A two-way alarm intelligent safety belt and safety management system based on dynamic partition supervision

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of two-way alarm intelligent safety belt and safety management system based on dynamic partition supervision.The safety belt includes body, hook, standby state detection unit, height difference detection unit and control unit.The standby state detection unit detects the state of the hook through the storage structure, and only activates the height difference detection when the hook enters the working state, eliminating false alarms when walking;The height difference detection unit measures the height difference between the hook and the body reference point, and generates an alarm when the safety threshold is not reached within the preset time.For the double-hook scenario, the system accurately identifies "double-rope violations" and normal alternating hitching through various state combination logic.The safety management system includes a background, which can dynamically define an electronic fence and configure a number threshold, enabling both regional overstaffing and understaffing to be alarmed.The application realizes local and backend two-way linkage alarm, effectively solving the problems of high false alarm rate, non-adaptation to double-rope usage habits, static supervision, etc., and is suitable for various scenarios such as construction and high-altitude projects in scenic areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety protection equipment and on-site monitoring technology, specifically to a two-way alarm intelligent safety belt and safety management system based on dynamic zone monitoring. The technical solution described in this invention is not only applicable to building construction scenarios, but also to scenarios requiring high-altitude operation safety monitoring, such as scenic spots, theme parks, aerial work platforms, power towers, and wind turbine maintenance. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, safety belts are the core protective equipment for ensuring the safety of workers at heights and tourists in scenarios such as building construction, high-altitude projects in scenic areas (such as glass walkways, rock climbing, and cable cars), and power maintenance. Traditional safety belts only provide passive physical protection and cannot effectively monitor whether they are worn and used correctly. Therefore, in recent years, various intelligent safety belts and monitoring systems have emerged, aiming to monitor the usage status of safety belts in real time through the integration of electronic sensors and wireless communication technology, thereby preventing falls from heights.

[0003] Existing technology, such as Chinese patent application CN120037617A, proposes a "safety belt system and judgment method for monitoring the working status of workers at heights." This solution includes a smart safety belt worn by the worker and a back-end monitoring and early warning system. The smart safety belt integrates a pressure sensor, a height positioning module (such as satellite positioning or UWB positioning), and a dynamic monitoring module based on an accelerometer and gyroscope. This solution can monitor the worker's height and the hook's engagement status, and comprehensively judge whether the safety belt is being used correctly by analyzing the worker's dynamics (such as climbing, moving, and falling), for example, determining whether it is "low-hook, high-use" or in a "lost protection" state. This technology, by integrating data from multiple sensors, improves the accuracy of safety belt usage status judgment to a certain extent and attempts to monitor it through a back-end system.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned existing technical solutions still have the following shortcomings in practical applications: (1) High false alarm rate during walking and preparation phases, affecting trust: Existing solutions typically activate monitoring through height thresholds (e.g., 2 meters) or hook pressure sensors. However, in actual operations, the hook inevitably sways when workers receive their safety harnesses, walk or climb before starting work, or move short distances on the work surface. This swaying is easily misjudged by the system as "the hook is not properly engaged" or generates abnormal acceleration data, thus triggering a large number of invalid alarms. Frequent false alarms not only distract workers but also severely reduce their trust in the alarm signals, leading to the alarms being ignored when real danger arrives, resulting in a "boy who cried wolf" effect.

[0005] (2) Insufficient adaptation to the usage habits of double-hook safety belts and flawed judgment logic: Currently, especially in fields such as construction, five-point double-hook safety belts are widely used. The correct usage guidelines require workers to alternately attach to the two hooks during movement, ensuring that at least one hook is always in a safe attachment state (i.e., "alternating attachment"). However, while existing technology can monitor the status of the two hooks, its judgment logic is often relatively simple and cannot accurately distinguish between "normal movement with alternating attachment" and "a violation where neither hook is correctly attached." This easily triggers false alarms when a worker is performing normal alternating attachment actions, due to the detection of one hook temporarily detaching, failing to truly align with actual work habits.

[0006] (3) Static regulatory strategies are difficult to match dynamically changing risk scenarios: Whether it is a high-risk engineering area in a construction site (such as a suspended platform operation area, tower crane material drop point, or deep foundation pit) or a special control area in a scenic spot (such as a glass walkway, undeveloped area, or cable car cabin), the scope of danger and control requirements (such as maximum capacity) change dynamically with the construction progress, population density, or weather conditions. Existing back-end monitoring systems typically use preset, static electronic fences and fixed population thresholds. When the fence range and the number of people controlled need to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation, real-time and dynamic configuration is not possible, leading to monitoring failure or a large number of invalid alarms.

[0007] (4) The alarm mechanism is simple and lacks two-way real-time linkage between local and back-end systems: Most of the alarms in the existing solutions are limited to local devices (such as issuing audible and visual alarms) or simply record the alarm information in the back-end for later review, lacking real-time linkage between local warnings and remote notifications. When operators fail to respond to local alarms in a timely manner for various reasons, back-end management personnel cannot be aware of the danger and intervene in time, missing the best opportunity for emergency response, resulting in management lag and blind spots.

