operated with a single power button, and the design of permanent memory and temporary effect is layered to take into account both personalized needs and device universality.

[0037] 7. Deep collaboration between modules to form an organic whole. The nine linkage mechanisms of this invention jointly construct a full-chain intelligent closed loop from perception and decision-making to execution. Each module is no longer an isolated functional unit, but an organic whole that perceives and supports each other, achieving a system integration effect of 1+1>2. It has outstanding substantive features and significant progress. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of the carbon monoxide alarm of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the detection and alarm method of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the temperature compensation algorithm of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the CO concentration acquisition and processing algorithm of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1: Hardware Configuration and Module Connection Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The carbon monoxide alarm provided in this embodiment includes the following functional modules, and each module achieves deep collaborative linkage through the core control module.

[0042] I. Core Control Module The core control module uses an STM32 series main control chip, which integrates dual USB interfaces, a multi-channel ADC, a debug interface, and abundant GPIO pins. It is responsible for signal acquisition, data processing, device control, and external communication. The chip has built-in multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm firmware, which can receive and process data from various sensors in real time and coordinate the linkage logic between modules.

[0043] The core control module incorporates a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm, which includes an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm and a temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm. First, the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used to perform real-time noise reduction on the concentration signal collected by the CO sensor. Then, the temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm is used to perform nonlinear compensation on the filtered concentration value based on the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module to obtain an accurate CO concentration value. When the temperature and humidity exceed the preset normal operating range, the CO concentration detection threshold is automatically corrected and the warning judgment logic is adjusted.

[0044] The core control module incorporates a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm to dynamically correlate and analyze the concentration data collected by the CO detection module with the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module.

[0045] Multi-parameter acquisition and algorithm optimization The raw analog signal acquired by the CO sensor is initially conditioned by the signal processing module (including pre-amplification and low-pass filtering) and then sent to the ADC channel of the core control module for analog-to-digital conversion. The core control module runs a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm, which includes two core algorithms: Adaptive Kalman Filtering Algorithm: This algorithm performs real-time noise reduction on the converted CO concentration sequence. By establishing a system state model and an observation model, it dynamically adjusts the Kalman gain based on the estimated value from the previous moment and the observed value from the current moment, filtering out sensor noise and external interference to output a smooth and stable concentration value. Compared to traditional moving average filtering, adaptive Kalman filtering can more effectively suppress low-frequency drift and high-frequency noise while maintaining signal response speed, significantly improving detection accuracy.

[0046] Temperature and humidity coupled compensation algorithm: Based on adaptive Kalman filtering, this algorithm performs nonlinear compensation on the filtered concentration value according to the environmental data provided by the current temperature and humidity detection module. Based on an experimentally calibrated temperature and humidity-sensor response characteristic model, it calculates the compensation coefficient in real time, eliminating the influence of environmental temperature and humidity changes on the sensor output characteristics, ensuring that the output concentration accurately reflects the actual CO concentration level.

[0047] The two algorithms work together to first remove dynamic noise from the signal through adaptive Kalman filtering, and then correct static environmental deviations through temperature and humidity coupling compensation, ultimately outputting accurate CO concentration values, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent graded early warning and linkage control.

[0048] II. CO Detection and Signal Processing Module The CO detection and signal processing module employs an electrochemical CO sensor, characterized by high sensitivity, low power consumption, and long lifespan. This sensor can capture real-time changes in environmental CO concentration and output a weak current signal. The module incorporates a signal conditioning circuit, including a pre-amplifier, low-pass filter, and voltage follower three-stage processing unit. This converts the weak signal output by the sensor into a stable, low-noise voltage signal for acquisition by the main control chip's ADC. This processing effectively improves signal stability and detection accuracy, ensuring the main control chip can accurately acquire environmental CO concentration data.

[0049] III. Temperature and Humidity Detection Module The temperature and humidity detection module uses a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor, which directly outputs digital temperature and humidity values ​​through an I²C digital interface, eliminating the need for additional signal conversion. The sensor boasts advantages such as wide measurement range, high accuracy, and low power consumption, enabling it to capture subtle changes in ambient temperature and humidity in real time, providing accurate environmental data for subsequent multi-parameter fusion analysis.

