A method and apparatus for cooperative communication of a dual-mode communication unit with an edge gateway

Abstract

This invention discloses a collaborative communication method and apparatus between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway. The method includes: establishing power frequency phase synchronization between the edge gateway and each dual-mode communication unit, dividing the power frequency period into multiple discrete phase windows, and constructing an associated sub-knowledge base for each phase window; when a dual-mode communication unit detects a fault, it extracts the power frequency phase at the time of the fault occurrence and the fault fingerprint features within a preset time window and reports them; the edge gateway determines its corresponding phase window based on the reported power frequency phase, performs fingerprint matching only in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to that phase window, and identifies the fault type; and generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the fault type, coordinating each unit to report according to priority and off-peak. This invention narrows the fingerprint matching range by using power frequency phase, solving the problem of low recognition accuracy caused by the limited amount of fingerprint feature information in short time windows, improving accuracy while ensuring recognition speed, and effectively avoiding uplink channel congestion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power data transmission technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway. Background Technology

[0002] Dual-mode communication technology (HPLC+HRF) is widely used in power distribution networks. Edge gateways (such as smart distribution terminal units) and their subordinate dual-mode communication units (deployed in power grid terminal equipment such as smart meters, fault indicators, smart switches, and distributed power grid connection points) form a star or tree-shaped collaborative communication network. During normal operation, each dual-mode communication unit reports power data according to a preset cycle or event-triggered method, and the channel load is within a controllable range.

[0003] However, when a power grid fault occurs (such as single-phase grounding, phase-to-phase short circuit, open circuit, lightning strike, etc.), a sudden scenario of large-scale concurrent reporting can occur: a large number of terminals near the fault point simultaneously detect the fault and immediately report alarms; smart meters in areas affected by voltage dips trigger event reporting; distributed power grid connection points trigger protection actions and report due to voltage anomalies; and some units trigger communication switching requests due to channel quality degradation. This sudden massive reporting can lead to severe congestion of shared uplink channels (especially HRF contention slots or HPLC shared slots), resulting in the following problems: high-priority protection and control information (such as trip commands and fault location data) competes with low-priority data (such as meter freeze data) for channel resources, which may lead to protection malfunctions or failures due to delays or packet loss; ineffective competition for channel resources exacerbates collisions and retransmissions, further worsening the congestion; and edge gateways are unable to grasp the full picture of the fault in a timely manner due to the flooding of critical alarms, affecting the accuracy of fault isolation and recovery decisions.

[0004] Existing congestion control methods are mainly based on priority queues and random backoff mechanisms, which are effective under normal loads, but have obvious shortcomings when facing sudden congestion during a fault: these methods are all passive responses, that is, adjustments only begin after congestion occurs, and cannot prevent it before the event occurs; each unit backs off independently, lacking global coordinated scheduling, resulting in low efficiency; more importantly, existing methods cannot dynamically allocate resources according to the physical characteristics of the fault itself, which may cause high-priority services to be delayed.

[0005] On the other hand, the identification of power grid fault types usually relies on complex waveform analysis using dedicated protection devices, which results in prolonged response times and high costs, making it difficult to provide timely decision-making basis for congestion control at the communication layer. If we try to use dual-mode communication units to extract fingerprint features for fault identification after a fault occurs, we face a dilemma: if the acquisition time is too short, the amount of fault fingerprint feature information is limited, making it difficult to accurately distinguish from many fault types; if the acquisition time is too long, the identification results are delayed, failing to meet the real-time requirements of communication resource scheduling.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that can quickly and accurately identify the fault type in a very short time after a fault occurs, and perform global collaborative channel resource scheduling based on the identification results, so as to fundamentally solve the uplink channel congestion problem caused by large-scale concurrent reporting triggered by faults. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, which aims to improve accuracy while ensuring fault identification speed and effectively avoid uplink channel congestion.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this invention discloses a collaborative communication method between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, applied to an edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units, wherein the dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment, and the method includes: Step S1: The edge gateway establishes power frequency phase synchronization with each of its subordinate dual-mode communication units, and divides the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules; Step S2: The edge gateway constructs and associates a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window it is associated with; Step S3: In response to detecting a fault event, the dual-mode communication unit obtains the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extracts the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs, and reports the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway. Step S4: The edge gateway receives the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each of the dual-mode communication units; the edge gateway obtains the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; the edge gateway compares and matches the first fault fingerprint feature with each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature. Step S5: The edge gateway generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcasts the scheduling instruction to each of the dual-mode communication units so that each of the dual-mode communication units reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least the fault event.