[0008] (5) The monitoring function of personnel density in the area is limited and there are blind spots in management: Although the existing technology can locate personnel, it can often only achieve simple statistics on the number of people in the area. For high-risk work areas or equipment that require strict control of the number of personnel (such as the prohibition of overloading of suspended baskets, the requirement for double supervision for high-altitude edge work, and the need to control the instantaneous maximum load capacity of glass walkways), the existing technology cannot achieve two-way dynamic monitoring of "overload warning" and "underload warning", which poses safety hazards and cannot meet the needs of refined safety management.

[0009] Therefore, how to provide a safety belt management system that can fundamentally eliminate false alarms during walking, accurately adapt to the usage habits of double-rope safety belts, adjust monitoring strategies in real time according to dynamic scene changes, and realize two-way linkage alarms between local and back-end systems as well as refined personnel density control has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention aims to provide a two-way alarm intelligent safety belt and safety management system based on dynamic zone monitoring, thereby resolving the problems of high false alarm rate, inability to adapt to the usage habits of double-rope safety belts, inability to adjust monitoring strategies according to dynamic changes in the scenario, single alarm mechanism, and inability to accurately conduct two-way density risk warnings for personnel in the area in the existing technology.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A two-way alarm smart safety belt based on dynamic zone monitoring includes a safety belt body, a hook connected to a safety rope, a standby status detection unit, a height difference detection unit, and a control unit. The other end of the safety rope is connected to the safety belt body. The standby status detection unit is disposed on the safety belt body and is used to detect whether the hook is in a standby state. The height difference detection unit is used to detect the height difference between the hook and a preset reference point on the safety belt body. The control unit is connected to both the standby status detection unit and the height difference detection unit. The control unit is configured to: when the standby status detection unit detects that the hook has switched from a standby state to a working state, switch the height difference detection unit from a low-power mode to a working mode; when the height difference detected by the height difference detection unit does not reach a preset safety threshold within a preset time, generate an alarm command. This technical solution achieves intelligent identification of the hook status through the standby status detection unit, activating height difference detection only after the hook enters the working state, thereby completely eliminating false alarms during walking and carrying; simultaneously, through dual judgment of preset time and height threshold, it ensures accurate identification of the "low-hook, high-use" violation.

[0012] Preferably, the height difference detection unit includes a first height sensor disposed at the hook and a second height sensor disposed on the seat belt body; both the first and second height sensors employ any one of a MEMS barometric pressure sensor, an ultrasonic ranging sensor, or a laser time-of-flight sensor. This solution accurately calculates the height difference between two points through differential measurement, effectively eliminating common-mode errors caused by environmental factors (such as temperature and weather changes), achieving centimeter-level detection accuracy, and ensuring the reliability of the alarm.

[0013] Alternatively, the height difference detection unit employs a cable displacement sensor, with its cable end fixed to a preset reference point on the seat belt body and its spool end fixed to the hook. The height difference is obtained by measuring the cable extension length. This solution features a simple structure, direct measurement, and millimeter-level accuracy, making it suitable for scenarios requiring higher measurement precision.

[0014] Furthermore, the standby state detection unit includes a storage structure disposed on the seat belt body and a sensor disposed on the storage structure. When the hook is attached to the storage structure, the sensor is triggered, and the system determines that it is in standby state; when the hook is removed from the storage structure, the sensor is not triggered, and the system determines that it is in working state. The storage structure is an anti-detachment hook, and the sensor is a micro switch, a magnetic sensor, or an infrared photocell. This structural design utilizes physical structure to achieve state detection, which is low-cost, highly reliable, and easy to implement.

[0015] Furthermore, for a double-rope safety harness, there are two hooks connected to the safety rope, namely a first hook and a second hook. The standby state detection unit is used to detect the state of the first hook and the second hook respectively. The height difference detection unit is used to detect the height difference between the first hook and the second hook and the safety harness body respectively. The control unit has a built-in state machine, which is configured to output a corresponding judgment result based on the state combination of the first hook and the second hook, and whether the height difference between each hook and the safety harness body reaches a preset safety threshold. The judgment result includes double-rope violation, single-rope normal use, and double-rope normal use. This logic perfectly adapts to the actual usage habits of double-rope safety harnesses, accurately identifying violations without generating false alarms for normal alternating attachment actions.

[0016] Furthermore, the state machine is configured as follows: if both hooks are in standby mode, it is determined that they are not in use, and the monitoring function is silent; if at least one hook is in operation mode, monitoring is activated; if both hooks are in operation mode and the height difference between the two hooks does not reach the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the double rope is in violation, and an alarm command is generated; if both hooks are in operation mode and only the height difference between one hook reaches the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the single rope is in normal use, and no alarm is triggered; if both hooks are in operation mode and the height difference between the two hooks reaches the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the double rope is in normal use, and no alarm is triggered.