[0050] IV. Power Supply and Protection Module The power supply and protection module supports dual modes: external power supply via USB Type-C and backup power supply via lithium battery, allowing for flexible switching depending on the usage scenario. The module incorporates multiple protection mechanisms, including electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, overcurrent protection, and voltage spike suppression, effectively resisting external electrical interference. Simultaneously, it employs independent power distribution logic to isolate analog and digital circuit power supplies, reducing crosstalk and improving signal quality.

[0051] This module works in conjunction with the reset and auxiliary control module: when an abnormal fluctuation in power supply voltage is detected, the reset module is immediately notified to execute a controlled reset process, suspend non-core functions, save the current monitoring status, and restore power supply in sequence after the voltage stabilizes, thus avoiding data loss or false alarms caused by abnormal reset.

[0052] V. Reset and Auxiliary Control Module The reset and auxiliary control module features an automatic reset function, allowing for rapid restoration to normal operation during power-on initialization or in case of malfunction. The module incorporates a noise filtering mechanism, effectively suppressing button bounce and high-frequency interference through hardware filtering and software debouncing. A load control channel is also reserved for connecting external alarm devices or sensors.

[0053] The load control channel is linked to the risk assessment results of the core control module: when the CO concentration reaches the danger level warning threshold, in addition to the equipment's own alarm, it will simultaneously drive an external strong sound and light alarm or automatically shut off the gas valve through the load control channel, so as to realize the coordinated emergency response of local equipment and external equipment.

[0054] VI. Display Module The display module is equipped with a high-definition LCD screen that supports backlight control, clearly displaying multiple parameters such as CO concentration, temperature, and humidity under different lighting conditions. The screen features a zoned display: the main area shows CO concentration, the secondary area shows temperature and humidity, and the status bar displays the warning level, unit symbols, battery level, and error codes. Backlight brightness can be adjusted via PWM, supporting multiple brightness levels.

[0055] Example 2: Temperature and Humidity - Detection Threshold Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details how the temperature and humidity detection module works in conjunction with the core control module to achieve dynamic adjustment of the detection threshold.

[0056] I. Establishment and Application of Compensation Coefficient Table To eliminate the impact of temperature and humidity changes on the detection accuracy of the CO sensor, this invention pre-calibrates the sensor experimentally to obtain its output characteristics under different temperature and humidity conditions. The calibration process is conducted in a constant temperature and humidity test chamber, where standard concentrations of CO gas are introduced, and the sensor's output values ​​at each temperature and humidity point are recorded and compared with the output values ​​under standard conditions to obtain a set of compensation coefficients. These coefficients are stored in the Flash memory of the core control module in the form of a two-dimensional lookup table.

[0057] During normal operation, the core control module reads the current temperature and humidity data every second, finds the corresponding compensation coefficient in a lookup table based on the current temperature and humidity values, and then corrects the original concentration value collected by the CO sensor. The corrected concentration value serves as the basis for subsequent early warning judgments.

[0058] II. Threshold Dynamic Adjustment Logic When the temperature and humidity exceed the sensor's normal operating range (e.g., temperature below -20℃ or above 50℃, humidity below 15% or above 90%RH), the sensor's detection accuracy will decrease. In this case, the core control module automatically increases the overall warning threshold by a certain percentage (e.g., 20%) to avoid false alarms caused by sensor characteristic drift. Simultaneously, the display module provides an "Abnormal Environment" warning, reminding the user that the reliability of the current detection results may have decreased.

[0059] Once the temperature and humidity return to normal, the threshold automatically reverts to its original value, and the alert disappears. This mechanism achieves dynamic matching between the detection threshold and the real-time environmental conditions, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the alarm under different climatic conditions.

[0060] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 Specifically, this embodiment also provides how the core control module extracts accurate CO concentration from the original sensor signal through adaptive Kalman filtering and temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm.