[0009] Optionally, in step S1, the power frequency period is divided into multiple discrete phase windows according to a preset rule, including: The edge gateway dynamically adjusts the width of the discrete phase window based on the statistical analysis results of historical fault data of the transformer area. The first division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is higher than a first threshold, and the second division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is lower than a second threshold. The first division granularity is smaller than the second division granularity, thereby forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save the storage resources of the sub-knowledge base.

[0010] Optionally, in step S3, a first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs is extracted. The length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs. The first fault fingerprint feature includes at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

[0011] Optionally, in step S4, if the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the edge gateway expands the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, performs a secondary matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase window, and determines the power grid fault type based on the secondary matching result.

[0012] Optionally, step S5, which generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, specifically includes: The edge gateway obtains the predicted communication impact range of the fault event based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature; based on the predicted results, it reserves channel resources in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for critical areas; the channel resource scheduling instruction includes the pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a collaborative communication device between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, which is applied to an edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units. The dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment. The system includes: a power frequency synchronization partitioning module, a knowledge association module, a fault matching module, and a channel resource scheduling instruction generation module applied to the edge gateway, and a feature acquisition module applied to the dual-mode communication units. The power frequency synchronization division module is used to establish power frequency phase synchronization with each of its subordinate dual-mode communication units, and to divide the power frequency period into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules. The knowledge association module is used to construct and associate a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window it is associated with; The feature acquisition module is used to respond to the detection of a fault event, obtain the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extract the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs, and report the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway. The fault matching module is used to receive the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each of the dual-mode communication units; obtain the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; compare and match the first fault fingerprint feature with each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature. The channel resource scheduling instruction generation module is used to generate a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcast the scheduling instruction to each of the dual-mode communication units so that each of the dual-mode communication units reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least the fault event.

[0014] Optionally, the power frequency synchronization partitioning module is specifically used for: Based on the statistical analysis of historical fault data of the transformer area, the width of the discrete phase window is dynamically adjusted. A first granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of a fault event is higher than a first threshold, and a second granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of a fault event is lower than a second threshold. The first granularity is smaller than the second granularity, thereby forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save the storage resources of the sub-knowledge base.

[0015] Optionally, the length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs, and the first fault fingerprint features include at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

[0016] Optionally, the fault matching module is further configured to: If the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the fault matching module expands the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, performs a secondary matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase windows, and determines the power grid fault type based on the secondary matching result.