[0017] Furthermore, the control unit is configured to start timing after the system enters the operating state. If the height difference does not reach a preset safety threshold within a preset time, it is determined to be a violation of the rule of low mounting and high usage, and an alarm command is generated. More preferably, the preset time is 1 minute, and the preset safety threshold is 20 centimeters. The setting of this time and threshold has been verified through extensive experiments, which can ensure timely warning and avoid false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations.

[0018] Furthermore, the two-way alarm smart safety belt also includes a positioning unit for real-time acquisition of the wearer's location information; the control unit is connected to the positioning unit and is further configured to: receive dynamic electronic fence data sent from the background; if the location detected by the positioning unit enters a restricted area, an alarm command is generated. This function realizes area warning and can effectively prevent people from accidentally entering dangerous areas.

[0019] Furthermore, the two-way alarm smart safety belt also includes a wireless communication unit and an audible and visual alarm. The control unit is connected to both the wireless communication unit and the audible and visual alarm, and is further configured to: when an alarm command is generated, simultaneously execute local instant alerts and backend real-time uploads. Executing local instant alerts involves driving the audible and visual alarm to sound an alarm; the backend real-time upload involves uploading the alarm command to the backend management system in real time via the wireless communication unit. This two-way alarm mechanism forms a closed-loop management system: local alarms allow users to immediately perceive and correct errors, while backend alarms allow managers to monitor the situation in real time. Even if users ignore the alarm, the backend can remotely intervene or leave traces for accountability.

[0020] This invention also provides a safety management system, including a backend management system and multiple bidirectional alarm smart safety belts as described above. The backend management system is used for wireless communication with all bidirectional alarm smart safety belts, and includes a dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module and a personnel counting and dynamic alert module. The dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module is used to dynamically delineate electronic fence areas according to the real-time work scenario, and dynamically configure corresponding personnel thresholds for each area; the personnel thresholds include an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold. The personnel counting and dynamic alert module is used to receive location data reported by the bidirectional alarm smart safety belts in operation, and, based on the dynamically generated electronic fence, to count the number of people in each fenced area in real time. When the number of people in a certain area continuously falls below the lower limit or exceeds the upper limit, an area alarm command is generated, including an over-staff alarm command and an under-staff alarm command. The backend management system is also used to receive and process alarm commands reported by the bidirectional alarm smart safety belts and synchronously push them to the management personnel terminal. This safety management system achieves dynamic synchronization between regulatory strategies and scenario risks: it can automatically adjust electronic fences and personnel thresholds based on real-time changes such as construction progress and visitor flow in scenic areas, and simultaneously supports overcrowding and undercrowding warnings, filling the blind spots in existing technologies for monitoring regional personnel density.

[0021] Furthermore, the safety management system also includes an alarm and visualization module, used to push alarm information to managers in real time and highlight alarm areas on an electronic map, supporting simultaneous reception and viewing on PCs and mobile devices. The real-time operation scenarios include any one of the following: building construction, high-altitude projects in scenic areas, power system maintenance, wind power generation, high-altitude cleaning, and theme parks. This module greatly improves management efficiency, enabling managers to remotely and efficiently monitor the dynamic safety status on-site.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Complete elimination of false alarms: This invention innovatively utilizes the back anti-slip hook as a physical detection point for the "standby state". When the hook is reattached to the anti-slip hook, the system determines that it is in standby state, and all monitoring functions are silent; the system only activates monitoring when the hook is removed from the anti-slip hook. This design fundamentally solves the problem of false alarms during the preparation process of workers carrying, walking, and climbing, and improves the user's trust in the alarm signal. This design is also applicable to tourists in scenic areas. No false alarms will occur after tourists receive the safety belt but before they wear it correctly, thus improving the user experience.

[0023] (2) Compatible with double-rope scenarios and adaptable to various safety belt types: For the five-point double-rope safety belt widely used on construction sites, this invention designs a special state judgment logic. The system can intelligently identify five state combinations of the two hooks: an alarm is triggered only when neither hook is properly attached; it allows workers to alternate attachments during movement (i.e., at least one hook is always in a safe state), ensuring both safety and operational convenience; it also supports fixed operation scenarios where both ropes are attached simultaneously. This design enables this invention to be compatible with both single-rope and double-rope safety belt types, making it more widely applicable.

[0024] (3) Accurate "Low-mounted, high-use" judgment: This invention sets the height reference point on the back near the anti-detachment hook, making the judgment logic more consistent with actual working scenarios. High-precision MEMS barometric pressure sensors are used for differential measurement, achieving centimeter-level height difference detection accuracy (e.g., the ICP-10100 sensor has a height resolution of within 10cm), ensuring accurate and reliable judgment of the 20cm height threshold. Through algorithm optimization (such as Kalman filtering, moving average, etc.), false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations are further eliminated, effectively avoiding misjudgments caused by insufficient sensor accuracy or environmental changes.