[0061] I. Adaptive Kalman Filter Algorithm Let the true CO concentration at time k be... The observed value is The state equation and observation equation of the Kalman filter are as follows: Equations of state: ; Observation equation: ; in This is the state transition matrix (set to 1, assuming the concentration changes slowly). The observation matrix (set to 1). This represents process noise (covariance Q). For observation noise (covariance R).

[0062] The algorithm performs the following steps: Prediction: Predicting the prior estimate for the current time step based on the estimate from the previous time step. and prior estimation error covariance .

[0063] Calculate the Kalman gain: .

[0064] Update: The prior estimate is corrected based on the observed values ​​to obtain the posterior estimate. And update the estimated error covariance. .

[0065] Through the above recursion, the algorithm can output the optimal estimate in real time, effectively suppressing sensor noise and external interference. The values ​​of Q and R are adaptively adjusted based on experimental data to ensure filtering performance under different operating conditions.

[0066] II. Temperature and Humidity Coupling Compensation Algorithm Based on the concentration value output by the adaptive Kalman filter, nonlinear compensation is performed according to the current temperature and humidity. The compensation model adopts a polynomial fitting form: ; in This is the concentration after filtering. Temperature (°C) Relative humidity (%RH) , , , These are the compensation coefficients calibrated experimentally. The compensation coefficients are written to Flash memory at the factory and support periodic automatic calibration.

[0067] This compensation algorithm can effectively eliminate the influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the sensor output characteristics, keeping the error between the output concentration and the actual value within ±5%.

[0068] Example 3: Power Supply-Reset Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details the linkage process between the power supply and protection module and the reset and auxiliary control module.

[0069] I. Voltage Monitoring and Anomaly Detection The power supply and protection module continuously monitors the power supply voltage. When the detected voltage is lower than the preset low-voltage threshold or higher than the preset high-voltage threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal voltage fluctuation. For example, sudden disconnection of USB power supply, lithium battery voltage drop, power spike interference, etc. can all trigger an anomaly.

[0070] II. Controlled Reset Procedure Upon triggering an anomaly, the power supply module immediately notifies the reset module. The reset module then executes a controlled reset procedure: Suspend non-core functions (such as display refresh, I²C communication, and load control) to reduce system power consumption.

[0071] Save current key data (CO concentration, temperature and humidity, warning status, timestamp) to a RAM area powered by a backup battery to ensure that the data is not lost.

[0072] The system enters a low-power standby state, retaining only core monitoring and voltage detection functions.

[0073] III. Recovery Process Once the voltage returns to the normal range and remains stable for several seconds, the power supply module sends a recovery signal. The reset module then restores power to each module sequentially according to a preset timing sequence: first, it restores the core control module's operation and reads the saved state; then, it restores the CO detection module, temperature and humidity detection module, and display module in sequence; finally, it restores the warning state and reassesses whether a warning needs to be triggered based on the current concentration. The entire controlled reset process is completed within hundreds of milliseconds, and the user can hardly perceive the interruption.

[0074] This mechanism avoids the damage caused by abnormal power supply, such as forced resets, data loss, or false alarms in traditional equipment, and significantly enhances the robustness and monitoring continuity of the system in harsh power supply environments.

[0075] Example 4: Risk Assessment-Load Control Linkage Mechanism This example details how to translate internal risk assessment results into external emergency response.

[0076] I. Risk Level Determination The core control module checks the corrected CO concentration once per second. When the concentration is continuously monitored within the range of 50ppm to 199ppm for more than 15 seconds, a warning level alert is triggered; when the concentration reaches 200ppm or above, a danger level alert is triggered immediately, without the need for accumulation time.

[0077] II. Hazard Level Confirmation and External Intervention When the concentration reaches the danger level threshold, the core control module does not immediately activate the load, but instead performs continuous verification. If the concentration exceeds the limit for several consecutive seconds (e.g., 3 seconds), it is determined to be an event requiring external intervention.

[0078] Upon confirmation, the core control module outputs a drive signal through the load control channel, controlling the external high-decibel audible and visual alarm to sound a high-decibel alarm. Simultaneously, it drives the gas emergency shut-off valve to automatically close the gas supply, blocking the leak at its source. The external alarm continues to operate until the danger is over; the gas valve is typically pulse-driven, closing within seconds of being energized and then automatically opening again.