[0017] Optionally, the channel resource scheduling instruction generation module is specifically used for: Based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, a prediction result of the communication impact range corresponding to the fault event is obtained; based on the prediction result, channel resources are reserved in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for key areas; the channel resource scheduling instruction includes the pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes power frequency phase to compress the fingerprint matching range from the entire phase domain to a single discrete phase window. This allows the limited fingerprint features extracted within a very short time of only 1-3 power frequency cycles after a fault occurs to achieve high-confidence fault type identification through precise matching with a small number of candidate templates. This avoids the problems of feature ambiguity and low matching accuracy caused by insufficient acquisition time in traditional methods, while also meeting the timeliness requirements for rapid response to power grid faults. 2. This invention uses the identified fault type as the decision-making basis for dynamic scheduling of communication resources. Based on the predefined urgency level and communication impact range of the fault type, it reserves channel resources in advance for services of different priorities, allocates reporting time slots, and sets backoff parameters. This ensures that communication resource scheduling is precisely matched with the physical characteristics of power grid events, avoiding resource mismatch caused by the lack of event awareness in traditional congestion control methods. 3. This invention employs a two-step mechanism: first reporting lightweight identification information, then reporting complete data according to schedule. Immediately after a fault occurs, only the power frequency phase and short-time-window fingerprint characteristics are transmitted, resulting in a minimal data volume and preventing channel congestion. After the gateway completes fault type identification and generates scheduling instructions, each unit reports complete data in an orderly manner according to uniformly allocated time slots and channels. This achieves globally coordinated, staggered reporting, ensuring high-priority services are transmitted with zero contention on dedicated resources, completely eliminating the risk of critical information loss due to congestion. 4. Based on the identified fault type, this invention predicts the communication impact range and subsequent event chain, reserving channel resources in advance for affected areas, thus elevating congestion control from "passive post-event response" to "proactive pre-event prevention." Under the unified scheduling of the gateway, each dual-mode communication unit reports in an orderly manner, significantly improving channel resource utilization and enhancing the overall network throughput and stability.

[0019] In summary, this invention solves the technical problem of low fault identification accuracy under short-time-window acquisition conditions by introducing a power frequency phase window to compress the fingerprint matching range, achieving rapid and accurate identification within the first power frequency cycle after a fault occurs. Furthermore, based on the identified fault type, it dynamically schedules channel resources, fundamentally avoiding uplink channel congestion caused by concurrent reporting from multiple units, ensuring reliable transmission of high-priority protection and control information. At the same time, this solution is deeply integrated with the power grid's power frequency characteristics, forming a technical barrier that is difficult to reuse, and has low system overhead and strong real-time performance, making it of good engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a collaborative communication method between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a collaborative communication device between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention discloses a method and apparatus for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document and appropriately modify the technical details to implement it. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in this invention. The methods and applications of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit, and scope of this invention to implement and apply the technology of this invention.

[0022] This invention provides a method for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, applicable to the edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units. The dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step S1: The edge gateway establishes power frequency phase synchronization with each of its subordinate dual-mode communication units, and divides the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules.

[0023] It should be noted that the edge gateway establishes high-precision power frequency phase synchronization with all its subordinate dual-mode communication units through HPLC zero-crossing time-mark broadcasting or local voltage zero-crossing detection, with a synchronization accuracy better than 1° electrical angle. Based on this benchmark, the edge gateway divides the power frequency cycle (50Hz corresponds to 20ms, 360° electrical angle) into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules. The phase windows can be divided at equal intervals (e.g., one window every 5°, for a total of 72 windows), or non-uniformly divided according to the historical fault distribution of the transformer area. The core function of this step is to discretize the continuous power frequency phase, providing an engineering-feasible matching space for subsequent "phase constraint matching," ensuring that each fault event can be marked and assigned to a specific phase window.

[0024] In AC power systems, there is a definite physical correlation between faults and power frequency phases: different types of power grid faults exhibit selectivity in their occurrence time relative to the power frequency phase due to differences in their electrical mechanisms. For example, insulation breakdown faults (such as single-phase grounding and lightning flashover) typically occur near the voltage peak phase (80°~100°), because the voltage stress on the insulation is greatest at this time; switch operation faults (such as circuit breaker opening and closing and capacitor switching) are mostly concentrated near the current zero-crossing phase (0° or 180°), because arc extinction and inrush current transients are strongly correlated with the zero-crossing point; while persistent disturbances such as arc discharge exhibit periodic phase repetition characteristics. This mapping relationship between "fault type-occurrence phase" originates from the physical operating laws of the power grid and has statistical significance and physical determinism. This invention utilizes this inherent characteristic, using the power frequency phase at the time of a fault as a priori constraint to narrow the search range for fingerprint matching. Since the phase distribution differs among different fault types, phase windowing can limit candidate fault types to a specific subset, enabling high-confidence fault identification with the limited fingerprint features extracted within a very short time window. This mechanism transforms the physical laws of the power grid into decision-making criteria at the communication level, forming the foundation for rapid and accurate fault type identification in this solution.