[0025] (4) Two-way real-time alarm, forming a closed-loop management system: This invention realizes the synchronous linkage between local alerts and backend uploads. Local audible and visual alarms allow users (workers or tourists) to immediately perceive and correct errors, serving as the first line of defense in preventing accidents; real-time backend uploads push alarm information to management personnel, allowing them to keep track of the on-site dynamics in real time. Even if users ignore the alarm, the backend can remotely intervene or leave traces for accountability, realizing "on-site-remote" linkage management and forming a complete emergency response closed loop.

[0026] (5) Synchronization of regulatory strategies and scenario risks: This invention is the first to bind dynamically changing work scenarios (critical engineering areas on construction sites, special control areas in scenic spots) with safety belt regulatory strategies (electronic fences, personnel thresholds) in real time. The back-end management system can dynamically adjust the electronic fence range and personnel thresholds according to real-time changes in construction progress, population density, etc., so that safety supervision moves from "static preset" to "dynamic adaptation", which greatly improves the pertinence and effectiveness of supervision. This is the core innovation of this invention at the system level.

[0027] (6) Achieving two-way dynamic monitoring of regional personnel density: This invention can automatically issue warnings for overcrowding and undercrowding in different areas based on actual needs. In construction site scenarios, it can issue warnings for overloaded suspended platforms and violations by single individuals working at heights; in scenic area scenarios, it can issue warnings for flow control on glass walkways, overloaded cable car cabins, and unauthorized entry into undeveloped areas. This two-way dynamic monitoring of "overcrowding warning" and "undercrowding warning" fills the management blind spots of existing technologies and meets the needs of refined safety management.

[0028] (7) Significantly improved management efficiency: This invention pushes all alarm information (including violation type, personnel information, location, and time) to management personnel in real time and accurately, supporting simultaneous reception and viewing on PC and mobile devices. Management personnel can remotely and efficiently grasp the dynamic safety status of the site without being physically present, and respond to various abnormal events in a timely manner, greatly improving safety management efficiency.

[0029] (8) Wide range of applications: This invention is not only suitable for construction sites, but can also be widely used in various high-altitude operation scenarios such as scenic spots, theme parks, power operation and maintenance, wind power generation, and high-altitude cleaning. Whether it is for workers or tourists, whether it is a single rope or a double rope, this invention can provide accurate and reliable safety supervision, and has good versatility and market prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the smart seat belt described in this invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the logic for determining the status of the double-rope safety belt as described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic electronic fence management interface (construction site version) of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic electronic fence management interface (scenic area version) of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the two-way alarm process described in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0036] As shown in the figure: 1-Safety belt body; 2-Safety rope; 3-Hook; 4-Anti-detachment hook; 5-Sensor; 6-First height sensor; 7-Second height sensor; 8-Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Example 1: Single-hook smart safety belt

[0040] This embodiment provides a smart safety belt suitable for single-rope scenarios. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent safety belt includes a safety belt body 1, a safety rope 2, a hook 3, a standby status detection unit, a height difference detection unit, a control unit, a positioning unit, a wireless communication unit, and an audible and visual alarm.

[0041] The safety belt body 1 has a connecting ring on its back for connecting to the safety rope 2.

[0042] One end of the safety rope 2 is provided with a connecting hook (or connecting buckle), which is detachably hung on the connecting ring to connect the safety rope 2 to the safety belt body 1; the other end of the safety rope 2 is fixedly connected to the hook 3.

[0043] The standby state detection unit includes a storage structure and a sensor 5 mounted on the storage structure, which is an anti-detachment hook 4 mounted on the safety belt body 1. The sensor 5 includes, but is not limited to, any one of a micro switch, magnetic sensor, or infrared sensor, as long as it can detect whether the hook is attached to the anti-detachment hook. When the hook 3 is attached to the anti-detachment hook 4, the sensor 5 is triggered, and the standby state detection unit determines that the hook is in a "standby state." At this time, all system monitoring functions are silent to avoid false alarms during walking or preparation. When the hook 3 is removed from the anti-detachment hook 4, the sensor 5 is not triggered, the standby state detection unit determines that the hook has entered a "working state," and activates subsequent monitoring functions.

[0044] The height difference detection unit includes a first height sensor 6 located at the hook 3 and a second height sensor 7 located on the back of the safety belt body 1, near the anti-detachment hook 4. The first height sensor 6 detects the height of the hook's location, and the second height sensor 7 detects the "reference height." When the system enters "operation mode," the control unit calculates the height difference between the first and second height sensors in real time. Both the first and second height sensors 6 and 7 employ MEMS barometric pressure sensors (such as ICP-10100, BMP280, MS5611, etc.). Their working principle utilizes the variation of atmospheric pressure with altitude: near sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases by approximately 1 hPa for every 8.43 meters increase in altitude. By detecting the pressure difference between two points, the height difference between them can be calculated. The differential measurement method effectively eliminates common-mode errors caused by weather changes and temperature drift, achieving centimeter-level height difference detection accuracy. Experimental verification shows that using a high-precision MEMS barometric pressure sensor (such as the TDK ICP-10100, with a pressure resolution of up to 0.1 Pa and a corresponding height resolution of <10 cm), the measurement error for a 20 cm height difference can be controlled within ±5 cm under normal temperature and pressure conditions, fully meeting the "low-mounted, high-used" judgment requirement of this invention. Furthermore, through algorithm optimization (such as Kalman filtering and moving average), measurement stability can be further improved, eliminating false alarms caused by instantaneous fluctuations.