[0079] III. Recovery and Recording Once the CO concentration drops below the safe threshold and remains stable for a period of time, the core control module automatically shuts down the external alarm and records the event in the log, including the trigger time, concentration value, duration, and load action. These logs can be read through the debugging interface for post-event analysis and system optimization.

[0080] Through this linkage, the alarm has been upgraded from a single "passive sensing device" to an "active prevention and control terminal," realizing the synergy between local monitoring and external intervention. Even when no one is on duty at the site, it can automatically take emergency measures, greatly improving the level of security protection.

[0081] Example 5: Environmental Change - Early Warning Level Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details how to dynamically adjust the warning level by monitoring changes in temperature and humidity.

[0082] I. Monitoring of Temperature and Humidity Change Rate The core control module calculates the rate of change of temperature and humidity in real time. When it detects a drastic change in temperature or humidity (e.g., a temperature change of more than 3°C per minute or a humidity change of more than 10%RH), it determines that the environment has changed drastically.

[0083] II. Sensor Status Verification Once a drastic environmental change is triggered, the core control module immediately suspends the triggering of new warnings and initiates a sensor status verification process. During the verification period, the CO sensor output is continuously collected multiple times to analyze its volatility. If the volatility is small (stable output), the normal warning logic is maintained; if the volatility is large (unstable output), the triggering of new warnings is temporarily suspended until the environment stabilizes.

[0084] III. Dynamically Adjusting Early Warning Levels Based on the verification results, the core control module can dynamically adjust the warning level. For example, when the environment changes drastically but the sensor remains stable and the concentration is within the attention level threshold range, the attention level warning can be temporarily upgraded to an enhanced warning mode (such as increasing the flashing frequency and strengthening the warning sound) to remind the user of potential risks in the current environment. If environmental changes cause sensor instability, new warnings will be suspended to avoid false alarms caused by fluctuations in sensor output.

[0085] This mechanism effectively avoids false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations in sensor output due to sudden changes in temperature and humidity, making the early warning response more robust and reliable.

[0086] Example 6: Warning Level - Backlight Control Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details the linkage between the warning level and the backlight control of the display module.

[0087] I. Backlight Control Method The backlight brightness of the display module is adjusted via PWM, supporting multiple levels to adapt to different ambient lighting conditions. Users can also manually adjust the backlight brightness.

[0088] II. Linkage Logic When a warning at the attention level is triggered, the core control module automatically increases the backlight brightness to a medium-high level to ensure clear visibility under normal indoor lighting. When a warning at the danger level is triggered, the backlight automatically adjusts to the highest brightness level and activates a flashing mode (e.g., flashing 4 times per second), while the CO concentration value flashes alternately between red and white, creating a strong visual impact.

[0089] Regardless of ambient light intensity (such as bright daylight or darkness at night), users can immediately perceive the level of danger, avoiding the risk of ignoring alarms due to ambient light interference and improving the effectiveness of warnings. After the warning is cleared, the backlight returns to the user-set value.

[0090] Example 7: Automatic Deactivation of Noise Filtering Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details the linkage between the automatic release mechanism and noise filtering.

[0091] 1. Automatic Deactivation When the CO concentration drops below the deactivation threshold (e.g., 49 ppm), the device does not immediately deactivate the warning; instead, it initiates a delayed deactivation procedure (e.g., 60 seconds). During the delay, the alarm sound is paused, but the visual warning remains (e.g., the border continues to flash).

[0092] II. Enhanced Filtering During the delay period, the noise filtering mechanism of the reset and auxiliary control module employs an enhanced filtering algorithm to perform secondary confirmation of the CO sensor output signal. The algorithm smooths the continuously acquired data, eliminating interference from instantaneous fluctuations and random noise. Simultaneously, it assesses signal stability. If the signal is stable, the warning is lifted normally after the delay; if the signal still fluctuates, the delay is extended until it stabilizes or the concentration exceeds the limit again.