[0025] Furthermore, the power frequency (50Hz or 60Hz) is the fundamental rhythm of AC power system operation, its core being grid-wide synchronization: all grid-connected generators, transmission lines, substations, and loads in the power system operate at the same electrical frequency, and the voltage waveform at any point in the system theoretically exhibits a consistent phase change pattern. This synchronization stems from the generator rotors rotating at the same mechanical speed, maintaining global frequency stability through strong electrical coupling of the power grid. Specifically, the zero-crossing times of the voltage waveform have a deterministic correspondence across the entire grid, making the power frequency phase the unified time reference for the entire power system. Based on this physical characteristic, the starting time of any fault or disturbance occurring at any location in the power grid can be marked using a unified power frequency phase, thus providing a natural and highly accurate global time reference for fault analysis, relay protection, and collaborative communication.

[0026] In this specific embodiment, step S1 divides the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to a preset rule, including: The edge gateway dynamically adjusts the width of the discrete phase window based on the statistical analysis results of historical fault data of the transformer area. The first division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is higher than the first threshold, and the second division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is lower than the second threshold. The first division granularity is smaller than the second division granularity, thus forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save sub-knowledge base storage resources.

[0027] It should be noted that this embodiment further defines step S1, "dividing the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules," by introducing a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on historical fault statistics. Specifically, the edge gateway dynamically adjusts the width of the discrete phase windows based on the statistical analysis results of historical fault data of the distribution area. A finer first granularity is used in phase intervals where the probability of a fault event is higher than a first threshold, while a coarser second granularity is used in phase intervals where the probability of a fault event is lower than a second threshold, thus forming high-fault phase windows and sparse-fault phase windows. The technical significance of this limitation is that the high-fault phase windows achieve higher phase resolution, enabling more precise differentiation of different types of faults and improving fingerprint matching accuracy; the sparse-fault phase windows, with their coarser granularity, reduce the number of sub-knowledge bases and storage space usage. This mechanism achieves a dynamic balance between matching accuracy and storage resources and can adaptively optimize based on the actual fault distribution characteristics of different distribution areas, demonstrating the edge gateway's autonomous learning capability and further strengthening the deep integration of this solution with power grid operation data.

[0028] Step S2: The edge gateway constructs and associates a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window associated with it.

[0029] It should be noted that the edge gateway constructs a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window divided in step S1, and associates this sub-knowledge base with the phase window. The content stored in each sub-knowledge base includes: the types of power grid faults that have occurred historically within that phase window (such as single-phase grounding, phase-to-phase short circuit, lightning strikes, switch operations, etc.), and the standard feature fingerprint template corresponding to each fault type. These templates can be pre-established through offline simulation testing, historical fault data mining, or expert rules. The core innovation of this step lies in decomposing the originally single, massive global fault fingerprint database according to the phase window dimension, forming multiple parallel, smaller sub-knowledge bases, providing a data foundation for the "range compression matching" in step S4.

[0030] Step S3: In response to detecting a fault event, the dual-mode communication unit obtains the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extracts the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs, and reports the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway.

[0031] It should be noted that when the dual-mode communication unit detects a power grid fault event (such as voltage sag, current surge, harmonic distortion, etc.), it immediately performs two key actions: First, it captures the power frequency phase at the moment the fault begins, denoted as the first power frequency phase; second, it extracts fault fingerprint features within a preset time window after the fault occurs (usually 1-3 power frequency cycles), denoted as the first fault fingerprint feature. This feature can be a simplified electrical quantity such as voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, transient energy distribution, etc. Subsequently, the unit reports these two pieces of information (phase + fingerprint) to the edge gateway through the dual-mode communication uplink channel. The core of this step is that only lightweight phase and fingerprint information is reported, rather than complete fault waveform data, thereby ensuring that the amount of data reported initially is extremely small, avoiding congestion on the common access channel, while providing the gateway with the core basis for fault type identification.