[0045] The control unit uses an STM32 series microcontroller (e.g., STM32F103) and is electrically connected to the standby status detection unit (sensor), height difference detection unit, positioning unit, wireless communication unit, and audible and visual alarm. The control unit is configured as follows: When the standby status detection unit detects that the hook has switched from standby status to "operation status", the height difference detection unit is activated; Once the system enters "operation status", it starts timing. If the height difference (hook height - back reference height) detected by the height difference detection unit does not reach the preset safety threshold (e.g., ≥ 20cm) within the preset time (e.g., 1 minute), it is determined to be a violation of "low hanging, high use" and a level 1 alarm command is generated.

[0046] In addition, the control unit is also used to receive dynamic electronic fence data issued by the background management system in Embodiment 5 or 6. If the location detected by the positioning unit enters the restricted area, a secondary alarm command is generated. The control unit, positioning unit, wireless communication unit, and audible and visual alarm are all installed in a control box 8.

[0047] It should be emphasized that the preset time and safety threshold can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario. For example, for some special operations, it can be set to 30 seconds or 10 cm, but in this embodiment, it is preferred to be 1 minute and 20 cm.

[0048] The positioning unit uses a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode module to acquire the wearer's location information in real time. When the control unit receives dynamic electronic fence data from the background, if it detects that the location has entered a restricted area, it generates a secondary alarm command, which also triggers the two-way alarm mechanism.

[0049] The wireless communication unit uses a 4G / 5G module to communicate with the background management system and send alarm commands, location information and device status to the background management system in real time.

[0050] The audible and visual alarm includes a buzzer and an LED light, used to receive instructions from the control unit and issue an alarm. Example 2: Double-hook smart safety belt

[0051] This embodiment provides a smart safety belt suitable for scenarios with dual lanyards. For example... Figure 1-3 As shown, the intelligent safety belt includes: a safety belt body 1, two safety ropes 2, two hooks 3 (first hook and second hook), a standby status detection unit, a height difference detection unit, a control unit, a positioning unit, a wireless communication unit, and an audible and visual alarm.

[0052] The safety belt body 1 has a connecting loop on its back for connecting with two safety ropes 2.

[0053] The two hooks 3 have the same structure and are each equipped with a safety rope 2. One end of each safety rope 2 is provided with a connecting hook (or connecting buckle). The connecting hook is detachably hung on the connecting ring to connect the safety rope 2 to the safety belt body 1. The other end of the safety rope 2 is fixedly connected to the corresponding hook 3 one-to-one.

[0054] The standby state detection unit includes two storage structures mounted on the safety belt body 1 and sensors 5 respectively mounted on each storage structure. The storage structures are anti-detachment hooks 4 (divided into a first anti-detachment hook and a second anti-detachment hook), with each structure storing the first hook and the second hook respectively (the first anti-detachment hook stores the first hook, and the second anti-detachment hook stores the second hook). The sensors 5 include, but are not limited to, any one of microswitches, magnetic sensors, or infrared sensors, as long as they can detect whether a hook is attached to an anti-detachment hook. When hook 3 is attached to the corresponding anti-detachment hook 4, the sensor is triggered, and the standby state detection unit determines that the hook is in a "standby state." At this time, all system monitoring functions are silent to avoid false alarms during walking or preparation. When hook 3 is removed from the corresponding anti-detachment hook 4, the sensor is not triggered, the standby state detection unit determines that the hook has entered a "working state," and activates subsequent monitoring functions.