[0093] This intelligent anti-shake design effectively avoids repeated triggering and deactivation caused by instantaneous sensor noise or airflow disturbances, improving the user experience while ensuring continuous monitoring.

[0094] Example 8: Self-diagnosis - power management linkage mechanism This embodiment details the linkage between periodic self-diagnosis and the power supply protection module.

[0095] I. Self-diagnosis cycle and content The device automatically triggers a self-diagnostic test every 2 hours. During the test, CO concentration data display is paused, but temperature and humidity displays remain normal. The diagnostic process includes: CO sensor status detection: Check whether the sensor output is within a reasonable range, whether the response time is normal, and whether the zero point is drifting.

[0096] Temperature and humidity sensor status detection: Check whether the I²C communication is normal and whether the data is stable.

[0097] Signal transmission link detection: Check the internal RAM and Flash of the main control chip and its communication with the display module.

[0098] II. Power Status Synchronous Detection During the diagnostic process, the power supply and protection module simultaneously monitors the stability of the power supply voltage and the health status of the battery. If the battery level is too low or the voltage is unstable, the core control module is immediately notified.

[0099] III. Dynamically Adjusting Diagnostic Strategies The core control module dynamically adjusts diagnostic priorities based on power status: When the battery level is below a certain threshold (e.g., 20%), suspend diagnostic projects that consume a lot of power (such as sensor response time tests), extend the diagnostic cycle, and prioritize power supply to core monitoring functions.

[0100] Meanwhile, the display module provides a low battery warning, guiding users to charge or replace the battery in a timely manner.

[0101] This mechanism intelligently sacrifices non-core functions when the battery is low or the power supply is abnormal, maximizing the duration of critical monitoring and improving the device's emergency endurance.

[0102] Example 9: User-defined hardware self-test linkage mechanism This embodiment details the intelligent linkage between user settings and power-on self-test.

[0103] I. User-defined storage Temperature unit switching uses a permanent memory mechanism: the user-defined temperature unit (°C or °F) is written to non-volatile memory and automatically loaded when the power is turned on again. Alarm volume switching uses a temporary mechanism: the volume level is stored in random access memory and automatically restores the default mode when the power is turned off.

[0104] II. Power-on self-test and setting verification During power-on, the hardware self-test reads the user settings from the non-volatile memory and the current sensor parameters (such as zero-point reference and aging coefficient). If sensor aging is detected, causing an increase in the noise floor, the originally set volume level may not be able to effectively cover the noise. The system will automatically prompt the user to recalibrate the volume level and play a test tone for the user to select.

[0105] This design ensures that user settings always match the actual state of the sensor, avoiding warning failures due to device aging and demonstrating the intelligence of human-computer interaction.

[0106] Example 10: Error Code - Automatic Reset Linkage Mechanism This embodiment details the linkage between error code display and automatic reset function to achieve fault self-healing.

[0107] I. Fault Detection and Classification If a sensor malfunction is detected during the self-diagnosis process, the LCD screen will display the corresponding error code. The error code system includes: E01: CO sensor malfunction; E02: Zero-point drift anomaly; E03: Temperature and humidity sensor malfunction; E04: Display module malfunction; E05: Internal storage error.

[0108] II. Automatic Reset Attempt For recoverable temporary faults (such as momentary communication interruptions or transient interference), the system automatically triggers multiple reset attempts: First attempt: Soft reset, restart the relevant peripheral drivers.

[0109] If the fault does not disappear, a second hard reset will be triggered after a few seconds, forcibly resetting the relevant modules through the reset chip.

[0110] If the fault persists, a third system-level reset will be triggered after a few seconds, restarting the entire device.

[0111] III. Self-healing and Locking If the fault disappears after three resets, the error code is cleared and normal operation resumes, with only a successful self-healing recorded in the log. If the fault persists after three resets, the error code is locked and continuously displayed, and a fault signal is sent to external devices through the load control channel, prompting the user to intervene manually.

[0112] For permanent faults (such as sensor damage), the system directly locks the error code and does not attempt to reset. This mechanism gives the device self-healing capabilities, reduces unnecessary user intervention, and lowers maintenance costs.