[0032] It is worth mentioning that this scheme adopts a step-by-step reporting mechanism. In the first instance after a fault occurs, only the power frequency phase and short-time window fingerprint features are reported, rather than the complete fault data. This is mainly based on the following considerations: If the complete fault data is transmitted in the first report, the simultaneous transmission of long data packets initiated by multiple units will immediately cause uplink channel congestion, which runs counter to the technical problem that this invention aims to solve. By only reporting the phase and fingerprint features, the data volume is extremely small. Even if a collision occurs in the common random access channel, the retransmission overhead is very low, which can ensure that the edge gateway can quickly obtain key information and complete the fault type identification within the first power frequency cycle after the fault occurs. The identified fault type provides a decision-making basis for subsequent resource scheduling, enabling each unit to report complete data in an orderly manner according to the time slots and channels allocated by the gateway. This not only ensures the reliable transmission of high-priority services, but also fundamentally avoids channel congestion.

[0033] In this specific embodiment, step S3 extracts the first fault fingerprint features within a preset time window after the fault event occurs. The length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs. The first fault fingerprint features include at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

[0034] It should be noted that this embodiment specifically defines the "first fault fingerprint feature extracted within a preset time window after the fault event occurs," specifying that the length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs, and listing that the first fault fingerprint feature includes at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution. The technical significance of this limitation is that quantifying the "preset time window" into 1 to 3 power frequency cycles (corresponding to 20 to 60 milliseconds) makes the technical features of this solution clearer and more explicit, facilitating implementation and infringement determination. Simultaneously, the listed fingerprint features are all simplified electrical quantities that can be directly measured during power grid faults, requiring no complex calculations for extraction, thus ensuring the real-time nature of fault identification.

[0035] Step S4: The edge gateway receives the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each dual-mode communication unit; the edge gateway obtains the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; the edge gateway compares and matches the first fault fingerprint feature with each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature.

[0036] It should be noted that after receiving the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each unit, the gateway first determines the first discrete phase window to which it belongs based on the first power frequency phase (for example, phase 87.3° falls into the 85°~90° window). Then, the gateway only retrieves standard feature fingerprint templates from the sub-knowledge base associated with the first discrete phase window for matching, without traversing the sub-knowledge bases of other phase windows. The matching process uses a similarity calculation algorithm to compare the first fault fingerprint feature with each template in the sub-base. When the similarity exceeds a preset threshold, the match is considered successful, and the corresponding power grid fault type is output. The core innovation of this step is that by using the power frequency phase, the matching range is compressed from the entire phase domain to a single phase window. This allows the limited fingerprint features extracted within a preset short time window to achieve high-confidence fault type identification through accurate matching with a small number of candidate templates, solving the dilemma of "feature ambiguity due to short acquisition time and recognition lag due to long acquisition time" in traditional methods.

[0037] In this specific embodiment, in step S4, if the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the edge gateway expands the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, performs a secondary matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase window, and determines the power grid fault type based on the secondary matching result.

[0038] It should be noted that this embodiment supplements and limits step S4, "comparing and matching the first fault fingerprint feature with each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window," by introducing a remedial mechanism for matching failure. Specifically, if the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the edge gateway expands the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, performs a secondary matching of the first fault fingerprint feature with the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase windows, and determines the power grid fault type based on the secondary matching result. The technical significance of this limitation is that, considering that there may be slight errors in power frequency phase measurement, or that the fault event happens to occur near the phase window boundary, the initial matching may fail. By expanding the matching range to adjacent phase windows, this scheme increases the fault tolerance and robustness of identification, avoids missed identification due to boundary effects or measurement errors, and the expansion range is limited to adjacent phase windows rather than the entire phase domain, maintaining the efficiency of matching.

[0039] Step S5: The edge gateway generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcasts the scheduling instruction to each dual-mode communication unit so that each dual-mode communication unit reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least fault events.