[0055] The height difference detection unit includes a first height sensor 6 and a second height sensor 7. Two first height sensors 6 are respectively located at the first hook and the second hook. One second height sensor 7 is located on the back of the seatbelt body 1, near the anti-slip hook (as a common reference point). The height difference detection unit calculates the height difference between the first hook and the seatbelt body using the difference between the first and second height sensors on the first hook, and calculates the height difference between the second hook and the seatbelt body using the difference between the first and second height sensors on the second hook. Each sensor can be any one of a MEMS barometric pressure sensor, an ultrasonic ranging sensor, or a laser time-of-flight sensor, with the specific selection being the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0056] The control unit is electrically connected to the standby status detection unit, height difference detection unit, positioning unit, wireless communication unit, and audible and visual alarm, and it also uses an STM32 series microcontroller (e.g., STM32F103). The control unit is further configured as follows: Detect the status of the first and second hooks (determine whether the hooks have been removed from the back anti-slip hooks using the standby status detection unit); Detect the height difference between the first hook and the second hook (obtained through the height difference detection unit); If both hooks are in "standby mode" (i.e. both are hooked on the back anti-slip hook), it is determined to be "unused" and all monitoring functions are silent; If at least one hook is in "operational state" (i.e., removed from the back anti-slip hook), it is determined to be "in use" and subsequent monitoring is activated; If both hooks are in "operation status" (i.e. both are removed), but neither hook has reached the safe attachment height (i.e. the height difference has not reached the 20cm threshold), it is judged as "double rope violation" and a level one alarm command is generated. If both hooks are in "operation status", but only one hook reaches the safe attachment height (i.e., the height difference reaches the 20cm threshold), it is judged as "normal use of single rope" (i.e. the worker alternates attachments during movement) and no alarm is triggered; If both hooks are in "operation status" and both hooks have reached the safe attachment height (i.e., the height difference is 20cm), it is determined that "double ropes are in normal use" (i.e., the worker is attached to both ropes at the fixed work point at the same time) and no alarm is triggered.

[0057] The logic is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, this system perfectly adapts to the actual usage habits of double-hook safety harnesses. When workers alternate hooking the harness during movement, the system will not issue false alarms; if neither hook is properly engaged, the system will immediately sound an alarm. When an alarm command is generated, a two-way alarm mechanism is also executed.

[0058] Similarly, the control unit is also used to receive dynamic electronic fence data issued by the background management system in Embodiment 5 or 6. If the location detected by the positioning unit enters the restricted area, a secondary alarm command is generated. The control unit, positioning unit, wireless communication unit, and audible and visual alarm are all installed in a control box 8.

[0059] The specific selection and application of the positioning unit, wireless communication unit and audible and visual alarm are the same as in Embodiment 1. Example 3: Height difference detection scheme using a draw-wire displacement sensor

[0060] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 or 2 lies in the implementation method of the height difference detection unit. In this embodiment, the height difference detection unit uses a cable displacement sensor. The cable end is fixed to a preset reference point on the safety belt body (i.e., the back attachment point), and the spool end is fixed to the hook. When the hook is pulled up, the height difference between the hook and the reference point is directly obtained by measuring the length of the cable extension. This solution has a simple structure, direct measurement, and millimeter-level accuracy, making it suitable for scenarios with extremely high measurement accuracy requirements (such as operations in confined spaces). The output signal of the cable displacement sensor is an analog or digital signal, which is read by the control unit through an ADC or digital interface (such as SPI / I2C) and directly converted into a height difference value. It should be noted that since the cable displacement sensor directly measures the straight-line distance without differential calculation, it has stronger anti-interference capabilities, but during installation, it is necessary to ensure that the cable direction is consistent with the direction of height change. Example 4: Height difference detection scheme using ultrasonic / laser rangefinder sensors

[0061] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 or 2 is that the height difference detection unit uses an ultrasonic ranging sensor. The first and second height sensors measure their respective heights above the ground, and the height difference is obtained by calculating the difference between them. Ultrasonic sensors (such as the HC-SR04, with measurement accuracy down to the millimeter level) have the advantages of high accuracy and immunity to electromagnetic interference, making them suitable for operation in strong electromagnetic environments (such as high-voltage power towers). In the specific implementation, the sensor emits ultrasonic waves downwards, measures the echo time, and calculates the distance based on the speed of sound. The control unit needs to consider the effect of temperature on the speed of sound, and a temperature compensation algorithm can be added.

[0062] As an alternative, a laser time-of-flight (TOF) sensor (such as the VL53L0X or VL53L1X) can be used. Laser TOF sensors calculate distance by measuring the flight time of an infrared laser, achieving a measurement accuracy of 1-3 cm. They offer fast response times and are suitable for scenarios requiring rapid response. When using this type of sensor, the influence of ambient light on the measurement should be considered, and a filter may be added if necessary. Example 5: Safety Management System (Construction Site Version)

[0063] This embodiment provides a safety management system, including a backend management system and multiple smart safety belts as described in any of embodiments 1 to 4. The backend management system is deployed at the construction site monitoring center and communicates wirelessly with all smart safety belts via a 4G / 5G network. The backend management system includes a dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module, a people counting and dynamic warning module, and an alarm and visualization display module.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, the dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module dynamically delineates the electronic fence area based on the project construction progress, especially the real-time location and scope of critical projects (such as suspended platform construction, tower crane operations, deep foundation pit excavation, etc.), and dynamically configures a corresponding personnel threshold for each area. For example, when the suspended platform moves, the electronic fence moves accordingly; when the deep foundation pit excavation area expands, the fence expands accordingly. An example of threshold setting is as follows: Suspended platform construction area: The threshold is set to ≤2 people (to prevent overloading); Tower crane material drop point warning zone: Threshold set to 0 people (entry strictly prohibited); Working at heights / working near edges: The threshold is set to ≥2 people (two people must work together, one to operate and one to supervise).