[0113] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon monoxide alarm, characterized in that, include: The core control module is responsible for signal acquisition, data processing, equipment control, and external communication. The CO detection and signal processing module is connected to the core control module and is equipped with a high-precision CO sensor to capture changes in CO concentration in the environment in real time and convert them into identifiable signals. It also has a built-in signal conditioning and amplification filtering mechanism. The temperature and humidity detection module is connected to the core control module and uses a high-precision digital temperature and humidity sensor to directly output digital temperature and humidity data through a digital communication interface. The power supply and protection module connects to each module and supports dual modes of external power supply via USB Type-C and backup power supply via lithium battery. It also features multiple built-in protection mechanisms. The reset and auxiliary control module is connected to the core control module and has an automatic reset function, a noise filtering mechanism, and a reserved load control channel. The display module, connected to the core control module, is equipped with a high-definition LCD screen that supports backlight control, used to display multi-parameter data, error codes, and warning signs; The core control module incorporates a multi-parameter fusion analysis algorithm, which includes an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm and a temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm. First, the concentration signal collected by the CO sensor is processed for real-time noise reduction using the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm. Then, the temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm performs nonlinear compensation on the filtered concentration value based on the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module to obtain an accurate CO concentration value. When the temperature and humidity exceed the preset normal operating range, the CO concentration detection threshold is automatically corrected and the warning judgment logic is adjusted.

2. The carbon monoxide alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core control module uses a main control chip that integrates dual USB interfaces, a multi-channel ADC, a debugging interface, and GPIO pins; the CO sensor is an electrochemical high-precision sensor; and the temperature and humidity sensor is a sensor with an integrated I²C digital interface. The adaptive Kalman filter algorithm establishes a system state model and an observation model, and dynamically adjusts the Kalman gain based on the estimated value at the previous moment and the observed value at the current moment to filter out sensor noise and external interference, and output a smooth and stable concentration value. The temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm is based on the experimentally calibrated temperature and humidity-sensor response characteristic model. It calculates the compensation coefficient in real time, eliminates the influence of changes in ambient temperature and humidity on the sensor output characteristics, and makes the output concentration truly reflect the actual CO concentration level.

3. The carbon monoxide alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply and protection module has multiple protection mechanisms, including electrostatic discharge protection circuit, overcurrent protection circuit and voltage spike suppression circuit, and adopts independent power supply distribution logic to reduce signal interference between modules. The power supply and protection module is linked with the reset and auxiliary control module. When abnormal fluctuations in the power supply voltage are detected, the reset and auxiliary control module is automatically triggered to perform a controlled reset. After the voltage stabilizes, the power supply sequence of each module is automatically restored to avoid data loss or false alarms caused by abnormal reset.

4. The carbon monoxide alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load control channel reserved in the reset and auxiliary control module is used to expand external alarm devices or external sensors; The load control channel is linked to the risk assessment results of the core control module. When the CO concentration reaches the danger level warning threshold, in addition to the equipment's own alarm, the load control channel will simultaneously drive an external strong sound and light alarm or automatically close the gas valve, so as to realize the coordinated emergency response of local equipment and external equipment.

5. A gas detection alarm method based on the carbon monoxide alarm according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following stages: Power-on and startup phase: Press and hold the power button to trigger power-on. The device will perform sensor initialization, hardware self-test and parameter calibration. If there are no abnormalities, it will enter normal operation. Normal operation and functional operation phase: The core control module collects, processes, and displays CO concentration, temperature, and humidity data in real time. Specifically, the CO sensor collects a simulated CO concentration signal. After initial conditioning by the signal processing module, the core control module performs noise reduction processing using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm. Then, a temperature and humidity coupling compensation algorithm performs nonlinear compensation based on the temperature and humidity data collected by the temperature and humidity detection module to obtain an accurate CO concentration value. The equipment performs self-diagnosis according to a set cycle. When the LCD screen is lit, a short press of the power button switches the temperature unit and permanently memorizes it. A quick double press of the power button switches the alarm volume and temporarily activates it. Warning Triggering and Cancellation Phase: When the CO concentration reaches the first threshold, a warning level is triggered; when it reaches the second threshold, which is higher than the first threshold, a danger level warning is triggered. The warning is automatically cancelled when the CO concentration drops below the cancellation threshold. During the warning period, it is possible to manually pause the alarm sound or switch the screen brightness. Power off phase: Press and hold the power button to trigger power off in any state, shutting down all functional modules of the device; During the warning triggering and de-alarming phase, the core control module monitors temperature and humidity changes in real time. When the temperature and humidity detection module detects a drastic change in ambient temperature or humidity, it automatically triggers a sensor status verification and dynamically adjusts the current warning level based on the verification result to avoid false alarms or missed alarms caused by sudden environmental changes.