[0040] It should be noted that, based on the power grid fault type identified in step S4, the gateway queries a predefined priority strategy (such as a fault type-emergency level mapping table) to determine the reporting priority and channel resource allocation scheme for each dual-mode communication unit. This includes: reserving dedicated time slots for high-priority events, specifying preferred communication channels (HPLC or HRF), enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission to ensure reliability for high-priority services, and setting backoff parameters for low-priority events to proactively delay their reporting. The gateway encapsulates the above scheduling information into channel resource scheduling instructions and broadcasts them to each unit through the dual-mode communication downlink channel. After receiving the instructions, each unit reports complete fault data in an orderly manner according to the allocated priority, time slot, and channel. The core of this step is to deeply link the fault type identification result with channel resource scheduling, realizing a collaborative mechanism of "identification first, scheduling later, and reporting later," fundamentally avoiding uplink channel congestion caused by multiple units simultaneously reporting complete data, and ensuring reliable transmission of critical services.

[0041] In this specific embodiment, step S5, which generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, specifically includes: The edge gateway obtains the predicted communication impact range of the fault event based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint characteristics. Based on the prediction results, it reserves channel resources in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for key areas. The channel resource scheduling instruction contains the pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the edge gateway obtains the predicted communication impact range of the identified power grid fault type. Based on the predicted results, it pre-allocates channel resources for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for large amounts of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for critical areas. The channel resource scheduling instruction includes this pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur. This embodiment elevates congestion control from "post-event response" to "pre-event prevention." Based on the physical characteristics of fault types (such as a single-phase grounding fault potentially developing into a phase-to-phase short circuit, or a lightning strike potentially triggering multiple subsequent pulses), resources are pre-allocated for possible secondary events to ensure reliable transmission of critical services throughout the fault evolution process.

[0043] This invention utilizes power frequency phase to compress the fingerprint matching range from the full phase domain to a single discrete phase window. This allows the limited fingerprint features extracted within a very short time of only 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after a fault to achieve high-confidence fault type identification through accurate matching with a small number of candidate templates. This avoids the problems of feature blurring and low matching accuracy caused by insufficient acquisition time in traditional methods, while also meeting the timeliness requirements for rapid response to power grid faults.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the identified fault type is used as the decision basis for dynamic scheduling of communication resources. Based on the predefined emergency level and communication impact range of the fault type, channel resources are reserved in advance for services of different priorities, reporting time slots are allocated, and backoff parameters are set. This enables the communication resource scheduling to be precisely matched with the physical characteristics of power grid events, avoiding resource mismatch caused by the lack of event perception in traditional congestion control methods.

[0045] This invention employs a two-step mechanism: first, reporting lightweight identification information, and then reporting complete data according to the schedule. In the immediate aftermath of a fault, only the power frequency phase and short-time window fingerprint features are transmitted, resulting in a very small data volume that will not cause channel congestion. After the gateway completes fault type identification and generates scheduling instructions, each unit reports complete data in an orderly manner according to the uniformly allocated time slots and channels. This achieves globally coordinated staggered reporting, ensuring that high-priority services are transmitted with zero contention on dedicated resources, and completely eliminating the risk of loss of critical information due to congestion.

[0046] This invention, based on the identified fault type, predicts the communication impact range and subsequent event chain, reserving channel resources for affected areas in advance, thus upgrading congestion control from "reactive response after the fact" to "proactive prevention before the fact." Each dual-mode communication unit reports in an orderly manner under the unified scheduling of the gateway, significantly improving channel resource utilization and enhancing the overall network throughput and stability.

[0047] In summary, this invention addresses the technical challenge of low fault identification accuracy under short-time-window acquisition conditions by introducing a power frequency phase window to compress the fingerprint matching range, achieving rapid and accurate identification within the first power frequency cycle after a fault occurs. Furthermore, it dynamically schedules channel resources based on the identified fault type, fundamentally avoiding uplink channel congestion caused by concurrent reporting from multiple units and ensuring reliable transmission of high-priority protection and control information. Simultaneously, this solution deeply integrates with the power grid's power frequency characteristics, forming a difficult-to-reuse technical barrier, and boasts low system overhead, strong real-time performance, and significant engineering application value.