[0065] The personnel counting and dynamic alert module receives location data reported by all smart safety belts in "operation status" via GPS / BeiDou signals. Based on dynamically generated electronic fences, it counts the number of people in each fenced area in real time. The counting period is 1 second. When the number of people in a certain area remains below the lower limit or above the upper limit for more than 10 seconds, a three-level alarm command (overstaffing or understaffing alarm) is generated. For example, if only one safety belt in operation is detected in a high-altitude work area, the system immediately determines it as "single person violating regulations" and triggers an understaffing alarm; if three people are detected in the suspended platform area, an overstaffing alarm is triggered. The duration is adjustable; in this embodiment, 10 seconds is preferred to avoid instantaneous fluctuations.

[0066] The alarm and visualization module pushes Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 alarm information (including violation type, personnel information, location, and time) to relevant management personnel in real time (PC or mobile APP), and highlights the alarm area on the construction site electronic map. Management personnel can click on the alarm point to view detailed information and remotely send voice prompts or instructions to the violators. The map supports zooming and panning and can display the real-time trajectory of personnel. Example 6: Safety Management System (Scenic Area Version)

[0067] This embodiment applies the system from Embodiment 5 to the management of high-altitude projects in scenic areas.

[0068] like Figure 5As shown, the dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module dynamically delineates the electronic fence area and configures the number of people threshold according to the scenic area management needs, for example: Glass walkway area: The threshold is set at ≤50 people (the number of people is limited according to the walkway's carrying capacity); Undeveloped areas / wildlife habitats: Threshold set to 0 people (tourists are strictly prohibited from entering); Cable car gondolas: The threshold is set at ≤8 people (the number of passengers is limited according to the approved passenger capacity of the gondola). Cliffside viewing platform: The threshold is set to ≥1 person and ≤30 people (to ensure that there are people but not overloaded).

[0069] The people counting and dynamic alert module counts the number of people in each area in real time and triggers corresponding alarms: for example, when 51 people are detected in the glass walkway area, an overcrowding alarm is triggered; when 9 people are detected in the cable car area, an overload alarm is triggered; and when people are detected entering an undeveloped area, an intrusion into a restricted area alarm is triggered.

[0070] In addition, the system also integrates visitor behavior management functions and emergency response and rescue functions: Visitor behavior management function: For visitors who are not familiar with how to use the seat belt, the 1-minute timer + sound and light alarm mechanism of this invention can guide them to use it correctly; when visitors linger too long in dangerous locations such as the edge of the glass walkway, or exhibit abnormal behaviors such as climbing the railing, the backend can trigger an early warning through location and trajectory analysis.

[0071] Emergency response and rescue functions: In case of abnormal situations such as tourists falling, sudden illness, or being stranded, the system can detect the location immediately and notify rescue personnel for rapid rescue. For example, if a tourist's location remains unchanged for an extended period and their heart rate data (if wearable devices support it) is abnormal, the system will automatically trigger a rescue alarm.

[0072] The alarm and visualization module pushes alarm information to scenic area management personnel in real time and highlights the alarm area on the scenic area's electronic map, supporting simultaneous push notifications to mobile devices. The map displays the real-time number of people in each area, with color indicators (green, yellow, and red) representing saturation. Example 7: Detailed Implementation of the Two-Way Alarm Mechanism

[0073] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment adds the following setting based on any one of embodiments 1-6: the control unit is further configured to simultaneously execute the following two operations when a first-level alarm command (including "low-hanging high-use" violation in a single-rope scenario and "double-rope violation" in a double-rope scenario) or a second-level alarm command (entry into a restricted area) is generated: Local instant alert: Immediately activate the audible and visual alarm to issue a continuous audible and visual alarm until the violation is detected and the violation is lifted (such as the height difference returning to the safe threshold, or personnel leaving the restricted area).

[0074] Real-time upload from the backend: The alarm command, current location information, timestamp, and device ID are packaged and uploaded to the backend management system in real time through the wireless communication unit to alert the administrators.

[0075] The two-way alarm mechanism is explained in detail below: The control unit has a preset alarm state machine. When a violation is detected (such as low-hanging-high-use, double-rope violation, or trespassing into a restricted area), the state machine enters alarm mode. At this time, the control unit immediately drives the audible and visual alarm to emit high-frequency audible and visual signals (intermittent buzzer sound and flashing red LED), which continues until the violation is resolved. Simultaneously, the control unit packages the alarm information into a data frame and sends it to the backend management system via the wireless communication unit. The data frame format includes: device ID (unique identifier), timestamp (accurate to the second), alarm type (01 for low-hanging-high-use, 02 for double-rope violation, 03 for trespassing into a restricted area, 04 for area overcrowding, 05 for area undercrowding), longitude, latitude, altitude, and battery level. To ensure real-time performance, UDP protocol is used for transmission, and a retransmission mechanism is added to ensure that important alarms are not lost.