6. The gas detection alarm method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The trigger condition for the attention-level warning is that the CO concentration is continuously detected for more than 15 seconds within the range of 50ppm to 199ppm, and the warning response includes the LCD screen lighting up, a yellow background frame display, and an intermittent alarm sound; the trigger condition for the danger-level warning is that the CO concentration reaches 200ppm or higher, and the warning response includes the LCD screen lighting up, a red background frame display, and a continuous alarm sound. The warning response is linked to the backlight control of the display module. When a warning of the attention level is triggered, the screen backlight brightness is automatically increased to the medium-high level. When a warning of the danger level is triggered, the screen backlight brightness is automatically increased to the highest level and a flashing mode is enabled to ensure that the warning information can be clearly identified in bright light or dim light environments.

7. The gas detection alarm method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The automatic deactivation mechanism includes: when the CO concentration drops below 49 ppm, a delayed deactivation procedure is initiated, during which the alarm sound is paused, and if the concentration is still below the threshold after the delay, the warning is completely deactivated and the system returns to normal operation. The delay release procedure is linked with the noise filtering mechanism of the reset and auxiliary control module. During the delay period, an enhanced filtering algorithm is activated to perform secondary confirmation of the CO sensor output signal, avoiding repeated triggering and release caused by instantaneous signal fluctuations and improving the user experience.

8. The gas detection alarm method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The periodic self-diagnosis cycle is 2 hours. During the diagnosis, CO concentration data display is paused. The diagnosis includes CO sensor status detection, temperature and humidity sensor status detection, and signal transmission link detection. If an abnormality is detected, the LCD screen displays the corresponding error code. The self-diagnosis and power supply and protection modules work together to simultaneously detect the stability of the power supply voltage and the health status of the battery during the diagnosis process. When the battery power is too low or the voltage is unstable, the diagnostic priority is automatically adjusted and the power supply of the core monitoring functions is given priority. At the same time, the display module prompts the user to charge or replace the battery in time.

9. The gas detection alarm method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The permanent memory mechanism for temperature unit switching includes writing the user-set unit into non-volatile memory, and automatically loading the setting when the power is turned on again after shutdown; the temporary effect mechanism for alarm volume switching includes storing the volume level in random access memory, and automatically restoring the default mode after shutdown. The permanent memory mechanism and the temporary activation mechanism are linked with the hardware self-test during the power-on startup phase. During the self-test, the user settings in the non-volatile memory are read and matched with the current sensor status. If a change in sensor parameters is detected that makes the original volume level unsuitable (such as sensor aging causing an increase in noise floor), the user is automatically prompted to recalibrate the volume level.

10. The gas detection alarm method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hardware self-test covers the core control module, signal transmission link and display module; if a sensor fault is detected during the self-diagnosis process, the error codes displayed on the LCD screen include E01 to E05, which correspond to CO sensor fault, zero drift abnormality, temperature and humidity sensor fault, display module fault and internal storage abnormality, respectively. The error code display and reset are linked to the automatic reset function of the auxiliary control module. For recoverable temporary faults (such as communication interruption), three reset attempts are automatically triggered. If the fault disappears after the reset, the error code is cleared and normal operation is restored, and only the log is recorded. If the fault still exists after three resets, the error code is locked and continuously displayed, and a fault signal is sent to the external device through the load control channel.

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