[0048] Based on the above-described method for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, this embodiment of the invention also provides a collaborative communication device for a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, applied to the edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units. The dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a power frequency synchronization partitioning module 11, a knowledge association module 12, a fault matching module 13, a channel resource scheduling instruction generation module 14 applied to the edge gateway 1, and a feature acquisition module 21 applied to the dual-mode communication unit 2; The power frequency synchronization division module 11 is used to establish power frequency phase synchronization with its subordinate dual-mode communication units 2, and to divide the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules. The knowledge association module 12 is used to construct and associate a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window it is associated with; Feature acquisition module 21 is used to obtain the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extract the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event is detected in response to the detection of a fault event, and report the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway 1. The fault matching module 13 is used to receive the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each dual-mode communication unit 2; obtain the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; compare and match the first fault fingerprint feature with each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature; The channel resource scheduling instruction generation module 14 is used to generate a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcast the scheduling instruction to each dual-mode communication unit 2 so that each dual-mode communication unit 2 reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least fault events.

[0049] Optionally, the power frequency synchronization partitioning module 11 is specifically used for: Based on the statistical analysis of historical fault data of the transformer area, the width of the discrete phase window is dynamically adjusted. The first division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault events is higher than the first threshold, and the second division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault events is lower than the second threshold. The first division granularity is smaller than the second division granularity, thus forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save sub-knowledge base storage resources.

[0050] Optionally, the length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs, and the first fault fingerprint features include at least the voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

[0051] Optionally, the fault matching module 13 is also used for: If the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than the preset threshold, the fault matching module 13 will expand the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, perform a second matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprint in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase window, and determine the power grid fault type based on the second matching result.

[0052] Optionally, the channel resource scheduling instruction generation module 14 is specifically used for: Based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, the predicted communication impact range of the fault event is obtained; based on the prediction results, channel resources are reserved in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for key areas; the channel resource scheduling instruction contains pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit 2 can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

[0053] This invention achieves high-confidence fault type identification within an extremely short time window through coordinated matching of power frequency phase and fault fingerprint, fundamentally resolving the contradiction between acquisition time and identification accuracy in traditional methods. Based on the identification results, channel resources are dynamically scheduled, elevating congestion control from passive response to proactive prevention. This effectively avoids uplink channel congestion caused by large-scale concurrent reporting triggered by faults, ensuring reliable transmission of high-priority services. Furthermore, the solution is deeply integrated with the physical characteristics of the power grid, resulting in low system overhead and easy deployment, providing an efficient and reliable solution for collaborative communication in distribution network fault scenarios.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collaborative communication between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, applied to an edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units, wherein the dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: The edge gateway establishes power frequency phase synchronization with each of its subordinate dual-mode communication units, and divides the power frequency cycle into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules; Step S2: The edge gateway constructs and associates a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window it is associated with; Step S3: In response to detecting a fault event, the dual-mode communication unit obtains the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extracts the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs, and reports the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway. Step S4: The edge gateway receives the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each of the dual-mode communication units; the edge gateway obtains the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; the edge gateway compares and matches the first fault fingerprint feature with each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature. Step S5: The edge gateway generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcasts the scheduling instruction to each of the dual-mode communication units so that each of the dual-mode communication units reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least the fault event.

2. The collaborative communication method between the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the power frequency cycle is divided into multiple discrete phase windows according to a preset rule, including: The edge gateway dynamically adjusts the width of the discrete phase window based on the statistical analysis results of historical fault data of the transformer area. The first division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is higher than a first threshold, and the second division granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of fault event occurrence is lower than a second threshold. The first division granularity is smaller than the second division granularity, thereby forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save the storage resources of the sub-knowledge base.

3. The collaborative communication method between the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the first fault fingerprint feature is extracted within a preset time window after the fault event occurs. The length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs. The first fault fingerprint feature includes at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

4. The collaborative communication method between the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, if the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the edge gateway will expand the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, perform a second matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase window, and determine the power grid fault type based on the second matching result.