[0076] After receiving alarm information, the backend management system first stores it, and then, based on the alarm type and level, notifies relevant administrators through preset push rules (such as SMS, app push, email). Administrators can view alarm details in the backend and choose to remotely issue commands to the device (such as resetting the alarm, adjusting thresholds, etc.). If the alarm remains unresolved, the backend can escalate the alarm level and notify higher-level administrators. For example, if a level 1 alarm remains unresolved for 5 minutes, it will be escalated to level 2, and the project manager will be notified.

[0077] This two-way alarm mechanism forms a complete "on-site-remote" management closed loop, effectively improving emergency response speed and management efficiency.

[0078] Other aspects of this invention that are not detailed herein are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0079] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0080] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A two-way alarm smart safety belt based on dynamic zone monitoring, comprising a safety belt body and a hook connected to a safety rope, wherein the other end of the safety rope is connected to the safety belt body, characterized in that: It also includes a standby status detection unit, a height difference detection unit, and a control unit; The standby state detection unit is installed on the seat belt body and is used to detect whether the hook is in standby state; The height difference detection unit is used to detect the height difference between the hook and a preset reference point on the seat belt body; The control unit is connected to both the standby state detection unit and the height difference detection unit, and the control unit is configured as follows: When the standby state detection unit detects that the hook has switched from standby state to working state, the height difference detection unit switches from low power mode to working mode. When the height difference detected by the height difference detection unit does not reach the preset safety threshold within a preset time, an alarm command is generated.

2. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference detection unit includes a first height sensor disposed at the hook and a second height sensor disposed on the seat belt body; both the first height sensor and the second height sensor are any one of MEMS barometric pressure sensor, ultrasonic ranging sensor or laser time-of-flight sensor.

3. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference detection unit uses a pull-line displacement sensor, with its pull-line end fixed to a preset reference point on the seat belt body and its spool end fixed to the hook. The height difference is obtained by measuring the extension length of the pull-line.

4. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standby state detection unit includes a storage structure disposed on the seat belt body and a sensor disposed on the storage structure. When the hook is attached to the storage structure, the sensor is triggered and the system determines that it is in standby state; when the hook is removed from the storage structure, the sensor is not triggered and the system determines that it is in working state; the storage structure is an anti-detachment hook, and the sensor is a micro switch, a magnetic sensor, or an infrared photocell.

5. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of hooks connected to the safety rope is two, namely the first hook and the second hook; the standby state detection unit is used to detect the state of the first hook and the second hook respectively; the height difference detection unit is used to detect the height difference between the first hook and the second hook and the safety belt body respectively; the control unit has a built-in state machine, which is configured to output a corresponding judgment result based on the state combination of the first hook and the second hook, and whether the height difference between each hook and the safety belt body reaches a preset safety threshold; the judgment result includes double rope violation, single rope normal use, and double rope normal use.

6. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is also configured to start timing after the system enters the working state. If the height difference does not reach the preset safety threshold within a preset time, it is determined to be a violation of low-mounted high-use and generates an alarm command.

7. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a positioning unit for obtaining the wearer's location information in real time; the control unit is connected to the positioning unit and is further configured to: receive dynamic electronic fence data sent from the background, and generate an alarm command if the location detected by the positioning unit enters a restricted area.

8. The two-way alarm smart safety belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wireless communication unit and an audible and visual alarm; the control unit is connected to the wireless communication unit and the audible and visual alarm respectively, and is further configured to: when an alarm command is generated, simultaneously execute local instant alert and backend real-time upload, wherein executing the local instant alert means driving the audible and visual alarm to issue an alarm; and the backend real-time upload means uploading the alarm command to the backend management system in real time through the wireless communication unit.

9. A security management system, characterized in that: Includes a back-end management system and multiple two-way alarm smart safety belts as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The background management system is used to communicate wirelessly with all two-way alarm smart safety belts, and it includes a dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module as well as a people counting and dynamic warning module. The dynamic electronic fence and threshold generation module is used to dynamically delineate electronic fence areas according to the real-time operation scenario, and dynamically configure corresponding number of people thresholds for each area; the number of people thresholds include an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold; The personnel counting and dynamic alert module is used to receive the location data reported by the two-way alarm smart safety belt in operation. Based on the dynamically generated electronic fence, it counts the number of people in each fence area in real time. When the number of people in a certain area is continuously lower than the lower limit or exceeds the upper limit, it generates an area alarm command. The area alarm command includes an overcrowding alarm command and an undercrowding alarm command. The background management system is also used to receive and process alarm commands reported by the two-way alarm smart seat belt and push them to the management personnel terminal simultaneously.

10. The security management system according to claim 9, characterized in that... It also includes an alarm and visualization module, which pushes alarm information to managers in real time and highlights the alarm area on an electronic map, supporting simultaneous reception and viewing on PC and mobile devices; the real-time operation scenarios include any one of the following: building construction, scenic area high-altitude projects, power operation and maintenance, wind power generation, high-altitude cleaning, and theme parks.

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