5. The collaborative communication method between the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5, which generates a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, specifically includes: The edge gateway obtains the predicted communication impact range of the fault event based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature; based on the predicted results, it reserves channel resources in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for critical areas; the channel resource scheduling instruction includes the pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

6. A collaborative communication device between a dual-mode communication unit and an edge gateway, applied to an edge gateway and its subordinate dual-mode communication units, wherein the dual-mode communication units are deployed in power grid terminal equipment, characterized in that, The system includes: a power frequency synchronization partitioning module, a knowledge association module, a fault matching module, and a channel resource scheduling instruction generation module applied to the edge gateway; and a feature acquisition module applied to the dual-mode communication unit. The power frequency synchronization division module is used to establish power frequency phase synchronization with each of its subordinate dual-mode communication units, and to divide the power frequency period into multiple discrete phase windows according to preset rules. The knowledge association module is used to construct and associate a corresponding sub-knowledge base for each discrete phase window; wherein, the sub-knowledge base stores the power grid fault type and its standard feature fingerprint corresponding to the discrete phase window it is associated with; The feature acquisition module is used to respond to the detection of a fault event, obtain the first power frequency phase at the time of the fault event and extract the first fault fingerprint feature within a preset time window after the fault event occurs, and report the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature to the edge gateway. The fault matching module is used to receive the first power frequency phase and the first fault fingerprint feature reported by each of the dual-mode communication units; obtain the first discrete phase window to which the first power frequency phase belongs based on the first power frequency phase; compare and match the first fault fingerprint feature with each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window to obtain the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature. The channel resource scheduling instruction generation module is used to generate a channel resource scheduling instruction based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, and broadcast the scheduling instruction to each of the dual-mode communication units so that each of the dual-mode communication units reports power data in a staggered manner according to the priority corresponding to the scheduling instruction; wherein, the power data includes at least the fault event.

7. The collaborative communication system of the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power frequency synchronization partitioning module is specifically used for: Based on the statistical analysis of historical fault data of the transformer area, the width of the discrete phase window is dynamically adjusted. A first granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of a fault event is higher than a first threshold, and a second granularity is used in the phase interval where the probability of a fault event is lower than a second threshold. The first granularity is smaller than the second granularity, thereby forming a high-fault phase window and a sparse fault phase window. This allows the high-fault phase window to obtain higher phase resolution to improve fingerprint matching accuracy, while the sparse fault phase window is divided with a coarser granularity to save the storage resources of the sub-knowledge base.

8. The collaborative communication system of the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length of the preset time window is 1 to 3 power frequency cycles after the fault occurs, and the first fault fingerprint features include at least voltage sag depth, harmonic distortion rate, first pulse width, and transient energy distribution.

9. The collaborative communication system of the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fault matching module is also used for: If the matching degree between the first fault fingerprint feature and each of the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the first discrete phase window is lower than a preset threshold, the fault matching module expands the matching range to one or more discrete phase windows adjacent to the first discrete phase window, performs a secondary matching between the first fault fingerprint feature and the standard feature fingerprints in the sub-knowledge base corresponding to the adjacent discrete phase windows, and determines the power grid fault type based on the secondary matching result.

10. The collaborative communication system of the dual-mode communication unit and the edge gateway according to claim 6, characterized in that, The channel resource scheduling instruction generation module is specifically used for: Based on the power grid fault type corresponding to the first fault fingerprint feature, a prediction result of the communication impact range corresponding to the fault event is obtained; based on the prediction result, channel resources are reserved in advance for the affected area, including pre-allocating reporting time slots for high-priority secondary events, setting dynamic backoff windows for a large amount of low-priority data, and enabling dual-mode concurrent transmission channels for key areas; the channel resource scheduling instruction includes the pre-allocated resource information so that each dual-mode communication unit can report according to the pre-allocated resources when subsequent events occur.

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